SEM02 2022 STUDIO 11 MONO LITHIC
tutor Chris Barnett
KIARA M RUSTAMAN 1000569
exploring the role of social housing in the 21st century lens
DESTIG MA TIZING PUB LIC HOU SING DESTIG MA
HOU SING
CON TEXT + SUM MARY
How to address isolation in community and de-stigmatize public housing to welcome new relations that fit into the urban fabric ?
the global, national, regional challenge with community in public housing. the site analysis.
social housing: the 21st century stigma.
traditional ecological knowledge for the resilient social house. in praise of timber.
the site: the communal garden in light of traditional ecological practice ?
four radical principles fit into communal and ecological system.
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simultaneously answering housing and environmental crisis. the proposal: in development
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1the global, national, regional challenge with community in public housing.
The housing topic will always remain an on-demand matter as well as one that influence grows with population. However, rapid, solitary structures that has become the common response would often come with the expense of social alienation and environmental degradation. Research states that population growth is the main cause of emissions1 but buildings – the solution to density, accounts for nearly-50% of global Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions annually2 ; creating an environmentally-harmful cycle. Correspondingly, a global net-zero initiative is set by 20503 but the challenge remains with growth heading towards 9.74 billion by 20504 with a 2.4% increase on global migrations by 20405. It is to say therefore, that housing should not only incorporate lone sustainable solutions but has to become local ecological responses; existing symbiotically with the ecosystem and people.
1 Shi, Anqing. “Population growth and global carbon dioxide emissions.” Development research group the world bank. Published June 2001.
2 UN Environment and International Energy Agency. “Global Status Report 2017.” United Nations Environment Programme. Published 2017. https://www.worldgbc.org/news-media/global-status-report-2017
3 Green Building Council Australia. “GBCA backs new global vision for net zero carbon by 2050”. GBCA. Published September 24, 2019. https://new.gbca.org.au/news/gbca-media-releases/gbca-backs-new-global-vision-net-zero-carbon-2050.
4 Roser, Max. “Future Population Growth.” OurWorldInData. Modified November 2019. https://ourworldindata.org/future-populationgrowth
5 Australian Government Center for Population. “ 2.4% increase on global migrations by 2040.” Net Overseas Migration. Accessed August 15, 2022. https://population.gov.au/population-topics/topic-overseas-migration.
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In the case of public housing, the architecture has the potential to become a sustainable medium for delivering accommodations catering for density as well as learning tools promoting socio-environmentally conscious practices to its residents and surroundings. However, often unjust government policies lead to isolation in public housing6 and culture stigma that steers the community away from being welcomed into the existing social system. Hence the reason for architecture to put emphasis on locality through Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) in an attempt to include public housing to become one with the urban fabric.
6 Raynor, Katrina. “Victoria’s $5.4bn Big Housing Build: it is big, but the social housing challenge is even bigger.” The Conversation. Published November 18, 2020. https://theconversation.com/victorias-5-4bn-big-housing-build-it-is-big-but-the-social-housingchallenge-is-even-bigger-150161
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Figure 1. Park Towers in South Melbourne, 2022.
how does the building industry relate to ...
POPULATION GROWTH
Figure 2. Our World in Data, [Population growth is set to reach 9.74 billion by 2050.], n.d.
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Figure 3. Victoria State Government, [Predicted net migration in Victoria.], 2019.
ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION ? &
To house our existing and growing population affordably and with dignity, we need to build over 2.4 trillion square feet globally, which is the equivalent of adding one New York City to the planet every month for the next 40 years.
- Chakrabarti,V., 2022
“..., while cement (an essential element for concrete manufacturing) is extremely detrimental to the greenhouse effect and climate crisis –representing about 8% of global CO2 emissions
.... emissions from the construction sector would need to be reduced by 16% in order to reach the goals of the Paris Agreement by 2030; while it is estimated that global cement production will increase to more than 5 billion tons by 2050.”
“After water, concrete is the most widely used substance on Earth. If the cement industry were a country, it would be the third largest carbon dioxide emitter in the world with up to 2.8bn tonnes, surpassed only by China and the US.”
...concrete is said to be responsible for 4-8% of the world’s CO2
- Watts, J. (2019) - Souza, E. (2022) Figure 4. Daily Overview, [Satellite image of Plasticulture or Greenhouses, Almeria, Spain.], 2014.5. what does population growth do to the environment?, 2022.
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Figure
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Figure 6. Harimao Lee, [Forest Island in Guangzhou, China.], n.d.
This thesis argues ...
that adopting Traditional Ecological Knowledge into public housing practice(s) will introduce resilient social and ecological layers that harmonize the community with its context.
It proposes to re-characterise the existing typology of an anti-social structure into a mixed-use accommodation for low to mid-income residents.
It is argued that this approach can support the residents’ confidence and self-esteem through expressing themselves in customisation of modular units; develop mutual trust by joining communal programs; encouraging involvement of the general public with continuous landscape porosity and repurposable structure for utility and longevity.
Ultimately, it becomes a proposition to destigmatize public housing; equalizing differences between social groups and creating a ‘welcoming system’ for new communities entering municipalities.
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Figure 7. Park Towers in South Melbourne on a sunny day, 2022.
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the site: analysis
Park Towers, South Melbourne.7
address 332 Part Street constructed 1967-69 category
Residential: apartment designer Roy Prentice (Housing Commission of Victoria)
construction regular fenestration, metalframed casement sashes with curved bars, concrete panels, coloured white receding bays, red projecting bays; textured finish is exposed white aggregate.
