Automotive Research and Education: An Alternative Energy Perspective Farshad Fotouhi, Ph.D. Dean, College of Engineering Wayne State University Detroit, Michigan, USA
College of Engineering Quick Facts Established in 1933 A key educational institution in Michigan, with more than 120 full-time faculty and 2,200 undergraduate and graduate students. Annual Research funding ~$21M The College is a key player in Michigan’s transition from a manufacturing economy to a strong, effective, and diversified high tech global marketplace
College of Engineering Departments
Biomedical Engineering Chemical and Materials Engineering Civil and Environmental Engineering Computer Science Electrical and Computer Engineering Mechanical Engineering Industrial and Systems Engineering Engineering Technology Division
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING UNIQUE CURRICULA
Executive PhD in Global Engineering Sustainable Engineering Systems Engineering Lean Six Sigma Alternative Energy Technology Electric Drive Vehicle Engineering Injury Biomechanics Control Systems Engineering Entrepreneurship
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING UNIQUE CURRICULA
Executive PhD in Global Engineering Sustainable Engineering Alternative Energy Technology Electric Drive Vehicle Engineering Injury Biomechanics Ph.D. in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Engineering Entrepreneurship
Research Thrust Areas
Biomedical
Green Technologies
• Biomedical Engineering • Bioinformatics/Genomi cs • Nano-Medicine • Healthcare Engineering
• Advanced/Alternative Energy Systems • Energy Storage • Automotive Engineering/Electrificatio n • Sustainable Infrastructure • Composite materials
7
Projected Fuel Supply and Demand
Short to Mid-Term 2025
COAL??
2008
Example:
Motor Vehicle Fuel (BBL/yr) Gasoline & Diesel from crude oil
2000
Exxon Gap filled with 2ndary and tertiary recovery; shale oil & oil sands, all at higher cost
2050
Long-Term (Still The Great Unknown)
“Greeen” Technologies
H2? Nuclear? Renewables Non-HC energy carriers FC/Electric Source: TMG ENERGY Hybrid technologies
2100
Automotive Research and Educational Programs
Electric-drive Vehicle Engineering Advanced Energy Storage Laboratory Electric Propulsion Laboratory Power Electronics and Smart Grid Integration Laboratory EcoCAR 2 National Biofuels Energy Laboratory Center for Automotive Research
Electric-drive Vehicle Engineering (EVE) Program To prepare our current and future workforce with the education and skills necessary for the advancement and maintenance of electric-drive vehicles
Degree Programs in EVE
Develop and implement a comprehensive set of advanced educational programs in electric-drive vehicles, including: a master’s degree in Electric Drive Vehicle Engineering (EVE); a bachelor’s degree in Electric Transportation Technology (ETT); an associate’s degree (AAS) in Automotive Technology and Electronic Engineering Technology; and an undergraduate concentration and a graduate certificate program (GPC) in EVE.
EVE Courses
EVE 5110
ME
Fundamentals of Electric-drive Vehicle Engineering
EVE 5120
ChE Fundamentals of Battery Systems for Transportation
EVE 5130
ChE Fundamentals of Cell-powered Systems for Transportation
EVE 5310
ME
Electric-drive Vehicle Modeling and Simulation
EVE 5410
ECE
Power Electronics and Charging Infrastructure for Electric-drive Vehicles
EVE 5430
ECE Modeling and Control of Electric-drive Powertrains
EVE 5450
ECE
Control and Optimization for Integrated Electric-drive Vehicle Systems
EVE 5600
IME
Electric-drive Vehicle Product and Infrastructure Development
EVE Courses (continued) EVE 5620
Energy Economics and Policy
EVE 5700
ME
Electric-drive Vehicle Capstone Design
EVE 7310
ChE Materials Science Aspects of Lithium Ion Batteries
EVE 7320
ME
EVE 7410
ChE Hydrogen Production and Storage for Vehicles
EVE 7450
ECE Embedded Systems for Vehicles
Electric-drive Vehicle Thermal Management
EVE 7990
Directed Studies
EVE 7995
Special Topics
EVE 7996
Directed Research
EVE 8999
Master’s Thesis
Advanced Energy Storage Laboratory Cell Characterization/Fabrication Maccor and Arbin Cell Testers
Glove Box for LiIon Cell Fabrication
Gamry Cell Performance and Life Tests
Pack/System Characterization Bitrode Pack and Module Tester
Thermotron Controlled Environment Chamber FLIR Thermal Imaging instruments
Advanced Energy Storage Laboratory
Electric Propulsion Laboratory
Accelerator Pedal
Option (2)
Model Based Vehicle Controls Development
Brake Pedal PRNDL
Hardware-in-Loop simulator
Option (1)
CAN Bus Analyzer / Virtual Controller
Li-Ion Battery Pack
Development of Motor Controller
Vehicle Drive Cycle Dynamics Load 3-Phase Inductive Load
Motor Controller
4-Quadrant Regenerative Motor Dynamometer Bi-Directional Power Supply Power Analyzer
Dynamometer Controller
Electric Propulsion Laboratory
Center of Electric Vehicle and Smart Grid Integration Participating faculty from: • • • • •
Electric-vehicle Engineering Power, Smart Grids Control, Signal/Information Processing Computing, Communication, Wireless Networking Sensor Technology
dSpace and NI PXI-e DAQ Battery Packs Alternative Energy Microgrid Power Converters and Charge Controllers
Focusing on the issues of electric-vehicle and smart grid integration.
