Undergraduate Architectural Thesis Project - Healing Centre

Healing Centre: Treatment Centre based on the Hypothesis of Biophilia

Undergraduate B.Arch Thesis

by Prashanti Poojara Guided by: Prof. Kalpesh Patel

Healing Centre: Treatment Centre based on the Hypothesis of Biophilia

By Poojara Prashanti

SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF DESIGN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE AT VENUS INSTITUTE OF DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE

YEAR 2021 PRASHANTI POOJARA. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

The author hereby grants to VIDA Permission to reproduce and to distribute Publicly paper and electronic copies of this Thesis / dissertation document in whole or in Part in any medium now known or hereafter Created.

Healing Centre

Signature of Author: ………………………………………………………………………………………………

Department of Architecture August 2, 2021

Certified by: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Prof. Kalpesh Patel Thesis / Dissertation Supervisor

Accepted by: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Prof. Rupinder Singh Dean, Venus Institute of Design and Architecture

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Certificate

This is to certify that the work contained in this thesis entitled “Healing Centre: Treatment Centre based on the hypothesis of Biophilia”, submitted by Prashanti Vimalbhai Poojara (regd. No.: 163571050018) for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Architecture to the Venus Institute of Design and Architecture, Ahmedabad, is a record of bonafide research works carried out by her under my direct supervision and guidance.

I considered that the thesis has reached the standards and fulfilling the requirements of the rules and regulations to the nature of the degree. The contents embodied in the thesis have not been submitted for the ward of any other degree or diploma in this or any other university.

Date: August 2, 2021 Place: Venus Institute of Design and Architecture

Signature of Supervisor and designation

Name

Department

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Declaration

I certify that 1. The work contained in the thesis is original and has been done by myself under the supervision of my supervisor.

2. The work has not been submitted to any other institute for any degree or diploma.

3. I have confirmed to the norms and guidelines given in the Ethical Code of Conduct to the institute.

4. Whenever I have used materials (data, theoretical analysis, and text) from other sources, I have given due credit to them by citing them in the text of the thesis and giving their details in the references.

5. Whenever I have quoted written materials from other sources and due credit is given to the sources by citing them.

Date: 2/8/2021 Place: Ahmedabad.

Name of the Student: Prashanti Poojara Registered no.: 163571050018

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Acknowledgements

I would like to take this opportunity and thank all the people whose valuable contributions made it possible for me to produce this thesis.

I am grateful to my guide, Prof. Kalpesh Patel whose guidance have helped me to organize my thoughts and express my design and philosophy into my design.

Grateful to Prof. Jagat Joshi, Prof. Bhavik Mankad and Prof. Dhruma Bhavsar for their valuable critiques on every review, making my ideas and opinions on design more strong.

Also, very thankful and blessed to have mom, dad and keivaly; for always being extremely supportive and understanding and always encouraging me to push my limits.

Special thanks to Jhanvi J., Huzefa Malik & Sunny Patel for helping me at any hour of the day whether technical or moral support. I will cherish all the memories we shared in this journey of five years.

Lastly, to the batch of 2016, thank you for the memorable moments!

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Healing Centre: Treatment Centre based on the hypothesis of Biophilia By Poojara Prashanti Submitted to the department of Architecture on August 2nd, 2021 in Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Architecture.

ABSTRACT This design project is an approach to study the importance of nature for a human being, it’s interaction and connection by the perspective of biophilia hypothesis. The biophilia hypothesis suggests that humans possess an innate tendency to seek connections with nature and other forms of life. The aim is to study the evolution of treatment centres through out the history and the factors leading to the modern-day design of an hospital. The centre will attempt to categorize different type of patients and their need of spaces with the support of case studies and relevant references and will generate the requirement of the centre.

This thesis is an effort to study the importance of spaces for a patient in a treatment centre and an approach to design a prototype of a healing centre. This centre also aims at the people who are suffering from mental stress and need a recreational space to spend some time with themselves away from their mundane life. The aim is to justify the need of certain spaces for a patient by showcasing its benefits.

Thesis / Dissertation Supervisor: Prof. Kalpesh Patel Title: Associate Professor of Architecture

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Contents Acknowledgements................................................................................................................5 Abstract....................................................................................................................................7 Table of contents....................................................................................................................8 List of Photographs................................................................................................................10 List of figures...........................................................................................................................12 List of Tables...........................................................................................................................12 1. Introduction........................................................................................................................13 1.1. Background 1.2. The proposal 1.2.1. Need for the proposal 1.3. Aim 1.4. Objective 1.5. Scope and Limitations 1.6. Methodology 1.7. Conceptualization of the Dissertation 2. Literature Study..................................................................................................................19 2.1. Biophilia 2.1.1. Biophilic Hypothesis 2.1.2. Human Relationship with nature 2.1.3. What is and is not biophilic design?

2.1.4. Distinctive characteristics 2.1.5. Biophilic Design Principles 2.1.6. Effects of Biophilic Design 2.1.7. Biophilia in context 2.1.8. Nature- Design Relationship 2.1.9. 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design 2.2. Types of Treatments 2.2.1. Acupuncture 2.2.2. Aromatherapy 2.2.3. Chromo - Therapy 2.2.4. Mud Therapy 2.2.5. Yoga / Meditation 2.2.6. Naturopathy 2.2.7. Physiotherapy 3. Site Appraisal......................................................................................................................39 3.1. Potential Sites 8| Page

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3.2. Site Selection Matrix 3.3. Final Site 3.4. Site Context 3.4.1. Connectivity 3.4.2. Proximity 3.5. Site Analysis 3.5.1. Elements of climate 3.5.2. Contours 3.5.3. Pertaining bye-laws 3.6. Site Drawing 3.7. Site Photos 4. Case Studies.......................................................................................................................49 4.1. Khoo Teck puat Hospital, Singapore 4.2. Ostra Psychiatric Facility, Sweden 4.3. CEE, India 5. Area Matrix.........................................................................................................................57 6. Design Development........................................................................................................61 6.1. Conceptual Development 6.2. At Site level 6.3. At Block level 7. Final Drawings....................................................................................................................71 7.1. Ground Floor Plan 7.2. Second Level Plan 7.3. Section EE’ 7.4. Parking Detail 7.5.Administration Block 7.6. Participant’s Stay 7.7. Treatment Centre 7.8. Meditation Centre 7.9. Staff Stay 7.10. Technical Layout 8. Epilogue..............................................................................................................................93 Bibliography............................................................................................................................94 Thesis | Semester - X | VIDA | 2021

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List of photographs: Photo1: Representation of urban city life Photo2: community life Photo3: Stress Photo4: Depressed Person Photo5: Sick Person Photo6: Addicted Person Photo7: Medicines Photo8: Symbol of inducing positive thoughts Photo9: Connection of body and soul Photo10: Biophilic design incorporated in spaces Photo11: Green Wall adjacent to Masonry Wall, Paris Photo12: Air purifying plants in indoor space Photo13: ‘the growroom’ is a spherical structure that enables people to grow their own food. Image by alona vibe.

Photo14: Biophilic design in mixed-use spaces Photo15: Green roofs Photo16: Edmonton International Airport Terminal mural that depicts natural elements.

Photo17: Biophilic design in practice at the BP Lower 48 new office in Denver, Colorado. Plants in the living wall provide a direct experience of nature. (Photo: David Lauer Photography) Photo18: Example of implementation of biophilic elements.

Photo 19: Indoor plantation spaces Photo 20: Example of spaces with indoor plants Photo 21: Elementary school in New York Photo 22: Direct and Indirect incorporation of biophilia Photo 23: Green wall in office spaces.

Photo 24: Central Atrium, Genzyme Building, Cambridge, MA Photo 25: Green wall in different spaces.

Photo 26: Inside Khoo teck puat hospital, singapore.

Photo 27: Depiction of how chromotherapy has effects on human body.

Photo 28: Aromatherapy and nauropathy elements.

Photo 29: Pressuring the specific points in the body to release stress Photo 30: Person in their acupuncture treatment session.

Photo 31: Pressuring the specific points in the body to release stress Photo 32: Scented candles and aromatic spritzers Photo 33: body oils Photo 34: colour therapy Photo 35: chromotherapy room layout Photo36: Mud therapy created in a natural outdoor arrangement Photo37: Mud therapy created in a natural outdoor arrangement Photo38: Mud therapy reference from netflix series suits.

