UCL_MArch Urban Design_HE QIZHEN

C O N N E C T I O N H

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UCL application number：24086380

Selected work from 2020 —— 2024 Z h e J i a n g

U n i v e r s i t y

About Me H E

CONTENTS

01

Q I Z H E N

01

Individual / Academic Location: Colombo, Sri Lanka Supervisor: ZHANG Yi / ZJU E-mail: yi.zhang@zju.edu.cn Date: 07/2023-11/2023

· REVITALIZING COLOMBO Creating a resilient food supply chain system

02

Individual / Academic Location: Macau Supervisor: ZHANG Yi / ZJU E-mail: yi.zhang@zju.edu.cn Date: 06/2023-09/2023

· COOLING DOWN Creating a floating oasis on the sea away from the city

03

Individual / Academic Location: Itaewon, Korea Supervisor: ZHANG Yi / ZJU E-mail: yi.zhang@zju.edu.cn Date: 10/2022-01/2023

· SUTURED WOUNDS Heal the wounds and rejuvenate

04

Individual / Academic Location: Daxi, Zhejiang Supervisor: ZHANG Yi / ZJU E-mail: yi.zhang@zju.edu.cn Date: 09/2021-11/2021

· JUNGLE WONDERLAND Preservation and Reconstruction of Rural Historic Heritage

05

OTHER WORK Photography & Painting & Modeling

Revitalizing Colombo Creating a resilient food supply chain system

Sri Lanka's political, commercial, and cultural centers are concentrated in its capital, Colombo. However, the main points of agricultural production are dispersed in city-country integration. People in these areas suffer from foodlacking problems as most of the products of their labor are deprived by the rich, resulting in chronic hunger and difficulty in obtaining the necessary nutrients. To break this disconnect between extreme wealth and poverty, the project advocates for creating a resilient supply chain model in cities from 5 scales that connects partially disconnected areas of wealth with production areas and serves as a replicable way to benefit the entire country.

prevalence of undernourishment Worldselection Food poverty mapQuantity demanded Food

The food problem is particularlyGroup acute in Sri Lanka Food Growing condition

Overview of world country-level relative vulnerability

The global recession, widespread Dietary Photoperiod Soil PH labor shortages, food losses,22°and 2.100 2.100 Lifespan characterWater usage ＞12h transportation bottlenecks 6.0-7.0 have 2.200 Temperature istics 125 affected the quantity and quality of0.600 0.600 90 availableCorn food and could increase 2.100 Daily nutrients needs Diversity in the the number of undernourished 2.100 17° characteristics of the 2.100 people by 196 million, bringing the Countries with low resilience to risk are ＞12h Crisis-prone regions Vitamins 2.100 food needs of the concentrated in Africa and South-East Asia total to 768 million by 2021.5.0-8.0 By 0.600 population in different 7 0.600 South Asia Support for smallholders to Prices of food, fuel and fertilizers soar as new Crown 2020, a staggering 3 billion people 80 increase productivityvitamins and expand A pneumonia epidemic begins 2.100 parts to of recover Sri Lanka. use of climate-smart approaches Global prevalence and volume of malnutrition, Potato to afford a healthy will be unable 0.01200g Shifting to cheaper, less nutritious staples is a along with greater intraregional 2000-2021 2.100 10° trade can contribute to better common response among the poor diet. number of people undernourishment

Percent

Million

18%

900

768

SriOriginal Lanka Urban-rural Distribution Supply Chain Functional analysis About 70% of Sri Lanka's territory is slums, and the country'sProduction wealth is concentrated in the Colombo area of the capital, where there is a wide gap between the rich and the poor.

13%

618

Staple

8%

7.8%

6%

Year

＜6h 6.0-7.5 200 90

1965-2016

Crop Historical origin 2 financial deficits

Economics 2 financial Apple deficits Civilization Historical origins of poverty Tea

2.100 3.200 0.600 0.600 2019 2.100

Politics government corruption

Mango

Timeline External trade： consumerism

Grape

20-30° ＞8h 6.5-6.8 180 110

High

Low

Banana

COVID 19 Affects Tourism

vitamins D 0.01120g

Gotabaya elected President Introduction of tax cuts

Visitors in Jan. , Feb., Mar. and Dec. only

0.600 0.600 2.100

20-35° ＞6h 5.5-6.5 125 120

2.100 2.100 3.700 0.600 0.600 2.100

Site

2.100

Agrifoodcocoa

supply chains: Building Onion resilient food systems

kelp

Meat products

Fish

Caw

5.5-6.5 125 300

24-28° 6-8h 6.0-7.0 125 200

City and country integration 53%

Renewable Farmland

Diversification, Riots - curfew Convenience and policy Health restriction on purchases

Updated Supply Chain Functional analysis Sri Lanka is a typical developing country with Production cocoa primary and tertiary sectors as its main

2.100 2.100 3.700 0.600 0.600 2.100

25-30° ＞5h 5.0-6.5 125 90

2.100 2.100 3.700 0.600 0.600 2.100

Processing/ Storage

Retail

25° 4h 125 90

15-25° 8-23h 2 50

15-25° 8h 15-35 240

Air way

41%

Residential area

Recreation area

TechOutfits

a. Processing in pipeline transportation b. Processing in urban farms, CBD buildings c. Processing in hub

Business district

Pig

Corn Cluster 1

Processing Food

73% Retail 18%

fish

Cluster 3 Beef

Owns the production factories of internationally renowned FMCG brands such as Zara and HM

+ +

9% Tertiary Services

+

Relying on tourism as the main development industry

Recycle

Areas of food inequity 89%

City

Slum / Country

Garbage pollution Collection to transit stations and0.8-1.0g Non-hazardous treatment