30-storey block of flats build of load bearing pre-cast concrete panels and slabs. historically, is the most celebrated block of high-rise during its 1960s slum clearance regime. sitting on a 3-acre landscale block within an otherwise close-ly grained urban area.
7 City of Port Philip. “City of Port Philip Heritage Review.” Port Philip. Accessed August 12, 2022. https://www.portphillip.vic.gov.au/media/mrcfvn1q/14-pphr-v33-vol-5-september-2020-part-3.pdf
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Figure 8. Park Towers east front entrance, 2022.
9. context analysis of Park Towers in South Melbourne, 2022.
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Figure
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Figure 10. Demographic data (top), residents public housing survey (bottom), 2022.
SOUTH
WEST
NORTH
EAST
Figure 11. Nearmaps, [isometric projections], 2022.
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Figure 12. Park Towers East facade, 2022.
VICTORIANHERITAGEREGISTER
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Figure 13. Macro analysis, 2022.
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Figure 14. Section from carpark, tower and reserve, 2022.
15. Environmental analysis, 2022.
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Figure
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Figure 16. Ladybug Analysis, 2022.
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Figure 17. spatial analysis of Park Towers in South Melbourne, 2022.
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social housing: the 21st century stigma.
Stigma may as well be cyclical and require large-scale government revisions, though this cycle may be intervened by a systems-based design.
Arguably, stigma comes from homogeneous, poorlydesigned physical environments – from preferential government policy8, that fosters ‘above-average social problems’9. Consequently, society then sees public housing as ‘problematic’ establishments, discouraging new communities from entering the labor market. Additionally, stigma fosters inferiority that compares private homeowners – resulting in fewer subsidies10 and less incentivised future development along with stricter policy changes.
However, due to unavoidable legislative power11, the community – conditioned to think helplessly, are stripped off their will for action. While some argue that these government-induced social groups can be supported by mixing public and private housing12 , the response needs to balance with social design to encourage positive attitude towards differences in community. Here, systems based thinking by adaption of urban and ecological symbiotic design may promote attachments with locale –encouraging familiarity between social groups and foster positive awareness.
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Figure 18.
how does architecture play a part in addressing anti-social behaviour around public housing and re-connect privatepublic communal everydady lives, shifting it away from impacts of government restrictions ?
Cycle of public housing stigma, as caused by the government, 2022.
8 Sisson, Alistair. and Chatterjee, Pratichi. “Why public housing is stigmatized and how we can fix it.” The Conversation. Published August 7, 2020. https://theconversation.com/why-public-housing-is-stigmatised-and-how-we-can-fix-it-142913
9 Raynor, Katrina, “Victoria’s $5.4bn Big Housing Build: it is big, but the social housing challenge is even bigger.”
10 Sisson, Alistair. and Chatterjee, Pratichi, “Why public housing is stigmatized and how we can fix it.”
11 Sennet cited in Raynor, Katrina, “Victoria’s $5.4bn Big Housing Build: it is big, but the social housing challenge is even bigger.”
12 May, Catriona. “Melbourne’s housing crisis and homelessness.” Pursuit. Published June 20, 2018. https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/ articles/melbourne-s-housing-crisis-and-homelessness
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“Strength lies in differences, not in similarities”
- Stephen R. CoveyFigure 19. Adam Morse. [72 hours in Kowloon, Hong Kong.] n.d.
traditional ecological knowledge for the resilient social house.
As per said, the public house has the potential to become a sustainable social medium through adaptation of lowimpact traditional practices. Nevertheless, mixing state-run housings with private homes may merge communities13, hostility will persist in monotonic-uninspired typologies. As an attempt to re-define social housing, TEK’s ideology persists to re-harmonize with ecology14 – restoring natureinspired ‘traditional’ knowledge to integrate with advancing technologies. Evidently, these ideologies deeply roots in its locale; in people and place, existing far before the advent of the anthropocene – therefore an approach that is not limited to the human-centered fundamentals but also environmentally conscious.
13 Barker and Goel stated in Raynor, Katrina, “Victoria’s $5.4bn Big Housing Build: it is big, but the social housing challenge is even bigger.”
14 Watson, Julia. Lo-TEK: Design by Radical Indigenism (Italy: Taschen, 2019), 20.
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20. Traditional Ecological Knowledge as applied questions in public housing, 2022, adapted from Lo-TEK.
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Figure
traditional ecological knowledge for the resilient social house.
In order to reconnect with the system, architecture has to simultaneously bridge between activating complex interrelationships15 in nature and cultivating social capital16. Likewise, social tangency may be recharacterised through principles of honor, trust, honesty and humility17; key values extracted from the historical locale. In which in turn addressess the anti-social house that previously in habit ignores local elements18. Respectively, this systems approach uses low-impact sustainable solutions19; exploring decarbonization schemes in the era of contemporary design and planning. Nonetheless, re-visiting the social house with local-centered principles that may perhaps better connect the community and the building to the system, even more so for the upcoming future.
15 Reed, Bill. “Shifting from ‘sustainability’ to regeneration.” Building Research and Information: next generation sustainable construction 35, no.6 (Sep 2017): 674-680, https://doi.org/10.1080/09613210701475753
16 Putnam cited in Raynor, Katrina, “Victoria’s $5.4bn Big Housing Build: it is big, but the social housing challenge is even bigger.”
