E n g l i s h n e s s a n d M o d e r n A r ch i t e c t u r e / A l a n P owe r s
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Englishness and Modern Architecture A l a n P owe r s
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“People have said that our work is very English, but they haven’t been able to articulate it very well”, says Stephen Proctor. Despite the difficulty of articulating Englishness, critics have identified it in the past as a weakness whenever they think they can detect it. What are they, in fact, seeing? Can it be articulated in a positive way?1 In his film Robinson in Space, 1997, Patrick Keiller, an architect by training, made ‘the problem of England’ the thread on which to hang his picaresque narrative of two depressive and alienated intellectuals in search of the soul of their country. While architecture is only incidentally a theme of the film (despite having been Keiller’s first career), it poetically and comically exposes the complex deception that England has become, not only with its buildings evoking the past, but with its concealment of economic reality behind a series of screens, so that most of the time the real activity of the country is invisible. The historical content of the film suggests that fakery has been going on a long time, as a form of denial of unpalatable realities underlying the wealth and power of the ruling class. Robinson in Space was made during the John Major years, before the unfulfilled promise of New Labour, which included the devolution of power to Scotland and Wales, prompting questions of what real English identity remained
when these more vocal and assertive identities were subtracted. The official celebration of the Millennium itself, at the Dome, was described as “flashy, arrogant, dishonest and empty at the centre”.2 An event that was meant to enhance a sense of Englishness offered pretentiousness and evasion. En route to the Dome, the public might have passed by the Millennium Village, where Proctor and Matthews were the designers of housing, distinguished by bright coloured panels, as well as by an exemplary concern for shared public space that was intended to set an example for a new wave of governmentpromoted housing. The first units were ready for occupation at the end of 2000, alongside taller housing by Ralph Erskine (Erskine Tovatt), and a school and health centre by Edward Cullinan, forming the core of a future community. Such conspicuous exposure was risky, but there was something generous and good humoured here that the Dome was lacking. Reviewing the scheme in 2003, Stephen Chance, an architect with PTEa, a larger and longerestablished housing-based practice, praised “the strong visual brand” that distinguished the housing by Proctor and Matthews and Erskine. 3 Kenneth Powell called it “crisply detailed and colourful–and not over folksy–an antidote to the drab surroundings.”4