+

Public Building

9% A wide range of available space on the building façade

City

Affluent area

Equitable distribution Slums

Production

1

Residential house

23%

Hen

Bioelectricity Proportion

Mainly staple foods, more homogenous Overseas

Type 5

Type 1

Type 2

Type 3

Type 4

Type 5

Type 1

Type 2

Type 3

Type 4

Type 5

Type 1

Type 2

Type 3

Type 4

Type 5

Unit 4

Unit 3

Unit Connection Method

Pig

Utilizing a wide range of component connections to meet the varying needs of different crop productions

Tea

Function analysis

fish

Farmland

Cluster 2 Crop

Corn

Potato

cocoa

coconut

Cluster 1 The political, economic and cultural center of the country, the richest region in the country

Cluster 2 Main tea-producing areas, poorer

Production

Mango

Grape

Onion

Banana

Unit 1

Unit 1

Unit 1

Unit 2

Unit 2

Unit 2

Unit 3

Unit 3

Production

Production

Production

Production

Production

Production

Processing

Processing / Storage

Unit 1

Unit 2

Unit 3

Unit 4

Unit 2

Unit 3

Unit 4

Unit 3

Unit 4

Production

Production

Processing / Storage

Retail

Production

Processing / Storage

Retail

Storage

Retail

+

+

+

+

N

P

C

K

S

+

Recycle

Processing

light-requiring

O

H

Cu

Fe

Cl

Crop

cocoa

Corn

Processing

Potato

kelp

Transport

Unit 1

Unit 2

Unit 3

Diversification of crop production

Diversification of crop production Ca S K C

Integrated processing and production sites

Slum / Country solar panel

Sub-production centers

N

P

Nutrient Fluid solar panel

Merchandise belt coconut

Production

Mn

= 4792KG

Cluster 3 Conclusion

solar panel energy transformation

Tea

Mn

Semi-shade-loving

Most of them are mainly family-based, with no integrated large-scale livestock production sites

Retail

+

Shade-loving

Production

Production City

+

Orange

Major Production center

Slum / Country Retail

+

Nutrient Fluid

Creating multifunctional and complex food production and transportation corridors

Retail

+

Ca

Grape

Transportation

Major sites for the production of shade and semi-shade loving plants

Unit 1

Green corridor

Processing

Retail

4

Important preliminary processing facilities for all types of vegetables and fruits

Production

Onion

Apple

Processing / Storage

3

Major sites for the production of shade and semi-shade loving plants

67%

Flat roofs are Small available sites suitable for exist around the planting perimeter of the building

Beef

2

Major sites for the production of diverse plants

Production capacity

24 %

Type 4

Unit 2

Unit 1

Most of them are mainly family-based

Protein bio-organic 40-60g fertilizer

Unit selection

Farm

Recycle

Biodiesel

Type 3

24%

Proximity to four urban-rural areas that are among the most productive rural production areas inTransportation the country

CityTransportation Slum / Country

Minerals

+

Mango

capital of Sri Lanka Sri Lanka's largest port

Office district

Rural residents

Type 2

Mirror 2

Most of the existing farmland is located on the periphery of residential settlements, and most of the crops grown UrbanUrban Rural are staple foods, with wheat corn, rice, etc.

CBD

Grape

32%

Tourism

Use of clean energy

2.100 3.700 0.600 0.600 2.100

2.100 2.100 3.700 0.600 0.600 2.100

Waterway

Tertiary

Secondary Manufacturing

Create New Transportation Pipelines With rice, coconut, corn, cassava, etc.

Fats as the main food

Type 1

Rotate

4 Original building onCluster site

Potato

Colombo

67 %

Retaining the original factory/farm

3.700 0.600 0.600 2.100

2.100 2.100 3.700 0.600 0.600 2.100

Railway

coconut

Waterway Tea

Representative kelp Crop producers are rice, Orange tea, and a variety of Highway tropical fruits.

50-75g

Distribution 2.100 15-25° 16h 90-150 550

27%

Proportion Optimize the original road network

Arrangement

Add multiple scales of production points from horizontal to vertical views.

Onion

Primary Agriculture

Tea

Crop

Urban area 19%

20-30g

Highway

Apple

Hen tropical fruits

Cellulose

2.100 2.100 3.700 0.600 0.600 2.100

Grass

Updated production sites

Sri Lanka Industrial structure

Primary BananaSecondary

Residents of urban & rural areas

Mirror 1

Creating small-scale Create sustainable connections between food supply chain different neighborCrop coconut cocoa Potato systems hoods to transfer food

Rural Production Capacity 9% 67%

Adobe

Plastic

Quantity

+

…

Tin

Additional production sites are required to meet the daily nutritional needs of the population

Area demanded

Traditional session

Morphological extraction

Hen Beef fish Pig Most of them are mainly family-based, with no integrated large-scale livestock production sites

Farmland

Bamboo

Wood

Conclusion

Sector

Vertical farming

3.700 0.600 0.600 2.100

25° ＞12h 6.0-7.0 110 40

Domestic

Pig

Decrease in acreage yield

City & country combination area

Block

Farm

Cluster 3 concrete

Brick

= 2400KG-2900KG

Urban-rural settlements are the most typical form of settlement in Sri Lanka.

9%

migration flow

Early warning and early action in food crisis risk monitoring 28%

Setting up several hydroponic vegetable racks

Local Architectural materials features

large-scale livestock production sites

Utilizing the roofs of original homes for food drying and Corn growing

Proportion blackouts

Updated session

Transportation

Recycle

Hen Terminal

pests and diseases

farmers' strike

Rural Area

Expansion of planting area by using building facades to build simple supports

Analysis of urban-rural ratios in Sri Lanka

27° Flexible, innovative value chains are well placed to adapt during crises, 2.100 6-8h 2.100 7.0-8.0 continuing to provide food security and support livelihoods 3.700 125 200

Waterway

Waterborne transportation occupies an important place

stock market decline

Slum Riot

foreign-exchange reserves

Highway

Total national road mileage has reached 185,000 km by 2020

Issues

Carbohydrate 360.00g

+

The traditional mode of food transportation in Sri Lanka relies mainly on road and water networks.