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Photo40: Yoga Therapy Photo41: Essential oils and species for naturopathy Photo42: Essential oils and species for naturopathy Photo43(A), (B), (C) : Physiotherapy treatment Photo44: Location of potential sites on google mymaps Photo45: Vasna Site on google earth imagery Photo46: Site at Gandhinagar on google earth imagery Photo47: Site connectivity on google mymaps Photo48: Site location on TP scheme.

Photo49: Site Proximity on google mymaps Photo50: Latitudinal Section Photo51: Longitudinal Section Photo52(A), (B), (C), (D): Site context Photo53(A), (B): Site Photo54: Khoo teck puat hospital entrance Photo55: view of hospital facing the lake Photo56: bird eye view of the hospital Photo57: Internal courtyard of the facility Photo58: View facing towards the internal courtyard of the facility Photo59: Refuge corners around the facility Photo60: CEE Administration area Photo61: View from administration to the parking building Photo63: Bridge connecting two blocks Photo64: Towards classrooms and the play of levels and camouflage with nature Photo65: Library block Photo66(A), (B), (C), (D): Contextual Site model Photo67: Admin block Photo68: Admin block Photo69: Participant’s Stay model Photo70: Treatment Centre model Photo71: Meditation Centre model Photo72: Rendered bird eye view from the back of the site Photo73: Rendered bird eye view from the front side of the site Photo74(A), (B), (C): Entrance of the site Photo75(A), (B), (C), (D), (E): Administration Block Photo76(A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), (G): Participant’s Stay Photo77(A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), (G), (H): Treatment Centre Photo78: Bird eye view of site Photo79(A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F): Meditation Centre Photo80: Bird eye view of the site Photo81(A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F): Staff’s Stay

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List of figures: Figure1: General Idea of Biophilia Figure2: Colours and their effects on human body Figure3:Contours of the site and context Figure4: Site Drawing Figure5: Cross ventilation on the hospital site Figure6: Typical floor plan explaining the module detail Figure7: CEE plan Figure8: Conceptual development stage-1 Figure9: Conceptual development stage-2 Figure10: Conceptual development stage-3 Figure11: Administration conceptual layout-1 Figure12: Administration conceptual layout-2 Figure13: Participant’s stay conceptual layout-1 Figure14: Participant’s stay conceptual layout-2 Figure15: Treatment Centre conceptual layout-1 Figure16: Treatment Centre conceptual layout-2 Figure17: Meditation Centre conceptual layout-1 Figure18: Meditation Centre conceptual layout-2 Figure19: Staff Stay conceptual layout Figure20: Conceptual development stage-4 Figure21: Rendered Ground Floor Plan Figure22: Rendered Second Level Plan Figure23: Rendered Section Figure24: List of different trees planted on the site Figure25: AutoCAD layout of parking detail Figure26: SectionBB’ Figure27: Administration Plan Figure28: SectionAA’ Figure29: Participant’s Stay Plan Figure30: SectionCC’ Figure31: Treatment Centre Plan Figure32: SectionDD’ Figure33: Meditation Centre Plan Figure34: Staff’s Stay Plan Figure35: Section FF’ Figure36: AutoCAD Technical Plan

List of Tables: Table1: Site Selection Criteria Table2: Area Matrix 12| Page

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INTRODUCTION: 1.1. Background 1.2. The Proposal 1.2.1. Need for the proposal 1.3. Aim 1.4. Objectives 1.5. Scope and Limitations 1.6. Methodology 1.7. Conceptualization of the Dissertation

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1.1. Background: The evolution of human race has also brought the evolution of every other thing the human being uses or has invented.

As the survival instinct grew in the human being, he began to take more care of himself, started being more cautious and when he got hurt, he also found ways of treating and healing himself.

India as a country is very famous for its invention of Ayurveda medicinal treatment.

Though over the period of time, somehow Ayurveda, Naturopathy, Aroma Therapy lost its value, up until now when the technology is changing at a drastically high speed and the world is running at a fast pace where people must keep up with their routine in order to be part of the competition, where they must be connected to their phones at all times of the day when has smart watches which is connected to their phones, where either the person is receiving a notification every minute or is sending one.

As a result is more stressed or is more frequently sick and has been not able to develop a community where he lives due to lack of time.

The biophilia hypothesis suggests that humans possess an innate tendency to seek connections with nature and other forms of life.

These natural surroundings strike a chord in us; they remind us in the deepest most basic way that we are an integral part of the natural world. When we forget that we are nature we suffer.

This simple, yet profound, realization that we are part of that natural world helps that process of healing batter. The best results of healing occur when the bonding with nature is achieved through’ Using locally available materials (depends on the choice of site) Healing gardens with medicinal plants suitable for the site location and climate, choosing of an opt site and open planning.

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Introduction

1.2. The Proposal: Designing of healing spaces goes beyond problem solving to plan the setting for a wide choice of comforting scenario by bonding with the nature.

Today there is a considerable shift in the number of people opting for natural and traditional medicine than allopathic medicine. Owing to the lack of a drift, a holistic and collective Centre with the alternative medicine’s treatment and supportive facilities is proposed.

The country has 7.37 lakh practitioners of alternative medicine streams registered with the AYUSH Ministry and over 3600 AYUSH hospitals. Hence this would be a much-appreciated facility in a country like India, which has the oldest roots of origin in terms of natural medicine.

Biophilia is a ‘love of life or living systems.’ It’s our inherent human connection to the natural world. In an urban world of technology and industrial architecture, this fundamental connection can sometimes feel all but lost.

Biophilic design is an innovative way to harness this affinity in order to create natural environments for us to live, work and learn. By consciously including nature in interior or architectural design, we are unconsciously reconnecting; bringing the great outdoors in to our constructed world.

Hence, this thesis will attempt to build a healing centre using the elements of biophilic design and by understanding its relation and reaction on human, it will provide a safe space for the people in need of the treatment.

This centre will also have knowledge centre for other people who can just visit the place for a day or two and explore things around, experience the spaces around the centre and could also sign up and volunteer to do the community service.

1.2.1. Need of the Proposal: Usually when treatment centres or hospital is mentioned, the reaction from the other person is not very pleasing, it’s either shocking or scared or a disgust. Architecturally also, people has often used the term hospital to describe a mundane building. An aesthetically unpleasant building is been compared by the standards of a hospital building.

Therefore, there happens to be a need to building a healing centre which not only provide with alternative medicinal treatments but also to make the space aesthetically pleasing with the help of biophilia.

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1.3. Aim: To develop a healing centre for alternative medicinal treatments and a recreational centre along with a knowledge centre with the help of biophilic design elements.

1.4. Objectives: • • • • •

To understand the concept of healing centres.

To understand the concept of alternative medicinal treatments.

To comprehend the hypothesis of biophilia and importance of biophilic design.

To study the relation between biophilic design and human interaction.

To attempt to provide a safe space for people who are in need of the treatment which indirectly will be helpful in the betterment of the society.

• To build the centre with help of using biophilic elements; making the building environmentally sober and animal friendly.

1.5. Scope and Limitations:

• • • • •

To encourage alternative medicinal treatment To educate people about the indigenous treatment methods To promote community services To make efforts towards a healthy lifestyle The present proposal will only focus on healing centre; thereby providing a future scope of developing a rehabilitation centre or other sorts of care centres for the development of the society.

• This dissertation focuses more on type of the spaces created.

• Material detail and project estimation is not the concern of this dissertation.

1.6. Methodology: The project begins with the primary research on biophilia, its elements and patterns in design and types of treatment. Then the thesis proceeds further by looking into the existing examples and inferences are taken from those case studies and after selection appropriate site, the design process began. The literature study will help in incorporating the type of spaces required for such an institution.

