The Progressive Rancher - SEP-OCT 2025

IN THIS ISSUE

Minden Facility

with all

Ag use to the

Deeded Fish Creek

Lots

irrigation water from springs that arise

the ranch. Mine owner wants to reserve some water rights and Sage Grouse Credits. 2597 deeded with approx. 1000 water righted out of the springs, 5 homes plus multiple other barns, shops and outbuildings.

$3,000,000 to start depending on % interest.

Humboldt River Acreage with Water Rights

650 acres on the Humbold River with over 300 acres of surface water rights. Just East of Elko approx. 13 miles. Has access onto the Ryndon Exit. With the new conjunctive management of water by the state, this should add future value to this property. Price reduced! $1,200,000 $950,000

As I write this article, the Dog Days of Summer are drawing to a close, and as you read this article, Fall will probably be in full swing.

I personally like the fall time of year the best. Getting to see the fruits of our labor pay off is rewarding and satisfying. As cow-calf producers, we’re in the fourth quarter of ranching with one more big push to get over the line and start the game over for one more year. It seems like it has been a long, hot, dry summer, so I personally am looking forward to a little cool down!

At NCA, we have been working on some issues with private property rights. It seems some misinformation and personal “assumptions” have encouraged vandalism and trespass across the West, and that is something that every private proper ty

owner in Nevada should be concerned about. We are actively working to defend our rights and seeking counsel on how to proceed. There will be more on this topic in the future because it is not going away, but that is all I can say at the moment.

Now I have got to give a plug for everyone to come to the NCA Annual Convention on November 13th, 14th, and 15th in Elko, Nevada. We are going to have twp General Sessions: one on trespass and what to do when we have encounters, and one with agency updates to get informed on what our partners are up to. We will also have a CattleFax industry update breakfast. Everyone should be interested to see what the market outlook is, so you don’t want to miss it. The big question is how long the market will stay high. I, for one, sure want to see what CattleFax

projects! If that isn’t enough excitement, we will also have a great trade show, our committee meetings, and voting on policy to guide the organization. Put it on your calendar and get your tickets early because you really don’t want to miss this Convention!

Cheers, Hanes Holman Hanes Holman President, NCA

by Martin Paris | NCA

Executive Director | O: 775-738-9214

NCA Announces 90th Joint Annual Convention & Tradeshow

The Nevada Cattlemen’s Association is eager to announce this year’s convention. The 90th Annual Nevada Cattlemen’s Association Convention and Trade Show will be held on November 13-15, 2025, at the Elko Conference Center in Elko, NV.

As NCA members around the state gather in Elko, we will celebrate a lifetime of traditions, revise and review policies, receive industry updates, and take the opportunity to enjoy our friends and neighbors.

At the convention, members of the NCA, guest speakers, and vendors who provide services to the beef cattle industry will join together to celebrate the Nevada livestock industry. NCA staff and officers are working hard to provide you with a memorable and educational experience.

The forms for exhibit booths and sponsorships have been sent out. If you did not receive one of these forms and wish to receive one, please contact us or check out our website at nevadacattlemen.org to download a copy.

The Nevada Cattlemen’s Association would like to thank all of our convention sponsors and exhibitors; they help make our event a success.

the resolution process is a great way to get involved and have your voice heard. For more information on each committee or suggestions on any new or expiring resolutions, please contact the NCA office.

Rancher..qxp_Layout 1 2/16/25 9:30 AM Page 1

NCA’s policy committees will meet prior to the convention to discuss new issues or resolutions to be proposed and will also review expiring resolutions. These meetings are the initial step in setting the Association’s policies that help guide staff, officers, and members in responding to the various issues that impact Nevada’s cattle industry. Participation in

Registration for the convention and a tentative schedule will be available on our website here soon. Members will also receive a registration packet in the mail. If you are interested in attending and would like more information, please call the office at 1-775738-9214, email convention@nevadacattlemen.org, or check out our website nevadacattlemen.org.

Our website is constantly updated with the latest information. We look forward to seeing you all at the convention!

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USDA Announces Sweeping Plans to Protect the United States from New World Screwworm

On August 15, 2025, the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Brooke L. Rollins at the Texas State Capitol alongside Governor Greg Abbott and stakeholders from across the country announced the largest initiative yet in the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) plan to combat the New World Screwworm (NWS). This announcement builds upon USDA’s five-pronged plan issued in June to combat the northward spread of NWS from Mexico into the United States.

NWS is a devastating pest. When NWS fly larvae (maggots) burrow into the flesh of a living animal, they cause serious, often deadly damage to the animal. NWS can infest livestock, pets, wildlife, occasionally birds, and in rare cases, people. It is not only a threat to our ranching community — but it is a threat to our food supply and our national security.

While USDA is coordinating efforts to combat NWS, it will require continued collaboration between Federal agencies, State governments, and the private sector. That is why USDA is working alongside the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to encourage animal drug development and prioritize approvals for prevention and treatment of the pest, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy on new innovations to enhance our ability to combat the pest with technologies, and the U.S. Customs and Border Protection to protect the US border. The US government will also work alongside Governors, State Agriculture Commissioners, State veterinarians, and others to combat this pest.

As part of this comprehensive approach, USDA is taking the following immediate actions:

1.) Innovate Our Way to Eradication

While sterile flies are currently the most effective way to prevent the spread of NWS, technology continues to evolve and as such USDA will provide up to $100 million to invest in viable innovations which could show rapid advancement of promising technologies that will augment the United States facility and accelerate the pace of sterile fly production if proven successful. USDA will support proven concepts that only require funding to scale and implement as well as a number of longerterm research projects focused on: new sterile NWS production techniques, novel NWS traps and lures, NWS therapeutics that could be stockpiled and used should NWS reach the United States, and any other tools to bolster preparedness or response to NWS.

2.) Protect the United States Border – Construction of a Domestic Sterile Screwworm Production Facility

USDA will construct a sterile fly production facility in Edinburg, TX, at Moore Air Force Base, an ideal location due to the existing infrastructure and proximity to the United States-Mexico border. Built with the Army Corps of Engineers, the facility will produce up to 300 million sterile flies per week to combat NWS. This will be the only United States-based sterile fly facility and will work in tandem with facilities in Panama and Mexico to help eradicate the pest and protect American agriculture.

Why it matters:

National Security & Economic Impact – NWS threatens over $100 billion in United States economic activity tied to the cattle and livestock industry alone.

Proven Technology – Uses sterile insect technique (SIT) Strategic Coverage – Complements Panama’s facility (100M flies/week) and Mexico’s upcoming facility (100M flies/week) to push NWS back toward the Darien Gap.

Reduced Vulnerability – Ends the United States-based reliance on foreign facilities for sterile fly production.

3.) Wildlife Migration Prevention

Animals don’t know borders, and that leaves the U.S potentially vulnerable to NWS from wildlife migrating across the border. USDA is working aggressively to ramp up the hiring of USDA-employed mounted patrol officers, known as “Tick Riders,” and other staff who will focus on border surveillance. The Tick Riders, who are mounted on horseback, will be complemented by other animal health experts who will patrol the border in vehicles and will provide the first line of defense against an NWS outbreak along the U.S.-Mexico border.

USDA will also begin training detector dogs to detect screwworm infestations in livestock and other animals along our border and at various ports of entry. These dogs will be essential to help control the spread of the NWS. USDA is working closely with the U.S. Department of the Interior and the U.S Customs and Border Protection to monitor the border for NWS-infected wildlife that could pose a threat to the United States.

4.) Stop the Pest from Spreading in Mexico and Ensure We Are Full Partners in Eradication

USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) is working in collaboration with the National Service of Agri-Food Health, Safety and Quality (SENASICA) in Mexico to help them contain the pest south of the United States border by enhancing United States oversight, surveillance, improving case reporting, locking down animal movement to prevent further spread, providing traps, lures, training, and verification of Mexican NWS activities. Successful implementation will inform any future trade decisions impacting cattle movements on the southern border including the potential reopening of border areas.

5.) United States Food Safety is of Utmost Importance

To date, NWS has not been reported or detected in the US in animals. USDA’s Food Safety and Inspection Service inspects animals and carcasses at slaughter, including for NWS to keep the food supply safe.

“We have assessed the information on the ground in Mexico and have determined we must construct an additional sterile fly production facility in the United States to stop the northward advancement of this terrible pest that is threatening American cattle production. President Trump has made it clear that we must take all necessary steps to protect our country from foreign pests and diseases that threaten our economy and way of life.

Today we are announcing a major investment to further America’s existential role in protecting our country and secure our borders from this national security threat,” said Secretary Brooke Rollins. “The construction of a domestic sterile fly production facility will ensure the United States continues to lead the way in combating this devastating pest. If our ranchers are overrun by foreign pests, then we

cannot feed ourselves. USDA and Customs and Border Protection are constantly monitoring our ports of entry to keep NWS away from our borders. We are working every day to ensure our American agricultural industry is safe, secure, and resilient.”

“Texas agricultural producers feed the world, with our state’s food and agriculture sector supporting over 2 million well-paying jobs and creating over $867 billion in total economic impact,” said Texas Greg Governor Abbott. “All of this is at risk because of the New World screwworm. Working with Secretary Rollins and members of the agricultural community nationwide, we will combat the threat from the New World screwworm right here in Texas through the building of a new facility to breed hundreds of millions of sterile New World screwworm flies. Together, we will eradicate the threat from the New World screwworm to protect our nation’s food supply and economy.”

“These actions – along with the FDA’s efforts to facilitate meaningful treatments – represent an early, proactive, and precautionary approach,” said FDA Commissioner Dr. Marty Makary, M.D., M.P.H.

“I applaud Secretary Rollins and the USDA team for taking aggressive action to combat the New World Screwworm. In June, my colleagues and I urged the Secretary to build a domestic sterile fly facility, and I’m encouraged to see that priority reflected in USDA’s expanded plan. Protecting America’s livestock from this dangerous pest is critical to safeguarding our food supply, supporting farmers and ranchers, and strengthening our nation’s food security,” said House Agriculture Committee Chairman, Representative Glenn “GT” Thompson (PA-15).

“This is exactly the kind of forward-looking investment we need to defend our food supply and livestock industry from foreign biological threats. With a new sterile fly facility on U.S. soil, stronger surveillance at the border, and real coordination between federal, state, and local partners, we’re showing what it looks like to combat the spread of the New World Screwworm. I applaud Secretary Rollins and the Trump administration for their swift action to protect American farmers, ranchers, and taxpayers,” said House Appropriations Agriculture Subcommittee Chairman, Representative Dr. Andy Harris (MD-1).

“This is bold, decisive action to protect American livestock from the threat of New World screwworm. I commend Secretary Rollins for prioritizing a domestic sterile fly production facility in South Texas and expanding key risk mitigation efforts. These steps will greatly strengthen our preparedness, and I look forward to continuing to work with her to eradicate this dangerous pest,” said Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Chairman, Arkansas Senator John Boozman.

“As a livestock veterinarian by trade, I understand the risk posed to our food system by foreign animal diseases. As a livestock producer and Governor of America’s leading beef producing state, I know that food security is national security. I commend Secretary Brooke Rollins and her team for their extraordinary leadership on fighting foreign animal diseases. They have been at the tip of the

spear from the start, and this plan is another example of their diligence and leadership,” said Nebraska Governor Jim Pillen.

“I appreciate Secretary Rollins continued support of our nation’s Ag producers. This announcement doubles-down on the USDA’s efforts to help feed American families. Oklahoma’s ranchers and producers help feed the world and this action-first effort is a step in the right direction to keep the industry moving forward both in Oklahoma and nationwide,” said Oklahoma Governor Kevin Stitt.

“I support USDA’s proactive efforts to combat the potential spread of New World Screwworm in the United State. The construction of the domestic sterile fly facility in Texas represents a significant step forward in the battle to protect Alabama’s livestock industry from this threat,” said Alabama Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries Rick Pate.

“It took decades to eradicate this parasite from within and adjacent to our borders more than a generation ago, and this is a proactive first step. Cattle markets are already volatile and the introduction of New World screwworm within the U.S. would only increase that volatility. We thank USDA and Secretary Rollins for her leadership protecting the domestic cattle industry and we stand ready to help ensure the speedy and efficient construction of this facility and implementation of the updated plan,” said American Farm Bureau Federation President Zippy Duvall.

“National Association of State Departments of Agriculture (NASDA) is grateful for USDA’s investment in defending the U.S. against an outbreak of New World screwworm. NASDA is always committed to working with intergovernmental agencies and industry stakeholders to foster a collaborative approach to animal health initiatives,” said National Association of State Departments of Agriculture CEO Ted McKinney.

“American cattle producers are thankful for Secretary Brooke Rollins’ leadership and diligence in combatting the spread of New World screwworm. This deadly pest has negatively impacted the cattle industry before but with swift action from Secretary Rollins, we are on our way to stopping it again. USDA’s work in building a sterile fly production facility at Moore Air Base will greatly help to stop the spread of screwworm and protect the American cattle herd for years to come,” said National Cattlemen’s Beef Association CEO Colin Woodall.

“Virginia may be far from the border, but we understand the threat the New World Screwworm poses to the livestock industry and animal health if it were to enter the United States. The announcement of a new sterile fly production facility in Texas marks a major investment that will strengthen our biosecurity infrastructure and safeguard livestock producers across the country. We are grateful to the Administration for their continued dedication to agricultural innovation and animal health,” said Virginia Farm Bureau President Scott Sink.

“We’re incredibly grateful to President Trump and Secretary Rollins for securing the necessary funding for a domestic production facility to combat New World Screwworm (NWS). When NWS entered the country decades ago, it was devastating to the cattle industry. This new facility is necessary and will be invaluable in the fight to protect American livestock,” said Kentucky Farm Bureau President Eddie Melton.

“On behalf of livestock producers across Tennessee, we thank President Trump and Secretary Rollins for fully funding a domestic fly production facility to combat New World Screwworm. Protecting America’s livestock is critical in protecting the larger food supply we all depend on, and we appreciate the Trump Administration for taking swift action to combat this threat,” said Tennessee Farm Bureau President Eric Mayberry.

“On behalf of Florida’s farm families, I want to thank President Donald Trump and Agriculture Secretary Brooke Rollins for their leadership in fully funding a new sterile fly production facility at Moore Air Base in Edinburg, Texas. This investment represents a historic commitment to safeguarding American agriculture from the threat of the New World screwworm,” said Florida Farm Bureau Federation President Jeb S. Smith.

“The screwworm devastated deer and livestock populations in Texas in the 50’s and 60’s. Landowners that lived through that nightmare will do everything possible to prevent the same thing from happening again. But they need help desperately, and the USDA is the best partner to provide that help. The Texas Chapter of The Wildlife Society supports their efforts 100% and thanks Secretary Rollins and Governor Abbott for leading the charge,” said Executive Director Texas Chapter of The Wildlife Society Matt Wagner Ph.D.

“We appreciate Secretary Rollins’ commitment to protecting American livestock and the livelihood of American farmers and ranchers. It is imperative that we have a production facility in the United States to combat the New World Screwworm. She worked tirelessly to make this happen. Alabama farmers and ranchers thank Secretary Rollins and President Trump for their quick and decisive response to this destructive pest,” said Alabama Farmers Federation President Jimmy Parnel.

“We commend and thank President Trump and Sec. Rollins for recognizing the importance of working to eradicate NWS. If this were not done, the impact on our domestic industry could be tragic,” said South Dakota Farm Bureau President Scott VanderWal.

“Louisiana farmers and ranchers thank President Donald J. Trump and U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Brooke Rollins for making this sterile fly facility a top priority. For Louisiana’s cattle, equine, sheep, and goat producers, this facility is not just an agricultural milestone—it’s a shield for our way of life. Livestock production is a cornerstone of rural communities in our state and ensuring that we have the resources to prevent and respond to NWS infestations is vital to maintaining both animal welfare and economic stability,” said Louisiana Farm Bureau President Richard Fontenot.

“The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) supports the efforts of Secretary Rollins and Governor Abbott to ensure we have the appropriate tools to combat the New World screwworm pest that is a looming threat to Texas livestock and wildlife. Developing a sterile fly production facility in South Texas is a critical step in ensuring the long-term health and sustainability of white-tailed deer and other wildlife enjoyed by many Texans. We appreciate the foresight and commitment by Secretary Rollins and Governor Abbott to make the fly production facility a reality, and we stand ready to assist in combating this threat alongside our partners,” said Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Executive Director Dr. David Yoskowitz.

“We applaud the Trump Administration for making this issue a top priority on behalf of Mississippi’s and our nation’s livestock producers. The federal investment announced today will better equip our frontline defense against the catastrophic destruction this pest can cause. We thank USDA Secretary Brooke Rollins and her team for their expeditious work in addressing the concerns of the agricultural industry and urge their continued research on all mitigation efforts to battle this devastating pest,” said Mississippi Farm Bureau Federation President Mike McCormick.