Bankruptcy in Sri Lanka

agriculture bans chemi-fertilizers

vitamins E 0.00080g

Sri Lanka Traditional Transportation Network

2022.4

Growing costs skyrocket

2.100 2.100 3.700 0.600 0.600 2.100

12.5-37° Production 2.100 ＞5h

MidOrange term

Citizens

vitamins C Food crisis President promotes organic 0.10000g

coconut the food system in Sri Lanka Updating Early stage

Such food problems are particularly acute in bankrupt Sri Lanka

2021.4

Economic crisis

2.100 2.100 2.100 0.600 0.600 2.100

2.100 2.100 3.700 0.600 0.600 2.100

vitamins B 0.00001g

shock resilience

2020

Security crisis

terrorist attack 1 24-27° in 2019 8-10h 5.0-6.0 125 150

300

2021

2.100 13-25° 2.100 terrorist attack ＞5h 3.200 5.5-6.8 0.600 Government deficit 50 0.600 Low 365tax revenues 2.100 massive money printing 20-30° 6-8h 4.5-5.5 125 180

400

8%

2000

Background on bankruptcy in Sri Lanka Affect

Vegetables $ fruits

9.8%

572

Building

Interior

Unit

Transportation

796

Strategy 1 —— Assemblable small unit generation

Design-oriented Existing production sites

Reinventing the Sri Lankan supply chain system at five different scales, using a pilot in an urban-rural area near the capital city of Colombo, and replicating model across the country Most the of them are mainly family-based, with no integrated fisheries industry

O

H

Cu

Mango

Apple

Go Orange Crop

Cluster 4

Home to many dairy Main fisheries production a well-develarea with a high concenChanging from a horizontal to a farms verticaland supply chain oped livestock industry tration of poor people system is necessary

Fe

Cl

Potato

Unit 1 Clean energy assistance in production

Unit 2 Clean energy assistance in production

od

st

rad

ing

pla

rr Co

Unit 4 Retail trading places

ap

rg

ido

ce

Strategy 22 —— —— Vertical Vertical Production Production Building Building Complex Complex Strategy Transportation: Pipe Pipe Transportation: 11

Fuctional analysis analysis Fuctional

Retail Retail

Clean water water transfer transfer pipe pipe Clean

water supply supply water

Collecting and and purifying purifying rainwater rainwater for for animal animal husbandry husbandry Collecting and plantations plantations and 22

Collecting and and purifying purifying Collecting rainwater rainwater

Waste Transportation Transportation Pipe Pipe Waste

Recycling of of waste waste generated generated in in the the manufacturing manufacturing Recycling and retailing retailing process process and 33

Piping structure structure Piping

Processing Processing

Sewage transportation transportation pipes pipes Sewage

Transportation Transportation Recycle Recycle

Step 1

22

Mango Mango

Corn Corn

Grape Grape

Apple Apple

Coconut Coconut

Banana Crop Crop Banana

Onion Onion

Forth Iteration

Low space utilization, mostly manual production 3

0.

25 K M

Building type type Building

Individual cluster with a radiant range of 500 m

11

After Utilization of existing redundant space and introduction of mechanized production 1

Divide the site into 16 0.25km*0.25km grids based on neighborhood scale

Plants Processing Processing // Storage Storage Plants

Raw material material washing: washing: the the fruits fruits are are washed washed to to remove remove Raw the dirt dirt and and impurities impurities on on the the surface. surface. the Grading: Fruits Fruits are are graded graded according according to to their their quality, quality, Grading: size, color color and and other other indicators indicators to to ensure ensure the the quality quality of of size, the product. product. the Peeling trimming trimming cutting, cutting, Rinsing Rinsing and and draining, draining, pickling pickling Peeling and baking, baking, packaging packaging and and storage storage and and many many other other and processes processes

Recycle Recycle

Undertake multiple multiple Undertake functions such such as as animal animal functions and plant plant production, production, and processing, transportation, transportation, processing, retailing, etc. etc. retailing,

Processing of of plant plant and and Processing animal products products animal produced on on the the upper upper produced floors for for transportation transportation floors to retail retail areas areas to

Individual cluster with a radiant range of 500 m

2

Residential Building Spotting

Recycle Recycle

Centralized sales sales area area Centralized

Biodiesel Biodiesel

consolidate and and sell sell consolidate

4

Creatures 9 Cluster definition as a production node

Step 3

Residential Building Spotting

Output

Step 4

Core production area formation

Final generation

Step 1

Connecting processing nodes

Undertake multiple multiple funcfuncUndertake tions such such as as plant plant and and tions animal production, production, processprocessanimal ing and and waste waste recycling. recycling. ing

Recycling of of waste waste from from Recycling production, processing processing production, and retail retail and

Central production production system system After： Central After：

Cutting 22 Cutting

11

Cooling 33 Cooling

Staple Transport Transport Layer Layer Staple Crop Crop

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Corn Corn

Calculation of shortest paths between different processing nodes using wool algorithm

Extracting the key morphology

Adjustment of the generated road network alignment according to the location of local settlements Bypassing the original dwellings

Freezing 55 Freezing

Updated farmland

Updated Ranch

Production

Space requirements

Agricultural Cultivation

Livestock breeding

Irrigated

Harvest

pluck

cocoa beans

Tea

Retail

Crop

Pipe Green corridor

Apple

Output waste

Recycle Biodiesel Bio-organic fertilizer Bioelectricity

Selection & Grading

Retail

Raw material washing

pickling & baking

Cutting & Packaging

Onion Onion

44

Transportation of of produced produced goods goods in in four four tiers tiers according according Transportation to the the conditions conditions required required for for food food storage storage to