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Introduction

1.7. Conceptualization of the Dissertation: HUMAN BEING

Photo1: Representation of urban city life

DEVELOPS

Photo3: Stress

ADDICTION

ADDICTION

STRESS

LACK OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

GETTING DISTANT WITH NATURE Photo2: community life

UNHAPPY

SAD

Photo4: Depressed Person

REHABILITATION CENTER

SICK Photo5:Sick Person

Photo6: Addicted Person

SIDE EFFECTS

HEALING CENTRE WITH BIOPHILIC ELEMENTS

OXYTOCIN

ALLOPATHY

ALTERNATE MEDICINE

CALM MIND FOR PROCESSING THOUGHTS Photo7: Medicines

HAPPY HORMONES Photo8: Symbol of inducing positive thoughts

BETTERMENT OF HUMAN RACE & THE ENVIRONMENT

Photo9: Connection of body and soul

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Literature Study: 2.1. Biophilia 2.1.1. Biophilic Hypothesis 2.1.2. Human Relationship with nature 2.1.3. What is and is not biophilic design?

2.1.4. Distinctive characteristics 2.1.5. Biophilic Design Principles 2.1.6. Effects of biophilic Design 2.1.7. Biophilia in Context 2.1.8. Nature - Design Relationship 2.1.9. 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design 2.2. Types of Treatments 2.2.1. Acupuncture 2.2.2. Aromatherapy 2.2.3. Chromo - Therapy 2.2.4. Mud Therapy 2.2.5. Yoga / Meditation 2.2.6. Naturopathy 2.2.7. Physiotherapy

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2.1.1. Biophilia Hypothesis: Nature used to be all around us. Technically, it still is, though the quality of the nature that surrounds us has changed. Currently, 54% of the world’s population live in an urban environment. By 2050, it’s estimated that percentage will increase to 66% —two thirds of the world’s population! Generally, humans spend 93% of our time indoors separated from natural elements.

This issue represents an unhealthy byproduct of our current societal behavior. As we continue to move toward the city and spend more time indoors, our day-to-day interaction with quality nature is shrinking.

Ultimately, this is increasing our potential to experience psychological and physiological harm.

How can we work to reverse this trend and improve the overall well-being of our communities?

One contemporary concept is biophilic design, a strategic approach to tap into— and harness—nature in the built environment.

Idea that humans possess an innate tendency to seek connections with nature and other forms of life.

The term biophilia was used by German-born American psychoanalyst Erich From, in The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness (1973), which described biophilia as “the passionate love of life and of all that is alive.”

Figure1: General Idea of Biophilia

The term was later used by American biologist Edward O. Wilson in his work Biophilia (1984), which proposed that the tendency of humans to focus on and to affiliate with nature and other life-forms has, in part, a genetic basis.

Biophilic design concept features include indoor gardens, vertical garden walls, indoor plants, aromatherapy, sound, access to views of nature, access to open space, smart lighting systems, even green cleaning policies.

Photo 10: Biophilic design incorporated in spaces

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Literature Study

2.1.2. Human Relationship with Nature: Anecdotal and qualitative evidence suggests that humans are innately attracted to nature. For example, the appearance of the natural world, with its rich diversity of shapes, colours, and life, is universally appreciated. This appreciation is often invoked as evidence of biophilia.

The symbolic use of nature in human language, in idioms such as “blind as a bat” and “eager beaver,” and the pervasiveness of spiritual reverence for animals and nature in human cultures worldwide are other sources of evidence for biophilia.

Such spiritual experience and widespread affiliations with natural metaphors appear to be rooted in the evolutionary history of the human species, originating in eras when people lived in much closer contact with nature than most do today.

Nature and Health Regardless of the extent to which individuals feel or perceive biophilia, research has indicated that simply spending time in nature is beneficial for human health.

In one study, person who spent even just two hours per week interacting with nature reported greater satisfaction and better health than persons who spent less time in natural environments.

Among adults, spending time in natural environments is associated with improved mental and spiritual health; for children, being out in nature has been found to encourage physical activity and play.

Photo11: Green Wall adjacent to Masonry Wall, Paris These contrasting building facades employ direct (plants) and indirect (masonry and grill work that mimic organic forms) strategies to achieve successful biophilic effects.

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Air purifying plants Plants are fundamental to this form of design and some of the most important biophilic design elements, whether it be a vertical garden wall, moss art, hanging Japanese kokedamas or air-purifying indoor plants chosen for their health benefits.

Air-purifying plants improve CO2 levels in indoor spaces whilst adding natural beauty, restoring concentration levels and having a calming effect, making them of great use for biophilic designers like us.

Aesthetics with beauty & soul: Natural wall murals showing scenes of prospect and refuge are known to have stress-reducing properties while biophilic, nature-inspired wallpapers and moss mosaics such as this one we designed for the reception area of the Hero offices in Switzerland provide an abstract alternative, a concept known as ‘indirect biophilia’. photos: Hero /Daniel Werder Non-toxic, organic materials The value system of this type of interior design entails using sustainable, earth-friendly materials such as cork, FSC wood, rubber and bamboo, as well as natural patterns, colours, textures and finishes.

Photo 12: Air purifying plants in indoor space

A biophilic design concept rests on sustainable materials that avoid unnecessary impact on the environment.

This delivers a pure, organic and cohesive aesthetic every time; it also leads us to work with artisans and companies that share the same value system of respecting nature while promoting human health through the built environment

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Photo 13: ‘the growroom’ is a spherical structure that enables people to grow their own food. Image by alona vibe.

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Literature Study

Sound & scent In its quest for harmony with nature, biophilic interior design also integrates acoustic, sound-absorbing solutions such as moss walls and eco flooring panels, which can reduce ambient noise while also adding a natural aesthetic into a space. The soothing sounds and scents of nature, help create a comfortable, reassuring environment.

Photo 14: Biophilic design in mixed-use spaces

We have our own acoustic, world music playlists and have used birdsong in our wellness rooms to great effect. To create a multi-sensory experience, aromatherapy can calm and sooth or energize and inspire.

Our design strategies look to enhance access to natural light, views onto elements of nature, fresh air, sunlight and where appropriate nearby parks or waterways, allowing for benefits of biophilic design to be truly harvested.

Photo 15: Green roofs

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2.1.3. What is and is not biophilic design?

The fundamental goal of biophilic design is to create good habitat for people as biological organisms inhabiting modern structures, landscapes, and communities. Accomplishing this objective depends on meeting certain conditions.

First, because biophilia is essentially about evolved human tendencies, biophilic design focuses on those aspects of nature that, over evolutionary time, have contributed to our health and wellbeing. Let us be clear on this point: Any occurrence of nature in the built environment cannot be called biophilic design if it has no bearing on our species’ inborn tendencies that have advanced our fitness and survival.

Simply put, biophilic design focuses on those aspects of the natural world that have contributed to human health and productivity in the age-old struggle to be fit and survive. Thus, desert or deep-sea habitats or microorganisms or alien or extinct species or other obscure aspects of nature are largely irrelevant as aspects of biophilic design because they offer little if anything in the way of sustained benefits to people.

2.1.4. Distinctive Characteristics:

These distinctive characteristics yield a set of five conditions for the effective practice of biophilic design: 1. Biophilic design emphasizes human adaptations to the natural world that over evolutionary time have proven instrumental in advancing people’s health, fitness, and wellbeing.

2. Biophilic design depends on repeated and sustained engagement with nature.

3. Biophilic design requires reinforcing and integrating design interventions that connect with the overall setting or space. Exposures to nature within a disconnected space – such as an isolated plant or an out of context picture or a natural material at variance with other dominant spatial features – is NOT effective biophilic design.

4. Biophilic design fosters emotional attachments to settings and places. By satisfying our inherent inclination to affiliate with nature, biophilic design engenders an emotional attachment to particular spaces and places.

5. Effective biophilic design fosters connections between people and their environment, enhancing feelings of relationship, and a sense of membership in a meaningful community.

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Photo 16: Edmonton International Airport Terminal mural that depicts natural elements.

Photo17: Biophilic design in practice at the BP Lower 48 new office in Denver, Colorado. Plants in the living wall provide a direct experience of nature. (Photo: David Lauer Photography)

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Literature Study

2.1.5. Biophilic Design Principles: Biophilic design allows us to interact with nature without compromising our modern lifestyle, and studies over the past few decades have shown the restorative and enhancing effects it can have.

Biophilic design principles are generally organized into three categories: nature in the space, nature of the space, and natural analogues.

Nature in the space refers to the direct presence of nature and often includes multi-sensory interactions. These interactions can be thermal, visual, haptic, olfactory, or anything else where the natural presence is clear and direct.