“The importance of equipping the U.S. to combat the threat of New World screwworm cannot be overstated. As Texans and cattle producers, we welcome the placement of the sterile fly production facility at Moore Airfield Base, putting it on the front lines of this critical fight. Increasing sterile fly production has long been a priority for the Texas cattle industry, which contributes $13 billion to our state’s economy annually. We remain committed to supporting both state and federal efforts to manage this threat and deeply appreciate the leadership of Secretary Rollins, the administration and Governor Abbott in prioritizing the needs of Texas and U.S. production agriculture,” said Texas & Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association President Carl Ray Polk, Jr.

“The New World Screwworm is like something straight out of a horror film and poses a serious threat to Texas agriculture, affecting livestock, wildlife, and pets. I appreciate USDA Secretary Brooke Rollins’s strong leadership and her visit to Texas to deliver this important announcement. Her presence highlights her understanding of the seriousness of this issue and her ongoing dedication to supporting our agricultural producers. Our strong partnership with the USDA remains vital in addressing this challenge effectively. United, we will protect this essential industry. Texas is resilient, and the Texas Department of Agriculture is committed to stopping this threat,” said Texas Agriculture Commissioner Sid Miller.

“The New Mexico Farm & Livestock Bureau strongly supports USDA’s investment in a domestic sterile fly facility to combat the New World Screw Worm. This proactive step will protect livestock health, safeguard rural economies, and strengthen America’s ability to respond quickly to future outbreak,” said New Mexico Farm and Livestock Bureau Director of Government Affairs Becca Luten.

“The Texas Wildlife Association and its members applaud Secretary Rollins and the Trump Administration for taking meaningful action to safeguard human and animal health, our rural economies and way of life, from the growing threat of the New World Screwworm. Today’s announcement of a sterile fly production facility in South Texas is welcome news to the landowners, wildlife managers and sportsmen most directly and immediately affected by this emergency,” said Texas Wildlife Association CEO Justin Dreibelbis.

“Michigan Farm Bureau thanks President Trump and Secretary Rollins for this critical investment. Protecting the US livestock industry from the Screwworm pest is of upmost importance to our producers, and we look forward to continuing to engage with the Administration in this effort,” said Michigan Farm Bureau National Legislative Counsel Jacob Smith.

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“Texas Farm Bureau commends Secretary Rollins and the Trump Administration for recognizing the gravity of this issue and taking bold steps to address it. We look forward to continuing our work with them and other stakeholders to advance solutions that protect livestock and wildlife producers, consumers, and the economic vitality of our state,” said Texas Farm Bureau President Russell Boening.

“With the approach of the New World Screwworm threatening Texas, I applaud the efforts of Secretary Rollins and the Trump administration to bring the weight of the Federal Government to the battle. The future of livestock production in Texas is at risk. It is encouraging to have the USDA and other federal assets come join our farmers and ranchers in meeting this challenge,” said Texas State Representative Stan Kitzman.

“We are thankful to Secretary Brooke Rollins and her team at USDA for their continued support and commitment to our farmers and ranchers. Their efforts to prioritize livestock producers to take swift action against the New World Screwworm is essential to safeguarding the health of our livestock and wildlife,” said South Carolina Farm Bureau Federation National Affairs and Commodity Coordinator Dwight Cauthen.

“Today’s announcement from Secretary Rollins to fund the construction of a sterile fly production facility in Mission reflects her commitment to planning, preparing and protecting the U.S. cattle herd from New World Screwworm. This announcement is sincerely appreciated by TCFA as the sterile insect technique is the only proven way to eradicate New World Screwworm. We commend President Trump, Secretary Rollins and APHIS Administrator Michael Watson for their continuous dedication to using science-based information to make decisions to protect not only our cattle herd but also ensure supply chain stability,” said Texas Cattle Feeders Association Chairman Robby Kirkland.

“Pennsylvania Farm Bureau is grateful for USDA Secretary Rollins and this Administration’s work to combat invasive species like the New World Screwworm to protect the health and well-being of our livestock. This announcement today emphasizes the commitment from USDA to prioritize animal health and biosecurity,” said Pennsylvania Farm Bureau President Chris Hoffman.

“Screwworms pose a severe threat to livestock, particularly the sheep and goat industry, and the Texas Sheep and Goat Raisers Association appreciates the efforts of Secretary Rollins to help address this issue. TSGRA supports all efforts to provide surveillance for screwworm flies, offer technical assistance to producers as needed, and immediately expand sterile fly production and distribution centers in the U.S., Mexico, and Central America as necessary,” said Texas Sheep & Goat Raisers Association President Sharon Pfluger Holman.

“The Texas Animal Health Commission commends Secretary Rollins and Governor Abbott’s critical action in expanding New World screwworm eradication efforts. The sterile insect technique combined with animal health response plans, that include science based approaches and producer engagement, are key factors in ensuring continuity of Texas animal agriculture businesses and promoting overall animal health and productivity. Today’s announcement bolsters the ongoing collaborative efforts between the USDA and Texas animal health officials to serve as the first line of defense in protecting U.S. animal

agriculture,” said Texas Animal Health Commission Executive Director and State Veterinarian Dr. Lewis R. “Bud” Dinges, DVM.

“The threat of screwworm infestation is a direct attack on Texas agriculture. Livestock consume well over 90% of Texas-grown corn, making cattle a staple market for corn farmers - many of whom include both corn and cattle in their operations. A screwworm outbreak would not only devastate the cattle industry but would also cripple the demand for Texas-grown corn. Texas Corn Producers Association appreciates USDA and Secretary Rollins’ swift action against the screw worm, accelerating our ability to protect our animals and markets,” said Texas Corn Producers Association Executive Vice President David Gibson.

“I commend President Trump and Secretary Rollins for their decisive action to protect Florida’s cattle industry from the devastating threat of the New World Screwworm. By accelerating construction of a domestic sterile fly distribution facility, USDA is putting America’s ranchers first, safeguarding our food supply, and defending the backbone of our agricultural communities. Their leadership ensures that America’s cattle producers can continue to feed our nation and the world,” said Representative Daniel Webster (FL-11).

“We applaud USDA Secretary Rollins for taking bold action to protect our food security from invasive pests like the New World Screwworm. This effort follows a letter we sent earlier this year encouraging the USDA to keep this parasite out of our country. The Trump Administration and congressional Republicans will always put American farmers and ranchers FIRST!” said Representative Mark Alford (MO-4).

“I am thankful to see Secretary Rollins take decisive action to combat the New World Screwworm. Building a sterile fly production facility in Edinburg, Texas, will put America first and end our reliance on other countries. Thank you, Secretary Rollins for your continued support for our farmers,” said Representative Michael Guest (MS-03).

“The strong, decisive leadership of President Trump, Secretary Rollins, and USDA continues to put the farmers, ranchers, and ag producers who feed, fuel, and clothe the world first. Investing in a domestic sterile fly facility is a critical step to stop the spread of New World Screwworm. Thank you for standing with American ranchers and taking decisive action to protect American livestock. Promises made, promises kept,” said Representative Tracy Mann (KS-1).

“Investing in a domestic fly facility is a necessary step to combat the spread of New World Screwworm. This decision will protect American agriculture, livestock, and our food supply. Thank you Secretary Rollins for your decisive leadership on this issue. Supporting American farmers and ranchers is another promise made, promise kept by this administration!” said Representative Mike Simpson (ID-2).

“New World Screwworm is not only a threat to livestock, but also the livelihoods of farmers and ranchers across the great state of Texas. Secretary Rollins’ bold five-pronged strategy and the deployment of an $8.5 million sterile fly dispersal facility in South Texas demonstrates this

administration’s unwavering commitment to supporting America’s agricultural producers. I look forward to continuing to work alongside the Trump administration to ensure this plan is fully implemented and our farmers and ranchers have the federal support necessary to protect their operations and America’s food security,” said Representative August Pfluger (TX-11).

“Texas has long led the nation’s cattle industry, and it’s imperative for state and federal leaders to use every tool at our disposal to protect our food supply from the destructive New World screwworm. Today’s announcement of funding I supported for the USDA to combat this pest is a huge step forward, and I thank Secretary Rollins and Governor Abbott for their work and will continue to work alongside them to ensure Texas has the resources it needs to halt the spread,” said Texas Senator John Cornyn.

“Agriculture and livestock are a core part of Texas economy and are how the Lone Star State feeds America and the world. I applaud Secretary Rollins for understanding the threat posed by the New World Screwworm and taking immediate action. I have been working with Secretary Rollins, Texas authorities, and my colleagues in Congress to safeguard America’s livestock from this threat,” said Texas Senator Ted Cruz.

“If we do not act now, the New World Screwworm could devastate Texas livestock and wildlife. Thank you, Secretary Rollins, for swiftly establishing the critical sterile fly distribution facility in Hidalgo County and delivering solutions to combat the threat posed by this parasite. I am committed to working alongside the Administration to put Texas farmers and ranchers first and safeguard our agriculture industry,” said Representative Monica De La Cruz (TX-15).

“This Congress, one of my top priorities has been to strengthen our nation’s preparedness against a potential screwworm outbreak. That includes the construction of a domestic fly production facility, which is a key pillar of my STOP Screwworms Act. Under Secretary Rollins’ leadership of the USDA, we have made incredible strides to eliminate this dangerous parasite and protect our livestock industry. Today’s historic announcement is just further proof that this administration is prioritizing our farmers and ranchers like never before. Thank you, Secretary Rollins and Governor Abbott, for always being a steadfast partner in the good fight to protect Texas’ essential farmers and ranchers,” said Representative Tony Gonzales (TX-23).

Background & Previous Action

Since announcing the plan in June, Secretary Rollins, USDA, and our federal and state partners have worked around the clock to keep NWS out of the United States and prepare for all contingencies in case NWS does enter the United States:

• After a case of NWS was reported 370 miles south of the United States-Mexico border in July, Secretary Rollins closed southern ports of entry to livestock trade. This new northward detection came approximately two months after northern detections were reported in Oaxaca and Veracruz, less than 700 miles away from the

U.S. border, which triggered the closure of our ports to Mexican cattle, bison, and horses on May 11, 2025.

• USDA is investing $21 million to renovate an existing fruit fly production facility in Metapa, Mexico, which will provide an additional 60-100 million sterile flies. APHIS technical experts developed a comprehensive work plan and will continue to share their expertise to help Mexico bring this facility online as quickly as possible.

• In June, APHIS began modifying an existing building at Moore Air Base in South Texas to establish a domestic sterile insect dispersal facility. Construction of the $8.5 million facility is on track for substantial completion at the end of 2025, with capacity to process up to 100 million flies a week, sourced from the existing production facility in Panama and, eventually, the facility USDA is helping renovate in Mexico. Importantly, this is part of our extensive contingency planning should NWS one day be detected in the United States. This facility does not produce sterile flies and will only be used if USDA

• USDA is rapidly exploring and seeking to validate a variety of technologies. APHIS held four public listening sessions to learn from companies, industry, academia, and the public about e-beam and x-ray technologies, potential sterile NWS strain improvements, genetically engineered flies, modular and other facilities for sterilization, and fast-tracking animal drug and treatment approvals, among other proposals. APHIS is further evaluating and validating the most promising options to help inform ongoing decision-making.

• USDA leadership and technical staff at all levels continue daily collaboration with Mexico to contain NWS within its borders.

• As part of a robust audit of Mexico’s animal health controls, APHIS conducted site visits in June to evaluate Mexico’s response and provide comprehensive feedback. As a result of inadequacies found in this audit,

The Central Nevada Regional Water Authority was established in 2005 to proactively address water issues in the Central Region, the largest of Nevada's 14 hydrographic regions. CNRWA formulates and presents a united position on water-related issues; monitors, assesses and responds to water projects that may adversely impact a member county; implements a groundwater monitoring program and encourages citizen participation in water-related issues. CNRWA’s nine member counties are: Churchill, Elko, Esmeralda, Eureka, Humboldt, Lander, Nye, Pershing, and White Pine.

USDA is working diligently to help Mexico improve its surveillance, including development of a more robust trapping plan to conduct surveillance in areas of greatest priority, particularly in and around Veracruz and along the United States-Mexico border.

• APHIS published an updated national disease response strategy for NWS, and is partnering with state animal and wildlife health officials to update and finalize emergency management plans. The agency is providing training and webinars for federal and state animal and wildlife officials, Tribal partners, and veterinarians.

• APHIS made a number of technical and informational materials available to escalate communications and public outreach along the United States-Mexico border, particularly with veterinarians and animal owners. Materials such as pest ID cards and pest alerts raise awareness to be on the lookout for NWS. APHIS experts have held over 50 meetings with stakeholders to enlist their help and keep them informed about NWS developments, with several more upcoming webinars for members of the animal industry, vets, and state animal health officials.

• USDA is leveraging Agricultural Research Service (ARS) experts to continue to develop novel treatments, preventatives, and response strategies. ARS scientists are located both in Texas at the Knipling-Bushland Livestock Insects Research Laboratory and at the Panama-United States Commission for the Eradication and Prevention of Screwworm (COPEG) facility in Panama. They are evaluating new attractants and potential trap and kill systems, improving the efficiency of sterile NWS production techniques, evaluating NWS strains, including genetically engineered strains, and developing models to predict NWS northward spread, among many other projects.

• FDA has information available about current extralabel use of approved animal drugs and their role in treatment and prevention of NWS in animals.

Learn more about the USDA screwworm response activities here: www.aphis.usda.gov/livestockpoultry-disease/cattle/ticks/screwworm

and eastern

and strong

institutions in a healthy natural environment. For more information, please contact:

deems it necessary to distribute flies in the Southern United States and northern Mexico.

SIRLOIN

Five-Way Mini Meatloaves

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1/3 cup finely chopped onion

1/3 cup reduced-fat 2% milk

1 egg, lightly beaten

1 teaspoon minced garlic

1/2 teaspoon salt

1/4 teaspoon pepper

Topping: Ketchup or BBQ Sauce, shredded cheddar

Italian Variation

Add 1/2 cup chopped mushrooms, 1/2 cup pasta sauce and 1/4 cup chopped fresh basil to base meatloaf ingredients. Bake 22 to 24 minutes, until internal temperature reaches 160°F. Evenly top with shredded Parmesan cheese. Let stand 5 minutes before serving. Serve with additional pasta sauce and garnish with chopped basil, as desired.

Directions:

Heat oven to 350°F. Combine all ingredients in large bowl, mixing lightly but thoroughly. NOTE! Use a gentle touch with ground beef. Over-mixing will result in burgers, meatballs or meatloaves with a firm texture.

Cook’s Tip: To make cracker crumbs, place crackers in food-safe plastic bag; close bag securely, squeezing out air. Crush crackers with rolling pin to form fine crumbs. Shape beef mixture into 12 equal portions. Place into 12-cup standard muffin pan, lightly patting beef mixture to level top. Bake in 350°F oven 19 to 20 minutes, until internal temperature reaches 160°F.

Cook’s Tip: Cooking times are for fresh or thoroughly thawed Ground Beef. Ground Beef should be cooked to an internal temperature of 160°F. Color is not a reliable indicator of Ground Beef doneness.

Remove from oven. Garnish as desired. Let stand 5 minutes before serving.

Greek Variation

Add 3 tablespoons of well-chopped Kalamata olives and 1/2 teaspoon dried oregano to base meatloaf ingredients. Bake 22 to 24 minutes, until internal temperature reaches 160°F. Evenly top with crumbled feta cheese. Let stand 5 minutes before serving. Serve with prepared tzatiki sauce, garnished with sliced cucumber and fresh dill, as desired.

Asian Variation

Add 1/4 cup chopped green onions and 1 teaspoon minced fresh ginger to base meatloaf ingredients. Bake 22 to 24 minutes, until internal temperature reaches 160°F. Evenly top with hoisin sauce or teriyaki glaze. Let stand 5 minutes before serving. Garnish with chopped peanuts, sliced green onions and/ or chopped cilantro, as desired.

www.beefitswhatsfordinner.com

Spanish Variation

Add 1/2 cup of finely chopped red bell pepper, 1/4 cup finely chopped Spanish olives, and 1 teaspoon of smoked paprika to base meatloaf ingredients. Bake 22 to 24 minutes, until internal temperature reaches 160°F. Evenly top with shredded manchego cheese. Let stand 5 minutes before serving. Garnish with sliced Spanish olives.

Nevada Legislature

In my experience, during my many years working with the Nevada Legislature, every time a legislative session ends there is a period during which it is very difficult to think about politics or public policy issues.