17 Turner, Nancy, Cuerrier, Alain and Joseph, Leigh. “Well grounded: indigenous peoples’ knowledge, ethnobiology and sustainability.” People and nature 4, no.3. (March, 2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10321
18 Lewis, Roger. K. “How to overcome challenges the housing world is facing now.” Washington Post. Published July 18, 2022. https:// www.washingtonpost.com/business/2022/07/18/how-overcome-challenges-housing-world-is-facing-now/
19 Rosenberg, Heather. and Sperry, Raphael. “How design can help ensure all communities benefit from climate adaptation.” Archdaily. Published July 22, 2022. https://www.archdaily.com/985768/how-design-can-help-ensure-all-communities-benefit-from-climateadaptation?ad_source=search&ad_medium=projects_tab&ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all
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21. welcoming community into the social urban fabric, 2022.
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Figure
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in praise of timber.
In addition to its’ warming and aesthetic value, timber has come a long way in preparation to decrease the carbon-consumption of the future built industry. Multiple projects have advocated for the use of timber in forms of engineered glulam, CLT etc. in hopes of re-formating the need for concrete or steel components in structural buildings. Likewise, while it may not be as common a practice as low-rise residential, the application of timber in high-rise constructions is rapidly evolving - along with sustainable minded practices. This gradual ‘plyscraper’ phenomenon has positioned itself like that of geothermal and photovoltaics just a decade ago20 - a theme of focus for future practitioners.
Despite the common misconception, wood buildings may present more benefits than once thought. For one, CLT trumps the fire hazard by its’ perpendicular build and instead chars. 21 Other than that, on top of being lightweight transport, flexible, high in longevity and less risk to contamination, the low carbon cycle of timber in the locale, poses less to no risk towards the environment.
20 Osborne, Catherine. “The rise of timber tower.” Azure. Published March 22, 2018. https://www.azuremagazine.com/article/ plyscrapers-timber-towers-green-skyscrapers/.
21 Green Spec. “Crosslam timber / CLT- Fire resistance and rating.” Accessed October 20, 2022. https://www.greenspec.co.uk/ building-design/crosslam-timber-fire-resistance-and-rating/#: :text=One%20of%20the%20major%20advantages,30%2C%20 60%20and%2090%20minutes.
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Figure 22. Paul Raftery, [Maison Edouard Francois’ social housing complex shows insulation on the outside to eliminate thermal bridging], 2010.
in praise of timber: on materiality + expression
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Figure 23. Anagram Architects, [anagram architects completes curvilinear residential building in new delhi], 2017.
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Figure 24. Francisco Noguiera and Michael Sieber, [Freebooter Housing / GG-loop], 2019.
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Figure 25. Shim Sutcliffe Architects, [The Integral House], 2009.
the site: the communal garden in light of traditional ecological practice ?
Even though that the existing structure are built with light-weight concrete elements, there seems to persist the practices that wants to relate to nature. These social practices is highlighted foremost in the existence of communal gardens; arguably the most communal practice happening on site. Nevertheless, it still serves disadvantages as ‘safety’ requires the garden to be caged away from the surrounding urban context; limiting any engagement that may happen in this premise.
Other than that, there can also be seen micro-engagements with the locale where shaded seating spaces was allowed artistic murals.
These few areas of nature and locality, though provided, have yet brought out the community to engage with one another - an issue possibly to be addressed in scale and accessibility ?
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Figure 26. conceptual sketch diagram for community reach, 2022.
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27. Outdoor seating area with landscape art in, 2022.
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Figure
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Figure 28. Communal Garden in Park Towers Reserve, 2022.
four radical principles fit into communal and ecological system.
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how does traditional-ecological design thinking re-construct community connections and re-define the social house ?
answering isolation / estrangement with selfworth in modularity.
trust as the intervention into diversity.
transparent themes in practice that ensures honesty.
humility for future adaptation.
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answering isolation / enstrangement with selfworth in modularity
It can be said that dominant government limitations do not act within the interest of arriving social groups. Though, ironically high-funded, the scheme persists to produce monotonous structures that robs communities off confidence. While, it is argued that social problems may come from over-individualistic tendencies22 , dignity for expressions remain fundamental for one to regain self-worth. For example, 85 social dwelling in Cornelia23 consists of modular units that create flexible, non-gendered space that in turn gives the tenants a sense of agency. In public housing this may involve the ability to customise plans, moveable walls, designs for disassembly etc. that can allow expression and decrease unfamiliarity towards the changing demographics.
22 White, Mark D. “Individuals are social, bur are we social enough ?.” Psychology today. Published September 29, 2019. https://www. psychologytoday.com/us/blog/maybe-its-just-me/201909/individuals-are-social-are-we-social-enough
23 Coulleri, Agustina. “85 Social Dwellings in Cornellà / Peris+Toral.arquitectes.” Archdaily. https://www.archdaily.com/976936/85social-dwellings-in-cornella-peris-plus-torarquitectes.
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29. examining and extracting the existing modular grid, 2022.
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Figure
85 Social Dwellings in Cornellà / Peris+Toral.arquitectes
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Figure 30. Hevia, Jose, [85 Social Dwelling in Cornella.], 2021.
31. Structure, volume and threshold analysis in 85 Social Dwellings, 2022.
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Figure
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Figure 32. Hevia, Jose, [Spatial interiors of 85 Social Dwelling in Cornella.], 2021.
trust as the intervention into diversity.