Nature of the space is about mimicking or being inspired by spatial configurations in nature. This is about replicating the feelings that natural spaces give us, such as senses of refuge, mystery, prospect, or peril.

Natural analogues use indirect methods to reflect nature, such as the use of naturally-inspired patterns and shapes with non-natural materials or materials that have been extensively altered.

2.1.6. Effects of Biophilic Design: Biophilic design in the workplace has shown to increase creativity and reduce absenteeism, with studies recording an 8% increase in productivity and a 13% increase in employee well-being.

Biophilic design has also shown to improve patient recovery times in hospitals, reduce crime rates in residential areas, and increase learning ability and test results in schools.

These amazing results stem from the improved user experience of the building.

Many public spaces were built with function as their top priority and comfort as an afterthought, meaning that elements such as natural light, airflow, and atmosphere were not given much attention.

Photo18: Example of implementation of biophilic elements.

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The introduction of biophilic design to buildings provides its users with ways to reduce and release their stress, creating a healthier environment that people are happier to be in.

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2.1.7. Biophilia in Context: Classic examples include the garden courtyards of the Alhambra in Spain, porcelain fish bowls in ancient China, the aviary in Teotihuacan (ancient Mexico City), bonsai in Japanese homes, papyrus ponds in the homes of Egyptian nobles, the cottage garden in medieval Germany, or the elusive hanging gardens of Babylon. The consistency of natural themes in historic structures and places suggests that biophilic design is not a new phenomenon; rather, as a field of applied science, it is the codification of history, human intuition and neural sciences showing that connections with nature are vital to maintaining a healthful and vibrant existence as an urban species.

American landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted argued in 1865, that “…the enjoyment of scenery employs the mind without fatigue and yet exercises it, tranquilizes it and yet enlivens it; and thus, through the influence of the mind over the body, gives the effect of refreshing rest and reinvigoration to the whole system” (Olmsted, 1865).

Going to the mountains or seashore for recreation was becoming a growing trend; Winter gardens and conservatories become requisites of wealthy homes in Europe and the United States.

The term ‘biophilia’ was first coined by social psychologist Eric Fromm (The Heart of Man, 1964) and later popularized by biologist Edward Wilson (Biophilia, 1984).

The translation of biophilia as a hypothesis into design of the built environment was the topic of a 2004 conference and subsequent book on biophilic design (Eds., Kellert, Heerwagen & Mador, 2008) in which Stephen Kellert identified more than 70 different mechanisms for engendering a biophilic experience, and contributing authors William Browning and Jenifer Seal-Cramer outlined three classifications of user experience: Nature in the Space, Natural Analogues, and Nature of the Space.

The key issue is that some designed environments are well-adapted (supporting long term life) and some are not. So while golf courses and suburban lawns may be a savanna analogue, in many cases they require intense inputs of water and fertilizer and thus are unfortunately unsustainable design practices.

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Photo 19: Indoor plantation spaces

Photo 20: Example of spaces with indoor plants

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Literature Study

2.1.8. Nature-Design Relationship: Nature in the Space: It addresses the direct, physical and ephemeral presence of nature in a space or place.

This includes plant life, water and animals, as well as breezes, sounds, scents and other natural elements. Common examples include potted plants, flowerbeds, bird feeders, butterfly gardens, water features, fountains, aquariums, courtyard gardens and green walls or vegetated roofs. The strongest Nature in the Space experiences are achieved through the creation of meaningful, direct connections with these natural elements, particularly through diversity, movement and multi-sensory interactions.

Natural Analogues:

Photo 21: Elementary school in New York

It addresses organic, non-living and indirect evocations of nature. Objects, materials, colors, shapes, sequences and patterns found in nature, manifest as artwork, ornamentation, furniture, decor, and textiles in the built environment. Mimicry of shells and leaves, furniture with organic shapes, and natural materials that have been processed or extensively altered (e.g., wood planks, granite tabletops), each provide an indirect connection with nature: while they are real, they are only analogous of the items in their ‘natural’ state. The strongest Natural Analogue experiences are achieved by providing information richness in an organized and sometimes evolving manner.

Nature of the Space:

Photo 22: Direct and Indirect incorporation of biophilia

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It addresses spatial configurations in nature. This includes our innate and learned desire to be able to see beyond our immediate surroundings, our fascination with the slightly dangerous or unknown; obscured views and revelatory moments; and sometimes even phobia inducing properties when they include a trusted element of safety. The strongest Nature of the Space experiences are achieved through the creation of deliberate and engaging spatial configurations commingled with patterns of Nature in the Space and Natural Analogues.

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2.1.9. 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design: Nature in the space: 1. Visual Connection with Nature. A view to elements of nature, living systems and natural processes.

2. Non-Visual Connection with Nature. Auditory, haptic, olfactory, or gustatory stimuli that engender a deliberate and positive reference to nature, living systems or natural processes.

3. Non-Rhythmic Sensory Stimuli. Stochastic and ephemeral connections with nature that may be analyzed statistically but may not be predicted precisely.

4. Thermal & Airflow Variability. Subtle changes in air temperature, relative humidity, airflow across the skin, and surface temperatures that mimic natural environments.

5. Presence of Water. A condition that enhances the experience of a place through seeing, hearing or touching water.

6. Dynamic & Diffuse Light. Leverages varying intensities of light and shadow that change over time to create conditions that occur in nature.

7. Connection with Natural Systems. Awareness of natural processes, especially sea sonal and temporal changes characteristic of a healthy ecosystem.

Photo 23: Green wall in office spaces.

Natural Analogues: 8. Biomorphic Forms & Patterns. Symbolic references to contoured, patterned, textured or numerical arrangements that persist in nature.

9. Material Connection with Nature. Materials and elements from nature that, through minimal processing, reflect the local ecology or geology and create a distinct sense of place.

10. Complexity & Order. Rich sensory information that adheres to a spatial hierarchy similar to those encountered in nature.

Photo 24: Central Atrium, Genzyme Building, Cambridge, MA

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Nature of the space: 11. Prospect. An unimpeded view over a distance, for surveillance and planning.

12. Refuge. A place for withdrawal from environmental conditions or the main flow of activity, in which the individual is protected from behind and overhead.

13. Mystery. The promise of more information, achieved through partially obscured views or other sensory devices that entice the individual to travel deeper into the environment.

14. Risk/Peril. An identifiable threat coupled with a reliable safeguard.

Biophilia is humankind’s innate biological connection with nature. It helps explain why crackling fires and crashing waves captivate us; why a garden view can enhance our creativity; why shadows and heights instill fascination and fear; and why animal companionship and strolling through a park have restorative, healing effects.

For decades, research scientists and design practitioners have been working to define aspects of nature that most impact our satisfaction with the built environment.

But how do we move from research to application in a manner that effectively enhances health and well-being?

Photo 25: Green wall in different spaces.

Photo 26: Inside Khoo teck puat hospital, singapore.

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2.2. Types of Treatments: In this dissertation, 7 treatments are selected as per the requirement of the healing centre and hence following treatments are discussed: 1. Acupuncture 2. Aromatherapy 3. Chromotherapy 4. Mud Therapy 5. Yoga/ Meditation 6. Naturopathy 7. Physiotherapy Other few treatments under the category of alternative medicines are: 1. Hydrotherapy 2. Ayurveda

Photo 27: Depiction of how chromotherapy has effects on human body.

Photo 28: Aromatherapy and nauropathy elements.

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Literature Study

2.2.1. Acupuncture: Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese medicine-based approach to treating a variety of conditions by triggering specific points on the skin with needles.

The Chinese philosophy behind acupuncture is a bit more complicated, as the ancient practice isn’t traditionally based in science and medicine. “They believed that the human body was filled with and animated by an invisible life-giving force which they called ‘qi’ (pronounced ‘chee’) and when the qi was flowing well and going to all the right places, then a person would experience good mental and physical health.

When the qi was flowing incorrectly (blocked or deficient) that would result in illness,” says Kempisty. The concept of qi isn’t too out there — think of it as your body’s natural inner workings.

Sometimes you’re more prone to illness when feeling stressed or anxious. When you’re relaxed and healthy, your body physically reflects that too.