Nevada’s 120 day sessions are so packed with meetings, committee hearings and just general vigilance and watchfulness most legislators, lobbyists and members of the Executive branch who also spend a great part of their time working on legislative activity dial it back enough to not be extremely busy during the three prime summer months. I have tried to take a little time off through the years but as they say- the best laid plans.

I will discuss some of the concerns I have identified and give an example of a measure relating to unintended consequences which is always a danger in the short sessions we have in Nevada.

During the 2025 recent legislature, many readers will remember the bill known as the Agricultural Workers’ Bill of Rights, SB 172. This legislation would have required overtime pay for farm workers, a mandatory meal time five hours after beginning work and a pathway to unionization for agricultural workers among other things. The bill was vigorously opposed by agriculture interests and other probusiness organizations.

It was amended three times but did not pass in the final days of the legislature. The reason I mention it in this writing is I fully expect it to come back and be introduced in the 2027 Legislature. Therefore, even though I would like a little break from government affairs activities the need to be vigilant and counter the arguments in favor of this worker’s bill of rights is ever-present. You producers out there might take a look at this bill on the legislative web site [leg. state.nv.us] and come up with your own arguments why this idea would not work in a ranch context even though it might work for a hardware store.

Another example of legislation that slipped under the radar and did not come to the attention of most employers was SB 305 which became law in 2023. The effective date was not until July 1st of this year. Employers are now required to establish a Nevada

Employee Savings Trust Program (NEST). I found out about this law just recently. The bill passed with only fifteen votes against it.

Some of the requirements in this measure that concern me include the creation of a Board authorized to establish a Program whereby a covered employer (with more than five employees for more than 120 days) must enroll all covered employees and then contribute out of the covered employee’s wages an amount set by the Board to an Individual Retirement account. The employee can opt out of the program and elect not to participate but they must be offered enrollment first by the employer.

Now don’t get me wrong. I am a firm believer in planning for retirement and setting aside contingency funds to the full extent that we can. However, should the state be involved in making an effort to help workers to this degree; and why is the onus for establishing and reporting to the state on the employer?

We have all dealt with bureaucracies when a government overreaches with good intentions but which ends up making our lives and businesses more complicated and complex. I question whether the state should be involved in a worker’s private business to this extent. I wonder if this consequence was the actual intent of the legislature in 2023.

Other things keep me up all night and interrupt my goal to do less after a legislative session for a month or so.

If you are a rancher in northern California and Nevada and you are close to Oregon or Idaho you might be worrying as I am about wolves. The Sierra Valley in California is less than an hour from Reno. It is a prime ranching valley with a proud agricultural history. There have been multiple wolf attacks on cattle recently in Sierra Valley. I am concerned about that.

While writing this, there is a Tuscarora vicinity wildfire which has grown to over 70,000 acres. I have friends threatened by that fire and I’m very concerned for their safety and that of their cattle.

We are all benefiting from the current calf market. The prices being paid are historic high. However, I worry how long this will last and whether demand for the product at retail will continue. Friends of mine, not in the business of agriculture, ask me about these high prices all the while saying they are devoted fans of the product. What impact to the other markets if the futures market gets soft and does not hold up as it has lately.

We still do not know the impact the tariffs will have on agriculture in general and the beef sector in particular. For the short term the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement should continue to have a stabilizing effect for our beef industry. We can only hope the stabilizer factors stay in place. What about weather, drought, labor, bio- terrorism and etc? I guess a column for another day.

I’ll see you soon.

Nevada Water Solutions LLC

Water Rights / Resource Permitting Expertise

Thomas K. Gallagher, PE

775 • 825 • 1653 / FAX 775 • 825 • 1683

333 Flint Street / Reno, NV 89501 tomg@nevadawatersolutions.com

News from the desk of NDA DIRECTOR GOICOECHEA

Welcome New NDA Staff Members

Recently, the NDA had the pleasure of welcoming 12 new staff members who have transferred over from the Nevada Department of Health and Human Services’ Division of Public and Behavioral Health. As part of Senate Bill 466 of the 83rd Legislative Session, food safety inspections have been consolidated under the NDA, creating a more streamlined and straightforward process for Nevadans selling food and agriculture products to the public. With these new team members, we look forward to creating a better food system in Nevada!

JJ Goicoechea

JJ Goicoechea, Director Nevada Dept of Agriculture 405 South 21st Street Sparks, NV 89431

NDA Veterinary Diagnostician retires after 21 years

TAfter 21 years of dedicated service to the NDA and the state of Nevada as Veterinary Diagnostician in the Animal Disease Lab, Keith Forbes, DVM, will be retiring on Sept. 5. Dr. Forbes joined the NDA in 2004, having previously worked in private veterinary medicine for 15 years. Dr. Forbes has played a critical role in identifying and managing animal disease across Nevada, safeguarding the state’s agriculture economy and food security. We thank him for his tireless dedication and wish him a happy retirement!

2025 Allium inspections underway

This time of year, NDA staff are busy protecting Nevada’s vital allium (onion and garlic) crops. NDA staff diligently inspect over 5,000 acres of allium annually for two destructive plant pathogens: white rot fungus and stem and bulb nematode. Why are these tiny threats such a big deal? Because once they infect a field, that land is quarantined and can’t grow allium again for up to 20 years. To safeguard Nevada’s allium industry, any infected fields are quarantined, preventing the spread and preserving our statewide production. These inspections also play a key role in helping Nevada onions reach international markets.

Help provide data for backyard bird exposure to HPAI

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) is interested in learning more about backyard poultry flocks and their owners. The results from this anonymous survey will be used to improved Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) prevention activities and resources. Visit https://redcap.link/backyardflock to complete the survey.

Schedule livestock inspections for the approaching livestock shipping season

As the livestock shipping season approaches, the NDA wants to remind livestock owners to schedule livestock inspections ahead of time. This is a busy time for inspectors, so booking early will help ensure a smoother process and continuity of commerce. To find out who your regional brand inspector is, call the Elko office at 775-753-1360.

School’s back in session

Complete the Free and Reduced-Price Meal Eligibility Form through your school to access free

meals

Access to nutritious meals shouldn’t be a concern for any child. The NDA encourages parents and guardians who may have students who need access to food to fill out the Application for Free or Reduced-Price School Meals. Students enrolled in a Community Eligibility Provision (CEP) school should already have access to free school meals. To find out if your school is providing free meals to all students or to access an Application for Free or Reduced-Price School Meals, reach out to your school directly.

Funding Opportunities

1) USDA FSA adverse weather resources:

• The USDA is offering assistance for producers in designated severe drought conditions (Clark, Elko, Esmeralda, Humboldt, Lincoln, Mineral, Nye and White Pine). Producers in these counties can apply for 2025 Farm Service Agency (FSA) emergency loan assistance, Emergency Assistance for Livestock, Honey Bees and Farm-Raised Fish (ELAP) and Livestock Forage Program (LFP).

• In addition to severe drought conditions, those who suffer losses from other natural disasters, such as wildfires, should use the Disaster Assistance Discovery Tool (www.farmers.gov/protectionrecovery/disaster-tool) to find assistance programs that can provide assistance.

• Stage 1 applications are now open for Supplemental Disaster Relief Program (SDRP) for producers who suffered revenue, quality or production losses to crops, trees, bushes, or vines due to qualifying disaster events in calendar years 2023 and 2024. For info and to apply for Stage 1-Stage 2, visit www.fsa.usda.gov/ resources/programs/supplemental-disaster-reliefprogram-sdrp

• Emergency Conservation Program (ECP): www.fsa.usda.gov/resources/programs/emergencyconservation-program-ecp

• Emergency Farm Loans: www.fsa.usda.gov/ resources/programs/emergency-farm-loans

2) USDA Rural Development resource guide to help rural entrepreneurs start and grow their businesses: visit www.rd.usda.gov

3) USDA launched a new website, www.usda.gov/ meat to communicate open and pending programs focused on expanding meat and poultry processing capacity.

4) USDA updated the list of eligible conservation practices for Inflation Reduction Act funding. To learn more, view the pdf at www.nrcs.usda.gov/sites/ default/files/2023-10/NRCS-CSAF-MitigationActivities-List.pdf

Job Opportunities

The most up-to-date job listings can be found at nvjobs.nv.gov (check out the new jobs just listed!)

Nevada Farm Bureau

Issues To Which We Will Need To Learn To Respond

By Doug Busselman | NFB Executive Vice President

The Nevada Farm Bureau Federation, as well as other Nevada agricultural organizations, are member-oriented and member-directed advocates for farm and ranch families. When Nevada agricultural representatives lobby for or against legislative proposals, they are following the wishes of members who have expressed issues that they have been dealing with and take positions they want dealt with.

Nevada Farm Bureau policy states:

“Agricultural Overtime Requirements –Because of the impact of weather as well as the seasonal and intensive nature of the agricultural industry, agriculture labor should remain exempt from the state’s overtime requirements (law and regulations.”

The purpose for SB 172, proposed by Senator Edgar Flores from Las Vegas (District 2)

As introduced, it sought to accomplish several objectives:

• Take away agriculture’s exemption from overtime. Farm and rancher employers would be required to pay employees overtime wages for anything over eight hours a day and 40 hours per week.

• Establish a prescriptive “Agricultural Works’ Bill of Rights.” It also provided for agricultural workers to organize and form collective bargaining units - (unions).

• Create an “Advisory Committee” to advise the Labor Commissioner of what regulatory and legislative proposals should be developed for the benefit of agricultural workers. The committee would be made up of nine voting members:

* 2 members who are advocates, appointed by the Labor Commissioner;

* 2 members who are advocates of agricultural workers;

* 3 members who represent agricultural employers, appointed by the Director of Agriculture; and

* 2 members who are from the Farmworker Law Program of Legal Services.

Over the recent past Nevada farmers and ranchers have not had to respond to such an attack. Passage of such legislation would have not only harmed agriculture employers but would have also hurt agricultural employees. At a certain point you can’t financially cover the costs of labor and alternatives needs to be considered/implemented. Currently, employees are being paid for the number of hours that they work. Paying time and a half for eight hours a day or 40 hours a week could easily result in limiting hours to 8 hours a day and 40 hours a week.

Union champions advocating for passage of the bill couldn’t grasp the fundamental point that farmers and ranchers are price takers –not price setters. There are currently some commodities which have very strong markets. There are also commodities for which this isn’t the case.

Nevada Farm Bureau also opposed the component in the bill which sought to legalize the establishment of a framework to pursue unions for farm and ranch employees.

Beyond taking away the exemption for overtime and providing for the establishment of unions, the expansion of the role for the Labor Commissioner was troubling.

The stacked deck of “advisory” members would have been a system that would never stop forcing more burdens on agricultural employers. The potentially six committee members would carry out studies and then make suggestions to the Legislature about

what could be done to provide “even better” conditions for agricultural employees.

Similar laws in California, Colorado and the state of Washington have proven to be negative for agricultural employers and employees.

There is a high likelihood that future Nevada Legislatures will see legislative proposals like SB 172. We’re going to need better election effort to hopefully make for better outcomes in the legislature. SB 172 was defeated in the Nevada Assembly by running out the clock, successfully attaching an amendment that costs time in getting a vote. Nevada Senators, on 13 “yea” 7 “nay” and 1 “excused from voting” did pass the bill.

We also might need to develop new tactics to challenge those who strive to make it more difficult for agricultural producers to be sustainable. For some, helping them to better understand the economics of agricultural enterprises might work, but those who supported SB 172, labor unions and social justice advocates like “Make the Road Nevada” aren’t looking to understand Nevada agriculture. They have an agenda and are intent in achieving their objectives.

The 2025 Nevada Legislature drew strong agricultural advocates into direct action, showing up for hearings and voicing the insights that legislators needed to hear.

We also appreciated the support that we got from the Nevada Department of Agriculture and non-agricultural associations who spoke out about the importance of Nevada agriculture.

Showcase Your Ag Knowledge at the YF&R Discussion Meet in Winnemucca

By Brittney Money | NFB Director of Communications

Are you ready to test your communication skills, deepen your knowledge of agriculture, and engage with other passionate young ag leaders? The Young Farmers & Ranchers (YF&R) Discussion Meet is your opportunity to do just that—and we want YOU to compete!

Hosted each year at the Nevada Farm Bureau Annual Meeting, the YF&R Discussion Meet is a dynamic event that simulates a committee meeting. Participants actively discuss important agricultural topics and are judged on their ability to engage, collaborate, and offer meaningful solutions. This isn’t a debate—it’s about building consensus and showing how agricultural leaders can come together to solve real-world issues.

Who Can Compete?

Anyone between the ages of 18 and 35 can compete

Why Compete?

• Sharpen your public speaking and discussion skills

• Explore current ag issues and policy challenges

• Network with fellow young professionals

• Represent Nevada on the national stage!

Cash Prizes:

• 1st Place: $500 • 2nd Place: $300 • 3rd Place: $150 • 4th Place: $50

The Nevada state winner will advance to compete at the national level— either the American Farm Bureau Federation Discussion Meet or the Collegiate Discussion Meet, depending on eligibility.

The 2026 Discussion Meet questions are available by scanning the QR code below; they will be used during the 106th Nevada Farm Bureau Annual Meeting.

Interested in competing or have questions? Contact: Brittney Money at brittney@nvfb.org

Don’t miss this chance to grow as a leader, win prizes, and make your voice heard!

Nevada Farm

Bureau’s 106th Annual Meeting: Connect,

Learn, and Grow

The Nevada Farm Bureau is excited to invite members and friends to our 106th Annual Meeting, a key event to celebrate Nevada agriculture, connect with fellow farmers and ranchers, and shape the future of farming in our state.

November 12–14, 2025

Winnemucca Convention Center, Winnemucca, NV

This year’s meeting will feature a full agenda including:

• Updates on agricultural policies and legislative priorities

• Educational sessions and workshops on topics relevant to Nevada agriculture

• Opportunities to network with industry leaders and peers

• An exciting Ag Tour exploring a Winnemucca mine

• Recognition of outstanding farmers, ranchers, and volunteers

• The Young Farmers & Ranchers Discussion Meet competition

• And much more!

Whether you’re a longtime Farm Bureau member or new to the ag community, this event is your chance to get involved, learn, and celebrate the hardworking people who keep Nevada’s agriculture strong.

Registration Information

Visit nvfb.org/events/106th-nevada-farm-bureau-annual-meeting to register and find the full schedule, or scan the QR code at left.

Don’t miss this opportunity to be part of Nevada’s premier agricultural gathering. We look forward to seeing you in Winnemucca this November!

Nevada Farm Bureau Grassroots News

Funding Opportunity: Equipment Grants to Strengthen Nevada’s Food Supply Chain

The Nevada Department of Agriculture is offering Simplified Equipment-Only Grants through the Resilient Food Systems Infrastructure (RFSI) program. These grants provide awards ranging from $10,000 to $100,000 with no matching funds required. Funding is available to support the purchase of special-purpose equipment that strengthens food processing, aggregation, and distribution within Nevada’s supply chain (excluding meat and poultry). Eligible applicants include producers, processors, nonprofits, local and tribal governments, and institutions such as schools or hospitals. Applications for the second round are due August 26, 2025, at 3:00 p.m. PDT. Apply here: agri.nv.gov/Administration/Grant_ Opportunities/

Register Now for the 106th Nevada Farm Bureau Annual Meeting!

Mark your calendars for November 12–14, 2025, and join us at the Winnemucca Visitors and Convention Center for the 106th Nevada Farm Bureau Annual Meeting. This annual event brings together farmers, ranchers, and agricultural leaders from across the state for two full days of connection, learning, and leadership.

Why Attend?

• Engage in Meaningful Discussions – Take part in breakout sessions, policy updates, and committee meetings that shape the future of Nevada agriculture.

• Network with Fellow Producers – Build lasting relationships and share ideas with peers, leaders, and industry experts from across the state.

• Support and Inspire Young Leaders – Cheer on participants in the Young Farmers & Ranchers Discussion Meet and witness the next generation of agricultural leadership in action.

• Celebrate Our Community – Enjoy time with fellow Farm Bureau members while honoring the hard work and dedication that keeps Nevada agriculture thriving.

Event Details

Thursday–Friday, November 12–14, 2025

Winnemucca Visitors and Convention Center

Don’t Miss Out

This is your chance to be part of Nevada Farm Bureau’s biggest event of the year. Whether you’re a producer, student, or supporter of agriculture, the Annual Meeting is the place to connect, collaborate, and celebrate Nevada agriculture.