Recycle

Rooftop drying of crops / meat

Storage and drying

Retail

Transportation

Processing

Rough Operation

Distribution

Fine Operation

Air-drying

Caw Caw

Hen Hen

Rich in a variety of micronutrients

Unit

Grading

Baking

Rinsing and draining

Pickling

1KM * 1KM pilot site

Potato kelp Mango

Interior

Colombo pilot city

Crop

Peeling

Freeze-drying

Building Sri Lanka

cocoa cocoa

Meat transport transport layer layer Meat Fish Fish

Supply chain

Rural-urban fringe

nationwide promotion

Apple

Orange Orange

Tea Tea

Finished product

Orange

Banana

Seafood 0.5*0.5*0.5 m³

Vegetable transport transport layer layer Vegetable

Enjoying Enjoying

Transportation

Storage

Plucking

Onion

Animal

99

Transportation

Orange

Plant

coconut

Potato Potato

coconut Apple Grape Apple Grape Banana coconut Banana Mango 33 Mango

88

Livestock breeding

Corn

Fruit transport transport layer layer 22 Fruit

Selling Selling

Central production system Pipe Green corridor

cocoa beans

Secondary building building Secondary

Using chicken chicken as as an an example, example, Shortening Shortening the the supply supply chain chain Using

Packeting Packeting

Process

Reinventing the Sri Lankan supply chain system at five different scales, using a pilot in an urban-rural area near the capital city of Colombo, and replicating the model across the country.

Recycle Recycle

Before： Overall Overall production production process process Before：

77

Production

Central production system Green corridor Original farmland

Grape

Electricity is is generated generated by by burning burning biomass biomass (dead (dead Electricity leaves, firewood, firewood, wood wood waste, waste, municipal municipal waste, waste, leaves, sewage manure, manure, etc.) etc.) or or its its derivatives. derivatives. sewage

Sorting Sorting

Vertical greening

Introduction of machines for automated production

Tea

Bioelectricity Bioelectricity

44

Production

Residential Building Spotting

bio-organic fertilizer fertilizer bio-organic

66

Pocessing Retail

Space utilization

Pipe Green corridor

Design Strategy Summary

Selling in in layers layers according according Selling to food food characteristics characteristics to

Centralized sales sales area area Centralized

Laboratory Laboratory Research Research

Production & Processing

Production

Transportation

Utilization of existing and new building facades for crop cultivation

Distribution area area Distribution

Distribution area area Distribution

Selection 11 Selection

Mainly function

Utilization of the roofs of some of the original buildings for meat drying and grain drying

Major building building Major

Processing // Processing Storage Storage

Using the the activity activity of of microorganisms, microorganisms, the the organic organic Using matter in in the the waste waste is is biologically biologically decomposed decomposed and and matter putrefied, so so that that the the organic organic waste waste is is transformed transformed putrefied, into organic organic fertilizer fertilizer raw raw materials. materials. into

33

Production

Roof dying

Use of clean energy sources such as wind, solar, water, etc.

The outermost outermost green green ring ring The is used used to to grow grow microalgae microalgae is

Through the the photosynthesis photosynthesis of of algae, algae, nutrients nutrients from from Through wastewater and and carbon carbon dioxide dioxide from from the the air air are are wastewater converted into into biofuels biofuels and and proteins. proteins. converted

22

The scope of poultry production is limited to farms, with a few family workshops

0.25 KM

Animals Processing Processing // Storage Storage Animals

Selling in in tiers tiers based based on on product product quality quality Selling

22

Traditional supply chains

Renewable supply chains

Original Ranch

3

Retail Retail 11

Overall Colombo Supply Chain System analysis

Tea Tea

Raw material material preparation: preparation: Choose Choose fresh, fresh, high-quality high-quality meat meat Raw Meat Processing: Processing: Including Including skinning, skinning, boning, boning, etc. etc.

Meat 22

Original farmland Crops are decentralized and separated from processing, retailing, etc.

Processing // Storage Storage Processing 11

Before

4

According to to the the charactercharacterAccording istics of of the the light light demand demand istics of the the plant, plant, itit is is divided divided of into three three layers layers of of producproducinto tion sites sites from from the the outside outside tion to the the inside inside to

Outdoor plants plants Outdoor Cocoa Orange Cocoa Orange

Third Iteration

Plants production production Plants

Plants production production Plants

Potato Potato

Second Iteration

44

Integrated animal animal Integrated production facility facility production

Pig Pig

Indoor plants plants Indoor

First Iteration

1 KM

Outdoor Animals Animals Outdoor Hen Hen

Production point analysis

Algorithmic iteration

1 K M

33

Collect and record information on residential buildings at a scale of 1km by 1km.

Animals production production Animals

Caw Caw

Step 2

Adaptation of the original space of the site for production and processing, creating a flexible supply chain system

0.5 KM

Animals production production Animals

Indoor Animals Animals Indoor

Building information collection & Block division

22

Harvesting energy energy for for power power Harvesting generation and and production production generation

Production Production 11

Strategy 4 — Renovation of the production space

Local residents' houses

11

Transportation of of fertilizers fertilizers Transportation

44

About 70% of Sri Lanka's territory is slums, and the country's wealth is concentrated in the Colombo area of the capital, where there is a wide gap between the rich and the poor

Production Production

Solar Coatings Coatings Solar

Manure: the the animal animal husbandry husbandry layer layer produces produces waste waste Manure: such as as hen hen dung dung and and cow cow dung, dung, which which is is dried dried and and such fermented in in the the pipeline pipeline and and then then transferred transferred to to the the fermented plant growing growing layer layer for for base base fertilizer fertilizer plant

Strategy 3 —— K-means Algorithm Generation Food System

Pig Pig

Pig

Cutting

Packeting and Storage

Transportation

Distribution

Block

2*2.5*1.5 m³

0m

250 m

500 m

Production + Processing + Retail + Storage + Recycle Processing + Recycle Processing

750 m

1000 m

Retail Modularized Production + Transportation

Hen 0.5*0.5*0.5 m³

Generate green corridors for food transfer, processing, and distribution consisting of four units with different functions, which will eventually be connected to form a green network to cover the entire design site.