In terms of results, it’s nearly impossible to say what one should expect, as everyone responds to and experiences acupuncture differently.

“There is no universal response to acupuncture. Some people feel relaxed and may be a little tired, others feel energized and ready for anything,” Kempisty explains. “Some people experience an improvement right away and for others it can take several treatments before noticing a positive change.”

It aims to cure: Photo 29: Pressuring the specific points in the body to release stress

• • • • • • • • • • • •

Photo 30: Person in their acupuncture treatment session.

Photo 31: Pressuring the specific points to release stress

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Allergies Anxiety and depression Osteoarthritis Chronic pain, often in the neck, Back, knees, and head Hypertension Insomnia Menstrual cramps and PMS Migraines Morning sickness Sprains Strokes

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2.2.2. Aromatherapy: Aromatherapy is a holistic healing treatment that uses natural plant extracts to promote health and well-being. Sometimes it’s called essential oil therapy.

Aromatherapy uses aromatic essential oils medicinally to improve the health of the body, mind, and spirit. It enhances both physical and emotional health.

Aromatherapy is thought of as both an art and a science. Recently, aromatherapy has gained more recognition in the fields of science and medicine.

Humans have used aromatherapy for thousands of years. Ancient cultures in China, India, Egypt, and elsewhere incorporated aromatic plant components in resins, balms, and oils.

These natural substances were used for medical and religious purposes. They were known to have both physical and psychological benefits.

Aromatherapy works through the sense of smell and skin absorption using products such as these: • Diffusers • Aromatic spritzers • Inhalers • Bathing salts • Body oils, creams, or lotions for massage or topical application • Facial steamers • Hot and cold compresses • Clay masks

Aromatherapy has an array of benefits. It’s said to: • Manage pain • Reduce stress, agitation, and anxiety • Soothe sore joints • Treat headaches and migraines • Alleviate side effects of chemotherapy ease discomforts of labor • Fight bacteria, virus, or fungus • Improve digestion • Depression • Insomnia • Boost immunity

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Photo 32: Scented candles and aromatic spritzers

Photo 33: body oils

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2.2.3. Chromo-Therapy: Chromotherapy is the use of the visible spectrum, or color light, to heal the physical, mental and spiritual energy imbalance that tends to lead to disease. It is one of the most holistic and simple methods to cure illness.

This healing modality does not require you to consume anything, nor does it require putting anything on your body like an ointment. You simply lay or sit under the desired color.

Colors are all vibratory. Each of the color photons has its own wavelength and frequency. The body recognizes these waveforms and responds to them.

The way we perceive color is because of the vibration it holds. Each color charges our cells a certain way as a result. But it is important to acknowledge that each color gives us a certain amount of energy manifesting as creativity, motivation, happiness, or energy that relaxes our bodies, clears the mind of anxiety and stress, and gives us a good night of rest.

Chromotherapy first originated in China, Greece, Egypt, and India. These countries used colors as medicine.

The body consists of all colors of the visible spectrum, so the body needs to be exposed to colors consciously to remain balanced and healthy.

Chromotherapy and chakras go hand in hand because each chakra governs a certain color.

Photo 34: colour therapy

Helps clear thoughts and taps you into your intuition Mental Relaxation Anti-anxiety, helps speech and communication.

Healing for the heart, soul and body Heals the body and invigorates the mind Strengthens immune system and relieves indigestion

Photo 35: chromotherapy room layout

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relieves sore muscles, aches and pains

Figure2: Colours and their effects on human body

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2.2.4. Mud Therapy: Mud therapy means applying hot/cold mud on your body for healing purposes.

A mud bath is a bath of mud, commonly from areas where hot spring water can combine with volcanic ash. Mud baths have existed for thousands of years, and can be found now in high-end spas in many countries of the world.

Mud baths come from many sources: • Lakes • Saltwater sea • Hot springs • Mud volcano The mud is a combination of local volcanic ash, imported Canadian peat and naturally heated mineral waters. Mud baths may contain minerals like sulphur, zinc, magnesium, and bromine that are said to: • Draw out impurities from the skin • Improve skin conditions, like ecze• Exfoliate dead skin cells ma and psoriasis • Relax sore muscles and joints • Relieve pain from rheumatoid arthritis

Photo36: Mud therapy created in a natural outdoor arrangement

Photo38: Mud therapy reference from netflix series suits.

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Photo37: Mud therapy created in a natural outdoor arrangement

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2.2.5. Yoga/ Meditation: Derived from the Sankrit word ‘yuj’ which means ‘to unite or integrate’, yoga is a 5,000-year-old Indian body of knowledge. Yoga is all about harmonizing the body with the mind and breath through the means of various breathing exercises, yoga poses (asanas) and meditation.

Physical benefits: • Increased flexibility.

• Increased muscle strength and tone.

• Improved respiration, energy and vitality.

• Maintaining a balanced metabolism.

• Weight reduction.

• Cardiac and circulatory health.

• Improved athletic performance.

• Protection from injury.

• Good for Your Heart Yoga has long been known to lower blood pressure and slow the heart rate. A slower heart rate can benefit people with high blood pressure or heart disease, and people who’ve had a stroke.

Yoga has also been linked to lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and better immune system function.

Photo39: Meditation Therapy

Photo40: Yoga Therapy

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2.2.6. Naturopathy: The modern form of Naturopathy embarked in the 19th century as natural healing systems. Known as `Nature Cure`, it started in Germany and other countries with `Water Cure` called hydrotherapy/water therapy.

In India, the `Nature Cure` movement was popularized during the times of Mahatma Gandhi.

Treat the Whole Person : Recognize a patient’s individuality by taking into account individual physical, mental, genetic, environmental, social, and other factors.

Prevention is preferable to cure : Prevention is preferable to cure in order to keep the Vital Force at all times at its optimum.

Education : The Naturopath educates his patients by bringing a better understanding of health, how to maintain it and how to avoid getting sick. This way the patient can take responsibility for himself.

2.2.7. Physiotherapy: The treatment of problems of the muscles, joints, or nerves, especially using exercises or by rubbing or moving the affected body parts.

Physical therapy is provided by physical therapists who promote, maintain, or restore health through physical examination, diagnosis, prognosis, patient education, physical intervention, rehabilitation, disease prevention and health promotion.

Photo41: Essential oils and species for naturopathy

Area Requirement: The area requirement for acupuncture room, mud therapy, aromatherapy + chromotherapy, and naturopathy is 25m2 for 2 bed space + 10m2 space for bath and changing, making a total of 35m2.

The yoga and meditation centre will need more area comparatively, therefore separating treatment centre from yoga centre and meditation centre.

Photo42: Essential oils and species for naturopathy

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Photo43(A): Physiotherapy treatment

Photo43(B): Physiotherapy treatment

Photo43(C): Physiotherapy Treatment

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3

Site Appraisal: 3.1. Potential Site 3.2. Site Selection Matrix 3.3. Final Site 3.4. Site Context 3.4.1. Connectivity 3.4.2. Proximity 3.5. Site Analysis 3.5.1. Elements of climate 3.5.2. Contours 3.5.3. Pertaining bye-laws 3.6. Site Drawing 3.7. Site Photos

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3.1. Potential Site:

Photo44: Location of potential sites on google mymaps

Photo45: Vasna Site on google earth imagery

Photo46: Site at Gandhinagar on google earth imagery

Site2: Location: Ahmedabad, near Vasna reservoir, 20kms from bhat circle (SP ring road) Area: 1,05,275m2

Site1: Location: Gandhinagar, across punit van sector-18, 13kms from bhat circle (SP ring road) Area: 1,04,380m2

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Site Appraisal

3.2. Site Selection Matrix: Criteria

Site 1 G’nagar

Site 2 A’bad

+ + -

+ O +

Near a Waterbody

+

+

Natural Greenery

+

O

Area Topography Proposed Site

(for exploration) (By the Government)

Land use Zone of site

(Acc. To byelaws)

O

+

Development

(around the site as in infrastructure)

O

+

-

+

O

+

-

+

Future Development Connectivity of Site

(public transport and main road)

Footfall

Good +

Average O

Poor -

Table1: Site Selection Criteria

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3.3. Final Site: March 2016: Much like the bahai lotus temple in delhi, Ahmedabad’s riverfront, too, will soon have it’s own iconic meditation centre perched right in the midst of 15,000 trees spread over 10 hectares of land.

