Book 1 Polar English Level A-1

Speak English with Polar English

by J.K. Proudlock v 2.25 polarenglish@outlook.com

Polar English Book 1 of 6 v.2.1 Copyright © March - 2013 by J. K. Proudlock All rights reserved. v.2.26 updated June 6, 2016

Table of Contents

1 - Numbers: Cardinal, Ordinal, Alphabet 1 Table of Cardinal Numbers .................. 1 Ordinal Numbers .................................. 3 The Alphabet ........................................ 4 2 - Articles A, An, The, I need, I want ..... 5 Animals ( A, An ) ................................ 6 Architecture ( The ) .............................. 7 Rules for when to use “A, An or The” .. 8 I need, I want: ....................................... 9 3 - This – That ........................................ 10 4 - These – Those ................................... 14 5 - Plurals ............................................... 16 6 - There is ............................................. 23 7 - There are ........................................... 26 8 - R E V I E W ..................................... 30 9 - Pronouns - Verb To Be .................... 34 10 - Occupations....................................... 38 11 - Tasks ................................................. 42 12 - Sports ................................................ 46 13 - When were you Born? ....................... 50 14 - R E V I E W ..................................... 55 15 - Greetings ........................................... 58 16 - The Brown Family ............................ 61 17 - Whose . . . ? ....................................... 64 18 - Clothes .............................................. 68 19 - Do - Don't........................................ 71 20 - R E V I E W ..................................... 76 21 - Additional Information ...................... 80 22 - Notes ................................................. 81

Polar English

1 - Numbers: Cardinal, Ordinal and the Alphabet Lesson 1 - 1st Lesson Table of Cardinal Numbers Cardinal numbers from 1 through 1,000,000,000 1 One

11 Eleven

21 Twenty-one

31 Thirty-one

2 Two

12 Twelve

22 Twenty-two

40 Forty

3 Three

13 Thirteen

23 Twenty-three

50 Fifty

4 Four

14 Fourteen

24 Twenty-four

60 Sixty

5 Five

15 Fifteen

25 Twenty-five

70 Seventy

6 Six

16 Sixteen

26 Twenty-six

80 Eighty

7 Seven

17 Seventeen

27 Twenty-seven

90 Ninety

8 Eight

18 Eighteen

28 Twenty-eight

100 a/one Hundred

9 Nine

19 Nineteen

29 Twenty-nine

1,000 a/one Thousand

10 Ten

20 Twenty

30 Thirty

1,000,000 a/one Million

Separation between hundreds and tens Hundreds and tens are usually separated by “and” (in American English “and” is not necessary) 105

One Hundred and five

2,150 Two Thousand one hundred and fifty 2,001 Two Thousand and one

Hundreds Use 100 always with “a” or “one”.

100 – a hundred or one hundred “a” can only stand at the beginning of a number 100 – a hundred / one hundred 2,100 – two thousand one hundred

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Thousands and Millions Use 1,000 and 1,000,000 always with “a” or “one”.

1,000 – a thousand / one thousand Use commas as a separator 57,873,201 The Number 1,000,000,000 In English, this number is a billion Exercise 1: Write in words the numbers from One to Twenty ONE

TWENTY Exercise 2: Write in the missing letters and practice the spelling. Ask your teacher for help if you are having difficulties.

T__ __ N T Y

S __ __ __ __ __ N

F __ F T __ __ __

E __ __ __ __ N

T __ __ __ __

__ __ __ H __ Y

__ __ X __ __

__ __ F __ __

__ __ __ __ N

__ __ __ __ __ E

Exercise 3: Write the following numbers in words.

1,300 _____________________________________________________________ 3,249 _____________________________________________________________ 1,000 _____________________________________________________________

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Ordinal Numbers 1st FIRST

6th SIXTH

11th ELEVENTH

16th SIXTEENTH

2nd SECOND

7th SEVENTH

12th TWELFTH

17th SEVENTEENTH

3rd THIRD

8th EIGHTH

13th THIRTEENTH

18th EIGHTEENTH

4th FOURTH

9th NINTH

14th FOURTEENTH 19th NINETEENTH

5th FIFTH

10th TENTH

15th FIFTEENTH

20th TWENTIETH

When using ordinal numbers larger than twentieth, only the last number will be in the ordinal format, the first part of the number will be in cardinal format, examples: 41st Forty-first

75th Seventy-fifth

52nd Fifty-second

129th One hundred and twenty-ninth

63rd Sixty-third

201st Two hundred and first

For 100th, 1,000th, 1,000,000th in words all that is added is “th” at the end, One hundredth, One thousandth, One millionth.

Exercise 1: Write in words the following ordinal numbers.