Communal activities should be at the heart of society in order to encourage strong positive relationships. Undoubtedly, new communities are disadvantaged, one due to government pressure for legibility24 and even more so when they are socially exiled from society. Therefore, joint communal initiatives tailored into public housing such as co-operative gardens, voluntarism and educational programs, may ease this awkwardness. This comes from enabling mobilization25 through introducing programs and addressing job scarcity. For instance, LILAC affordable housing initiative26 successfully cultivated an expressive community through the addition of localized public realms. Through this increase in interactions, differences then become an asset, a bridge that unifies different skill-sets for a functional community.
24 Raynor, Katrina, “Victoria’s $5.4bn Big Housing Build: it is big, but the social housing challenge is even bigger.”
25 Alinsky cited in Raynor, Katrina, “Victoria’s $5.4bn Big Housing Build: it is big, but the social housing challenge is even bigger.”
26 World Habitat Awards. “Lilac (Low Impact Living Affordable Community).” Accessed August 20, 2022. https://world-habitat.org/ world-habitat-awards/winners-and-finalists/lilac-low-impact-living-affordable-community/
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Figure 33. opening up the building to create trust through porosity, 2022.
LILAC Affordable Housing / Low Impact Living Affordable Community
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Figure 34.
LILAC co-housing community, [ Communal Housing], 2020.
Figure 35. Context and communal engagement analysis, 2022.
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Figure 36. LILAC, [Co-Housing Spatial Experiences], 2022.
transparent themes in practice that ensures honesty.
On top of transparent practices, honesty translates to symbiotic architectural gestures and ecological material adaptations. First, designers need to shift away from the idea of ‘land as resource’ towards dwellings as an expansion of the urban system. Consequently, defaulting to low-impact materials and construction27 to breed community awareness and appreciation for nature. An example is adapting wood instead of concrete or the honesty of form retained in adaptive reuse projects like Jaures Petit Housing28 as an alternative to demolition. Therefore, breaking away from the pattern of damaging practices and instead cooperating with nature will promote responsibility and porosity.
27 Brodka, Claire. “Cities of the future: Julia Watson on nature-based technologies and radical materials.” Archdaily. Published March 24, 2022. https://www.archdaily.com/982141/cities-of-the-future-julia-watson-on-nature-based-technologies-and-radical-materials?ad_ source=search&ad_medium=projects_tab&ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all
28 Ott, Clara. “Jaurès Petit Housings / archi5.” Archdaily. Published March 15, 2022. https://www.archdaily.com/977573/jaures-petithousings-archi5.
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Figure 37. strategy of passive design and biophilic interventions throughout tower and site, 2022.
Jaurès Petit Housings /
archi5
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Figure 38. Sergio Grazia, [Jaures Petit Housings in Paris], 2021.
39. Program, circulation and opportunities analysis in Jaures Petit Housings, 2022.
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Figure
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Figure 40. Sergio Grazia, [External facade of Jaures Petit Housings in Paris], 2021.
humility for future adaptation.
Suppressing aesthetic egos and thinking of public buildings as temporary may elongate a building’s future use. Due to construction of buildings equaling half a building’s lifetime carbon emissions29, future adaptivereuse schemes may trumps demolition strategy in upcoming projects – in whcih in fact becomes significant in public buildings due to incoming migrations, demographic shifts and need for flexibility in building occupancy30. If public housing incorporates moveable fabric structures, temporary accommodations, portable retail units etc., perhaps ecological impact decreases and social function becomes varied, hence diversified. Additionally, long-life loose-fit and/or adaptive reuse may shift the industry’s attention to culture construction(s) of non-decorative structure(s) that advocates authenticity of materials and its’ lifecycle even after occupation. Implementing simple, multifunctional structures creates less extravagant designs that invokes inferiority to nature and adapts the building for elongated use.
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Figure 41. adaptive-reuse of carpark structure as proposition of new dwelling, 2022.
29 Cutieru, Andreea. “The refurbishment and adaptive reuse of brutalist architecture.” Archdaily. Published August 23, 2021. https://www. archdaily.com/967215/the-refurbishment-and-adaptive-reuse-of-brutalist-architecture?ad_medium=widget&ad_name=relatedarticle&ad_content=978253
30 Kolovos, Benita. “Victoria’s population growth will soon return to pre-pandemic levels, experts say.” The Guardian. Published May 5, 2022. https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/may/05/victorias-population-growth-will-soon-return-to-pre-pandemiclevels-experts-say
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simultaneously answering Melbourne’s housing and environmental crisis.
The thesis looks to address the stigma around public housing, in the case of Park Towers in South Melbourne that’s faced multiple antisocial behavior by reintroducing low-impact socio-environmental shifts in residential living that re-fits the community to the urban fabric. It does this by applying modular customisations from typology extracted from existing contexts, creating opportunities to promote new communities entering the system, practicing low-impact natural materials and techniques as well as create a framework for adaptive reuse and/or long-life loose fit structures instead of high-energy demolition strategies.
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Figure 42. Park Towers east facade, 2022.
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43. Preliminary conceptual sketches showing: (left) Continuous porosity scheme adapted to landform (right) Design by ‘connection to country’ as adapted from indigenous principles, 2022.
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Figure
the proposal: in concept.
In search for a communal getaway from the monotonic life of the tower, the proposal attempts to bring together both people inside and outside by culturing warm, inviting areas inside the rectiniler structure.
This manifest within the scheme of green outgrowths, that breaks the continuous concrete walls of habitual floors and pierces the enclosed dark corridors with light, ecology and people.
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44.
