Population (millions)............................................................................................................10.3 GDP (US$ billions).................................................................................................................26.7 GDP per capita, PPP$....................................................................................................... 5,016.9 Income group............................................................................................ Lower-middle income Region..................................................................................... Latin America and the Caribbean
Score (0–100) or value (hard data) Rank
Global Innovation Index (out of 142).................................. 30.5 95 Innovation Output Sub-Index...................................................................................28.5 86 Innovation Input Sub-Index......................................................................................32.5 106 Innovation Efficiency Ratio.........................................................................................0.9 37 l Global Innovation Index 2012 (based on GII 2012 framework).................................25.8 114
1 Institutions.....................................................33.0 140 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3
Political environment...........................................................................49.3 89 Political stability*....................................................................................53.8 97 Government effectiveness*.............................................................27.0 92 Press freedom*.........................................................................................67.2 87
1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3
Regulatory environment...................................................................12.5 140 Regulatory quality*...............................................................................30.1 124 Rule of law*................................................................................................20.1 125 Cost of redundancy dismissal, salary weeks.........................82.3 138
1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3
Business environment.........................................................................37.1 139 Ease of starting a business*.............................................................55.9 133 Ease of resolving insolvency*.........................................................41.9 61 Ease of paying taxes*...........................................................................13.4 141
2
Human capital & research...........................26.7 90
2.1 Education....................................................................................................55.4 62 2.1.1 Current expenditure on education, % GNI...............................7.2 10 l 2.1.2 Public expenditure/pupil, % GDP/cap......................................17.9 69 2.1.3 School life expectancy, years..........................................................13.5 66 2.1.4 PISA scales in reading, maths, & science...................................n/a n/a 2.1.5 Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary.......................................................18.2 90 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4
Tertiary education..................................................................................23.2 89 Tertiary enrolment, % gross.............................................................38.6 64 Graduates in science & engineering, %.....................................n/a n/a Tertiary inbound mobility, %.............................................................n/a n/a Gross tertiary outbound enrolment, %.......................................1.0 79
2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3
Research & development (R&D)......................................................1.6 105 Researchers, headcounts/mn pop...........................................199.2 78 Gross expenditure on R&D, % GDP................................................0.2 88 QS university ranking, average score top 3*............................0.0 68
3 Infrastructure................................................25.2 98 3.1 Information & communication technologies (ICTs).........25.9 94 3.1.1 ICT access*..................................................................................................32.3 101 3.1.2 ICT use*...........................................................................................................9.0 100 3.1.3 Government’s online service*........................................................41.2 93 3.1.4 E-participation*.......................................................................................21.1 64 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4
General infrastructure..........................................................................20.6 123 Electricity output, kWh/cap..........................................................693.3 102 Electricity consumption, kWh/cap...........................................616.4 104 Logistics performance*......................................................................40.3 91 Gross capital formation, % GDP....................................................19.9 92
3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3
Ecological sustainability.....................................................................29.3 71 GDP/unit of energy use, 2000 PPP$/kg oil eq........................5.9 70 Environmental performance*........................................................54.6 60 ISO 14001 environmental certificates/bn PPP$ GDP.........0.9 63
4
Market sophistication..................................46.3 67
4.1 Credit..............................................................................................................53.8 37 l 4.1.1 Ease of getting credit*........................................................................43.8 110 4.1.2 Domestic credit to private sector, % GDP..............................40.9 79 4.1.3 Microfinance gross loans, % GDP................................................13.5 1 l
4.2 Investment.................................................................................................12.5 137 4.2.1 Ease of protecting investors*..........................................................41.9 116 4.2.2 Market capitalization, % GDP.........................................................17.2 77 4.2.3 Total value of stocks traded, % GDP..............................................0.1 101 4.2.4 Venture capital deals/tr PPP$ GDP.................................................0.0 74 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3
Trade & competition............................................................................72.6 97 Applied tariff rate, weighted mean, %.........................................5.4 84 Non-agricultural mkt access weighted tariff, %.....................0.0 11 l Intensity of local competition†.....................................................45.1 130
5
Business sophistication...............................31.3 72
5.1 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.1.5 5.1.6
Knowledge workers..............................................................................41.0 74 Knowledge-intensive employment, %.....................................14.3 85 Firms offering formal training, % firms.....................................57.1 17 l R&D performed by business, % GDP...........................................n/a n/a R&D financed by business, %............................................................0.5 84 GMAT mean score...............................................................................501.1 74 GMAT test takers/mn pop. 20–34................................................29.2 103
5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5
Innovation linkages..............................................................................28.8 56 University/industry research collaboration†.........................39.1 86 State of cluster development†......................................................40.1 85 R&D financed by abroad, %.............................................................18.6 17 l JV–strategic alliance deals/tr PPP$ GDP.....................................0.0 82 Patent families filed in 3+ offices/bn PPP$ GDP..................n/a n/a
5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4
Knowledge absorption.......................................................................24.0 87 Royalty & license fees payments, % service imports..........1.3 73 High-tech imports less re-imports, %.......................................10.1 48 l Comm., computer & info. services imports, %........................3.7 73 FDI net inflows, % GDP..........................................................................3.6 65
6
Knowledge & technology outputs............21.9 91
6.1 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 6.1.5
Knowledge creation................................................................................5.5 102 Domestic resident patent ap/bn PPP$ GDP...........................n/a n/a PCT resident patent ap/bn PPP$ GDP........................................n/a n/a Domestic res utility model ap/bn PPP$ GDP.........................n/a n/a Scientific & technical articles/bn PPP$ GDP.............................3.1 122 Citable documents H index.............................................................57.0 94
6.2 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.2.4 6.2.5
Knowledge impact................................................................................26.9 95 Growth rate of PPP$ GDP/worker, %............................................2.7 43 l New businesses/th pop. 15–64........................................................0.5 86 Computer software spending, % GDP.........................................0.2 63 ISO 9001 quality certificates/bn PPP$ GDP..............................3.5 78 High- & medium-high-tech manufactures, %.......................n/a n/a
6.3 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 6.3.4
Knowledge diffusion............................................................................25.2 73 Royalty & license fees receipts, % service exports...............0.9 39 l High-tech exports less re-exports, %...........................................0.5 89 Comm., computer & info. services exports, %.....................11.1 34 l FDI net outflows, % GDP......................................................................0.0 108
7
Creative outputs...........................................35.0 83
7.1 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.1.3 7.1.4
Intangible assets.....................................................................................43.1 71 Domestic res trademark reg/bn PPP$ GDP.............................n/a n/a Madrid trademark registrations/bn PPP$ GDP......................n/a n/a ICT & business model creation†...................................................42.0 125 ICT & organizational model creation†.......................................44.3 98
7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 7.2.5
Creative goods & services.................................................................34.9 67 Audio-visual & related services exports, %...............................0.2 40 National feature films/mn pop. 15–69........................................4.2 34 l Paid-for dailies, circulation, % pop. 15–69.................................2.6 103 Printing & publishing manufactures, %.....................................n/a n/a Creative goods exports, %...................................................................0.6 64
7.3 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 7.3.4
Online creativity......................................................................................19.0 99 Generic top-level domains (TLDs)/th pop. 15–69................3.9 69 Country-code TLDs/th pop. 15–69.............................................11.4 97 Wikipedia monthly edits/mn pop. 15–69............................394.8 95 Video uploads on YouTube/pop. 15–69..................................58.4 100
Note: l indicates a strength; a weakness; * an index; † a survey question.
I: Country/Economy Profiles
Key indicators
145
THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2013
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)