Register today to secure your spot at the 106th Annual Meeting! www.nvfb.org/events/106th-nevada-farmbureau-annual-meeting/

White Pine County Growers Meeting

The White Pine County Farm Bureau is hosting a Growers Meeting on Wednesday, September 3, 2025, from 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. at 950 Campton Street, Ely, NV. This gathering will bring together local farmers, ranchers, and community members to share experiences, talk about challenges, and discuss the programs and priorities that support agriculture in our county.

It’s a great opportunity to connect with neighbors, exchange ideas, and have your voice heard in shaping the future of agriculture in White Pine County. We encourage you to join us for this important conversation and be part of strengthening our local ag community.

Nevada Division Of Water Resources To Hold Public Meeting On Extension Of Time

The Nevada Division of Water Resources will hold a public meeting on Tuesday, September 9 (2 p.m. to 4 p.m.) to continue the ongoing discussion of regulations associated with the Extension of Time. In January 2025 the Division released a three-year review ) of the Regulations on Extensions of Time. This report offers a clear overview of the number of extensions of time approvals and denials for granting extensions. The section in the report entitled “Summary of Public Comment and Potential Regulation Updates” is very helpful in seeing the basis on which decisions are made to agree with the request for extensions or not to approve for the extension.

In the September 9th meeting, the Division of Water Resources will also be looking for feedback on draft forms that they have been updated to improve the content for the process. Those draft forms for “Form 1021” and Form 1022” can be found at https://tinyurl. com/Form1021-Ext

You can attend the meeting in person, traveling to the Carson City offices of the Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (901 S. Stewart Street) or participate through the “Teams” virtual link up that the agency uses.

Virtual Meeting ID: 229 873 740 440 5

Passcode: DG9PX7BF

By phone: +1 775-321-6111, 375791113#

Written comments will be accepted through September 26, 2025. Comments timely received will be posted on the Division of Water Resources website. Comments may be sent to ndwr-regscomment@ water.nv.gov or sent by mail to the Division Office in Carson City.

Nevada Farm Bureau Actions On SB 31 And The Need For Policy Consideration

Over the course of the past several weeks we’ve been covering the “Top Five Legislative Accomplishments” that Nevada Farm Bureau had in the 2025 Nevada Legislature. This week we wrap that series up with background on the defeat of SB 31.

Nevada Farm Bureau opposed passage of SB 31 on the basis that it proposed to give federal agencies an unfair advantage as it related to vested water right claims.

Even though the bill did not become law the unresolved issue remains with a need for discussion in Farm Bureau policy development on what our organizational policy should be going forward in the 2027 and beyond Legislatures.

In the 2017 Nevada Legislature, Nevada’s vested water right law was changed, requiring that those who claim vested water rights to submit their proof of claim to the State Engineer on or before December 31, 2027. Nevada Farm Bureau supported passage of the bill that changed the state water law to get everyone’s claim to have vested water rights to put that claim on the record. SB 31 of the 2025 Legislative session would have changed the law, letting federal agencies out of the requirement for the December 2027 deadline.

In dealing with possible options for getting workable language for SB 31, there were a number of ideas floated, including extending the deadline to something further down the road or also just deleting the requirement all the way. Perhaps there could be an alternative to have the State Engineer start a process of a statewide adjudication, which would bring about the requirements for everyone – including federal government agencies – to submit their claims.

We hope that county Farm Bureaus include discussions and proposed language for this year’s policy development process on this issue.

H-2A Application Costs Add More To An Already Costly Program

When it comes to filling the need for agricultural workers, the H-2A program is the only game in town but as American Farm Bureau Federation associate economist Samatha Ayoub points out in this recent Market Intel there’s a lot about working through the requirements for the program aren’t exactly wonderful. Read more here: https://www.fb.org/market-intel/snailmail-and-government-bills-h-2a-application-costs

Ol’

fashioned service in a true western spirit

2025 Customer Appreciation Event

Snyders’ Pinenut Livestock Supply may be “The Cow Store” but we are in the people business. The first week of August, we held Customer Appreciation Events at each of our locations. We are grateful for our customers, whether commercial operations, hobby farms or youth working on agriculture projects. Our customers are the pulse of our business, and we wanted to express appreciation and enjoy our community with a lunch while sharing knowledge from vendors Bar Ale and Integrity Horse Feed.

“I had an incredible time visiting with our customers while savoring some mouth-watering BBQ! Each store had fantastic turnout, and the atmosphere was filled with laughter and great conversations. The highlight was definitely seeing our loyal customers enjoying good food and even better company. I can’t wait to do this again next year!” said owner Patrick Snyder.

Visit us in Fallon, Gardnerville and Winnemucca! 4320 W. Winnemucca Blvd. | Winnemucca, NV 89445 775-625-1200 | www.pinenutlivestocksupply.com

THE ROUNDUP

An analysis of western ranching politics.

WILDFIRE UPDATE

Number of new large fires: 4

Number of active large fires: 90

Acres in active fires: 1,149,547

New large fires contained: 3

Updated as of August 27, National Interagency Fire Report: www.nifc.gov/nicc-files/sitreprt.pdf

IN THE NEWS

Wildfire: Concerns about post-fire risk of flooding; Spain shows grazing is key in wildfire prevention around the world; Colorado Senator urges USDA cooperation in fire recovery; USFS Chief outlines priorities. Monsoonal rains are dousing western Colorado wildfires. They also come with serious flood concerns. Colorado Sun - Five major wildfires are burning on Colorado’s Western Slope, spanning nearly 200,000 acres in total. Most are partially or almost fully contained, except for the 5,345-acre Derby fire north of Dotsero in rural Eagle County. On Sunday, storms quickly dumped a half-inch of rain in the Four Corners area and in Pitkin County. Rio Blanco County, where the Lee Fire is, saw 0.71 inches of rain. The Lee fire topped 100,000 acres Aug. 9 and ranks as the fourth-largest wildfire in Colorado history. Within minutes of the rainfall Sunday, members of the public reported flash floods in Rio Blanco County, where minirivers of “classic black fire debris” were flowing through Shute Gulch, McCarthy Gulch and Half Moon Gulch, according to preliminary local storm reports. A general guideline is that half an inch of rainfall in less than an hour is

sufficient to cause flash flooding in a burn area, depending on factors like the area’s terrain, the severity of the fire and precipitation amount according to the NWS.

The fire shepherds deploying goats and cows to fight wildfires. MSN - In Spain, traditional pastoralists may hold the key to fighting the growing problem of wildfires that are devastating southern Europe. This summer, Spain has been ravaged by forest fires. In August alone, more than 20 major wildfires blazed across the western regions of Extremadura, Castile and Leon and even farther north into Galicia, scorching an area of land about twice the size of London. Criticism of the government’s ability to combat such blazes has mounted. But one answer to the task of preventing fires from breaking out in the first place may lie in Spain’s north-east. Here, the teeth of cows, sheep and donkeys are being deployed to fight back against the forces of climate change by managing scrubland. In Catalonia, “fire shepherds” like Marc Arcarons lead their herds of cows, sheep or donkeys through the countryside, in practices that have varied little for centuries.

Bennet Urges Secretary Rollins to Work With Colorado on Summer Wildfire Recovery Effort. Press Release - Colorado U.S. Senator Michael Bennet urged U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Secretary Brooke Rollins to deliver fast, coordinated assistance to Colorado’s livestock producers to help recover from this summer’s wildfires. Livestock production is Colorado’s largest agricultural commodity, with families raising livestock in every county of Colorado. Livestock and livestock products provide more than $6.3 billion in cash receipts annually and sustain rural economies across Colorado.

industry groups and prominent think tanks such as Americans for Prosperity. Schultz said his “back-to-basics” approach to “multiple-use management” will favor expedited review for natural resource development by overhauling agency guidance on federal laws such as the National Environmental Policy Act and the Endangered Species Act. Schultz also said he intends to aggressively suppress all wildfires and make more U.S. Forest Service land accessible for recreational use by motorized users and others.

ESA: Court dismisses most claims in suit challenging NM grazing.

Suit Over Forest Service’s New Mexico Grazing Plan Mostly Tossed. Bloomberg Law - Environmental groups suing over livestock grazing management in the Santa Fe National Forest failed to properly indicate to the US Forest Service exactly which Endangered Species Act violations they were alleging, a federal judge said. Magistrate Judge Laura Fishing of the US District Court for the District of New Mexico largely dismissed the suit from WildEarth Guardians, Western Watersheds Project, and Caldera Action, stating their 60day notice of intent to sue wrongly represented the action and the complaint included timebarred claims.

Sage grouse: WY rancher challenges wind farm due to bird impacts.

Rancher Challenges Wyoming Wind Project Over Wildlife, Lease Rules. Cowboy State Daily - Converse County rancher Mike Stephens has long worried about what massive wind turbines might do to the wildlife on state land near his family’s multi-generational ranch. But it wasn’t until this month that his attorneys spelled out those concerns in detail in Converse County District Court. In particular, Stephens is troubled by what the spinning shadows wind turbines might do to sage grouse — or as he calls them, “sage chickens” — that rely on the area for critical winter habitat. “The damaging part is to sage chickens, that shadow,” Stephens told Cowboy State Daily. “I don’t know if you’ve ever seen chickens, like domestic chickens or any bird. If they see a shadow, they are hightailing it because they know a bird of prey is going to get them.”

USFS chief Tom Schultz outlines vision for more logging, mining and grazing and less wildfire in America’s national forests. WyoFile - U.S. Forest Service Chief Tom Shultz on Tuesday said America’s national forests need less wildfire and more logging, mining, grazing and recreational activity. Schultz was the keynote speaker at a conference organized by the Congressional Western Caucus and chaired by U.S. Rep. Doug LaMalfa, R-California. The multi-day summit in the Flathead Valley has given U.S. senators and representatives an opportunity to talk policy with state officials, Sign up for the Weekly Roundup at publiclandscouncil.org/news

Screwworm: Human case of screwworm detected in Maryland.

U.S. Confirms Nation’s First Travel-Associated Human Screwworm Case Connected to Central American Outbreak. Reuters - The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services on Sunday reported the first human case in the United States of travel-associated New World screwworm, a flesh-eating parasite, from an outbreak-affected country. The case, investigated by the Maryland Department of Health and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, was confirmed by the CDC as New World screwworm on August 4, and involved a patient who returned from travel to El Salvador, HHS spokesman Andrew G. Nixon said in an email to Reuters.

Multiple Use: Corner Crossing continues to generate discussion.

The case against corner crossing: One of the most contentious land access issues headed to the U.S. Supreme Court. Beef Magazine -Today, public access to those intermingled sections of federally-managed lands is creating angst between the landowner/lessees and a cadre of activists seeking unfettered use of those federal lands. It’s also stirring up a larger issue swirling around private property rights doctrine.

Anyone familiar with the game of checkers can visualize this corner-crossing problem: to move diagonally across the board, a piece must momentarily occupy the space on and above the opponent’s squares. The question is whether a private landowner can prevent a person from stepping across those adjoining corners of federal public land to access private land.

Animal Health: First anthrax case of the year for ND cattlemen.

ND warns farmers after anthrax found in cattle herd. KX Net - North Dakota’s first case of anthrax this year has been confirmed in a beef cattle herd in Stark County, prompting state officials to urge livestock producers to take precautions. “This is the first case we have had in Stark County but have had cases in nearby counties in the past,” State Veterinarian Dr. Ethan Andress said in a press release obtained by KX News. He advised producers in historically affected areas to consult with veterinarians about risk factors and vaccination needs. Effective vaccines are available, but immunity takes more than a week to develop and requires annual boosters. Producers are encouraged to monitor herds for unexplained deaths and submit samples to diagnostic labs.

Sheep Industry: Domestic production poised to grow.

Sheep and Goat Meat Market to Experience Moderate Growth; IndexBox - Driven by increasing demand for sheep and goat meat in No. America, the market is expected to continue an upward trend over the next decade. Market performance is forecast to decelerate, expanding with an anticipated CAGR of +1.1% from 2024 to 2035, which is projected to bring the market volume to 318K tons by the end of 2035. In value terms, the market is forecast to increase with an anticipated CAGR of +1.4% for the period from 2024 to 2035, which is projected

to bring the market value to $2.1B (in nominal wholesale prices) by the end of 2035. In 2024, the amount of meat consumed in No. America skyrocketed to 280K tons, increasing by 19% against the previous year. Total volume increased at an average annual rate of +3.1% from 2013 to 2024; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. As a result, consumption attained the peak volume and is likely to continue growth in the immediate term. The value of the sheep and goat meat market in Northern America skyrocketed to $1.8B in 2024, growing by 22% against the previous year.

Governor Lombardo signs

AB 333 returning the NV State Fairgrounds to the Nevada Department of Agriculture

June to be established as Agriculture Month in Nevada with first State Fair since 2010

On Wednesday, Aug. 6, 2025, Governor Joe Lombardo signed AB 333 of the 83rd Legislative Session transferring the Nevada State Fairgrounds back to the Nevada Department of Agriculture (NDA).

“This was the work of partnership in support of Nevada agriculture,” said Nevada Deptartment of Agriculture Director J.J. Goicoechea. “From county and state lawmakers to local organizations, their support ensures that there is a place for agriculture in Nevada.”

The Nevada State Fairgrounds, also known as the Reno Sparks Livestock Events Center, was originally established and endowed to the NDA in 1867. In 1951, the property was leased to Washoe County. AB 333 requires the NDA Director to reestablish the Nevada State Fairgrounds and restores authority of the property to the NDA. This bill also requires that the facility be used in part for the promotion of Nevada agriculture and establishes a funding account for operations and improvements of the grounds.

“Long term goals include making necessary renovations to improve the safety of the facility and its ability to host a variety of events, including those for agriculture,” said Director Goicoechea. “This is one of the top-booked venues in northern Nevada, and we plan to keep it that way. We will continue to work with Reno-Sparks Convention & Visitors Authority to manage this property and bring in additional agriculture events, in addition to the hundreds of other incredible events already being hosted on the property.”

“As for the month of June,” Director Goicoechea went on to say, “June will be recognized as Agriculture month in the Nevada, with the Nevada State Fairgrounds filling the month in support of Nevada agriculture and our western heritage.”

The NDA will be hosting the first Nevada State Fair since 2010 in June of 2026, leading up to the 250th anniversary of the U.S. The Nevada State Fair will be full of educational opportunities and fun for the entire family and will conclude with the Nevada Junior Livestock Show and Sale which will be held June 1014. This change in date and alignment with the Nevada State Fair will help increase support of Nevada’s youth in agriculture and bring more awareness to the work our students do to promote agriculture. Agriculture Month in Nevada will continue in June with the Reno Rodeo.

WHAT IS CRUNCH DAY?

It’s simple and fun! All you need to do is find a way to “crunch” on some local foods anytime in October. Whether it’s biting into a crisp apple, munching on fresh carrots, or savoring some local corn, we want everyone to join in and learn about the fantastic local foods available.

Schools can participate in Crunch Day through a variety of activities:

• Lunch Crunch – Serve fresh, locally sourced produce as part of school meals.

• Snack Crunch – Incorporate Nevada-grown snacks into classroom activities.

• Learning Bite – Teach students about food’s journey from farm to table through engaging lessons.

WHY CELEBRATE CRUNCH DAY?

By taking part in Nevada’s inaugural Crunch Day, schools help students connect with fresh, local foods while supporting farmers and nutrition education. This event fosters healthy habits, strengthens farm to school connections and makes nutritious eating fun for students across the state.

HOW TO PARTICIPATE

Schools and educators can bring Crunch Day to life by organizing special meal offerings, interactive lessons and fun, hands-on activities. Since this is Nevada’s first Crunch Day, there’s plenty of room for creativity — make it unique to your school and community! We’ve put together this handy toolkit with a variety of options to help you get involved. View/download it here: https://tinyurl.com/CrunchDayToolKit

STAY CONNECTED

To keep track of all the crunchy happenings throughout the state, sign up here for your event: https://tinyurl.com/SignUpToCrunch

Plus, there might be an opportunity for some of our state staff to attend your event and join in the celebration!

Let’s make this Crunch Day a memorable one by coming together to support and celebrate our local agriculture. We can’t wait to see how you crunch!

Q3 2025 UPDATE

A MESSAGE FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

“The Cattle Council continues to champion California’s cattle industry and the ranchers, cattle feeders, and dairy farmers that support it through impactful public affairs and educational initiatives.”

In today’s world, it’s rare to find an issue that members across the political spectrum can fully agree on. However, providing our school-aged children with healthy and nutritious meals seems to be an exception. I’ve yet to meet anyone who disagrees that schoolaged children should have access to fresh, healthy, and nutrient-dense foods. California, home to over 400 different agricultural commodities, also offers some of the best school meals in both nutritional value and taste. These meals are free for any child who wants them, and for many, the healthy food they eat at school makes up the majority of their daily calorie intake.

