I: Country/Economy Profiles
140
Barbados Key indicators Population (millions)..............................................................................................................0.3 GDP (US$ billions)...................................................................................................................4.5 GDP per capita, PPP$..................................................................................................... 25,509.6 Income group...........................................................................................................High income Region..................................................................................... Latin America and the Caribbean
Score (0–100) or value (hard data) Rank
Global Innovation Index (out of 142).................................. 40.5 47 Innovation Output Sub-Index...................................................................................34.3 49 Innovation Input Sub-Index......................................................................................46.7 42 Innovation Efficiency Ratio.........................................................................................0.7 91 Global Innovation Index 2012 (based on GII 2012 framework).................................. n/a n/a
1 Institutions.....................................................79.3 22 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3
Political environment...........................................................................88.2 12 l Political stability*....................................................................................97.9 5 l Government effectiveness*.............................................................78.6 19 Press freedom*...........................................................................................n/a n/a
1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3
Regulatory environment...................................................................77.1 40 Regulatory quality*...............................................................................65.5 44 Rule of law*................................................................................................75.1 28 Cost of redundancy dismissal, salary weeks.........................16.0 77
1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3
Business environment.........................................................................72.5 38 Ease of starting a business*.............................................................83.1 71 Ease of resolving insolvency*.........................................................69.3 26 Ease of paying taxes*...........................................................................65.0 89
2
Human capital & research...........................40.1 38
2.1 Education....................................................................................................71.2 11 l 2.1.1 Current expenditure on education, % GNI...............................7.2 9 l 2.1.2 Public expenditure/pupil, % GDP/cap......................................31.7 5 l 2.1.3 School life expectancy, years..........................................................16.6 13 l 2.1.4 PISA scales in reading, maths, & science...................................n/a n/a 2.1.5 Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary.......................................................14.6 66 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4
Tertiary education..................................................................................49.2 18 Tertiary enrolment, % gross.............................................................61.8 32 Graduates in science & engineering, %...................................15.0 80 Tertiary inbound mobility, %...........................................................13.8 14 Gross tertiary outbound enrolment, %.......................................6.3 12 l
2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3
Research & development (R&D)......................................................0.0 123 Researchers, headcounts/mn pop................................................n/a n/a Gross expenditure on R&D, % GDP...............................................n/a n/a QS university ranking, average score top 3*............................0.0 68
3 Infrastructure................................................18.0 131
THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2013
3.1 Information & communication technologies (ICTs).........40.2 59 3.1.1 ICT access*..................................................................................................71.5 27 3.1.2 ICT use*........................................................................................................49.2 27 3.1.3 Government’s online service*........................................................37.3 99 3.1.4 E-participation*..........................................................................................2.6 116 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4
General infrastructure..........................................................................11.9 141 Electricity output, kWh/cap...............................................................n/a n/a Electricity consumption, kWh/cap................................................n/a n/a Logistics performance*........................................................................n/a n/a Gross capital formation, % GDP....................................................16.3 122
3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3
Ecological sustainability........................................................................2.1 130 GDP/unit of energy use, 2000 PPP$/kg oil eq.......................n/a n/a Environmental performance*..........................................................n/a n/a ISO 14001 environmental certificates/bn PPP$ GDP.........0.3 96
4
Market sophistication..................................46.1 69
4.1 Credit..............................................................................................................52.2 40 4.1.1 Ease of getting credit*........................................................................56.3 80 4.1.2 Domestic credit to private sector, % GDP...........................102.9 31 4.1.3 Microfinance gross loans, % GDP..................................................n/a n/a
4.2 Investment.................................................................................................23.0 85 4.2.1 Ease of protecting investors*..........................................................30.4 136 4.2.2 Market capitalization, % GDP......................................................124.1 6 l 4.2.3 Total value of stocks traded, % GDP..............................................3.3 58 4.2.4 Venture capital deals/tr PPP$ GDP.................................................0.0 74 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3
Trade & competition............................................................................63.0 119 Applied tariff rate, weighted mean, %......................................14.8 137 Non-agricultural mkt access weighted tariff, %.....................0.0 15 l Intensity of local competition†.....................................................64.3 70
5
Business sophistication...............................49.9 15 l
5.1 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.1.5 5.1.6
Knowledge workers..............................................................................64.4 22 Knowledge-intensive employment, %.....................................30.3 32 Firms offering formal training, % firms.......................................n/a n/a R&D performed by business, % GDP...........................................n/a n/a R&D financed by business, %...........................................................n/a n/a GMAT mean score...............................................................................511.0 68 GMAT test takers/mn pop. 20–34.............................................339.5 15 l
5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5
Innovation linkages..............................................................................48.7 16 University/industry research collaboration†.........................54.6 36 State of cluster development†......................................................47.0 57 R&D financed by abroad, %...............................................................n/a n/a JV–strategic alliance deals/tr PPP$ GDP.....................................0.0 114 Patent families filed in 3+ offices/bn PPP$ GDP...................4.8 5 l
5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4
Knowledge absorption.......................................................................36.8 31 Royalty & license fees payments, % service imports..........2.6 56 High-tech imports less re-imports, %.........................................n/a n/a Comm., computer & info. services imports, %........................5.3 54 FDI net inflows, % GDP..........................................................................9.1 16
6
Knowledge & technology outputs............30.5 47
6.1 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 6.1.5
Knowledge creation.............................................................................29.9 33 Domestic resident patent ap/bn PPP$ GDP............................0.1 99 PCT resident patent ap/bn PPP$ GDP......................................23.6 1 l Domestic res utility model ap/bn PPP$ GDP.........................n/a n/a Scientific & technical articles/bn PPP$ GDP.............................9.7 75 Citable documents H index.............................................................46.0 112
6.2 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.2.4 6.2.5
Knowledge impact................................................................................38.3 50 Growth rate of PPP$ GDP/worker, %............................................1.5 74 New businesses/th pop. 15–64.......................................................n/a n/a Computer software spending, % GDP........................................n/a n/a ISO 9001 quality certificates/bn PPP$ GDP..............................6.1 61 High- & medium-high-tech manufactures, %.......................n/a n/a
6.3 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 6.3.4
Knowledge diffusion............................................................................23.0 88 Royalty & license fees receipts, % service exports...............0.2 70 High-tech exports less re-exports, %..........................................n/a n/a Comm., computer & info. services exports, %........................2.3 113 FDI net outflows, % GDP......................................................................8.3 7 l
7
Creative outputs...........................................38.0 67
7.1 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.1.3 7.1.4
Intangible assets.....................................................................................38.4 92 Domestic res trademark reg/bn PPP$ GDP..............................3.2 89 Madrid trademark registrations/bn PPP$ GDP......................n/a n/a ICT & business model creation†...................................................59.2 61 ICT & organizational model creation†.......................................54.1 62
7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 7.2.5
Creative goods & services.................................................................43.5 42 Audio-visual & related services exports, %..............................n/a n/a National feature films/mn pop. 15–69.......................................n/a n/a Paid-for dailies, circulation, % pop. 15–69..............................23.8 18 Printing & publishing manufactures, %.....................................n/a n/a Creative goods exports, %..................................................................n/a n/a
7.3 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 7.3.4
Online creativity......................................................................................32.0 54 Generic top-level domains (TLDs)/th pop. 15–69.............14.2 40 Country-code TLDs/th pop. 15–69.............................................21.2 74 Wikipedia monthly edits/mn pop. 15–69........................ 1,613.7 57 Video uploads on YouTube/pop. 15–69..................................83.1 25
Note: l indicates a strength; a weakness; * an index; † a survey question.