3rd ___________________________

102nd _________________________

5th ___________________________

203rd _________________________

11th __________________________

101st _________________________

14th __________________________

324th _________________________

19th __________________________

409th _________________________

20th __________________________

600th _________________________

Exercise 2: Write in number format the following ordinal numbers.

One hundred and third ______________ Two hundred and first _______________ Three hundred and forty third _________

Good Work!

Money: $103.49

One Hundred and three dollars and forty-nine cents.

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The Alphabet

Capital and small letters

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2 - Articles A – An, The, I need, I want Lesson 2 - 2nd Lesson

Food ( A – An )

___ Ice Cream Cone

____ Carrot

____ Cookie

____ Eggplant

___ Cucumber

____ Avocado

____ Sausage

____ Strawberry

___ Potatoe / Potato

____ Banana

____ Garlic

____ Orange

____ Cherry

____ Lollipop

____ Onion

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Animals ( A – An )

_____ Cat

____ Whale

____ Horse

____ Eagle

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____ Fish

____ Snail

____ Dog

____ Snake

____ Seal

____ Octopus

____ Butterfly

____ Parrot

____ Cow

____ Dove

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Architecture ( The )

____ House

____ Church

____ Apartment

____ Office Building

____ School

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Here are the Rules for when to use “A, An or The”: A = indefinite article (not a specific object, one of a number of the same objects). It is only used with words beginning with consonants. 

She has a cat.



I work in a factory.



Do you have a pen?

An = indefinite article (not a specific object, one of a number of the same objects). It is only used with words beginning with vowels. 

May I have an apple?



He is an English teacher.



That is an ice cream cone.

The = definite article (a specific object that both the person speaking and the listener know). 

The car over there is fast.



The teacher is very good.



The bridge is very far from here.

The first time you speak of something, use “a or an”, the next time you repeat that object use “the”. 

I live in a house. The house is very old and has 3 bedrooms.



Do you have an apple? The apples here are very sweet.



I have a car. The car is very old, but it always gets me where I am going.

These are the rules, however, with everything in English, there are exceptions.

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I need, I want: You have now learned a few words in English. You have learned the rules for “a, an and the”. Now it is time to learn how to use them for basic needs and wants. This will give you practical and basic communication English for your needs. Use your dictionary to find other words in English and try to make basic sentences. Your teacher will work with you on this exercise. If this is your first time learning English do not try to make big sentences. Basic works, for now, remember baby steps at first.

Examples: 

I want a car.



I need a taxi.



I want a glass of water.

Student Practice and homework: Give 5 examples of things you need and things you want. Remember basic works best for now.

I need: 1. ____________________________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________________________ 3. ____________________________________________________________________ 4. ____________________________________________________________________ 5. ____________________________________________________________________

I want: 6. ____________________________________________________________________ 7. ____________________________________________________________________ 8. ____________________________________________________________________ 9. ____________________________________________________________________ 10. ____________________________________________________________________

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3 - This – That Lesson 3 - 3rdLesson

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4 - These – Those Lesson 4 - 4th Lesson

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Know

Saber

Knew

Sabia

Known

Conocido

Knee

Rodilla

Knight

Caballero

Kneel

Arrodillarse

Knowledge

Conocimiento

Knapsack

Mochila

Knead

Amasar

Knickers

Bragas

Knit

Tejer

Knob

Perilla

Knock

Tocar

Knoll

Loma

Knot

Nudo

Knuckle

Nudillo

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5 - Plurals Lesson 5 - 5th Lesson

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Exceptions: Door(s), Roof(s)

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Part six.

Make the plural of the following words.

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Box _________________

Egg ___________________

Brush _______________

Fish ___________________

Building _____________

House _________________

Bull _________________

Letter __________________

Butterfly _____________

Man ___________________

Carrot _______________

Number ________________

Cherry ______________

Pencil __________________

Child _______________

Potato __________________

Church _____________

School-bag _____________

City ________________

Tooth __________________

Clock _______________

Turkey _________________

Cookie ______________

Watch __________________

Wolf ________________

Deer ___________________

Plum _______________

Desk ___________________

Bed ________________

Roof ___________________

Wife ________________

Knife ___________________

Knight ______________

Night ___________________

Sheep ______________

Door ___________________

Mouse ______________

Foot ___________________

Person ______________

Strawberry ______________

Woman _____________

Trout ___________________

Geese ______________

Six _____________________

Seven ______________

Fox ____________________

Polar English

6 - There is

Above

below /

Beside

Note: Close the door, Cerrar la puerta.

Close to the door. Cerca de la puerta.

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Part two.

There are many things in this picture.

Part three.

Answer the questions according to the picture.

Is there a plant near the armchair?

__________________________________

Is there a lamp on the table?

__________________________________

Is there an armchair between the lamp and the plant? __________________________________________________________________ Where is the dog?