Figure
Conceptual sketch of balcony outgrowths, 2022.
the proposal: symbiotic outgrowth
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45.
Figure Isometric masterplan, 2022.
Figure 46. External view of proposed outgrowth scheme, 2022.
47. Proposed site Masterplan, 2022.
Figure
Figure 48.
Aerial view to sky garden, 2022.
Figure 49. South section of continuous landform through tower, 2022.
Figure 50. Programmatic schemes analysis and proposal as applied to Park Towers, 2022.
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Figure 51. East Section of vegetation hanging on timber pillars, 2022.
Figure 52. Plan of Ground floor showing landscape detail, 2022.
Figure 53. Plan of Ground floor first floor podium level, 2022.
Figure 54. Perspective view of podium level from West facade, 2022.
Figure 55. Analysis of existing corridors and potential intervention, 2022.
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Figure 56. Balcony outgrowth and penetration into tower ecological scheme, 2022.
Figure 57. External Perspective of balcony outgrowth, 2022.
Figure 58. Isonometric projection of proposed communal floor, 2022.
Figure 59. External perspective of overall proposal, 2022.
Figure 60. Existing typical floor plan of Park Towers, 2022.
COMMUNAL LEVEL 00 (LAUNDRY + LOUNGE(S))
61. ,2022.
Figure
Figure 62. Perspective of outdoor open terrace, 2022.
Figure 63. Internal communal area of north balcony, 2022.
Figure 64. Perspective of corner nook of the north balcony, 2022.
Figure 65. Perspective of outdoor open terrace, 2022.
Figure 66. Southeast facing elevated balcony, 2022.
Figure 67. Southeast facing elevated balcony, 2022.
Figure 68. Southeast facing elevated balcony, 2022.
COMMUNAL LEVEL 01 (KITCHEN + FUNCTION SPACE + WINTER GARDEN)
69. ,2022.
Figure
Figure 70. Central function space, 2022.
Figure 71. Extended corridor pathway, 2022.
Figure 72. SouthWest windter garden, 2022.
Figure 73. Southwest corridor, 2022.
Figure 74. Southwest communal room, 2022.
Figure 75. Northeast communal balcony, 2022.
Figure 76. Northeast communal kitchen, 2022.
COMMUNAL LEVEL 02 (TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN)
77. ,2022.
Figure
Figure 78. South Section showing communal floor, 2022.
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Figure South long sectional perspective, 2022.
80.
Figure West facing sectional perspective detail, 2022.
81.
Figure East facing sectional perspective detail, 2022.
Figure 82.
South facing laundry area as communal space, 2022.
Figure 83. South facing laundry area as communal space, 2022.
Figure 84. North facing laundry area as communal space, 2022.
Figure 85. East short sectional perspective, 2022.
86.
Figure North facing sectional perspective detail, 2022.
Figure 87. Double height atrium area as seen from vertical circulation, 2022.
the tower desires are similar to that of the people, a disruption to the monolithic. an intervention to daily life.
it proposes to merge the surrounding landscape into the internal typology.
it tries to create a sense of centrality for its’ community. a closed open-ness between two rectilinear wings.
it creates a concealed jewel that wants to reveal itself to the municipal.
(left) Figure 88. a critique on social stigma, 2022. (right) Figure 89. Proposed Park Towers outgrowth scheme, 2022.
Figure 90. Jose Hevia, [ 85 Social Dwelling], 2021.
“Architecture belongs to culture, not to civilization.”
“I tell you, it is easier to build a grand opera or a city center than to build a personal house.”
- Alvar Aalto
APPEN DIX
a0 b0 d0 c0 the new modular building at the back. on construction. radical indigenism.
iterative sketches.
the new modular building at the back.
Figure 91. Conceptual scheme for unit prefabrication, 2022.
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92. Framework of (new) modular residential structure, 2022.
Figurethe new modular building at the back.
Figure 93. Modular plan of proposed units, 2022.
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Figure 94. Hybrid structure of proposed new residential, 2022.
152 b0
on construction.
(top) Figure 95.
Joshua Jay Elliot, [Framework of public pavilion for Chicago Architecture Biennial], 2016. (bottom) Figure 96.
Shinkenchiku-sha and Hsin-Yu Chen, [Nest We Grow / Kengo Kuma & Associates + College of Environmental Design UC Berkeley], 2014.
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Figure 97. Takashige Yamashita, [Toranako Nursery: a small nursery with a big roof], 2022.
Figure 98. Radical Indigenism idologies, 2022.
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c0 radical indigenism.
iterative sketches.
Figure 99. Iterative sketches on modularity, 2022.
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Figure 100. pre-conceptual diagram, 2022.
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iterative sketches.
101. Iterative sketches on porosity, 2022.
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Figure
Figure 102. pre-conceptual plans for community reach, 2022.
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iterative sketches.
Figure 103. sketch design proposing continuity, 2022.
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Figure 104. sketch design proposing wind break in section, 2022.
iterative sketches.
Figure 105. sketch design of spatial qualities, 2022.
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RE FE REN CES
Australian Government Center for Population. “ 2.4% increase on global migrations by 2040.” Net Overseas Migration. Accessed August 15, 2022. https://population.gov.au/ population-topics/topic-overseas-migration.