California beef and dairy are crucial in providing the protein, calcium, and other nutrients that make these meals healthy and tasty. It’s essential that those who agree children should have access to nutritious food also recognize that these foods depend on ranchers, feeders, and dairy farmers—integral parts of California’s agricultural economy.

The Cattle Council aimed to highlight the importance of beef and dairy in our school lunch program by hosting a “Back to Session” event in Sacramento for legislators and their staff. Coincidentally, the legislature returns from summer recess around the same time children go back to school. With support from the California Department of Food & Agriculture and participation from the California Beef Council, Dairy Council of California, California School Nutrition Association, and Lodi Unified School District, the Cattle Council hosted an event just minutes from the Capitol. It offered legislators and staff a sample school lunch and the chance to interact with the Cattle Council and our partners, discussing the benefits of cattle producers to California’s social, environmental, and economic fabric.

The event was well attended, with legislators and staff excited to enjoy a tasty steak salad lunch served with fruit and low-fat milk. Attendees also took the opportunity to speak with industry representatives about key issues before leaving.

The Cattle Council continues to champion California’s cattle industry and the ranchers, cattle feeders, and dairy farmers that support it through impactful public affairs and educational initiatives. Connecting directly with key stakeholders, legislators, and staff is just one of the tactics we use to share our message. Our “Back to Session” event complements our ongoing efforts on your behalf.

I am very grateful to everyone who contributed to making this event a success. Given its positive reception, we hope to do it again next year. For more information about the Cattle Council and to stay updated on our work, please visit our website at www.calcattlecouncil.org.

Keep involved with what the Council is doing! Follow @CattleCouncil on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter to stay engaged and visit our website to learn about other investments the Council has made: calcattlecouncil.org

RECENT INVESTMENTS

CalResilient Campaign Making Statewide Impact

The California Cattle Council’s CalResilient campaign (calresilient.com) is reaching millions of consumers across the state through a strategic mix of broadcast, digital, and outdoor advertising.

Broadcast & Cable TV: Running across Sacramento, Fresno, Redding-Chico, Santa Barbara, Santa Maria, and San Luis Obispo markets. The campaign has delivered an estimated 17.6 million impressions.

Digital Platforms: Ads are live on Meta (Facebook, Instagram), Google (YouTube, Google TV), and programmatic display channels — delivering more than 24.9 million impressions, with an estimated reach of 4.48 million people and an average frequency of 4.57x.

Outdoor Billboards: Travelers are seeing CalResilient messaging at Sacramento International, John Wayne International, and Hollywood Burbank airports—with Fresno Yosemite International Airport launching September 1.

Through this multi-channel strategy, the campaign is ensuring that the resilience and value of California cattle producers are front and center for consumers statewide.

Justin Oldfield

Rangeland Revegetation: A Closer Look

By Charlie D. Clements and Dan Harmon

Often, it is stated in meetings and publications that restoration, or rehabilitation efforts on Great Basin or Intermountain West rangelands are met with high failure rates (e.g. Hardegree et al. 2011, Svejcar et al. 2017, Camp et al. 2025). This has piqued our interest and resulted in a closer look at the many research and demonstration plots we have conducted over the years. The USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Great Basin Rangelands Research Unit has a long history dating back to the 1950’s in invasive weed control and revegetation of arid environments throughout the Great Basin. Pioneer research scientists Raymond Evans, Richard Eckert and James Young laid the foundation for range improvement practices to successfully seed desirable perennial species in arid environments as well as a better understanding of the role exotic and invasive annual grasses, such as cheatgrass, play in out-competing perennial species at the seedling stage and truncating secondary succession by providing an early maturing, fine-textured fuel that has increased the chance, rate, spread and season of wildfire throughout the Great Basin and Intermountain West. Other pioneer researchers, such as A. C. Hull and Joe Pechanec, pointed out in the late 1940s the importance of establishing perennial grasses to reduce cheatgrass invasions (Hull and Pechanec 1947). Pioneer researchers passed on their learning experiences to the

next generation of researchers, such as the importance of effective and efficient weed control to reduce invasive weed competition to improve seeding successes in arid environments. Weed control systems utilizing herbicides was first developed by Richard Eckert to promote the establishment of perennial wheatgrasses in cheatgrass-infested rangelands (Eckert and Evans 1967). Currently, the use of pre-emergent herbicides, such as Plateau (imazapic), are widely used to reduce cheatgrass densities and improve rangeland seeding projects (Camp et al. 2025).

We went through our records for the last 37 years pertaining to revegetation experiments and demonstrations plots throughout northeastern California and northern Nevada to take a closer look at what our experiences have been with success and failures over the nearly four decades. From 1988 through 2024, we have seeded more than 1,000 plots at approximately 47 study sites (these are individual treatments and do not include replicated plots), with the vast majority of sites averaging less than 10” of annual precipitation. Our goal over the years has been to reduce exotic and invasive weeds, increase desirable perennial vegetation and improve the sustainability of grazing and wildlife resources. Our approach was to learn from past researchers and practitioners of what worked and did not work for them as well as use current

Figure 1a. Cheatgrass-infested rangeland (1994) following numerous wildfires in the Dunphy Hills area of northeastern Nevada.

technologies and improved plant materials to meet our stated goals, primarily to reduce the negative impacts caused by cheatgrass invasion and return cheatgrassinfested rangelands back to a perennial vegetative state. Many researchers have pointed out over the years of the importance of seedbed preparation, seed selection and timing of seeding to optimize beneficial seeding results (Plummer1955, Young and Clements 2009).

At the forefront of these important considerations was pioneer range scientist Perry Plummer who spent more than 40 years at the Intermountain Forest and Range Research Station in Utah. Some of our more successful seeding demonstration plots followed Perry Plummer’s protocol of using plant species that provide the most promise for the site, seeding at desirable rates, and seeding in the fall. The only amendment we made was to decrease the number of species in the seed mix following effective cheatgrass control methodologies to optimize our goal of establishing perennial species to reduce cheatgrass densities and fuel loads associated with cheatgrass (Fig. 1a, below).

Perry highly recommended to seed 4 grasses, 4 shrubs and 4 forbs to allow nutritional benefits for livestock and wildlife, but we focused on a 5 species mix of Snake River wheatgrass and crested wheatgrass at 4 pounds per acre each, ‘Immigrant’ forage kochia at 2

Figure 1b. Following a mechanical treatment of a spring disk and fallow application to reduce cheatgrass and associated competition, this site was seeded in the fall of 1997 to perennial grasses, shrubs and forbs and continues to persist and suppress cheatgrass after 25 years.

pounds per acre, Wyoming big sagebrush and ‘Ladak’ alfalfa at 0.25 pound per acre each. The seeding was quite successful and continues to be in a perennial state as well as effectively suppressing cheatgrass and reducing wildfire threats Fig 1b, previous page)

Early researcher Gus Hormay and Ralph Holmgren spent an enormous amount of time researching the restoration of antelope bitterbrush in the mid-1900s, a keystone browse species which provides critical nutritional value and exceptional cover to wildlife and livestock, especially mule deer. Antelope bitterbrush stands were becoming old, lacking seedling recruitments rates needed to sustain antelope bitterbrush populations, which became a major focus of wildlife managers concerned about the negative impacts of the loss of antelope bitterbush stands would have on mule deer populations. Our research on antelope bitterbrush in the early 1990s focused on the seed and seedbed ecology of antelope bitterbrush, the role granivorous rodents played in the harvesting and dispersal of antelope bitterbrush seed as well as seed and seedling predation, transplanting of antelope bitterbrush and of course seeding of antelope bitterbrush Young and Clements 2002). Although it was reported that you could not seed antelope bitterbrush very successfully, and even less so when seeded with perennial grasses, we tested multiple seeding experiments including simulated caches, broadcast seeding, mechanical seeding without perennial grasses and with perennial grasses as well as numerous seeding rates (Clements and Young 2002, Young and Clements 2002). By reducing the seeding rate of antelope bitterbrush to 2 pounds per acre rate, and reducing the perennial grass seeding rate to 4 pounds per acre rate, we experienced excellent antelope bitterbrush seedling recruitment as well as excellent perennial grass establishment to aid in the suppression of cheatgrass. These seeding trials took place for more than a decade and recorded a 70% success rate (Clements and Young 2002) (Figure 2a and 2b, below).

The literature strongly suggests that successful rangeland seedings primarily occur during average to above-average precipitation years (Chambers et al. 2014, Davies et al. 2014, Plummer 1955, Svejcar et al. 2017), we also experience better seeding success during favorable precipitation years. With that said, if you perform rangeland seedings without effective and efficient weed control, use plant materials that have the inherent potential to germinate, emerge, establish and persist at that given ecological site, or do not seed at optimal times or seeding rates then you may experience high failure rates even during average and above-average precipitation years (Clements et al. 2009). Using effective pre-emergent herbicides to significantly reduce cheatgrass competition can increase available moisture to seeded species by more than 40%, which we have experienced seeding successes in below average precipitation years (Clements et al. 2017) (Fig. 3, following page).

It is also heavily reported on the difficulties of successfully seeding native species throughout the Great Basin (Davies et al. 2014, Svejcar et al. 2017, Young and Clements 2009), which has increasingly become a frustration for many land managers. This research unit has focused on the restoration of native species for decades with such species as Indian ricegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, squirreltail, Great Basin wildrye, four-wing saltbush, winterfat and the recently described antelope bitterbrush. Although we have met significant challenges with seeding native species in arid environments, we have also experienced good successes at much higher rates than is suggested in the literature (Clements et al. 2022). Of the more than 1,000 plots and 40 study sites that we have seeded native species, we have recorded a 26% success seeding rate (e.g. > 4 perennial grasses per 10² feet) far greater than the less than 10% seeding success often reported. Our seeding success rate when using introduced species is 74% and when using a mix of

Figure 2a. Following plot-sized research, the implementation of seeding antelope bitterbrush with perennial bunchgrasses successfully restored the site and significantly reduced cheatgrass invasions following wildfire in northeastern California.

native and introduced species, we experienced a 44% seeding success. Over this 37-year span, we have experienced some level of success, 28 of those 37 years, 76%. When we hear these frustrating numbers of less than 10% success on rangeland seeding efforts, our curiosity is heightened. In 2009, we went on a ‘Lessons Learned” field tour in the Elko BLM District and visited 7 rangeland revegetation projects, only one was successful, 14%. We again went on another field tour in 2019 and visited 6 revegetation projects and 5 were successes, 83%. The difference was effective weed control through the proper use of pre-emergent herbicides (applied in September, fallowed for oneyear and seed the following October-November), improved use of plant materials, improved seeding mixes and rates (e.g. native-introduced seed mix, no less than 4 lbs/acre rate on Siberian and bluebunch wheatgrass), and timing of seeding operation (fall) (Fig. 4a and 4b, following page).

One of our main goals has always been to pass our learnings of rangeland rehabilitation/restoration to action personnel on the ground and provide land managers and others the necessary information and tools to successfully restore or rehabilitate degraded rangelands. We have been blessed to build partnerships with individuals within the BLM, US Forest Service, Nevada Department of Wildlife, Nevada Gold Mines, Conservation Districts, ranchers and many others. These partnerships have definitely paid dividends in improving the revegetation of Great Basin rangelands, which ultimately will improve grazing and wildlife resources, reduce wildfire threats, and enhance natural resources and communities. Although the challenges that resource managers are assigned and face annually concerning the revegetation of degraded Great Basin rangelands is a steep climb, the success from climbing that mountain are better than reported.

(...continued next page)

Figure 2b. Testing seeding rates of antelope bitterbrush using a rangeland drill was essential in better understanding the level of recruitment of antelope bitterbrush seedlings and reducing the cost of antelope bitterbrush restoration.

Figure 3. The application of Plateau at 6 oz/acre rate significantly reduced cheatgrass densities and resulted in excellent seedling emergence and establishment of native and introduced perennial grasses with less than 6” of precipitation during the seedling year.

Figure 4a. T his site in northern Nevada, September 2014, was seeded multiple times with nearly complete failure.

Figure 4b. This same site in April 2022 after receiving effective weed control, improved seed mix, rate and timing. These successes are much more common than reported.

SUGGESTED READING

Camp, S.C., Anderson, V.J., Thacker, M.G., Anderson, R.M., Robinson, T.F., Stringham, T.K., Gunnell, K.L., Summers, D.D. and Madsen, M.D., 2025. Improving Seeding Success in Annual GrassInvaded Areas Using Pre-emergent Herbicide and Deep Furrowing Techniques. Rangeland Ecology & Management, 98, pp.256-268.

Chambers, J.C., Miller, R.F., Board, D.I., Pyke, D.A., Roundy, B.A., Grace, J.B., Schupp, E.W. and Tausch, R.J., 2014. Resilience and resistance of sagebrush ecosystems: implications for state and transition models and management treatments. Rangeland Ecology & Management, 67(5): 440-454.

Clements, C. D. and J. A. Young. 2002. Restoring Antelope Bitterbrush: Management guidelines for overcoming the challenges of establishing antelope bitterbrush after a wildfire. Rangelands 24(4):3-6.

Clements, C. D., G. McCuin, R. S. Shane, K. McAdoo and D. N. Harmon. 2009. Wildfire Rehabilitation and Restoration: Triage in the Pursuit of Resilience. Rangelands 31(3)30-35.

Clements, C. D., D. N. Harmon, R. R. Blank and M. Weltz. 2017. Improving Seeding Success on Cheatgrass Infested Rangelands in Northern Nevada. Rangelands 39(6):174-181.

Clements, C. D., D. N. Harmon and R. R. Blank. 2022. Seed mix performance and cheatgrass suppression on arid rangelands. Rangelands 44(2):129-135.

Davies, K.W., Boyd, C.S., Johnson, D.D., Nafus, A.M. and Madsen, M.D., 2015. Success of seeding native compared with introduced perennial vegetation for revegetating medusahead-invaded sagebrush rangeland. Rangeland Ecology & Management, 68(3):224-230.

Eckert, R. E., Jr., and R. A. Evans. 1967. A chemical-fallow technique for control of downy brome and establishment of perennial grasses on rangelands. Journal Range Mgmt 20:35-41.

Hardegree, S.P., Sheley, R.L., James, J.J., Reeves, P.A., Richards, C.M., Walters, C.T., Boyd, C.S., Moffet, C.A. and Flerchinger, G.N., 2020. Germination syndromes and their relevance to rangeland seeding strategies in the Intermountain Western United States. Rangeland Ecology & Management, 73(2), pp.334-341.

Hull, A.C. and Pechanec, J.F., 1947. Cheatgrass--a challenge to range research. Journal of Forestry, 45(8), pp.555-564.

Plummer, A.P., 1955. Seeding rangelands in Utah, Nevada, southern Idaho and western Wyoming (No. 71). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.

Svejcar, T., C. Boyd, K. Davies, E. Hamerlynck and L. Svejcar. 2017. Challenges and limitations to native species restoration in the Great Basin, USA. Plant Ecology 218:81-94.

Young, J. A. and C. D. Clements. 2002. Purshia: The Wild and Bitter Roses. UNR Press. Reno & Las Vegas. pp. 266.

Young, J. A. and C. D. Clements. 2009. Cheatgrass: Fire and Forage on the Range. University Nevada Press. pp. 348.

Figure 3

Figure 4a

Figure 4b

2025 Tom Tomera Memorial Branding Contest results

The fourth annual Tom Tomera Memorial Branding Contest was held on June 28th at the Carlin Equestrian Park. The event is hosted by the Carlin American Legion and the board members of the Carlin Equestrian Park committee. This year drew twenty-five teams competing in Mens, Womens, Coed, and Senior division teams. Teams roped in two heats and the fastest combined times were awarded buckles donated by Patsy Tomera.

Mens fastest time went to Carico Lake. With a time of 7:48.30 That team consisted of Austin Iveson, Wes Osborne, Alan Malottee, and Matt Morrison. Second place Fine Wines, time of 7:50.63. Team members were Joe Wines, Zane Wines, Pat Wines, and Matt Wines. Third place was the Maher Ranch, time of 8:06.56. Team members were Tim Maher, Steve Maher, Clay Norcutt, and Jesse Norcutt.

Womens first place buckle went to the NRDH team with a time of 10:17.68. That team was Natalie Maher, Riata Anseth, Desi Dotson, and Haley Pennington. Second place was a time of 13:45.37 for the 2 Blondes/2 Brunettes team. That was Katie Gibbs, Cody Gibbs, Beth Billington, and Racheal Wines. The 24 Ranch womens also competed and its members were Renee Jackson, Danielle Sayler, Jessica Jackson, and Abby Jackson.

Coed champions were the Maher Ranch Coed Team. Their time was 8:49.28. Roping for them was Natalie Maher, Tim Maher, Clay Norcutt, and Haley Pennington.

