№ 574 а) 87 – 218 = 87 – 86 = 86(8 – 1) = 4 · 2 · 85 · 7; кратно 4; б) 106 – 57 = 56 · 26 – 57 = 56(64 – 5) = 56 · 59; кратно 59; в) 97 + 312 = 97 + 96 = 96(9 + 1) = 95 · 90; кратно 90; г) 810 – 227 = 810 – 89 = 89 (8 – 1) = 88 · 4 · 14. кратно 14.
§ 21. Способ групировки № 575 а) 2x – x2 = x(2 – x); – 3ax + 2x2 = x(2x – 3a); 2ax2 – 3a2x = ax(2x – 3a); 4xy – 2x2y = 2xy(2 – x). Ответ: 2x – x2, 4xy – 2x2y; 2x2 – 3ax, 2ax2 – 3a2x. б) ab – 3b2 = b(a – 3b); a2 – 3ab = a(a – 3b); 5 + 10x = 5(1 + 2x); a + 2ax = a(1 + 2x). Ответ: ab – 3b2, a2 – 3ab; 5 + 10x, a + 2ax. в) n2 – nm = n(n – m); 6a2 – 9ab = 3a(2a – 3b); mn – n2 = n(m – n); 2ab – 3b2 = b(2a – 3b). Ответ: 6a2 – 9ab, 2ab – 3b2. г) 4x – 8 = 4(x – 2); x2 – 2x = x(x – 2); –5 – 15m = – 5(m + 3); 21mn + 7n = 7n(3m + 1). Ответ: 4x – 8, x2 – 2x. № 576 а) 2by – bz = b(2y – z); 4ax – az = a(4x – z); 2ay – az = a(2y – z); 4bx – bz = b(4x – z). Ответ: 2by – bz, 2ay – az; 4ax – az, 4bx – bz. б) 6ax – 3x = 3x(2a – 1); – 2a – 1; 3by – 3y = 3y(b – 1); c – cb = c(1 – b). Ответ: таких двучленов нет. в) a3 – 2a2 = a2(a – 2); 4ab – 2a2b = 2ab(2 – a); 5ac2 – 10ac = 5ac(c – 2); 3a – 6 = 3(a –2). Ответ: a3 – 2a2, 3a – 6. г) 3mn2 – 6m2n = 3mn(n – 2m); abn – 2abm = ab(n – 2m); a2x3 – 9a2x = a2x(x2 – 9); 9x2 – x4 = x2(9 – x2). Ответ: 3mn2 – 6m2n, abn – 2abm. № 577 а) 3a + 3 – na – n = 3(a + 1) – n(a +1) = (a + 1)(3 – n); б) 6mx – 2m + 9x – 3 = 2m(3x – 1) + 3(3x – 1) = (2m + 3)(3x – 1); в) ax – 3x – 4a + 12 = x(a – 3) – 4(a – 3) =(x – 4)(a – 3); г) 2mx – 3m – 4x + 6 = m(2x – 3) – 2(2x – 3) = (m – 2)(2x – 3). № 578 а) 7kn – 6k +14n – 12 = k(7n – 6) + 2(7n – 6) = (k + 2)(7n – 6); б) 5a2 – 5ax – 7a + 7x = 5a(a – x) – 7(a – x) = (5a – 7)(a – x);
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