Barker, Penny. and Goel, Raghav. “Should we tear down Melbourne’s public housing towers?.” Blue print. Accessed August 10, 2022. https://blueprint.ozpropertygroup.com. au/should-we-tear-down-melbournes-public-housing-towers/
Brodka, Claire. “Cities of the future: Julia Watson on nature-based technologies and radical materials.” Archdaily. Published March 24, 2022. https://www.archdaily.com/982141/ cities-of-the-future-julia-watson-on-nature-based-technologies-and-radicalmaterials?ad_source=search&ad_medium=projects_tab&ad_source=search&ad_ medium=search_result_all
Burgess, Rob. “Migratory millennials - marching from the metropolis.” New geography. Published October 8, 2022. https://www.newgeography.com/content/007541-migratorymillennials-marching-metropolis
City of Melbourne. “Affordable Housing.” City of Melbourne. Accessed August 12, 2022. https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/building-and-development/urban-planning/ community-housing/Pages/affordable-housing.aspx
City of Port Philip. “City of Port Philip Heritage Review.” Port Philip. Accessed August 12, 2022. https://www.portphillip.vic.gov.au/media/mrcfvn1q/14-pphr-v33-vol-5september-2020-part-3.pdf
Costigan, Paul. “There’s no positive news about social housing.” CBR City News. Published August 10, 2022. https://citynews.com.au/2022/theres-no-positive-newsabout-social-housing/
Coulleri, Agustina. “85 Social Dwellings in Cornellà / Peris+Toral.arquitectes.” Archdaily. https://www.archdaily.com/976936/85-social-dwellings-in-cornella-peris-plustorarquitectes.
Cutieru, Andreea. “The refurbishment and adaptive reuse of brutalist architecture.” Archdaily. Published August 23, 2021. https://www.archdaily.com/967215/the-refurbishment-andadaptive-reuse-of-brutalist-architecture?ad_medium=widget&ad_name=relatedarticle&ad_content=978253
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LIST OF FIGU RES
Fig. 1. Rustaman, Kiara. Park Towers in South Melbourne. 2022. Photography, Melbourne.
Fig. 2. UN World. [Population growth is set to reach 9.74 billion by 2050.] 2022. Our World in Data. https:// ourworldindata.org/explorers/population-and-demography.
Fig. 3. Victoria State Government. [Predicted net migration in Victoria.] 2019. https://www.planning.vic.gov. au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0032/332996/Victoria_inFuture_2019.pdf.
Fig. 4. Daily Overview. [Satellite image of Plasticulture or Greenhouses, Almeria, Spain.] 2014. https://www. yatzer.com/daily-overview-captivating-satellite-images-earth.
Fig. 5. Rustaman, Kiara. What does population growth do to the environment?. Diagram, Melbourne.
Fig. 6. Lee, Harimao. [Forest Island in Guangzhou, China]. n.d. Avant Gardens. https://www.facebook.com/ avantgardens.org/photos/a.573121939368238/5746655988681448/?type=3.
Fig. 7. Rustaman, Kiara. Park Towers on a sunny day. 2022. Photography, Melbourne.
Fig. 8. Rustaman, Kiara. Park Towers east front entrance. 2022. Photography, Melbourne.
Fig. 9. Rustaman, Kiara. Context analysis of Park Towers in South Melbourne, 2022. Diagram, Melbourne.
Fig. 10. Housing VIC. [2020 Victoria Public Housing Survey.]. 2020. Residents survey, Melbourne. https://www. housing.vic.gov.au/resident-surveys.
Fig. 11. Nearmaps. [isometric projections]. 2022. Mapbrowser, Melbourne. https://www.nearmap.com/au/en/ most-current-aerial-maps-mapbrowser.
Fig. 12. Rustaman, Kiara. Park Towers east facade. 2022. Photography, Melbourne.
Fig. 13. Rustaman, Kiara. Macro Analysis. 2022. Diagram, Melbourne.
Fig. 14. Rustaman, Kiara. Section from carpark, tower and reserve. 2022. Diagram, Melbourne.
Fig. 15. Rustaman, Kiara. Environmental analysis. 2022. Diagram, Melbourne.
Fig. 16. Rustaman, Kiara. Ladybug Analysis. 2022. Adapted from grasshopper. Diagram, Melbourne.
Fig. 17. Rustaman, Kiara. Spatial analysis of Park Towers in South Melbourne. 2022. Photography, Melbourne.
Fig. 18. Rustaman, Kiara. Cycle of public housing stigma, as caused by the government. 2022. Diagram, Melbourne.
Fig. 19. Morse, Adam. [ 72 hours in Kowloon, Hong Kong.] n.d. Unsplash. https://brightestyoungthings.com/ articles/72-hours-in-hong-kong/adam-morse-106549-unsplash.
Fig. 20. Rustaman, Kiara. Traditional Ecological Knowledge as applied in public housing. 2022. Adapted from
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Lo-TEK. Diagram, Melbourne.
Fig. 21. Rustaman, Kiara. Welcoming community into the social urban fabric. 2022. Diagram, Melbourne.
Fig. 22. Paul Raftery. [Maison Edouard Francois’ social housing complex shows insulation on the outside to eliminate thermal bridging.], 2010. Maison Edouard Francois’. Grenoble. https://divisare.com/projects/223923maison-edouard-francois-paul-raftery-coming-out.
Fig. 23. Anagram Architects. [anagram architects completes curvilinear residential building in new delhi]. 2017. Designboom, New Delhi. https://www.designboom.com/architecture/anagram-architects-outre-house-newdelhi-india-03-22-2017/.
Fig. 24. Francisco Noguiera and Michael Sieber. [Freebooter Housing / GG-loop]. 2019. Facade design of Freebooter Housing. Archdaily, Amsterdam. https://www.archdaily.com/915782/freebooter-housing-gg-loop.
