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ChangingTimes
Friday, April 7, 2017
By Sylvia Endacott
Self-taught naturalist uncovered town's past Henry Guermonprez amassed thousands of items of natural science I RECENTLY re-read an email enquiring about a family member, Henry Guermonprez (1858– 1924) that I had received a few years ago. THis week, therefore, I thought we could take a look at his life. THe curator of natural history at the Portsmouth Museum provided us with an insight into this ‘West Sussex naturalist’ when he wrote about him in 1974. Henry, pictured right, was a self-taught natural historian and botanist who lived for 30 years in Bognor recording and collecting plants and wildlife around West Sussex. He was the eldest child of a Belgian, Jean Henri Guermonprez, and an English wife, Charlotte Sarah. Henry was an Associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1880. Unfortunately, there appears to be no evidence he practised this profession. It would appear Henry took it upon himself to care for his parents, who were in ill-health, and survived on a private income. THe family lived in Chelsea and visited Bognor several times, finally moving here permanently around 1892. THeir first home was in a terraced house in Albert Road. Following the death of his father, he moved to the larger premises of ‘Dalkeith’ in the same road, and where today the properties can still be viewed. By August, 1897, Henry married Clara Sophia Phelps although little is known of her.
Henry Guermonprez had been interested in natural history, but not until his arrival in Bognor did it become the passion that we learn of today. His initial collection contained a small amount of material from around the Chelsea area in the 1880s and 90s. Upon his arrival in West Sussex, he really started to explore and collect material, all of which was very well documented and he also made it readily available to others. He was well known as a skilled taxidermist and his work as a botanist was mentioned within Flora of Sussex. Henry was also involved in the discovery of the remains of a 13th century chapel at Manor Farm, Nyetimber – now Barton Manor, which has been converted into accommodation. He was also appointed editor of the Selbourne Notes, a regular weekly article in the West Sussex Gazette, this task was ultimately taken over by Martin Venables. I was also interested to read he was involved in the finding of 90 Bronze Age axes or palstaves, within the Marshall Avenue area. A paper that he wrote on this find was published in the Sussex Archaeological Collections soon after his death. As you would imagine from a man who carefully catalogued his collection, and looked after his parents to conserve cost, he also did
Guermonprez was well known as a skilled taxidermist
de his home f The blue plaque outsi
f Barton Manor in Pagham
not like waste and he used whatever materials were to hand - postcards and old letters - to make boxes for his collection. He would also collect drift cork from the beach to enable him to mount his stuffed birds on natural material. He was very much a loner, but would always encourage young naturalists. His work and collections are not as well known as they perhaps should be. THis was due in part to the nature of the man – quiet, unassuming and ‘living a retiring life.’ He also did not have many papers published, which would have ensured that his collection would have been more widely known. On his death, the West Sussex Gazette of December 25, 1924, said of him “the desire of the genuine student to make plain and to share unselfishly with all who sought them, the stores of patiently hoarded knowledge he undoubtedly possessed,” as one of his “most characteristic of his personal attributes.” THe report continued that he "lived a retired life". For a man so interested in his subject, he apparently took no part in the activities of national societies, which were beginning to flourish in what was becoming known as the ‘heyday of the amateur naturalist'. To assist others, he did publish a number of papers for the scientific periodicals, but his correspondence appeared to deal only with matters relevant to the subject in hand. After his death, his collection remained at ‘Dalkeith’ under the ownership of his family, until February 5, 1943, when a bomb fell in Albert Road near the house, causing structural damage and endangering his irreplaceable collection. THe group leader of the Civil Defence Service was on duty, and knowing where the collection was held he arranged for its temporary housing – this was Martin Venables. In 1944, West Sussex County Council accepted the gift from the Guermonprez family of a gift of the collection,
f Henry Guermonprez under the guidance of the curator of the Lyon Street Museum, Mr Venables. In December, a reader wrote to the Bognor Regis Post saying, “It is with great interest that I see that Mr H Guermonprez has offered the contents of his late father’s museum to the town". THe writer continued to explain the contents of this museum, as a “fine collection, illustrating the natural history of this part of Sussex in all its aspects". Much of his collection was housed in the museum in Lyon Street before its final move in 1970, to Chichester Road in Bognor Regis. While searching the internet for information I came across a paper written by Martin Venables in 1939 about ‘Picking Mine’ apparently an old Bognor industry. Martin recalls Henry: "His enthusiasm was most infectious, his zeal and industry reflected in his enormous collection". He then recalls that it was from Henry that he learned about the Bognor industry, which Henry had explained in one of his ‘Selbourne Note’s.’ THe industry depended on certain natural minerals. It was known as ‘Picking Mine,’ being an abbreviation of minerals. THe industry had its hey-day between 1850 and 1870. Apparently, the mineral ‘Bognor’s Copperas,’ was transported by colliers that beached off the coal yard of Mr. Osborn, at the seaward end of Lennox Street. THere is more information on the internet on this. Sadly, I can only remember a small part of the Guermonprez collection when it was displayed in the foyer of the Regis Centre, before its removal to Portsmouth, where much of it remains. I find it astonishing this collection apparently included over 1,800 birds, 85,000 insects, and some 2,000 scientific works on all branches of natural science. I am sure that today it would be very difficult to find and reform this collection, but it would be a superb collection for the town.