This will be right beside the vasna reservoir water body. What’s more, almost four hectares will be declared as a silent zone with no major construction or activity centres coming up nearby.

A proposal for this biodiversity park has been moved to the state urban development department for finding partners for the project.

There will be special shelter for birds and even medium sized water bodies to attract exotic birds. The biodiversity park and the iconic meditation centre will be a place for city dwellers to escape the humdrum of urban life and sit with their families amidst nature, says a senior SRFDCL official.

It was also a part of a design competition in 2018. http://www.architecturepressrelease. com/mind-space-meditation-park-ahemdabad-gujarat-india-by-rahul-arora/ Hence, The proposed site is at Vasna, Ahmedabad.

SWOT Analysis: Strength: • Prime location, in the heart of the city • Easy connectivity to the site • Direct access to Riverfront Weakness: • Old area of the city hence old construction in surrounding of the site.

• Approach road wouldn’t be interesting because of existing construction.

Opportunity: • A part of riverfront will be developed as a healing centre.

• As biodiversity park and healing centre will be developed, that area would be declared as silent zone and hence, no further noisy or haphazard construction would take place around 4kms of radius of the site.

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Site Appraisal

3.4. Site Context: Location: Vasna water reservoir, Near Riverfront, Ahemdabad Site area: 1,05,275 m² Approach: Below, ambedkar flyover through prabhudas college road The surrounding area of the site is mostly residential with a mix of low rise and high rise buildings. At present the site are has been restricted due to the water treatment plant operated by the government so the only access is through biodiversity park.

3.4.1. Connectivity: Vasna Road Anjali Cross roads Site

Dr. Ambedkar Bridge

Photo47: Site connectivity on google mymaps

3.4.2. Proximity:

Photo48: Site location on TP scheme.

Photo49: Site Proximity on google mymaps

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3.5. Site Analysis:

Photo50: Latitudinal Section

Photo51: Longitudinal Section

3.5.1. Elements of Climate:

3.5.3. Pertaining Bye-laws:

Ground Coverage: 15% Roadside margin = 7.5Climate : Hot and dry Temperature : 27-49C Rainfall : 50-150 mm/annum Humidity: 10%-50% Sky condition: Clear sky Vegetation : Dry Deciduous Soil : dry soil

Zone: Parks, gardens and recreational space - P This zone is also primarily meant for green open spaces such as parks and gardens in the city with minimal development with minimal development with limited FSI and height.

FSI: 0.15

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3.5.2. Contours:

Figure3: Contours of the site and context

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3.6. Site Drawing:

Figure4: Site Drawing

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3.7. Site Photos:

Photo52(A): Site context

Photo52(B): Site context

Photo52(C): Site context

Photo53(A): Site

Photo52(D): Site context

Photo53(B): Site

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Case Studies: 4.1. Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore 4.2. Ostra Psychiatric Facility, Sweden 4.3. CEE, India

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4.1. Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore Every opportunity has been maximized for the creation of therapeutic green spaces.

Khoo Teck Puat hospital has landscape footprints at every oor to ensure patients and staff are constantly treated with garden views at different angles and to provide for a calming surrounding that soothes and rejuvenates.

Design with 3 building blocks overlooking a central courtyard they’re adjacent to 8 roof gardens, 5 levels of corten planters, 81 balconies planter boxers and vertical gardens.

Each roof gardens portrays interesting themes to keep them engaging and educational, for example the organic roof top farm has over 130 fruit trees and vegetable plots with over 50 varieties of edibles and others cater to specific patient needs such as geriatric and dementia.

The energy efficient design reduces energy costs by 50% and provides 40% of the floor area with the potential for natural ventilation.

• Location: Singapore • Built in: 2010 • Architect: RMJM • Area: 34,000m2 The concept behind the aesthetic organization of Alexandra is driven by the utilization of the natural advantages of the site; given the benefits of natural surroundings, the design team developed the idea of “the Hospital in a Garden.”

Yishun Pond itself grew to be a central feature of the design; inpatient units face the pond, whose shoreline is to be reclaimed for exercise paths and food pavilions.

Photo54: Khoo teck puat hospital entrance

The pond provides a soothing water-scape view for staff and patients in the nursing towers at the eastern edge of the 32,000 square meter site, while the garden landscape greets visitors, patients and staff at the entry to Yishun Central Avenue at the western extremity.

Its biophilic design, which incorporates nature and its representations to improve people’s health and well-being.

Photo55: view of hospital facing the lake

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Case Studies

“The hospital is built in a V-shaped in order to allow breezes to first skim over the storm water pond. The goal was that patients could access natural light, cooling breezes, and views without risk of solar glare or rain entry” Khoo Teck Puat Hospital , “is Designed to be a ‘forest-like’ huge green court , it includes water features with aquatic species and plants that attract birds and butterflies.

The greenery cascades to upper levels and down into an open-to-sky basement, creating the ambiance of architecture that is deeply enmeshed in to a garden, and at the upper levels, balconies with scented plants”(Green in Future Pvt. Ltd., 2018). It found that those who had a window view of trees stayed for a shorter time in the hospital, had less negative observations about their condition noted by nurses, and took fewer strong doses of painkillers than patients whose windows faced a brick wall.

A waterfall that cascades into a central garden courtyard, rooftop gardens and planter boxes along corridors and outside wards provide patients with green views, and the hospital grounds even open out into Yishun Pond.’

The hospital’s public areas are also naturally ventilated by louvers on the facade which channel wind throughout the interior while blocking out direct sunlight.

Photo56: bird eye view of the hospital

Biophilic Patterns: Sight, visual access to greenery and water; Smell, selection of scented plants; Sound of falling water; Diversity of plants, birds and butterflies; Community, public space situated within blue-green areas.

Figure5: Cross ventilation on the hospital site

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4.2. OSTRA PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL, SWEDEN: The floor plan is composed of four repeating L-shaped departments, three outdoor courtyards, and a connecting “spine”. Three of the departments are positioned side by side, with a fourth rotated to create the 3 large central garden courtyards.

Ostra’s subdivision of space is an example of complexity and order: sensory information that adheres to a spatial hierarchy similar to those encountered in nature. The transition from private to semi-private and semi-public breaks the department into various environments and allows patients to participate in all three realms depending on their preference.

The floor plan is composed of four repeating L-shaped departments, three outdoor courtyards, and a connecting “spine”. Three of the departments are positioned side by side, with a fourth rotated to create the 3 large central garden courtyards. Ostra’s subdivision of space is an example of complexity and order: sensory information that adheres to a spatial hierarchy similar to those encountered in nature.

• Location: Goteborg, Sweden • Built in: 2006 • Architect: White Architects • Area: 18,000m2 The transition from private to semi-private and semi-public breaks the department into various environments and allows patients to participate in all three realms depending on their preference.

Photo57: Internal courtyard of the facility

Studies have shown that prospect and refuge spaces reduce stress and allow patients to feel in control of their surroundings.

“If patients are allowed to personalize and otherwise show their territories, the researchers tell us, then the social atmosphere should improve and the environment be perceived in a more positive light”

Photo58: View facing towards the internal courtyard of the facility

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Case Studies

[P1] Visual Connection with Nature. Lowered blood pressure and heart rate; improved mental engagement/attentiveness; positively impacted attitude and overall happiness.

[P6] Dynamic and Diffuse Light. Positively impacted circadian system functioning; increased visual comfort.

[P10] Complexity & Order. Positively impacted perceptual and physiological stress responses; observed view preference.

[P12] Refuge. Improved concentration attention and perception of safety.

Photo59: Refuge corners around the facility

Figure6: Typical floor plan explaining the module detail

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4.3. CEE, India: The Centre for Environment Education in Ahmedabad is an institute founded with a mandate to further environmental education by the Government of India. While CEE centres are spread all across India, the one at Ahmedabad, which is the headquarters, is about 32 years old now. Established in 1984, this building has been designed by architect Neelkanth Chhaya, former dean of CEPT university, when he was still a young architect. Spread over a site of about 14 acres, the CEE-Ahmedabad campus houses several functions catering to the programs of sustainability and environmental education.