Caw 2*2.5*1.5 m³

city & slum combination area

Areas of food poverty worldwide

Production Unit

Central production area

Assembled small unit components that perform the four functions of production, processing, transportation and retailing.

Raised plants and animals are processed and stored and then transported via horizontal and vertical conveyor belts to retail areas for local and foreign tourists' consumption. The waste produced is recycled through pipes and reused as energy for growing plants and animals.

Transportation System

Systems operate at different levels to transfer raw materials and processed food products.

02

Cooling Down

Creating a floating oasis on the sea away from the city Numerous Southeast Asian regions are undergoing an urbanization boom, with the proliferation of high-density buildings contributing significantly to the increased degree of heat island effect. Macau is a typical city that suffers from the heat island effect. This project creates an oasis floating on the sea for residents, including migrant workers, to revitalize the Macau region's ecological, economic, and human vitality.

Rendering 1

Rendering 2

Rendering 3

Creating Creating aa floating floating oasis oasis on on the the sea sea away away from from the the city city

vertical verticalgreening greening

Underwater support structure

Rendering 3 Perspective 1

Rendering 4 Perspective 2

World Trampling Accident Analysis

03

Trampling accident characteristics

Sutured wounds

Rigid walls

1m

+

1m Crowd Density composition characteristics psychological characteristics behavior characteristics security level

Heal the wounds and rejuvenate

Catalyst：design problems & lack of hardware facilities

HuMan

Machine

+

Medium

Perhaps GDP per capita and level of social development are significant factors.

Victims

Security Precautions Ability to control risks Site management ability

Premise: Crowds gather

What do you think of the fact that the majority of stampedes at mass events occur in Africa, West &South Asia ？

Police

Boost: Hazard sources appear around the site

+

Management Final: Inadequate emergency management

+

The economy and vitality of Itaewon Road in Seoul, South Korea, have been greatly affected after the world-shaking stampede.

The project aims to redevelop the road connection system in the area and construct new buildings that will perform their original functions daily and serve as critical nodes for evacuating people in the event of a disaster. In this way, a new look Itaewon will be rebuilt with a new and thriving economy.

Difficulty in launching rescue work

6-10 people /㎡

+ Parties

Surrounding Administrators people

Natural Environment Social Environment Nature of activities Sudden situation

Site type Site security level Site fire safety Site Infrastructure

Poor communication between groups

Itaewon's cultural background

Lack of limiting the flow

Incidence of stampede

Age

0—1 Infants

1—4

5 — 11

1、主要诱因：人群密度过高——6~10 人每平方米 12 — 18 19 — 35 36 — 59 60 — — Youngth The elderly 2、现场交流信息难度大——梨泰院坡道顶端的人不知道底端的 Ages 3、救援工作展开难——救援人员难以拔出被压在最底下的人 Female Male 4、女性及儿童死亡率较高 66.6 % 33.3 %

Gender

Deaths Deaths

Scenario Religious activities

Festivals

Sports Events

Charity Events

Political Activities

Cultural performances

Others

Analysis Mapping

Itaewon Facility Environment

Human flow at different region in Itaewon

Design-oriented Redesigned nodes Morphogenesis

Proyotype

Evacuation System axonometric drawing

Itaewon pathfinding finding-----simulation Itaewon path simulation I try to find an optimal planning path that connects these four nodes in series. After several I chosean to use the stickyplanning bacterium algorithm participate in my road design. four I attempts, try to find optimal pathtothat connects these

nodes in series. After several attempts, I chose to use the sticky bacterium algorithm to participate in my road design.

Space required for prevention of trampling accidents

Yoga space

Evacuation Corridor

Building 1. Original building

Installation of evacuation space by utilizing the roof of the original building

2. New building

Installation of multiple buildings with different functions

Monitoring Hall

Route 1. Original Vehicle routes Original main road mainly for vehicular traffic

2. Express escape routes

Provide quick access for evacuation in the event of a disaster

Identify Trampling accident-prone spots

3. Buffer Zone

4

2

Additional buffer zones around buildings for temporary evacuation of people

Art Gallery

Design conception Tandem connection points

Wool Algorithm

Extraction of main connection

Assemblies

1 3

Four Nodes

Fitness space

Using PSPL analysis, the four parcels of Itaewon Road with the highest amount of crowd gathering were identified

2

adjust

4

1

2

3

Final Generation

Block scale

3 1

Adding a longitudinal second floor walkway

4

Overview of event characteristics intersection

narrow roads

Muslim churches

clinic

At the intersection of Itaewon Road and Greensapyeong Road, near the subway entrance and surrounded by restaurants

Close to subway entrances and bus stops, narrow roads with many slopes

Close to Muslim churches, where there are daily group religious gatherings

The only clinic in the area near Itaewon Road, with some medical assistance

1、Main causative factor: high crowd density - 6~10 people/ ㎡ 2、Difficulty in exchanging information at the scene - people at the top of the Itaewon ramp didn‘t know that the bottom was being pressed and the stampede had occurred 3. Difficult to start rescue work - it was difficult for rescuers to pull out the people who were pinned at the bottom 4、High death rate of women and children

Dining hall

Master plan

Spatial issue Node 1 : Assembly Space

Zone A plan

Before

N 5m

Before bus stop Before

15m

5m5m15m 15m

30m

N N

30m 30m

subway station bus bus stop stop public service subway subway station station major retail public public service servicetrade

building trade major major retail retail trade old connection building building After old old connection connection After After interactive electronic screens The spacious interior space can accommodate a tremendous evacuated people in a short period. Used to hold gatherings or exhibitions daily.

