MILK THISTLE LUKE NGUYEN, STUDENT PHARMACIST, SPRING 2022
Other common names: Mary thistle, holy thistle, variegated thistle Scientific names: Silybum marianum, Carduus marianus
BACKGROUND Milk thistle is native to the Mediterranean region and was
Hepatoprotection in cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis Diabetes Indigestions (dyspepsia) Gallbladder disorders Allergic rhinitis/asthma Dyslipidemia Amanita mushroom poisoning Cancer treatment– related adverse effects
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brought to North America by early
colonists. It is found in the eastern U.S., California, South America, Africa, Australia, and Asia. Silybum Marianum is a flowering herb related to the ragweed and daisy family. This herb grows up to 5 feet in height and flowers from June to September. The herb itself and its dried seeds are used in preparation to extract an active antioxidant ingredient called Silymarin. Milk thistle is marketed for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and CNS effects.
COMMON USES
PHARMACOLOGY
The possible antioxidant mechanisms of silymarin include: Prevention of free radical formation via inhibition of ROS‐producing enzymes Free radicals scavenger Ion chelation in the intestine Promotion of the synthesis of protective molecules, and activation of antioxidant enzymes. The active ingredient is called Silymarin It is composed of a complex of flavonolignans, fatty acids, proteins, and other compounds. Silymarin is poorly soluble in water.
DOSAGE FORMS Capsule Caplet Tablet Tea bag Oral tincture IV solution
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TYPICAL DOSING Daily dose: 420 mg/day orally in divided doses for up to 41 months Cirrhosis: 140 mg three times daily for 6-8 weeks, then a maintenance dose of 280 mg daily Mushroom poisoning, oral or IV infusion: 33 mg/kg/day Indigestion: 3.5 g of crushed milk thistle seed with 150 mL of boiling water three times a day before meals 101