Fig. 25. Shim Sutcliffe Architects. [The Integral House]. 2009. A place for architecture, music and performance located at the edge of a Toronto ravine. Architonic, Toronto. https://www.architonic.com/en/project/shimsutcliffe-architects-the-integral-house/5100496.
Fig. 26. Rustaman, Kiara. conceptual sketch diagram for community reach. 2022. Diagram, Melbourne.
Fig. 27. Rustaman, Kiara. Outdoor sitting area with landscape art. 2022. Photography, Melbourne.
Fig. 28. Rustaman, Kiara. Communal garden in Park Towers Reserve. 2022. Photography, Melbourne.
Fig. 29. Rustaman, Kiara. Examining and extracting the existing modular grid. 2022. Diagram, Melbourne.
Fig. 30. Hevia, Jose. [85 Social Dwelling in Cornella by Peris+Toral.arquitectes.] 2021. Archdaily, Spain. https:// www.archdaily.com/976936/85-social-dwellings-in-cornella-peris-plus-torarquitectes.
Fig. 31. Rustaman, Kiara. Structure, volume and threshold analysis in 85 Social Dwellings. 2022. Diagram, Melbourne.
Fig. 32. Hevia, Jose. [Spatial Interiors of 85 Social Dwelling in Cornella by Peris+Toral.arquitectes.] 2021. Archdaily, Spain. https://www.archdaily.com/976936/85-social-dwellings-in-cornella-peris-plus-torarquitectes.
Fig. 33. Rustaman, Kiara. opening up the building to create trust through porosity. 2022. Diagram, Melbourne.
Fig. 34. LILAC co-housing community. [Communal Housing.] 2020. LILAC, Leeds. https://www.lilac.coop/.
Fig. 35. Rustaman, Kiara. Context and communal engagement analysis. 2022. Diagram, Melbourne.
Fig. 36. LILAC co-housing community. [Co-Housing Spatial Experiences.] 2020. LILAC, Leeds. https://www. lilac.coop/.
Fig. 36. Rustaman, Kiara. strategy of passive design and biophilic interventions throughout tower and site, 2022. Diagram, Melbourne.
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Fig. 38. Grazia, Sergio. [Jaurès Petit Housings in Paris.] 2021. Archdaily, Paris. https://www.archdaily. com/977573/jaures-petit-housings-archi5.
Fig. 39. Rustaman, Kiara. Program, circulation and opportunities analysis in Jaures Petit Housings. 2022. Diagram. Melbourne.
Fig. 40. Grazia, Sergio. [External facade of Jaurès Petit Housings in Paris.] 2021. Archdaily, Paris. https://www. archdaily.com/977573/jaures-petit-housings-archi5.
Fig. 41. Rustaman, Kiara. adaptive-reuse of carpark structure as proposition of new dwelling. 2022. Diagram. Melbourne.
Fig. 42. Rustaman, Kiara. Park Towers east facade, 2022. Photography, Melbourne.
Fig. 43. Rustaman, Kiara. Preliminary conceptual sketches showing: Continuous porosity scheme adapted to landform and Design by ‘connection to country’ as adapted from indigenous principles. 2022. Diagram, Melbourne.
Fig. 44. Rustaman, Kiara. Conceptual sketch of balcony outgrowths. 2022. Sketch, Melbourne.
Fig. 45. Rustaman, Kiara. Isometric Masterplan. 2022. Diagram, Melbourne.
Fig. 46. Rustaman, Kiara. External view of proposed outgrowth scheme. 2022. Render, Melbourne.
Fig. 47. Rustaman, Kiara. Proposed site Masterplan. 2022. Plan, Melbourne.
Fig. 48. Rustaman, Kiara.Aerial view to sky garden. 2022. Render, Melbourne.
Fig. 49. Rustaman, Kiara. South section of continuous landform through tower. 2022. Section, Melbourne.
Fig. 50. Rustaman, Kiara. Programmatic schemes analysis and proposal as applied to Park Towers. 2022. Sketch, Melbourne.
Fig. 51. Rustaman, Kiara. East Section of vegetation hanging on timber pillars. 2022. Section, Melbourne.
Fig. 52. Rustaman, Kiara. Plan of Ground floor showing landscape detail. 2022. Plan, Melbourne.
Fig. 53. Rustaman, Kiara. Plan of Ground floor first floor podium level. 2022. Plan, Melbourne.
Fig. 54. Rustaman, Kiara. Perspective view of podium level from West facade. 2022. Render, Melbourne.
Fig. 55. Rustaman, Kiara. Analysis of existing corridors and potential intervention. 2022. Diagram, Melbourne.
Fig. 56. Rustaman, Kiara. Balcony outgrowth and penetration into tower ecological schemes. 2022. Diagram, Melbourne.
Fig. 57. Rustaman, Kiara. External Perspective of balcony outgrowth. 2022. Render, Melbourne.
Fig. 58. Rustaman, Kiara. Isometric projection of proposed communal floor. 2022. Diagram, Melbourne.
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Fig. 59. Rustaman, Kiara. External perspective of overall proposal. 2022. Render, Melbourne.
Fig. 60. Rustaman, Kiara. Existing typical floor plan of Park Towers. 2022. Plan, Melbourne.
Fig. 61. Rustaman, Kiara. Communal level 00. 2022. Plan, Melbourne.
Fig. 62. Rustaman, Kiara. Perspective of outdoor open terrace. 2022. Render, Melbourne.