Coed second place was a time of 9:13.06 for the Flying M Ranch Coed Team, Austin Iveson, Kaylee Filippini, Wes Osborne, and Lexi Osborne. Third place was the Anseth Coed team of Riata Anseth, Quentin Anseth, Desi Dotson, and Vinnie Padilla. Their time was 10:16.84.

There were three Senior Branding teams. First place went to the Sims Team with a time of 4:38.47 on two head. Ropers were Sim Malotte and Rocky Roa. Second place was the Sharp Team, 4:48.37, Rocky Roa and Joe Wines. And third place was a time of 14:02.69 to Gary Wright and Wren Doxey.

The committee and the Tomera family would like to thank all the volunteers and businesses that helped make this event possible. Those include Nevada Gold Mines who supplied the cattle, Tomera Ranches-Paul Tomera and Reed Ranching-John Reed for supplying the trucking. Contest judges: Carl Slagowski, Jed Brown, and Steve Neff. Event timers and secretaries: Kimra Doxey, Eleanor O’Donnell, Melinda Harris, Maryann Storey, Becky Ray, and Margaret Johnson. Arena help: Wren Doxey, Amelia Doxey, Gary Wright, Joe Wright, Cody Brown, George, Julian and Hugh Reed. Members of the park board: Gary Wright, Clifford Eklund, and Laura Eklund. Announcer: Sabrina Reed. Event/raffle sponsors: The Tomera/ Reed Families, The Star Hotel, Machis, and JM Capriolas. All proceeds from the event go to a scholarship fund given in Tom’s name to several applicants from Northeastern Nevada who are studying in the field of agriculture.

In Loving Memory of Dennis Kay Rechel

1946 - 2025

Dennis Kay Rechel was born August 2, 1946 in Fallon, NV to Walter “Pal” Edward Rechel and Helen LaRae Morgan Rechel. Dennis was the middle child between Darrel and Darlene. He lived in Fallon and graduated from Churchill County High School in 1965. He moved to Yerington in 1998.

Dennis married Violet Casey-Miller and they had 5 children together. Throughout his life, Dennis embarked on many career adventures. He worked as a meat cutter, buckaroo, carpenter, trapper, and hunting guide. Dennis was an avid athlete playing many years of softball and basketball. He loved the outdoors and was an excellent hunter and guide. He coached Little League baseball and was a fan of anything his children did.

He was preceded in death by his parents and great granddaughter Marlie Grace. He is survived by his wife, Lucy; brother Darrel (Carrie) Rechel; sister Darlene (John) Short; sons, Dennis (Kim) Rechel, Jeff (Jodi) Rechel, Tim Rechel; daughters, Kimi (Jesse) Melendy, Michelle Rechel; 14 grandchildren, 13 great grandchildren and many nieces and nephews.

In 1998, Dennis guided a long-time archery friend, Lucy Snyder, on an archery cow elk hunt. It was the beginning of a long and happy relationship. They were married on December 29, 2000, and honeymooned in Arizona hunting javelina and Coues deer. Their life revolved around family, Rotary, archery, and hunting. Hunting was one of the strongest loves shared by Dennis and Lucy. He taught her much and they enjoyed elk, sheep, deer, javelina and antelope hunts together as well as making 3 safaris to Africa.

Dennis was a leader, especially when it involved his passions: archery, hunting, and trapping. He served in leadership roles for Fallon Bowmen, Walker River Bowmen, Nevada Bowhunters Association, Nevada Trappers Association, and the Guides Association. His voice of reason and compromise was respected by his fellow sportsmen and hunters. He was always ready to put his back into these organizations. Whether setting up an archery shoot, guiding the Nevada Hero’s donation hunt, hosting the Nevada Bighorns Unlimited Dinner or Nevada Fur Sale, he was always one of the first to arrive and the last to leave, bringing tools, knowhow and enthusiasm. He mentored his own sons and other young aspiring guides.

Dennis continued to work during the non-hunting season with his son, Jeffrey, in Rechel and Sons Construction for many years. He tired of the hour-long commute to and from job sites and joined Lucy as head of Snyder Livestock’s construction and maintenance department, installing water troughs, doing concrete and construction work, welding fences, and, as his ability to do physical work waned, he became the parts runner and made dozens of trips to Reno.

Dennis worked until the Parkinson’s Disease and chronic back and knee pain forced him to retire. In retirement, Dennis continued to grow a beautiful garden, sharing the bounty with family and friends.

In the last two years, as the Parkinson’s robbed Dennis of the activities he loved and forced him to a recliner, then a bed, Dennis maintained a keen interest in the things he loved. He was incredibly knowledgeable about Nevada hunting as always willing to share his expertise with other hunters. He hunted as long as he was able, taking a bull elk and a beautiful mule deer with a crossbow in 2023 and an antelope buck with a rifle last fall.

We remember Dennis for his quick wit and dry sense of humor, his impatience with sloppy work or lazy shortcuts, his pride in his children, grandchildren and great grandchildren. He loved his dogs and spoiled them as most people spoil grandchildren.

Lucy will greatly miss Dennis. He was her husband, best friend, guide, archery addict, and hunting partner.

Dennis passed away at home on July 15, 2025.

Ag Day Plants Seeds of Knowledge with

Churchill County’s Fourth Graders

FALLON, NV — Agriculture came alive for over four hundred fourth-grade students this spring, thanks to the Churchill County chapter of the Nevada Farm Bureau and their annual Ag Day, held in partnership with the Churchill County Junior Livestock Show.

This hands-on, interactive educational event is designed to teach students about the vital role agriculture plays in their lives—and in their community. Targeted specifically to 4th-grade students, Ag Day offers a full morning of exploration through a series of 13 rotating stations, each one highlighting a unique aspect of Nevada agriculture.

Children visited engaging and informative stations such as Soil Science, Beef Production, the popular Farm Bureau Ag Wagon, and Beekeeping, where they learned about pollination and the importance of bees to food production. At the LVC Branding Station, students discovered the history and necessity of livestock identification. The group also presented their new Beef 101 by products presentation along with a lesson in roping and vaccination.. The River Wranglers shared lessons on water conservation and local ecosystems.

Another student favorite was the Farm Safety Station, which emphasized the importance of being safe around equipment, animals, and rural environments. Rounding out the day was a look into the latest in agricultural technology, with a demonstration of how drones are used in agriculture giving students a peek into the future of farming

Held alongside the Churchill County Junior Livestock Show, Ag Day also allows students to see their peers in 4-H and FFA showcasing the livestock they’ve raised with dedication and care. It creates an inspiring full-circle moment: younger students learn about the basics of agriculture, while older students demonstrate what agricultural commitment and responsibility look like in action.

Events like Ag Day wouldn’t be possible without the dedicated volunteers who donate their time, expertise, and energy. From setting up stations to teaching and guiding the students throughout the day, these individuals help make the experience memorable and impactful.

A heartfelt thank you also goes to Mayor Ken Tedford’s Youth Fund for generously sponsoring lunch for the students, to the Nevada Dairy Council for treating the kids to delicious ice cream and to Taryn Lenon Photography for all the wonderful pictures.

By the end of the day, students left with a new appreciation for Nevada’s farming and ranching legacy. Through Ag Day, Churchill County Farm Bureau is ensuring the next generation understands and values the roots that nourish our future.

Nevada Agricultural Foundation 2025-26 Scholarship Awardees

The following students are first-time recipients of NAF awards:

Adriana Amaya, Elko

William Denevi Memorial Educational Assistance Award

Gabrielle Coombs, Washoe Valley

Dusty Clark, Gardnerville

William Denevi Memorial Educational Assistance Award

William DeLong, Winnemucca

American AgCredit Educational Assistance Award

Madison Gregory, Fallon

William Denevi Memorial Educational Assistance Award

Joshua Gusewelle, Fallon

Lawrence Belli Memorial Educational Assistance Award

Laura Marshall, Eureka

William Denevi Premier Memorial Educational Assistance Award

Tyler Miller, Lovelock

Roy & Donna Phillips Memorial Educational Assistance Award

Braden Sorensen, Fallon

Jack Pursel Memorial Educational Assistance Award

Whitney Walters, Genoa

Clark J. Guild Jr. Foundation Educational Assistance Award

The following students are recipients of renewed NAF awards:

Ella Bidaurreta, West Texas A&M

William Denevi Memorial Educational Assistance

Award

Melanie Burnett, University of Nevada, Reno

William Kelly Golden Memorial Educational Assistance Award

Zianna Christian, University of Nevada, Reno

Dale Bohmont Memorial Educational Assistance Award

Paris Collins, University of Idaho

Kenleigh Jensen, Southern Utah University

William Denevi Memorial Educational Assistance Award

Cole Lemons, University of Nevada, Reno

Nancy & Alan List Family Scholarship Fund

Ian Livingstone, Utah State University

William Denevi Memorial Educational Assistance Award

Gabriella Miinoletti, University of Nevada, Reno

Dale Bohmont Memorial Educational Assistance Award

Devin Moura, University of Idaho

McKenli Myers, Utah State University

William Denevi Memorial Educational Assistance Award

Louise Neff, Utah State University

William Kelly Golden Memorial Educational Assistance Award

Zoe Smith, University of Nevada, Reno

Kent McAdoo Legacy Scholarship

The Nevada Agricultural Foundation congratulates these students and supports their contributions to the future of Nevada Agriculture.

Contact: Cathy Guild, Executive Director

Nevada Agricultural Foundation (775) 673-2468 (office) info@nevadaagriculturalfoundation.org

October 17

Consignment Deadline: October 9

December 2

Consignment Deadline: November 13 Silver Legacy | Reno, NV

wvm@wvmcattle.com (530) 347-3793

www.wvmcattle.com

©Venturacci

Latest USDA Reports Cattle Prices will Continue to Climb

USDA’s Cattle Inventory Report showed the smallest U.S. herd in history and a smaller calf crop, and confirmed continued tightening numbers on feed.

By Angie Stump Denton & Michelle Rook | Drovers.com

With the release of the Cattle on Feed report and Cattle Inventory Report on Friday, data shows the nation’s cattle herd is still not expanding and feedlot placements continue to decline.

The exciting news for cattle producers is that based on the reports, Don Close, Terrain senior animal protein analyst, predicts cattle producers have not seen the highest cattle prices, yet.

“While I don’t think we’ve seen the high water mark of this market, I do not think we’ll continue to see prices escalate at the rate we have for the year to date,” he says.

Cattle on Feed Shows Bullish Placements

The on-feed total was 11.1 million head, down 1.6% from a year ago, the lowest in eight years. Placements were down 8%, the lowest in 16 years.

Derrell Peel, Oklahoma State University Extension livestock marketing specialist, says, “The placements came in substantially less than expected and as a result of that, it did change the on-feed number to about half a percent less than expected.”

Close adds, “If you look at the decline in placements, specifically Texas, and those Southern feeding states, and the implications we’re getting because of the border closure, to me, that’s the real story in the long-term ramifications to the market.”

He says the state-by-state breakdown confirms Texas placements down 18% compared to last year, Oklahoma down 27% while Iowa is up 21%.

“I think that’s going to have a big impact on the north to south price spread that has been such a big issue in the market through 2025 year to date,” he explains.

Kenny Burdine, University of Kentucky livestock agriculture economist, says: “The surprise of this quarterly Cattle on Feed report was June placements, which were down 8% from 2024 and outside the range of expectations. Marketings continue to suggest we may be pulling cattle ahead, but placements suggest we are not replenishing them at the same pace.”

Heifers, as a percentage of on-feed inventory, came in at 38.1%. This is about a percent and a half lower than July 1, 2024, but up about half a percent from April of this year.

“Much like the beef replacement heifer estimate from the inventory report, this does not suggest much retention is occurring,” Burdine says. “Any growth in beef cow numbers is coming from reduced cow slaughter.”

Cattle Inventory Down 1% from 2023

The cattle inventory report was compared to 2023 since last July’s report was cut. Close says it shows the smallest herd on record, with all cattle and calves down 1% at 94.2 million head.

He says the calf crop at 33.1 million is the biggest market signal.

“The real critical number is the calf crop number,” Close says. “That was down 1% so it still shows, you know, we’re going to see additional limits on the available number of potential placement or available cattle outside of the feedyard, again in 2026.

Following the release of the reports, seven university agriculture economists shared their perspectives after reviewing the data. To read their opinions, view the full article here: https://www.drovers.com/markets/market-reports/cattle-pricespredicted-continue-climbing-breaking-down-latest-inventory-r

Ground Beef Prices Hit Record Highs,

Continue Upward Climb

Ground beef prices surged to new highs in June, reflecting ongoing challenges in the cattle industry and global trade dynamics. According to National Association of Farm Broadcasters report, prices are being driven up by a combination of domestic herd contraction and international import restrictions.

By Dale Sandlin with Southeast AgNet | southeastagnet.com

Latest USDA Data Shows Significant Year-Over-Year Increase

Recent government data highlights the magnitude of the price increase. The average cost of a pound of 100% ground beef reached $6.12 in June—marking a 12% increase compared to the same month in 2024. This figure also represents a steady monthly rise, up from $5.98 in May and $5.47 in June 2023.

Supply Constraints and Trade Barriers Fuel the Rise

Industry analysts point to two major contributors behind the escalating prices: a shrinking national cattle herd and restrictive beef import policies. As cattle supplies dwindle due to prolonged droughts, high input costs, and producer attrition, supply chain stress continues to mount. Simultaneously, trade limitations are limiting the ability to supplement domestic supply with imported beef, further tightening availability.

Outlook: No Immediate Relief in Sight

Experts warn the price momentum may persist well beyond 2025. Forecasts suggest sustained upward pressure on beef prices into 2026 and possibly longer, especially if herd rebuilding remains slow and global trade tensions persist. Consumers and retailers alike should brace for continued high costs in the meat aisle.

UNR holds Rafter 7 Ram and Ewe Sale in Eureka, NV September 13

Sale also available virtually; features sheep internationally recognized for fine wool quality

Over two hundred Rafter 7 Merino sheep, internationally known for the quality of their wool and developed and raised by UNR, will be sold as part of an annual event that attracts livestock producers from around the country.

The Rafter 7 Merino Ram and Ewe Sale begins at 1 p.m., Sept. 13, at the Eureka County Fairgrounds in Eureka, Nevada, off U.S. Highway 50, about 250 miles east of Reno. Animals will be available for inspection there beginning at 8 a.m., and there will be a welcome luncheon featuring lamb at noon. At 1 p.m., the Rafter 7 line of Merino X Rambouillet and purebred Merino rams will be sold. Immediately after the ram sale, a select group of 30 of the purebred Rafter 7 Merino ewes will be auctioned. Those who can’t make the sale and auction in person this year will be able to participate virtually.

Eureka veterinarian Dr. Darla Baumann will be in attendance to provide health certificates if needed. Catalogs with the latest information on the animals for sale will be mailed and available online in late August. The information in the catalog will provide pertinent data to aid in selection choice for conception, mothering, weaning weights and wool.

The Rafter 7 are grown under range conditions in the high‐desert mountain ranges of Nevada and based out of the University’s Great Basin Research & Extension Center, a 644-acre ranch where research is conducted. The Rafter 7 were initially developed over 30 years ago by the University’s Experiment Station, which is a unit of the University’s College of Agriculture, Biotechnology & Natural Resources, under the direction of Hudson Glimp, professor emeritus, and Tom Filbin, herd manager from which the original Rambouillet seed stock was purchased.

“Our goal is to provide high-quality rams for the sheep industry that are adapted to rangeland conditions,” said Scott Huber,” senior assistant director with the Experiment Station and leader of the Rafter 7 Merino Sheep Program. “With the Rafter 7 Program, we strive to constantly provide profit-building genetics for the sheep industry.”

Huber said that through research, artificial insemination, data analysis and constant focus, the modern-day dual‐purpose bloodlines have proven to enhance sheep industry profits. Emphasis is on quality wool production, lambing rates, hardiness, longevity and herding instinct, among others, as profitable production traits. Proceeds from the sale will benefit continuing research on the Rafter 7, as well as other research conducted at the Center focusing on sustainable grazing management of rangelands, livestock production, water-limited crop production and alternative irrigation strategies.

For more information, contact Huber at 775-682-9808 or shuber@unr.edu. Persons in need of special accommodations or assistance should contact Paul Lessick, civil rights and compliance coordinator, at plessick@unr.edu or 702-257-5577 at least five days prior to the scheduled event with their needs or for more information.

Western Water Law: Understanding the Doctrine of Prior Appropriation

What is a Water Right? | A water right is the right to use surface water, groundwater or other water resources. Each state has different rules that define water rights. For most Western states, water rights are based on the principles of prior appropriation and beneficial use.