space state Shelter Functions: Daily Functions

combined combined combined

parcled parcled parcled

Singing Singing cube Singing cube cube

Resting Resting Resting

semi-open semi-open semi-open

Relections Relections Relections

Human Human Human

0.81/

spacious spacious spacious

climbable climbable climbable

Contingency rounded corner Contingency Contingency rounded corner rounded corner

Dining Dining Dining

Exhibition Exhibition Exhibition

Jogging extened Joggingcube Jogging extened cube extened cube

Machine Machine Machine

Mediam Mediam Mediam

Management Management Management

Dispersing the crowd Dispersing the crowd Dispersing the crowd

Scrambling

0.100

rioting

0.100

falling

0.100

Moving behavior

0.127

Excessive Density

Scrambling, rioting, falling, etc. behavior

Crowd Management

Emergency management

Crowd Management

Emergency management

Valid —— 0.100 Invalid. —— 0.000

Good

Poor necessary activities Poor Lightning necessary activities necessary activities optional activities

Good Good

Unlimited flow chaotic management

0.055

Demographic composition

0.050

social activities social activities Material

0°

Medium 10°

Analyze existing risks at the site in conjunction with GPS

0.025 0.075

5°

15°

0.100

Pitch

0.040

0.100

0.080

0.060

Natural environment

0.055

Preserved wood

Brick

Steel

Stable —— 0.100 Abnormal —— 0

Panic, euphoria

p：crowd Kids

0.100

Women

0.075

Elderly people

0.050

Family

0.025

p ≥ 5% —— 0.100 0 < p ≤ 5% —— 0.000

0.100 Mountainous region

0.100 Thunder

Hilly area

Plains

0.025

0.050

0.075 Rainy

0.025

0.050

0.075

Woodland

Weather

0.100

Frosted Glass

Marble

influential —— 0.100 no influential —— 0.000 Topographic

Windy

Sunny

Harsh climatic conditions, geological hazards

high-risk terrain, inadequate lighting…

Assembly Hall Facilities

Safety exit Safety exit

Facilities

Risk control capabilities

0.031

Evacuation routes & signs

Stabilization —— 0.100 Abnormal —— 0.000

0.038

Information communication

Evacuation routes / signs

Adequate —— 0.100 Inadequate —— 0.000

0.026

Information communication

adequate —— 0.100 inadequate —— 0.000

0.019

adequate —— 0.100 inadequate —— 0.000

Terminal

Machine Testing flow Testing flow Testing flow

Attracting people Attracting people Attracting people

Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring

Damage to facilities causing accidents

Monitoring

Insufficient or closed

Evacuation routes are occupied, No device to deliver evacuation messages immediately no safety directional signs

I = overall score Combine the scores from the above risk analysis to arrive at a total score to assess and classify the risk level of the site Provide warning Provide warning Provide warning

Delivering information Delivering information Delivering information

Exhibition Hall Provide warning Provide warning Provide warning

Level 1 Fitness space

Exhibition Hall Exhibition Hall

Assembly Hall Assembly Hall

Fitness space Fitness space

Dining Hall Dining Hall

Exhibition Hall

Assembly Hall

Fitness space

Dining Hall

Outbreak

Natural Environment

0.020 0.050

Depressed

Vulnerable groups with weak mobility and security awareness

Road Material: Selection of materials with high coefficient of friction

Road Slope

Thrilled

Demographic composition

Inadequate emergency measures

influential —— 100 no influential —— 0

Scared

0.098

v ≥ 0.5m⁄s and with

Speed differences, hedging against crowds

Artificial Environment Artificial environment

Velocity difference

≥ 0.75

Measures required

Unusually severe, requiring immediate evacuation

Level 2 0.50 ≤ I ＜0.75

Measures required

Serious, requiring increased vigilance and strict control

Level 3 0.25 ≤ I ＜0.50

Level 4 0.15 ≤ I ＜0.25

Measures required

Measures required

serious and needs to be closely monitored

normal precaution

Scenario

Practical application scenarios of electronic interactionscreens in the event of a disaster

Ordinary

Emotion: Dizzy

Psychological characteristic

0.100

strong —— 0.100 weak —— 0.000

0.055

v: moving speed

opposing footfalls

Yes —— 0.100 No —— 0.000

0.000

Psychological characteristic

Risk Level

temporary shelter

Return to daily functions daily functions Return to daily functions

Behavior

Management

Poor

Outbreak Outbreak Outbreak

Terminal Terminal Terminal Return to

0.120

(p-0.71)/1.42

Overall score

Sound

Unusual Behavior

0.100

p ≥ 2.13 p/m2

p ≤ 0.71 p/m2

1.00

isolated isolated isolated

p：crowd density

scenario

Moving behavior

Unusual Behavior

0.71 ≤ p ≤ 2.13 p/m2

Human

Dining Hall

Provide temporary Provide shelter temporary shelter Provide

Randomly distributed in all corners of the site, to play a temporary shelter role, usually used for rest or assembly.

0.167

Risk vulnerability

optional activities optional activities social activities

Accident Accident Stage Accident Stage Stage Initial Initial Initial

Node 4 : Scattered Shelters

Crowd density

risk tolerance

Shelter Functions: Evacuation Functions

The intricate combination of building blocks enhances the interest of the tour and is in line with its daily function of hosting cultural exhibitions.

Crowd density

Detecting the causes of accidents

0.066

removable removable removable

Node 3 : Cultural Space

Setting up interactive electronic screens at different scales to deliver timely information to the public and administrators to prevent stampede accidents

Judgement value Risk analysis Risk analysis

interactive electronic screens

space state space state

Daily use as a dining and sports space to stimulate local economic development.

Attracts large crowds in the short term in the event of an accident

Judgment value

Location Location

interactive electronic new connection interactive electronic screens screens new connection new connection

Node 2 : Commercial Space

Zone A

Interactive Interactive monitoring Monitoring

Operating Screen

04 Jungle Wonderland Preservation and Reconstruction of Rural Historic Heritage The Liuqing River runs through the site, creating wild natural scenery. However, there are problems like severe aging, low occupancy of public green space, no one to inherit the traditional culture, and a need for a slow walking system. In response, three spots, namely the Bird Watching Pavilion, landscape-forest, and the Liuqing Cultural Institute, were constructed to unite four groups: tourists, local government, farmers, and foreign researchers, in order to boost local economic development while preserving and reconstructing the poetic rural cultural and historical heritage like oil paintings.