Fig. 63. Rustaman, Kiara. Internal communal area of north balcony. 2022. Render, Melbourne.
Fig. 64. Rustaman, Kiara. Perspective of corner nook of the north balcony. 2022. Render, Melbourne.
Fig. 65. Rustaman, Kiara. Perspective of outdoor open terrace. 2022. Render, Melbourne.
Fig. 66. Rustaman, Kiara. Southeast facing elevated balcony. 2022. Render, Melbourne.
Fig. 67. Rustaman, Kiara. Southeast facing elevated balcony. 2022. Render, Melbourne.
Fig. 68. Rustaman, Kiara. Southeast facing elevated balcony. 2022. Render, Melbourne.
Fig. 69. Rustaman, Kiara. Communal level 01. 2022. Plan, Melbourne.
Fig. 70. Rustaman, Kiara. Central function space. 2022. Render, Melbourne.
Fig. 71. Rustaman, Kiara. Extended corridor pathway. 2022. Render, Melbourne.
Fig. 72. Rustaman, Kiara. Southwest winter garden. 2022. Render, Melbourne.
Fig. 73. Rustaman, Kiara. Southwest corridor. 2022. Render, Melbourne.
Fig. 74. Rustaman, Kiara. Southwest communal room. 2022. Render, Melbourne.
Fig. 75. Rustaman, Kiara. Northeast communal balcony. 2022. Render, Melbourne.
Fig. 76. Rustaman, Kiara. Northeast communal kitchen. 2022. Render, Melbourne.
Fig. 77. Rustaman, Kiara. Communal level 02. 2022. Render, Melbourne.
Fig. 78. Rustaman, Kiara. South Section showing communal floor. 2022. Section, Melbourne.
Fig. 79. Rustaman, Kiara. South long sectional perspective. 2022. Section, Melbourne.
Fig. 80. Rustaman, Kiara. West facing sectional perspective detail. 2022. Section, Melbourne.
Fig. 81. Rustaman, Kiara. East facing sectional perspective detail. 2022. Section, Melbourne.
Fig. 82. Rustaman, Kiara. South facing laundry area as communal space. 2022. Render, Melbourne.
Fig. 83. Rustaman, Kiara. North facing laundry area as communal space. 2022. Render, Melbourne.
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Fig. 84. Rustaman, Kiara. North facing laundry area as communal space. 2022. Render, Melbourne.
Fig. 85. Rustaman, Kiara. East short sectional perspective. 2022. Section, Melbourne.
Fig. 86. Rustaman, Kiara. North facing sectional perspective detail. 2022. Render, Melbourne.
Fig. 87. Rustaman, Kiara. Double height atrium area as seen from vertical circulation. 2022. Render, Melbourne.
Fig. 88. Rustaman, Kiara. A critique on stigma. 2022. Diagram, Melbourne.
Fig. 89. Rustaman, Kiara. Proposed Park Towers outgrowth scheme. 2022. Render, Melbourne.
Fig. 90. Hevia, Jose. [85 Social Dwelling] 2021. Archdaily, Spain. https://www.archdaily.com/976936/85-socialdwellings-in-cornella-peris-plus-torarquitectes.
Fig. 91. Rustaman, Kiara. Conceptual scheme for unit prefabrication. 2022. Diagram, Melbourne.
Fig. 92. Rustaman, Kiara. Framework of (new) modular residential structure. 2022. Render, Melbourne.
Fig. 93. Rustaman, Kiara. Modular plan of proposed units. 2022. Plan, Melbourne.
Fig. 94. Rustaman, Kiara. Hybrid structure of proposed new residential. 2022. Isonometric, Melbourne.
Fig 95 Sha, Shinkenchiku and Chen, Hsin-Yu. [Nest We Grow / Kengo Kuma & Associates + College of Environmental Design UC Berkeley]. 2014. Archdaily, Takinoue. https://www.archdaily.com/592660/nest-wegrow-college-of-environmental-design-uc-berkeley-kengo-kuma-and-associates.
Fig. 96. Jay Elliot, Joshua. [Framework of public pavilion for Chicago Architecture Biennial.] 2016. Architizer, Chicago. https://architizer.com/blog/practice/materials/2016-wood-design-award-winners/.
Fig. 97. Yamashita, Takashige. [Toranako Nursery: a small nursery with a big roof.] 2022. Arkitectureonweb, Yamanashi. https://www.arkitectureonweb.com/en/web/timberonweb/-/a-small-nursery-with-a-big-rooftoranoko-nursery-en.
Fig. 98. Rustaman, Kiara. Radical Indigenism ideologies. 2022. Diagram, Melbourne.
Fig. 99. Rustaman, Kiara. Iterative sketches on modularity. 2022. Sketch, Melbourne.
Fig. 100. Rustaman, Kiara. Pre-conceptual diagram. 2022. Diagram, Melbourne.
Fig. 101. Rustaman, Kiara. Iterative sketches on porosity. 2022. Sketch, Melbourne.
Fig. 102. Rustaman, Kiara. Pre-conceptual plans for community reach. 2022. Sketch, Melbourne.
Fig. 103. Rustaman, Kiara. Sketch design proposing continuity. 2022. Sketch, Melbourne.
Fig. 104. Rustaman, Kiara. Sketch design proposing wind break in section. 2022. Sketch, Melbourne.
Fig. 105. Rustaman, Kiara. Sketch design of spatial qualities. 2022. Sketch, Melbourne.
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