__________________________________

Is there a telephone behind the lamp? ___________________________________ Is there a lamp in front of the telephone? __________________________________ Is there a dog under the carpet?

___________________________________

Is there a picture on the wall?

___________________________________

Is the carpet on the chair?

___________________________________

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Part Four.

Answer the following questions.

Is there a teacher in the classroom?

Yes, there is a teacher in the classroom.

Where is the teacher?

The teacher is behind the board.

Is there a door in the classroom?

__________________________________

Where is the door?

__________________________________

Is there a clock in the classroom?

__________________________________

Where is the clock?

__________________________________

Is there a window in the classroom?

__________________________________

Where is the window?

__________________________________

Is there a waste-basket in the classroom? ________________________________ Where is the waste-basket?

__________________________________

Is there a board in the classroom?

__________________________________

Where is the board?

__________________________________

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7 - There are

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Polar English Part two. e.g.:

Answer the following questions with affirmative sentences.

Are there animals in the zoo?

Yes, there are. / Yes, there are animals in the zoo.

Are there stars in the sky? _____________________________________________ Are there colours in the rainbow? ________________________________________ Are there clouds in the sky? ____________________________________________ Are there letters in the alphabet? ________________________________________ Are there students in the school? ________________________________________ Are there pictures in this book? _________________________________________ Are there cars on the street? ___________________________________________ Are there doors in your house? _________________________________________

Part three. Answer the following questions with negative sentences. e.g.:

Are there stars in the zoo?

No, there are not. / No, there are not stars in the zoo.

Are there clocks in the sky? ____________________________________________ Are there whales in the apartment? ______________________________________ Are there cherries in the rainbow? _______________________________________ Are there knives on the table? __________________________________________ Are there armchairs in the classroom? ___________________________________ Are there bulls in the sky? _____________________________________________ Are there eagles in the house? _________________________________________ Are there stars in your eyes? ___________________________________________

Part four.

Answer the following questions with complete sentences.

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Where are the whales?

The whales are in the sea.

Where are the clouds? ________________________________________________ Where are the students? ______________________________________________ Where are the stars? _________________________________________________ Where are the books? ________________________________________________ Where are the clocks? ________________________________________________ Where are the children? ______________________________________________ Where are the cars? _________________________________________________ Where are the dolphins? ______________________________________________ Part five.

Answer the following questions.

What colour is a sweet pepper? _________________________________________ What colour is a carrot? _______________________________________________ What colour is a panda? ______________________________________________ What colour are the grapes? ___________________________________________ What colour are the strawberries? _______________________________________ What colour are the cucumbers? _______________________________________

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Polar English Part six.

Make questions from the following pictures.

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8-

REVIEW

Lesson One – Lesson Seven

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REVIEW Write in words the cardinal numbers from 9 – 14.

_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Write in words the ordinal numbers from 1 – 7. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Use 'a' or 'an'. ___ Mushroom

___ egg

___ Potato

___ Cookie

___ Man

___ Eagle

___ Elephant

___ City

___ Ice Cream

___ Octopus

___ Child

___ Kiwi fruit

Write the cardinal numbers from 25 – 35. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Write in words the following numbers.

39 ________________

78 ___________________

54 ________________

125 _____________________

146 _______________

197 _____________________

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Write the names of the pictures below.

_______________

___ ___________

REVIEW

_______________

_______________

________________

___________

_______________

________________

___________

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Answer the following questions.

What is this?

REVIEW

_________________________________

What is that? ___________________________________

What are these?

____________________________

What are those? __________________________________ Are there stars in the sky? ___________________________________ Where are the clouds? ______________________________________ Where is the clock? ________________________________________ Where is the blackboard? ___________________________________ What is your Mother’s name? ________________________________ What colour are your shoes? ________________________________ What is your teacher wearing today? _________________________

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9 - Pronouns - Verb To Be

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10 - Occupations

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Part two.

Answer the following questions with affirmative answers.

e.g.: Is the civil engineer carrying drafts? Yes, he is. / Yes, he is carrying drafts.

Is the Doctor checking the medicine? ________________________ Is the teacher teaching the student? _________________________ Is the accountant keeping the cash book? ____________________ Is the journalist broadcasting the news? ______________________ Is the nurse preparing the medicine? _________________________ Is the optician making an eye exam? _________________________ Is the pediatrician examining a child? _______________________

Part three. Answer the following questions with negative answers. e.g. Is the Dentist taking care of the animal? No, he is not. / No he is not taking care of the animals.

Is the astronomer making an eye exam? ______________________ Is the teacher keeping order in the city? ______________________ Is the veterinarian checking the medicine? ____________________ Is the cop broadcasting the news on TV? _____________________ Is the journalist examining a child? __________________________ Is the pediatrician looking at the stars? ______________________ Is the civil engineer taking care of teeth? ______________________

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Part four.