Human Perspective

Building Perspective Diverse corridor bridges linking both sides of the road

Block Perspective Diverse and functional buildings provide shelter in the event of a disaster

Geographic location analysis

· western block

China

Zhejiang province Wenlin City Daxi Town

Daxi is located on the southeast coast of Zhejiang Province. It's a solid economic town northwest of Wenling City and the southwest gate of Taizhou City.

Eco-conservancy

· central block

0min Lu ds 3 Qiao roa al Ze Guo

Road logistics service area

Sp ban Ur

SITE

SITE

General trading area

Na tur al m oun tain

Huang Yan

· eastern block

· southern block

Yu Huan

Idyllic Habitat

Historical Analysis

Yue Qin

Regional analyisis

ev

el

Railway Station

SITE

Population

New Town Recreation Area

Wen Lin

Gateway Hub

District Division

lD atia

Population Distribution

Traffic isochronous circle

Old Town Renewal Area

Ec oGr Indusrial zone een Be lt a lon g th e ri v er

Residential area

U rb

Environment

Population ageing, loss of young Lack of public green space adults and weak cultural heritage of humanities and history

an Sp atial Deve lopment Axis

Site functional analysis

Industries

Transportation

Daxi Town was named after the Daxi River, which was built in the Southern Song Dynasty by Wang Jiu'an, a minister of the Ministry of Public Works.

Ming and Qing dynasties belonged to the sixteen counties, and the Republic of China began to merge into Daxi Township.

Population analysis

3

Natural

online apps

Finance

licy

Po

&

ial

c an

fin

he

gt

in nc

Poli

cy &

rt

po

sup

ary

or

t sec

Government Boost

ast

ing

prim

ruc tur

ed

the

eve

loc al e

lop me

nt

con o

walking

baseball

cycleing

tennis

· Preserving natural texture

my

economic income generation

Agricultural work experience ntif

rov

ic p

rod

idin g th

uct

ion

ece

ssit

ies

Tourist

ck

a db

e

tec hniq

cal

s

tic o lo ris int acte ing char pp Ta ural lt cu Fe

ues

of li

fe

Food supply

2 Liuqing Village

5 2

4

Health & Wellness

Communication

Income

Transportation

1

Better life

Taner wang village

1

g

in

Fr

t ui

ow Gr

e as

E-commerce

B

Environment analysis Nature + Humanities Public green space No enough public cultural spaces 0.89 ㎡ / per

4

1

Automatic Harvester

Online agricultural sales apps yoga

Reports

E-commerce

experiment

Concert

Cultural leisure

Influences

· Promote local economic development

· Create a dynamic slow-vehicle system

Measures

Natural

napping

· Preserving natural texture of the original site · Preservation & Reconstruction of rural histotical heritage

Myrica rubra

Reprogramming of rural functions

Agricultural experiencing

change the fabric 1 Landscape infrastructure

· Promote local economic development

1. Increase in viewing space 2. Increase in walking trails

3

3. Increase in community public green space 4. Increase accessibility to the forest 2

Transpotation analysis 4

Liuqing Village in Daxi Town is surrounded by a number of natural scenic areas with good landscapes, but mostly undeveloped

Section A—A‘

Fewer routes on the pedestrian scale, and mostly dirt roads built by villagers, need more standardized management.

P o o r lightning

L a r g e amount of household garbage

Economic

Mordern Agriculture

Slow-Vehicel Jogging

Transportation

1. pedestrian-vehicle separation 2. Grading of roads 3

Rich variety of vegetation

Health & Wellness

Food supply

Scie

Farmer P

infrastruction

infr

Researchers& Children's education

Researcher

3

Industrial Zone

SPOT2 SPOT3

Improving landscape infrastructure

B&B

TV

Liuqing Reservoir

2

Design ketwords

Mordern Agricutural

en

Section A-A'

Natural

SPOT1

＋ Mechanized production

pad&pc

Liuqing temple

Cultural leisure

Health&Wellness：

Stakeholder

Agriculture + Animal Husbandry + Manufacturing

5

Buddhist Culture

A residential and recreational industry model that caters to the leisure and holiday needs of older people, based on green rural landscapes and agricultural experiences.

Natural：Landscape Ecology

va

1

· Preser vation & Reconstruction of rural histotical heritage

Utilizing acupuncture-style techniques to revitalize villages

The sum of the material outcomes and dukkha relationships that humans develop through leisure activities.

Ad

Industries analysis

Scenorio

An industrial system that i n t e g r a t e s r u r a l p r i m a r y, s e c o n d a r y, a n d t e r t i a r y industries using modern material conditions and equipment.

Cultural leisure：

Green Energy

Total population 976, 296 households. Majority of the elderly population and significant loss of young labor force.

Site Photos

Mordern Agriculture：

The widespread use of digital tech and the resulting fundamental changes in the overall economic environment.

Mostly labor-intensive traditional R o a d s a r e c o n f u s i n g l y industries, lack of e-economy oriented to groups and lack integrated with the Internet slow paths for pedestrians and cyclists

Hydroelectric power plants

Redesigned Master plan

E-Commerce: eco -gr een bel t me nt A xis

wa y2

· northern block Factory Gathering Place

in 0m

Ge ne r

Highw ay 30 m i Hig h

n

Design strategy

Existing Problems

Towns & Cities Lin Hai

op

Location

1

Increase in the area of public green space

Spot1: scenic spot

2

Adaptation of theoriginal Processing industry spaces

3

Night lighting

Construction of Cultural communication research sites

Spot3: exhibition hall

Spot2: landscape-forest

1 . E - c o m m e rc e e c o n o m y f o r agricultural products 2. Modern agriculture, storage and processing, wisdom

E-commerce

Photographing slow-walking system

3. Growing local specialty crops Residential

4

5 Disorganized road network

Too Narrow only one-way traffic

Cultural

1. Setting up universities, Buddhist cultural institutes 2. Setting up agricultural experience activities

Wooden Platform

Cultural leisure

Lounge area

· Create a dynamic slow-vehicle system

1| Scenic spot & waterfront sidewalk

1| Scenic spot

1| Scenic spot

The elemental texture of the whole site evolves and develops based on the cascade of the Daxi River and its internal tributaries. Villages are mainly created along the sides of the main river. So, this platform was chosen to create a place for villagers and tourists to stay and enjoy leisure—for example, birdwatching.