It was imperative for the building for environment education must itself be an instrument of such learning. It is unfortunate that there exists hardly any literature on its own website about the architecture of the place itself, which is a sensitive as well as a sustainable response to the site. Built on a tekra - a mound in the north of the city the structure follows the contours while embracing the natural landscape. Using the opportunity of the undulating site to create a variety of experiences, the building is almost a map of its landscape.

• Location: Ahmedabad, India • Built in: 1991 • Architect: Neelkanth Chhaya • Area: 7915m2 Simple square cubic spaces nested within each other enclose spaces in varying degrees of openness.

Responding appropriately to the climate, the building offers enough release spaces into its heavily landscaped outdoor, which is never too warm under the thick canopy of trees.

The multiple terraces under the tree cover are seemingly more habitable than the inside.

Photo60: CEE Administration area

They give different degrees of privacy and proximity with people. Three strategic sections give rise to distinct experiences: 1. Building fully / partially under the ground 2. Building leveled with the ground 3. Terracing the ground.

Photo61: View from administration to the parking building

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Photo63: Bridge connecting two blocks

Photo64: Towards classrooms and the play of Photo65: Library block levels and camouflage with nature

Photo 2:

Figure7: CEE plan

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Area Matrix:

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Area Matrix: Function

Area

Administration Block

260m²

Reception area Board Room Finance Office Toilets Store + Pantry Maintenance Room Cafeteria (Kitchen + open seating area) Book Store Amphitheater

60m² 20m² 40m² 35m² 20m² 15m² 30m² + 430m²

10 20 5

40m²

20 200-250

Treatment Centre Block

1700m²

Reception area Doctors cabins (5) 16x5 Treatment Rooms (10) 60(7) + 30(3) Seminar Hall Toilets Store + Maintenance Room

50m² 80m² 510m²

7 10 20

50m² 35m² 25m²

50

Meditation Centre Meditation Hall Assembly Hall Yoga Room Seminar hall Reading Room Mess Toilets + Changing rooms

No. Of Users

3 2 110

2-3

1100m²

Participant Stay (25x65)

330m² 100m² 100m² 135m² 100m² 100m² 180m²

100-150 50-70 35-40 70 - 75 30 - 35 50

Staff Stay (2BHK) (With Family)

3500m²

65

750m²

8

Table2: Area Matrix

Total built – up = 7500m² + 15% for services such as connectivity, elevators = 1125m² Total built – up area = 9000m²

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Area Matrix

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Design Development: 6.1. Conceptual Development 6.2. At Site Level 6.3. At Block Level

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6.1. Conceptual Development: • To restrict vehicular access at the entrance of the site.

• To separate public and private space - administration, public utilities, treatment centre and meditation centre to be placed near entrance.

• Staff accommodation was thought with family and all employees in the first layout.

• A walkway connection to the existing biodiversity park.

Figure8: Conceptual development stage-1

Photo66(A): Contextual Site model

Photo66(B): Contextual Site model

Photo66(C): Contextual Site model

Photo66(D): Contextual Site model

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Design Development

6.2. At Site Level:

Figure9: Conceptual development stage-2

Figure10: Conceptual development stage-3

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6.3. At Block Level: Administration Block:

Photo67: Admin block

Photo68: Admin Block

Figure11: Administration conceptual layout-1

• Arranging the functions around courtyard for maximum light and ventilation, adding biophilic elements to make space more comfortable and adaptable.

Figure12: Administration conceptual layout-2

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Design Development

Participant’s Stay: • Participants rooms are separated creating green pockets which could be treated as other private space and the central garden can be used for gathering.

Photo 2:

Figure13: Participant’s stay conceptual layout-1

Photo69: Participant’s Stay model

Figure14: Participant’s stay conceptual layout-2

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Treatment Block:

Figure15: Treatment Centre conceptual layout-1

• Treatment rooms are provided their private green spaces which will be covered by jali allowing sunlight and wind to enter while providing privacy as there will be no need for windows.

• Also in the centre, a water body is provided to keeping the temperature low.

Photo70: Treatment Centre model

Figure16: Treatment Centre conceptual layout-2

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Design Development

Meditation Centre: • Meditation hall is placed on the large flat plateau of the site doe the ease of construction due to its size and span.

• The water body around the hall will have “garra rufa” fishes for people to dip their legs as they feed on human dead skin.

Figure17: Meditation Centre conceptual layout-1

Photo 2:

Photo71: Meditation Centre model

Figure18: Meditation Centre conceptual layout-2

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Staff Stay:

Figure19: Staff Stay conceptual layout

• Placing the staff stay at the right top corner of the site to provide enough privacy while providing a separate entry from them.

• Along with being separate from other functions by location and greenery, it creates a little community by itself by creating this cluster.

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Design Development

Figure20: Conceptual development stage-4

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Final Drawings: 7.1. Ground Floor plan 7.2. Second Level Plan 7.3. Section EE’ 7.4.Parking Detail 7.5. Administration Block 7.6. Participant’s Stay 7.7. Treatment Centre 7.8. Meditation Centre 7.9. Staff Stay 7.10. Technical Layout

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Renders:

Photo72: Rendered bird eye view from the back of the site

Photo73: Rendered bird eye view from the front side of the site

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Final Drawings

7.3. Parking Detail:

37

FOUR WHEELER PARKING LVL +42.8M

66

TWO WHEELERS =248 FOUR WHEELERS = 100 +42.8M

+43.55M

31

CYCLE STATION

LVL+42.8M

+43.55M

WAY TO PARKING

+48.2M

UP

+46.25M

UP

+44M

UP

UP

ENTRY

+48.2M

+49.1M

+48.95M

WATER BODY

UP

Security Cabin

LVL +40M

+45.05M

+44M

UP

+46.25M

+48.2M

UP

+44M

Figure25: AutoCAD layout of parking detail

Photo74(A): Entrance of the site

Photo74(B): Entrance of the site

Photo74(C): Entrance of the site

Photo74(D): Entrance of the site

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Renders:

0

5

15M

Figure26: SectionBB’

Photo75(A): Administration Block

Photo75(B): Administration Block

Photo75(C): Administration Block

Photo75(D): Administration Block

Photo75(E): Administration Block

Photo75(F): Administration Block

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Final Drawings

7.4. Administration Block:

A

A’

B

B’

Figure27: Administration Plan

Legend:

3. Finance office 4. Toilets 1. Reception area 5. Pantry 2. Board room 6. Store

0

5

7. Maintenance room 8. Book store 9. Cafeteria

15M

Figure28: SectionAA’

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Renders:

Photo76(A): Participant’s Stay

Photo76(B): Participant’s Stay

Photo76(C): Participant’s Stay

Photo76(D): Participant’s Stay

Photo76(E): Participant’s Stay

Photo76(F): Participant’s Stay

Photo76(G): Participant’s Stay

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Final Drawings

7.5. Participant’s Stay:

C

C’

Figure29: Participant’s Stay Plan

Legend: 1. Reception area 2. Participant’s rooms

0

5

15M

Figure30: SectionCC’

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Renders:

Photo77(A): Treatment Centre

Photo77(B): Treatment Centre

Photo77(C): Treatment Centre

Photo77(D): Treatment Centre

Photo77(E): Treatment Centre

Photo77(F): Treatment Centre

Photo77(G): Treatment Centre

Photo77(H): Treatment Centre

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Final Drawings

7.6. Treatment Centre:

D

D’

Figure31: Treatment Centre Plan

LEGEND: 1. Reception area 2. Doctor’s clinics

0

5

3. Toilets 4. Seminar hall 5. Store 6. Treatment rooms

15M

Figure32: SectionDD’

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Renders:

Photo78: Bird eye view of site

Photo79(A): Meditation Centre

Photo79(B): Meditation Centre

Photo79(C): Meditation Centre

Photo79(D): Meditation Centre

Photo79(E): Meditation Centre

Photo79(F): Meditation Centre

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Final Drawings

7.7. Meditation Centre: E

E’ Figure33: Meditation Centre Plan

Legend: 1. Assembly hall 2. Yoga room 3. Toilets + changing room 4. Mess 5. Reading room 6. Seminar hall 7. Meditation hall

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Renders:

Photo80: Bird eye view of the site

Photo81(A): Staff’s Stay

Photo81(B): Staff’s Stay

Photo81(C): Staff’s Stay

Photo81(D): Staff’s Stay

Photo81(E): Staff’s Stay

Photo81(F): Staff’s Stay

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Final Drawings

7.8. Staff Stay:

F

F’

Figure34: Staff’s Stay Plan

0

5

15M

Figure35: Section FF’

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EPILOGUE This dissertation focuses on nature, space and nature of spaces. Having produced this thesis, I gained knowledge on how human senses reacts and interacts with nature and how much connection with nature is important and also the bare minimum requirement. In today’s urban lifestyle, people are so busy living and scheduling their materialistic lives that they literally have started living in a box and their stress and anxiety levels have reached to its peak.

