The “Comfort Women” Issue : What Should Be Done About It? July 2017 Kim Chang-rok / Professor, Kyungpook National University Law School
I. The “Comfort Women” Issue: Core Claim The “Comfort Women” issue entails the central claim that the Japanese government, which forced countless women from Asian regions—including Korea—into sexual slavery during World War II, has the responsibility to admit to its guilt as a nation, make official apologies and reparations, cooperate with the investigation of the truth, provide truthful historical education, honor the memories of deceased victims, and bring to justice individual perpetrators that kept women in sexual slavery. This has been the consistent demand of the victimized “comfort women” – a term derived from a Japanese euphemism for “prostitute”-ever since 1990, when they broke the silence that had been imposed on them for the preceding five decades. The international society has affirmed and reaffirmed the veracity of this claim for decades, in such forms as the International Commission of Jurists Report (1994), the Radhika Coomaraswamy Report (1996), the Gay J. McDougall Report (1998), the final ruling of the Women’s International War Crimes Tribunal 2000 for the Trial of Japanese Military Sexual Slavery (2001), and the resolutions of numerous national legislatures. In order to solve the “comfort women” issue today, it is crucial to first establish a truthful and undisputed consensus on the nature and historical background of the issue.
II. Responses from the Governments of Japan and the Republic of Korea 1. Japanese Government’s Response When the Korean victims of sexual slavery by the Japanese military first began to raise the “comfort women” issue in the early 1990s, the Japanese government’s initial response was that of complete denial, claiming that private individuals and businesses, not the government, were behind the crime. Shortly after, The Asahi Shimbun ran articles featuring evidence contradicting the Japanese government’s claim on January 11, 1992. Two days later, the Japanese government officially expressed “sincere apologies and remorse.” Based on the additional testimonies and 1