View platform waterfront sidewalk

Aquatic birds

Aquila

Corvus

Passer montanus

Hirundo rustica

3| TOD System

Anas Platyrhynchus

Cygnus cygnus

Terrestrial birds

Gallus gallus

Pavonini

2| Ecological Landscape forest The Liuqing Reservoir and the Liuqing Cultural Institute border the existing landscape forest. Several footpaths and seating areas are provided within the natural 1| waterfront sidewalk landscape forest, and wooden walkways and viewing platforms are provided along Walking, biking, and vehicular diversion, Creating a vibrant, landscaped, slow-moving trail system the waterfront of the forest to provide a recreational and healing space for locals, researchers, and visitors.

Before

After

Vision: Plants Redesign Hydrocotyle vulgaris

Aquatic Plants

Nymphaea tetragona

Autumn

Wisteria sinensis

Vines

Campsis grandiflora

Shrubs Jasminum nudiflorum

Fatsia japonica

Malus spectabilis Michelia figo Ligustrum sinense 'Variegatum'

Metasequoia glyptostroboides Cinnamomum camphora

2

3

Lagerstroemia indica

Osmanthus Fragrans

Small arborvitae

Acer buergerianum

Large arborvitae| deciduous

Mangnolia grandiflora

Salix babylonica

Spring

A splendid place to study the living of the village's culture and the unique natural, ecological, and cultural landscape of the region is the establishment of the Liuqing Cultural Institute in the local Binhu area. The facade of the Institute is made of wood, with gardens in the center of the building envelope and on the roof, effectively integrating the building into nature.

Anser cygnoides

Amphibian birds

1

3| Integrated Cultural Institute

Zelkova serrata

4

5

Ginkgo biloba

Styphnolobium japonicum

6

7

Summer

2| Ecological Landscape forest

8

9

fall

Large arborvitae| evergreen

Liriodandron chinensis

10

11

12 Winter

Rooftop Farm

Country Concerts

Transportation

Country Markets

Exihibition

Tourist Essentials Rental

Modeling

Photography See the light (Individual)

Winter (Individual)

05

Wolverine (C4D/ Individual)

From a Stone (Individual) A stone is selected, enlarged, and hypothesized as a design site.

Determine its topographic contour based on the inherent undulations of the stone, and design the space from the three functions of recreation, observation, and habitation.

STEP 1 STEP 2

Other work

Mountainous (Group Work) Inspired by traditional Chinese landscape paintings, spider webs, netting, and wooden sticks are the essential elements to create a small-scale landscape sculpture model with the help of light and shadow effects. manufacturing process

Select a rock and Determine the function of these parcels based feel its ebb & flow on undulation

Vibrant Plaza

Major Vitality device —— Vibrant lines

Functional division Vibrant lines

Parking area

Group Work

1 Connection Entrance to the venue to draw the eye

2

Sound Gazebo

Special structure to generate echoes

5 3 Vibrant Stage Frame Creating height Conduct of major differences to public events increase the tour enjoyment

6

non-powered play

waterslide

7 Jungle Seat Decentralized small spaces for communication and recreation with a view

Scenario Rendering Tourist Route

8 non-powered play Water-friendly kiddie rides

Cultural areas

Re-energizing the Westlake Waterfront Plaza

Children's activity area

As a prominent urban public space in Hangzhou, the West Lake Waterfront Plaza is an essential urban livingroom, to showcase the city's cultural identity. However, due to the aging landscape facilities, the design approach begins with four fundamental aspects: spatial layout, green landscape, water design, and activity facilities. We aim to establish a dynamic straight line connecting each landscape node, creating a more open, fluid, and layered urban space that can attract people of all ages and backgrounds.

Recreation area

Double-decker footbridge, under the corridor for cycling, the second level as a pedestrian walkway

skywalk

Parametric curtain wall

Bubble grass slope at the entrance

Large-scale water-friendly installations that Vitality Stage for livehouses and other attract children to play and splash around events

Major Functional division

Morphogenesis Physical Model STEP 3

Actual light and shadow effect

Determination of spatial patterns Plaza Mapping

STEP 4

Sakura (Individual)

Concept The Vitality Line takes the Vitality Stage in the center of Vitality Singularity Plaza as the starting point, as the starting point of the entire site's vitality to the entire periphery of the p l a z a , c o n n e c t i n g s e v e r a l Semi-open installation space for people to Semi-open installation space for people to small and medium-sized vitality play and enhance the fun of the site play and enhance the fun of the site installations inside the site, passing through the site to the east and west, radiating to the periphery, and leading to the vitality of the plaza's vicinity and even the entire city's vitality.

Physical Model

West Lake (Individual)

Water Friendly Wooden Trail

Major Functional nodes

Painting

Individual

Center Vitality Plaza Section

Oil paintig

Oil paintig

Watercolor painting

Oil paintig

Bubble grass slope

Waterfront Glass Trail Enhances HumanWater Interaction

Carefully selected tree species have been Nighttime plaza lighting planted in the landscape forest to increase the enjoyment of the visit.

Water view of the square at night

Stores line the first floor under the sidewalk

waterside corridor

Bubble grass slope lit up at night

C O N N E C T I O N H

E

Q

I

Z

H

E

N