Director: Dr. Caisheng Wang
Integration of EVs, Renewable Microgrid
Intelligent Distribution Network Management To Better Accommodate EVs and Renewable Sources VMG j VMG j Controller
Substation Bulk Power Systems
PHEV Load Simulator
Pj
Local Controller
Grid Controller Ptot
PHEV
Pi
Distribution Transformer PHEV
Wind PV VMG i Controller VMG i
FC/MT (Dispatchable DG) Controllable Loads
PHEV Charging Management Demo Board
EcoCAR 2 Three-year engineering design competition Latest in the 23-year history of Advanced Vehicle Technology Competitions (AVTCs) Challenges 15 North American universities to hybridize a 2013 Malibu, and use alt. fuel Increase efficiency, reduce emissions Maintain performance, safety and consumer acceptability WSU the only university in Michigan
EcoCAR 2
EcoCAR 2 Five Sub-teams, Three-year Task Timeline
EcoCAR 2 Year One Final Competition Renaissance Hotel Hollywood, May 18-23, 2012
National Biofuels Energy Lab
Partners:
Biofuel Challenges
Feedstock Non-Food Crop Jatropha Microalgae
Engine Performance Fuel Injection Systems Emissions & Aftertreatment Device
ASTM Specification
Fuel Properties Oxidative Stability Cold Flow Properties Insolubles
Production Continue vs. Batch Homo. vs. Hetero. Single vs. Multi. Feed
Alternative Feedstock
Algae as an Alternative Feedstock Algae Strain
Algal growth in bioreactor
Algae based biodiesel Extraction Oil
Dry Algae
Mechanical Engineering Center for Automotive Research (CAR) Externally Funded Research Center Integrated Program of Research and Education Over 20 Years of Cooperation with Industry, Defense Sector and Government
Learning Opportunities
10 Laboratories
Partners
Training at B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. levels Ph.D.+B.S. research teams Provide six engine-related graduate course offerings that fulfill M.S. requirements
TARDEC (DOD) TACOM (DOD) Sandia National Labs (DOE) NIST (DOE) NEXT Energy (Michigan) MEDC (Michigan) University of Michigan
Engine test cells Climatic chambers Parallel computing clusters Optical engines Combustion diagnostics
CAR Research: Engine-Related Issues of Energy and Environment Laser-based optical diagnostics provide non-intrusive measurements of combustion processes. WSU-developed optical techniques allow quantitative measurement of in-cylinder emissions formation processes. Luminosity
Soot KL
Soot Temp
Unique optical engine in climatic chamber
Soot LII λ=1064 nm, Nd: YAG Laser
Concave Cylindrical Lens
Convex Spherical Lens
Injector
Beam Dump
Side Windows Laser Sheet Iris
Neutral Density Beam Splitter
Extended Piston
Thrust Areas Stationary 45° Mirror • Combustion fundamentals Intensified High-speed CMOS Color • Alternative fuels (JP-8, S-8, Biodiesel) CCD Camera Camera Transparent engine allows • Optical combustion diagnostics optical probing of realistic • Multi-fuel sensing combustion system. • Extreme environment engine Engine operation in operation extreme environments with • Control of combustion noise conventional and • Numerical combustion simulation alternative fuels
Numerical simulations for fundamental insight