What is Prior Appropriation? | Prior appropriation allocates water rights based on timing of use, place of use and purpose of use. It allows for diverting water from its source to fulfill water rights and determines who gets water during times of shortage.

TYPES OF WATER RIGHTS

Senior Right | A claim to water that is older (more senior) than those of junior rightsholders. Prior appropriation grants rights based on a priority date. The older the claim, the more secure the right. Senior water rights are often associated with farming, ranching and agricultural uses.

Junior Right | A claim to water that is more recent than senior rightsholders. Junior rights are fulfilled after all senior rights have been met. Junior rights are often associated with municipal, environmental or recreational uses. However, senior rights may be bought to secure priority status.

Vested Right | In Nevada, vested rights are claims to water that were established before state law required rights to use water. These rights are commonly associated with homesteaders in the rural West. Vested rights have priority over senior and junior rights and are highly valuable.

Federal Reserve Right | When land is withdrawn from public domain by the federal government for tribal reservations, national forests or national parks, it holds a federal reserve right. The date that the land was founded or settled by the federal government is the date of the associated water right.

JUSTIFYING BENEFICIAL USE

What will you use water for? Agriculture, Municipal, Recreation, industry, Mining. Several other options for use depend on federal or state regulations.

PAPER WATER GRANTED!

Once you have acquired a water right, this means you have been granted “paper water” -- the legal claim to a specific allocation of water for beneficial use.

BUT WAIT! Paper water isn’t wet water...“Wet water” is the actual, physical amount of water that is allocated for use in a given year based on your water right. However, during times of shortage some water rights may not be fulfilled.

LIMITS ON APPROPRIATIVE RIGHTS

Priority Rules | A junior water right may be reduced or postponed until a senior user fulfills their total allocation. This is based on water availability and is known as water right curtailment.

Use It or Lose It | Beneficial use defines the amount of water that is necessary to meet the stated use. Some water rights might be forfeited if a user’s full allocation is not used each year over a period of five years.

Federal Regulation | Laws such as the Endangered Species Act can impact water rights. For example, if water use threatens a protected species’ habitat, then curtailment of some water rights may be required to protect it.

Most important principles to remember: 1) Prior appropriation grants priority based on the date use begins. This principle is known as “first in time, first in right.” 2) Water rights may be forfeited if not applied to a beneficial use. This principle is known as “use it, or lose it.”

Hockaday, S. and Ormerod, K.J. 2020, Western Water Law: Understanding the Doctrine of Prior Appropriation, Extension | University of Nevada, Reno, IP-20-01

Refugee-focused nonprofit grows farm and opportunity with help from Extension

Regenerative farming classes help Lighthouse Charities blossom

What started as a struggling community garden at a local charity is now a thriving urban farm growing a wide variety of fresh produce and flowers, thanks in part to regenerative agriculture education provided by UNR Extension.

Situated about 6 miles northwest of the Las Vegas Strip, Lighthouse Charities provides a workforce training program through its Rose Creek Farm, offering hands-on experience in sustainable urban agriculture. The program equips legally resettled refugees and underserved individuals and families with skills to grow herbs, flowers and vegetables, as well as raise chickens. Founded in 2014 by Cindy Trussel, a first-generation immigrant from Australia who experienced firsthand the economic difficulties of relocation, Lighthouse Charities took a new direction in 2024 when Trussel saw an opportunity to grow by embracing sustainable farming. That leap was made possible by Extension’s hands-on workshops, expert guidance and a community of like-minded growers.

“I became familiar with Extension’s Urban Agricultural Conference about a year ago,” Trussel said. “I signed up and was in search of as much information as I could get to be successful in this new program, this new social business. I learned they were teaching about regenerative farming, and that’s exactly what I wanted.”

Kaley Chapin, an Extension coordinator who leads the efforts to plan the Urban Agriculture Conference and Small Farms Conference, says the event provides inperson opportunities to connect with Extension and other producers in our state and receive tools for success.

“Extension works diligently to create opportunities like these conferences to assist producers in creating relationships and understanding what education and technical assistance is available to them,” Chapin said.

Groundwork for growth

Since it was launched more than a decade ago to provide meaningful opportunities for legal refugees, Lighthouse Charities has employed thousands of individuals through social businesses, such as a textile upcycling program and a scratch bakery run by women from Ukraine and Iran.

When the chance came to revitalize the 2-acre Rose Creek community garden, Trussel saw a bigger opportunity for what could grow and also include environmental stewardship. To achieve success, she sought as much information as possible.

She found it at Extension’s Small Agriculture Conference, where she attended a preconference workshop on regenerative agriculture led by Extension crop researcher Joe Frey.

“I knew how to grow things, but (Joe) validated everything that I had ever tried to do my whole life,” Trussel said. “He gave me that through empowerment and by emphasizing that I needed to just bring structure to what I was trying to do. Growing organically, taking care of our environment, taking care of our soils, is a real thing.”

Regenerative agriculture: more than organic farming

Regenerative agriculture goes a step beyond organic practices. Rather than relying on chemicals or external inputs, this form of agriculture focuses on rebuilding soil health using natural compost, and mimicking ecosystems to nourish both crops and the land they grow on.

“It’s about working with nature, not against it,” Frey explained. “We’re teaching farmers how to heal their soil, grow nutrient-rich food and reduce dependence on costly inputs.”

Trussel took those lessons to heart. With help from Extension and a passionate team of volunteers, including refugee women with farming backgrounds, she implemented regenerative techniques such as vermicomposting. Today, Rose Creek Farms is home to 40,000 worms that turn food and plant scraps into nutrient-rich soil amendments, harvested and used across the farm.

From lettuce to lavender

While the farm produces staple crops such as tomatoes and peppers, its most impressive growth is happening in the flower beds. Trussel initially aimed to supply locally grown food to high-end restaurants and resorts, but she knew they couldn’t keep up with that volume. Undeterred, she found another path to success. After discovering a niche market for edible and decorative flowers, Trussel pivoted to growing zinnias, roses, lavender and more for local resorts. She’s also partnering with a local business to turn her flowers into essential oils and other wellness products.

“We’re growing vernaculars, zinnias, all kinds of flowers, edible flowers, nonedible flowers… we’ve found a huge market,” Trussel said.

In addition to flowers, the farm is integrating water-saving techniques and planning for atmospheric water harvesters to reduce reliance on municipal supplies, critical innovations for a desert city.

Learning that sticks

What sets Extension’s programming apart, Trussel said, is accessibility. Through in-person events and one-on-one mentorship, she found a community of people invested in her success.

“It wasn’t an intimidating process,” she said. “That very first conference I made friends for life.”

Even when formal class time isn’t available, Trussel said she is able to find the resources she needs since Extension instructors are just a phone call away, and there is robust information and research available on Extension’s website.

“I don’t have time to take a class, but I can certainly take all of the research with me and read it and put it into practice,” Trussel said.

A vision rooted in community

Extension educators say Trussel’s success is a powerful example of what’s possible when information turns into action.

“Cindy is a no-excuses person,” Frey said. “She has taken what she’s learned. She’s figured out how to implement it. I think a lot of people walk away from those things and go, ‘Oh, well, that’s nice in theory, but I couldn’t do it because...’ Cindy’s story is a powerful example of what happens when you give someone the tools and they run with it.”

With continued support from Extension and her own drive to create opportunity, Trussel’s vision is growing stronger every day.

“We’re like sponges when we get together and we’re talking,” she said. “You know, learning off of each other, and gathering as much information on what’s working here and what’s working there, and trying to find some real markets for some of the things that we’re doing.”

The impact has been significant. In just over a year, Lighthouse has created jobs, welcomed more than 6,000 volunteers and become a model of what’s possible when education meets action.

The regenerative farming programs and classes are just one type of class offered by Extension’s agriculture education programs. The regenerative farming classes are supported in part by Western Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education, a program of the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Institute for Food and Agriculture. The program offers workshops statewide and online resources to help farmers, gardeners and nonprofits put sustainable practices into action. The Urban Agriculture Conference and the Nevada Small Agriculture Conference were funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Risk Management Agency.

A Producer’s Guide to Forage Testing

READ FULL ARTICLE: https://extension.unr.edu/publication.aspx?PubID=6985

Why test forage? | The purpose of a forage test is to determine the nutritional content of your hay or pasture. This includes moisture, protein, fiber, minerals, and energy levels— key components that affect animal intake and performance. With reliable lab results, you can make informed feeding decisions, plan your rations more accurately, and even price or market your hay more effectively.

Forage testing is also a critical step when dealing with specific challenges like low conception rates, poor weight gains, or inconsistent milk production. Sometimes, the problem isn’t the animals, it’s the feed. As shown in several studies, even a 2% misjudgment in crude protein (CP) can add significant feed costs or reduce milk and weight gains.

Forage quality classification | According to the University of Minnesota Extension, the USDA Agricultural Marketing Service has established standardized hay quality designations. These classifications are utilized in hay auction reports to create consistent and recognizable categories that can be applied nationwide: Supreme, Premium, Good, Fair, and Utility (category explanations can be found at website at top of page).

What to test for and key forage analysis terminologies:

Dry Matter (DM): This represents the portion of forage that remains after all water is removed. Since water does not contribute protein or energy, nutrient comparisons across forages are made on a dry matter basis.

Crude Protein (CP): Crude protein reflects the total nitrogen (N) content in a forage, calculated by multiplying N by 6.25, based on the assumption that protein contains about 16% nitrogen. This value includes both true protein and non-protein nitrogen, without distinguishing between usable and unusable forms.

Heat-Damaged Protein (ADIN): Protein can become less digestible when forage undergoes excessive heating, often due to rain, improper storage while wet, or poor packing of haylage. This heat alters the protein chemically, binding it within the fiber and making it less available to animals. The affected protein is measured as acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN). If ADIN exceeds 10% of the total CP, the protein value of the sample should be adjusted downward. For instance, in a sample with 12% CP, a reading over 1.2% ADIN would warrant a discount.

Fiber: Fiber consists of plant components that are less digestible and must be broken down in the rumen. While essential for rumen function, high fiber levels can limit intake and energy availability.

Crude Fiber (CF): Crude fiber is no longer preferred for evaluating forage quality. Though still used on feed labels for regulatory purposes, it tends to underestimate good-quality forage and overestimate poor-quality forage.

Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF): NDF quantifies the total structural carbohydrates (e.g., hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin), silica, and heat-damaged proteins in a plant, representing both digestible and indigestible components. It serves as an indicator of how bulky a forage is and influences dry matter intake (DMI). Lower NDF usually means higher intake potential. Typically, grasses have more NDF than legumes at the same maturity.

Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF): Is a procedure for extracting the hemicellulose component of the cell walls, leaving all the other components (lignin, silica, heat-damaged proteins). Hemicellulose is less digestible than starches and sugars, but more digestible than cellulose. ADF is inversely related to digestibility and is commonly used to estimate forage energy content. Lower ADF values indicate greater digestibility. Total digestible nutrients (TDN) are estimated using ADF values.

Energy Estimates: Energy is a vital attribute of forage, determining how much milk or meat it can support. Energy levels can be measured in animals (in vivo), in laboratory settings (in vitro), or predicted using fiber content and mathematical models. Due to cost and time constraints, fiber-based estimations are most common.

Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN): TDN provides an estimate of all digestible components in a forage, including protein, carbohydrates, and fat, that animals can utilize for energy.

Relative Feed Value (RFV): RFV is a single-number index used to assess forage quality based on digestibility (via ADF) and intake potential (via NDF). While it doesn’t express a percentage, it allows for comparison among forages. Originally developed for alfalfa, RFV can also be applied to other legumes and grasses.

Relative Feed Quality (RFQ): RFQ expands upon RFV by incorporating fiber digestibility and TDN to predict animal performance more accurately. It offers better differentiation between forage types, such as legumes and grasses, making it particularly useful for evaluating forages.

Net Energy (NE1, NEm, NEg): Net energy is the portion of energy remaining after digestion losses (in feces, urine, gases, and heat). It is categorized based on use: maintenance (NEm), weight gain (NEg), or milk production (NE1).

Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIR or NIRS): This rapid, computerized technique estimates forage nutrient content by analyzing how light is absorbed and reflected by a sample. Each nutrient produces a unique spectral signature, allowing for quick chemical analysis when suitable equations are available. If the results fall outside expected parameters, traditional wet lab testing is used. NIRS offers significant time savings over wet chemistry, which can take up to two weeks, while NIRS delivers results in minutes.

How to obtain a representative forage sample to send to the lab:

Accurate forage testing begins with obtaining a representative and randomly selected sample. Each core must reflect the characteristics of an individual bale, and enough cores should be taken to represent the entire lot. Submitting un-cored material, like flakes, will not yield reliable results. To help ensure accurate results, follow these important steps:

1. Select a single hay lot: Obtain lots from the same cutting, variety, field, maturity stage, and harvested within a 48-hour window. Avoid mixing lots. A lot should not exceed 150–200 tons, and if you have variations in sources, divide into separate lots.

2. Use an appropriate coring tool: Choose a probe with a sharp cutting edge measuring between 3/8 inch and 5/8 inch in inside diameter. The cutting surface should be at right angles to the shaft and kept sharp to avoid compressing the sample. Avoid augers or corkscrew-type tools, as they may disproportionately collect certain plant parts.

3. Sample randomly across the stack: Walk around the stack and collect cores from bales located at different heights and locations. Avoid any pattern or preference in bale selection. The goal is to represent the entire lot evenly.

4. Collect a sufficient number of cores: In larger or more variable lots, increase the number to 20–40 cores. If you’re sampling small square bales, follow the standard 20 cores from 20 bales. If you’re sampling large square or round bales, aim for 20 total cores, but collected as two cores from 10 bales. If your lot is especially variable with mixed species, differing fields, and weather-influenced consider increasing to 25–40 cores per lot, whether big or small bales.

5. Apply proper sampling technique: Insert the probe into the center of the bale’s end (not the side), at a straight angle, going 12–18 inches deep. Avoid tilting the probe or sampling from the sides.

6. Handle the sample correctly: Combine all cores from a single lot into one composite sample. Place it in a gallon zip lock bag. Keep it away from heat and sunlight, and send it to the lab promptly.

7. Maintain the right sample size: Aim for a total sample weight of about ½ pound (200 grams). If your sample exceeds this, your probe may be too wide. Oversized samples may not be processed properly in the lab. Too small a sample, on the other hand, won’t represent the lot effectively.

8. Split samples properly: If comparing lab results, send a fully ground and mixed sample to the second lab. Never divide an unground sample. Reputable labs can return a ground portion upon request for further testing, if you need to.

Consistent and accurate results can be achieved even when using different sampling tools or personnel. Some variation of about ±0.5% is still normal and expected. For instructions on sampling various bales, watch this video on hay sampling techniques from South Dakota State University https://tinyurl.com/HaySampleTechniques

Forage Production Performance of Winter Small Grains in Western Nevada

This field evaluation focused on assessing the production performance of a sample of varieties among four winter annual small grain species under supplemental irrigation in western Nevada. Such field performance evaluation is critical in helping producers make informed decisions about selecting small grain species and varieties for their farming environment. Based on several similarities in the quantity of biomass produced by the small grains species (cereal rye, oat, triticale and wheat) and varieties evaluated, producers have several options for forage production in western Nevada.

Introduction | Forage remains the principal and cheapest source of feed supply to meet the nutritional requirements of the ruminant livestock industry. Among the many cultivated forage crops, new forage cultivars have significantly improved yield and quality for livestock feeding. However, even within forage species, cultivars differ in their production potential (e.g., yield and quality) under different environmental conditions and agronomic management. Therefore, in any environment, successful forage production requires the selection of highly adapted forage species and cultivars within forage species that can deliver high yield, nutritional value and feeding quality to livestock. Winter small grains forage production is often used to offset shortages in forage feed supply during spring to early summer and will substantially increase the feed inventory for the ruminant livestock industry (e.g., McCormick et al., 2006). These winter small grains grown as a forage crop offer a critical source of protein, energy and minerals in regions of low forage supply (Islam et al., 2013).

Forage crop and cultivar selection is a critical management decision producers must make to optimize forage yield and quality (Darapuneni et al., 2017). However, in today’s forage market, numerous cultivars are available, and as such, forage varietal evaluation is a much-needed tool in assessing forage cultivars for production performance in specific environments. Localized forage variety performance data will assist producers in making decisions on which forage species and cultivars to use.

This forage varietal evaluation focuses on four of the major winter small grains cultivated for forage. They are cereal rye, oat, triticale and winter wheat that are typically used as hay, greenchop, silage, and in many instances, grazing. This single-location field evaluation of a sample of varieties from the four winter small grains in Nevada offers a guide to their production performance (yield and quality) under supplemental irrigation.