The future scope of this project could focus on material palette, making the place more habitable for people and can also see a play between material of the building and the nature. Moreover, biophilia has two aspects, the nature and other living forms.

Hence, this thesis can be carried further and make a centre habitable for animals also.

Now-a-days, animal shelters are growing at a good pace because people have started understanding that whatever thing is a life in it, has a soul and is equally valuable, while it is true that animals can live on their own, but during the occurrence of natural or man made disaster, animals needs shelter.

As this thesis has also started a conversation for community service, their can be regular seminars arranged for more awareness of such programs and special attention should be paid to students in school and should make them understand about the importance of these things at an early age for betterment of their growth.

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Bibliography: Chapter 1: 1. “Biophilic Design: What Is It? Why It Matters? And How Do We Use It?”. Building Design + Construction, 2021, https://www.bdcnetwork.com/blog/biophilic-design-whatit-why-it-matters-and-how-do-we-use-it 2. “14 Patterns Of Biophilic Design”. Terrapinbrightgreen.Com, 2021, https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/14-patterns/ 3. Studio brief of VIDA provided by Prof. Kalpesh Patel 4. “Biophilia Hypothesis | Description, Nature, & Human Behavior”. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2021, https://www.britannica.com/science/biophilia-hypothesis 5. Thesis of Nehal Patel – VIDA, batch-2015.

6. “An Introduction To Biophilic Design”. Interface.Com, 2021, https://www.interface. com/IN/en-IN/campaign/biophilic-design/Biophilic-Design-Campaign-en_IN. Chapter 2: 1. “Biophilia Hypothesis | Description, Nature, & Human Behavior”. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2021, https://www.britannica.com/science/biophilia-hypothesis.

2. “Biophilic Design Principles, Elements & Concept - Biofilico — Biofilico Wellbeing Real Estate & Interiors”. Biofilico Wellbeing Real Estate & Interiors, 2021, https://biofilico.com/ biophilic-design.

3. “The Principles And Benefits Of Biophilic Design”. ANS Global, 2021, https://www.ansgroupglobal.com/news/principles-and-benefits-biophilic-design.

4. “Acupuncture: How It Works, Benefits, And Results For Pain”. Healthline, 2021, https://www.healthline.com/health/acupuncture-how-does-it-work-scientifically#what-to-expect.

5. “What Is Aromatherapy And How Does It Help Me?”. Healthline, 2021, https://www. healthline.com/health/what-is-aromatherapy#TOC_TITLE_HDR_1.

6. “The Health Benefits Of Practicing Yoga”. Webmd, 2021, https://www.webmd.com/ balance/guide/the-health-benefits-of-yoga.

7. Types of treatments ppt provided by the guide.

8. “What Is Chromotherapy? | A Guide To Wellness & Light Therapy”. Sweatbox Sauna Bar, 2021, https://www.sweatboxsb.com/blog/2018/october/what-is-chromotherapy-/.

9. “Infrastructure – . Main.Ayush.Gov.In, 2021, https://main.ayush.gov.in/infrastructure.

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Chapter 3: 1. Google Earth 2. Google Mymaps 3. News, City et al. “Riverfront Soon To Have Meditation Centre | Ahmedabad News - Times Of India”. The Times Of India, 2021, http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/51608876.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst.

4. “Mind Space Meditation Park, Ahemdabad, Gujarat, India By Rahul Arora”. Architecturepressrelease.Com, 2021, http://www.architecturepressrelease.com/ mind-space-meditation-park-ahemdabad-gujarat-india-by-rahul-arora/.

5. AUDA Plan, 2031 Chapter 4: 1. “Khoo Teck Puat Hospital”. The Cooper Union, 2021, https://cooper.edu/project/ khoo-teck-puat-hospital.

2. “Khoo Teck Puat Hospital By RMJM”. Architizer, 2021, https://architizer.com/projects/ khoo-teck-puat-hospital/.

3. “Sutori”. Sutori.Com, 2021, https://www.sutori.com/story/khoo-teck-puat-hospital--WHrNh4qxUKb8jJP48tMXdbYL. 4. “2017 Award Winner: Khoo Teck Puat Hospital | Living-Future.Org”. International Living Future Institute, 2021, https://living-future.org/biophilic/case-studies/award-winnerkhoo-teck-puat-hospital/.

5. “Terrapin Home - Terrapin Bright Green”. Terrapin Bright Green, 2021, https://www. terrapinbrightgreen.com/.

6. Ostra psychiatric Facility PDF. 7. Centre for Environment Education, Ahmedabad. “Centre For Environment Education, Ahmedabad”. Anujdaga.Blogspot.Com, 2021, https://anujdaga.blogspot. com/2017/03/centre-for-environment-education.html.

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Image references: 1. https://www.logolynx.com/topic/urban+living 2. https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/community-people-care-logo-and-symbols-template-vector-17960128 3. https://www.vecteezy.com/vector-art/2212476-line-icon-for-stress 4. https://www.shutterstock.com/search/depression+icon 5. https://www.shutterstock.com/search/sick+symbol 6. https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/addict-man-and-set-addictionsymbols-outlined-vector-4842351 7. https://www.shutterstock.com/search/drug+tablets+icon 8. https://depositphotos.com/234627038/stock-illustration-holy-water-drops-logo-sign. html 9. https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/body-and-soul-meditation-logosign-symbol-logo-vector-26127837 10. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ac2ddf285ede15e39a57666/1617185604308-08TGXO3V4EG4VLVB0VSC/Design-Anthology-2021-04+Citibank+SG%2C+MOD-15_CWH_L7_GardenDiscussionPods_3.jpg?format=1000w 11. https://www.metropolismag.com/architecture/what-is-and-is-not-biophilic-design/ 12. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5696733025981d28a35ef8ab/1518184645501-ZRH9S8D96XYVQDOZG1YK/Ballymore_Biofit-20.jpg?format=2500w 13. https://www.designboom.com/design/ikea-space10-the-growroom-flat-packspherical-garden-02-20-2017/ 14. https://archipro.co.nz/project/the-workshop-sculptform 15. https://www.ansgroupglobal.com/blog/principles-and-benefits-biophilic-design 16. https://bluprint.onemega.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/KTPH.jpg 17. https://i.pinimg.com/originals/77/7c/c9/777cc930e2e9ab24feeb451c2de7417a. jpg 18. https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Ostra-Psychiatry-CaseStudy.pdf 96| Page

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19. https://static.standaard.be/Assets/Images_Upload/2020/03/25/505b90f8-6e1111ea-81c2-13209f0708b0.jpg?width=1152&format=jpg 20. https://studio505.com.au/admin-resources/image-toolsfd1b.jpg?w=874&q=95&src=/yishuncommunity-hospital/green_connections.jpg 21. https://static.tildacdn.com/tild3866-3738-4265-b434-626265396664/Khoo-TeckPuat-Hospi.jpg 22. https://www.stantec.com/content/dam/stantec/images/ideas/blogs/009/biophilic-designwhat-is-it-1.jpg.transform/small/image.20200421.jpeg 23. https://i.pinimg.com/236x/34/07/25/3407259e87846d4455f4b9792d33d2c8.jpg 24. https://pbs.twimg.com/media/D7w_k76UEAEnopM.jpg 25. http://cloud.jantakiawaz.org/19241C97gR3p8ytajwsxEGE71v1XNtvgWOXqz0821575/ayurve

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THANK YOU!

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Prashanti Poojara Email Id: pvpoojara@gmail.com

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