Materials and Methods: Study location | This winter annual small grains field evaluations were conducted at the Main Station Field Laboratory in Reno, Nevada, from fall 2022 to spring 2023 and from fall 2023 to spring 2024. Soil at the experimental sites was a Truckee silt loam soil. Soil test results of the experimental plot areas at the 0 to 6-inch depth before seeding are displayed in Table 1. Total precipitation at the experimental site from October to May was 11.95 inches and 2.69 inches during the 2022 to 2023 and 2023 to 2024 growing seasons, respectively.

Experimental design and small grains information | In the fall each year, six and eight varieties from four and three winter small grains forage species, respectively (Table 2), were seeded into a prepared seedbed during the first week of October using the recommended seeding rate in Table 2. Each year, the varieties were laid out in a randomized complete block experimental design with three replications for each variety. The plot size used in this field evaluation measured 15 feet long by 5 feet wide and was separated by a 5-foot alleyway between plots and 20 feet between blocks. Plots were seeded using a Wintersteiger Plotseed XL seeder in rows 8 inches apart.

Crop management | After sowing in both years (first week of October), two irrigation events were carried out using a solid-set sprinkler system. The first irrigation was applied shortly after sowing, and the second in mid-October. In the spring, four irrigation events were carried out at two-week intervals from April through May each year. The quantity of water applied during irrigation was based on reference evapotranspiration data from a nearby weather station. Total irrigation water applied was 12.7 inches in the 2022 to 2023 growing season and 17.2 inches in the 2023 to 2024 growing season. Based on the soil test recommendation, phosphorus was applied at a rate of 40 pounds P2O5/acre (triple superphosphate) two days before sowing. Nitrogen was applied once at 80 pounds/acre (urea) in early April of each year. Postemergence broadleaf weed control during the spring was carried out once using 2,4-dichlorophenoxyactetic acid at an application rate of 1 pt/acre.

Data collection | Plant height (measured from the stem base to the tip of the seedhead) from three random locations in each plot and biomass from an area of 30 square feet in each plot using a forage harvester were collected in the first week of June each year. After weighing and recording the fresh sample from each plot, a subsample (sampled from several areas in the harvested pile) of approximately 500 g was used for dry matter determination and forage nutritive value analysis. The subsamples were oven-dried at 60 C for 72 hours. Biomass yield was calculated on a dry matter basis using the dry matter percentage of each variety. Each subsample was ground separately using a Wiley mill (Model 4, Thomas Scientific, Swedesboro, NJ) to pass a 1mm screen and stored in Whirl-Pak sample bags. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) analyses were done according to the ANKOM procedure. Forage quality indicators for each small grain variety were determined based on the formulas: digestible dry matter (DDM) = 88.9 - (.779 × %ADF), dry matter intake (DMI) = 120 / %NDF, and relative feed value (RFV) = DMI × DDM × 0.775.

Data analysis | Data were analyzed using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedures of SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute, 2015). Variety means for each measured or estimated parameter were compared statistically using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at the probability level of alpha = 0.05. The LSD value for means comparison among each parameter represents the minimum value between any two varieties to determine if the difference was due to variety only.

Results and Discussion | The main focus of this small grains forage evaluation field trial is to help producers in their decision-making when selecting winter annual small grains species and the variety to grow. As such, the focus is on biomass production performance as a guide for the selection of winter small grains, but this evaluation also provides some estimates of forage quality based on the two fiber fractions of acid(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of these forage species was also provided. In the first year (2022-2023), the forage biomass of the oat variety Goliath was less than that of Elbon cereal rye, Brundage wheat and SY TF 813 triticale (Table 3). No other differences occurred among the small grains species for biomass production (Table 3). Concerning the forage quality estimates (DMI, DDM and RFV), the triticale variety SY TF 813 was consistently ranked among the highest, while Elbon cereal rye was among the lowest for DMI, DDM and RFV (Table 3).

In the second year (2023-2024), the majority of the varieties evaluated produced similar biomass yields (Table 4). However, the wheat variety Stormbreaker produced lower biomass than all other small grain varieties except Elbon cereal rye (Table 4). Also, Elbon cereal rye produced less biomass than Gunner triticale (Table 4). For the forage quality estimates, the two wheat varieties Brundage and Stormbreaker, and the cereal rye Elbon, ranked consistently among the highest in DMI, DDM and RFV (Table 4). Overall, the biomass produced in both years for the winter small grains evaluated in this environment was greater than those reported by Billman et al. (2021) for lateharvest small grains (Cereal rye, Triticale, Winter wheat) in New Hampshire under rainfed conditions. Also, the biomass produced from these small grains was similar to those reported for oat, cereal rye, triticale and wheat in Texas (Darapuneni et al., 2017) but greater than the biomass reported for cereal rye, triticale and wheat in Wyoming (Islam et al., 2013). Among the small grains species evaluated, the ADF values were greater, but NDF values were similar to those reported for triticale in Kansas (Obour et al., 2020). However, the relatively low forage quality estimates of these small grains at the time of harvest may indicate their relative maturity, as Zhao et al. (2021) reported a decrease in total digestible nutrients and relative forage quality (RFQ) from jointing to heading and beyond for cereal rye. To maximize relative forage quality, Vaughn et al. (2024) recommended that winter cereal rye should be harvested during the first week of April to reach the dairy standard RFQ of 150, but at the same time, the winter cereal rye biomass in their study is only 0.34 ton/acre, which will significantly affect producers feed availability and profit margins.

Conclusions and Recommendations | Given the lack of differences among several of the small grain species and varieties in both years, producers have several options of small grain species to use to supplement their feed budget in this environment. If feed quality is the focus of growers, then an earlier spring harvest just at the boot stage compared to the soft or hard dough stage will be required to maximize feed quality, but this approach will often reduce biomass production. In addition, among the small grains, variety-specific harvest timing will be a useful approach to maximize biomass production and quality.

Solomon, J.K.Q., Opoku, A., Huber, S., and McCuin, G. 2025, Forage Production Performance of Winter Small Grains in Western Nevada, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, FS-25-04

On June 9, 2025, the northern Nevada ranching and cowboy community lost a special member. Jerry Chapin was a well-known and respected member of the greatest generations of cowboys. A native northern Nevadan, Jerry was born into one of the oldest pioneer ranching families in the area on October 24, 1938, to Ed and Alice McKnight Chapin. He grew up on ranches in northern Nevada, including the Saval Ranch at Northfork, the Hot Springs at Golconda, and the Cord Ranch at Jiggs. His whole family were all respected ranchers and horsemen. As the youngest of 5 brothers, Jerry had many mentors.

Jerry’s father died when Jerry was just eleven years old while they were living at the Cord Ranch, but his family continued to work there for two more years. Jerry and his mother, Alice, moved to the Rancho Grande in Northfork and then the Osino Ranch to work for W.H. Moffat.

Jerry grew up on the back of a horse helping his family on the ranch. During high school, Jerry worked at the Elko Stock Yards while also riding many outside horses for the public. He followed his brothers, Charlie and Harold, to the 25 Ranch in Battle Mountain where he finetuned his cowboy skills with some of the best cowboys in the country.

While they were kids, Jerry and Harold loved to ride anything that bucked from milk cows to mustangs. As they got older and better, this became a major part of their lives. Jerry started rodeoing in the 1950’s and continued into the 1960’s winning many championships. He won the Nevada Cowboys Association saddle bronc title 5 times and the AllAround cowboy title once. In the ‘50’s & 60’s, the Reno Rodeo had a special bronc riding for Nevada cowboys. Jerry won this event 3 times and retired the trophy. At one of these rodeos after Jerry won the bronc riding, multiple world champion cowboy Casey Tibbs offered Jerry the chance to travel with him on the professional circuit. But since Jerry had a job and a young family, he declined the offer.

Jerry married Patty Smith in 1958, and they had three sons, Kevin, Kyle, and Kelly. Jerry, Patty, and their sons worked on several ranches around Nevada before moving to the YP Ranch where Jerry was the cow boss and assistant manager for nine years.

While at the YP, Jerry had cowboys of all ages and backgrounds who worked with him. These included Canadians, Europeans, Australians and South Americans. Jerry had a special relationship with Native American cowboys from northern Nevada and especially from Owyhee. They all

worked for him at some time, and he was like a brother and father figure to some. He considered them some of his best help. He treated them all with dignity and respect regardless of their cowboy skills.

In 1975, Jerry made the hard decision to leave the YP and the Owyhee Desert to accept the manager position at the Muleshoe Ranch in Battle Mountain where he remained for the next 41 years. He became a staple of the community and enjoyed helping with high school rodeos mentoring any young cowboy who asked for advice. He also liked to help the neighboring ranches with cow work. These ranchers appreciated having his knowledge and skills to help get the job done smoothly. During his time at the Muleshoe Ranch, he served as a deputy brand inspector for the Nevada Department of Agriculture for 48 years. He was also presented with the Nevada Cattlemen’s Association for 100,000 Miles in the Saddle award.

In 2001, Jerry lost his wife Patty after 43 years of marriage. In 2006, he married Karla Jones, and they shared a love of horses and ranch life together for the rest of his life.

When Jerry retired from the Muleshoe in 2016, he continued to be a part of the ranching community by helping friends and neighbors, including his grandson Chase who had taken over the managing duties at the ranch. In recent years with ongoing health challenges, Jerry still maintained a connection to the ranching and rodeo community with his brand inspections, catching up with friends and family by phone, and the Cowboy Channel.

Jerry loved all animals, especially every horse and dog he ever met. Although he was famous for his bronc riding skills in and out of the arena, he had a patient and quiet way with horses, cattle, and men. Jerry was an old school cowboy; he could look at a piece of country and know how many cattle it would handle and how long they could stay. When in a rodear, he had an innate ability to pair up cows and calves. He was always quiet and smooth.

Jerry was honest and generous to a fault, a giver throughout his life. He set a prime example and left a high bar for his sons, grandchildren, and all the young men and women whom he mentored. As a son, brother, husband, father, grandfather, great grandfather, mentor, cowboy, and above all a human being, he was gentle soul. He was loved by all who were fortunate to know him. He will be missed by many.

Cattlewomen’s Corner of the Corral

2nd Annual Beef & Wine Pairing

Nevada Cattlewomen hosted their 2nd annual Beef & Wine Pairing at the Park Ranch Venue in Minden, Nevada on July 26, 2025. Participants enjoyed tasting 6 different beef recipes paired with the complimentary wine for each recipe.

Park Ranch Meats supplied the beef and the recipes. The various cuts included filet mignon, short ribs, rib ends, and New York. The recipes were given at each station as participants enjoyed the tasty samples. The spices and cuts were then made available for participants to purchase.

A good time was had by all. Many questions about beef, the cuts, the preparation and recipes were shared. We hope to see everyone again next year. Enjoy the last few days of summer, whether you are cutting hay, calving, or getting ready to come home from the mountains and wean.

Keri Pommerening

Keri Pommerening, NVCW President

Park Ranch: Generational Ranch Serves Community, Opens Minden Harvest Facility

By Maureen LaGrande, CCA Associate Director of Communications

Getting beef from the pasture to the consumer’s plate is no easy feat. Today, a challenge many ranchers face is locating a facility that will harvest, age, and package their meat. Many California producers have shared how difficult it is to find a one-stop shop for their needs and that many have to travel to multiple facilities before they have a finished product. Facing similar experiences as other producers, Park Ranch, located in Minden, Nev., opened a harvest and processing facility in February of 2024, ready to serve their community and fellow cattle producers for all of their processing needs.

Park Ranch is a multigenerational operation run by David Park. “I’ve been in the ranching business all my life,” said Park who took over the family business in the ‘90s after he returned from college at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. In addition to the new processing facility, Park Ranch raises their own livestock and produces feed for themselves and other ranchers.

In 2020, David and the ranch’s executive manager Sarah Shannon were selling cattle for under a buck a pound during COVID. “We work hard for what we do, and during COVID it was challenging,” said David. “We wanted to see how we could vertically generate our business and sell Park Ranch Beef.” With this reality and wanting to find another outlet to bring in an income to the operation, both David and Sarah knew that they had to do something to help not only their business but other producers who, at the time, were facing the same struggles. Their original plan was to create a mobile meat slaughter unit, but as they began their research, they realized that the mobile unit would only be able to process 12 animals in a day. “That’s when we decided we were going to brick and mortar our own processing facility,” said Sarah.

Moving forward with their plans, David and Sarah proposed their idea to the town and county commission to build the facility. After some discussion and approval, Park Ranch moved forward with building the custom meat plant in the back bay of a warehouse Park Ranch already owned. Working with an engineer to bring their vision to life, the construction of the facility was done in phases, coming together piece by piece four years later. After a USDA inspection and a few minor changes, the facility was up and running.

“The kill floor has been running for six months and the processing for nine,” said David.

“Honestly, I think we are doing pretty darn good in the first six months.”

Open to the public, Park Ranch Meats offers custom exempt and USDA processing and is working diligently to get the word out about their facility. “We are at about 25 percent capacity,” said Sarah. Starting out, the facility processed two to four animals a week but has most recently processed up to 15. Park Ranch’s meat processing facility itself can process up to 60 head a week and are ready to work with any producer that comes their way. “We are just ramping up,” said Sarah. In addition to processing cattle, Park Ranch also offers customexempt processing for hogs, lambs and goats.

Now the executive manager of Park Ranch, Sarah originally started out as an admin for the ranch doing all of their bookkeeping. “It quickly turned into me getting to do all the things,” said Sarah. Today, she helps with calving, tractor driving, and keeping track of the financials. “I am the glue that holds everyone together and keeps them in line,” said Sarah.

Being in business for a little over a year now, a challenge of running the facility has been finding employees who are skilled within the processing field. While at times staffing may be difficult for Park Ranch, the positive side of the business outweighs the struggles. “The people we do have employed here are passionate and they take pride in their work,” said Sarah. David shared that one of his favorite parts of this venture is the challenge and new learning processes. “It’s fun to see the challenge not only for myself but for my employees and how everyone here is dedicated to making the facility a success,” said David.

Identifying a community need, the facility has brought jobs to its residents and has given fellow ranchers a facility that they can use and meet all of their needs with less travel time compared to previously having to drive to Reno, Fallon or over the hill to California to get their animals processed. Reflecting on her job, Sarah shared that she enjoys that each day of work is different from the last, with no dull moments. “We are very tight-knit, we are like family,” said Sarah.

Park Ranch doesn’t stop at serving Nevada-based producers, their customer base also includes ranchers from the northern part of California, the Eastern Sierras and Central California. As the word of their opening continues to spread, people are coming from farther away to bring their animals, with the facility gaining new customers each week. “In our customer base, we probably have about 25 customers having their animals processed through us,” added Sarah.

For California cattle producers looking for a place to process their animals Sarah shares, “We are open for business, send us an email and we will get you scheduled.” For those who choose to use Park Ranch for their processing needs, they are given a wide array of options for how they would like their animals to be processed. Customers can decide how long they want their carcasses aged, and any additional specifications they may have will be met by the Park Ranch team. Customers are also able to track the processing of their animals from start to finish at the facility.

With the increased popularity of purchasing beef shares directly from the rancher, Sarah shared that many of their clients have shared that their meat is already sold before it is even picked up from Park Ranch’s facility. “People want to know where their meat is coming from,” said Sarah. With their sales increasing by the month, Park Ranch has tripled in sales since last February when they initially opened. Sharing the story of Park Ranch and all of the additional facets of the industry David is involved, is a draw-in to their customers. “David is a fifthgeneration rancher, and customers always enjoy when they can meet the face behind Park Ranch Beef,” Sarah shared.

In addition to their livestock operation, feed and processing facility, Park Ranch has just recently started its direct-to-consumer retail. Park Ranch’s meat can be purchased online and at the Great Basin Brewery retail shop in Minden. Park Ranch is part of a closed-loop food system with Great Basin Brewery. David knew an operator over at Great Basin Brewing and one day while we were chatting came up with the concept of a full-circle deal of using the brewery grain to feed cattle. What a closed-loop food system means is that once the grain is used to brew the beer, the brewery hauls the spent grains out to Park Ranch, and it is fed to the cattle. Once the cattle are harvested and processed the meat then goes back to the brewery and is served in their restaurant.

With their meat processing and direct-to-consumer businesses kicking off Park Ranch is looking forward to all that is to come in this venture. “We’ve learned so much over these last few years,” said Shannon. “What an amazing project it has been to be involved in from us writing it on a napkin to us here and doing it.”

To learn more about Park Ranch and the processing facility, call Sarah Shannon, Executive Manager, at (775) 782-7275 or visit parkranchmeats.com

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