Answer the following wh-questions.

e.g. What is the pediatrician doing? He is examining a child.

E X

What is the Dentist doing? ________________________________________________ Who is broadcasting the news? ________________________________________________ What is the policeman doing?

E

________________________________________________ Who is teaching the students? ________________________________________________

R

What is the accountant doing? ________________________________________________

C

Who is looking at the stars? ________________________________________________ What is the nurse doing?

I

________________________________________________ Who is making an eye exam?

S

________________________________________________ What is the veterinarian doing? ________________________________________________

E S

Who is carrying drafts? ________________________________________________ What are you doing now? ________________________________________________ 41

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11 - Tasks

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Part two.

Answer the following questions with affirmative sentences.

e.g.: Is the sweeper sweeping the floor? Yes, he is sweeping the floor.

Are the waitress and waiter serving? _________________________ Is the chef cooking? _______________________________________ Is the hairdresser making a hairdo? __________________________ Is the fireman putting out the fire? ___________________________ Is the cashier receiving money? _____________________________ Is the builder building a house? _____________________________ Is the bellboy carrying luggage? _____________________________

Part three.

Answer the following questions with negative answers.

e.g.: Is the mail-man receiving money? No, he is delivering letters.

Is the plumber fixing the wires? _____________________________ Is the carpenter shaving a man now? _________________________ Is the electrician painting the walls? __________________________ Is the barber fixing the water pipe? ___________________________ Is the painter cooking now? ________________________________ Is the sweeper teaching the student? _________________________ Are you speaking Hebrew? _________________________________

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Part four. Answer the following wh-questions. e.g.: When is the chef cooking?

He is cooking at this moment.

What is the mail-man delivering? __________________________________________________ Who is putting out the fire? ___________________________________________________ When is the carpenter working? ___________________________________________________ What is your teacher doing now? ___________________________________________________ Who is asking you questions? ___________________________________________________ What are you answering now? ___________________________________________________ When are you coming to class? ___________________________________________________ What is the cashier receiving at the bank? ___________________________________________________ Who is delivering letters? ___________________________________________________ Who is fixing the wires? ___________________________________________________ What are you doing now? ___________________________________________________

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12 - Sports

The athlete can run around the track.

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Part two.

Answer the following questions with affirmative sentences.

e.g.: Can a baseball player catch a ball? Yes, he can. / Yes, he can catch a ball.

Can the ballerina dance ballet? __________________________________ Can an athlete run around the track? _____________________________ Can a boxer fight in the ring? ___________________________________ Can a fisherman catch a fish? ___________________________________ Can you speak English with your teacher? ________________________ Can you complete the exercises in the book? ______________________ Can you answer the questions? _________________________________

Part three.

Answer the following questions with negative sentences.

e.g.: Can the skater skate on the water? No, he cannot. He cannot skate on the water.

Can the Doctor cure animals? ___________________________________ Can a tennis player play in the stadium? __________________________ Can a gymnast do her routine on ice? _____________________________ Can the soccer player play with a racket? __________________________ Can you speak Hebrew with your teacher? _________________________ Can you write in your book with a marker? _________________________ Can you go to the movies right now? ______________________________

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13 - When were you born?

1879

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14 - Review

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15 - Greetings

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16 - The Brown Family

Step Family . . . . . – in – law family

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Part Two Answer the following questions.

What is your father's name? __________________________________________ What is your mother's name? __________________________________________ How many people are there in your family? _______________________________ What is your brother's name? / What are your brothers' names? _______________ __________________________________________________________________ What is your sister's name? /What are your sisters' names? __________________ __________________________________________________________________ What are your father's parents’ names? ___________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ What are your mother's parents’ names? __________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Who is your favourite uncle? ___________________________________________ Who is your favourite cousin? __________________________________________ What is your wife's name? / What is your husband's name? __________________ _________________________________________________________________ What are your nephews' names? / What are your nieces’ names? ______________ __________________________________________________________________

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Part Three.

Follow the example

How old are you?

I am ______________ years old.

How old is your father? _______________________________________________ How old is your mother? ______________________________________________ How old is your aunt and uncle? ________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ How old is your grandmother? _________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ How old is your favourite cousin? _______________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ How old were you last year? ___________________________________________ How old was your best friend last year? __________________________________ How old is your eldest brother / sister? ___________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

How old are the twins? _______________________________________________

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17 - Whose . . . ?

It is your food

It is his food

It is her food

It is its food

It is our food

It is your food It is their food

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18 - Clothes

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19 - Do - Don't

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_______________________________________________________________________________

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20 - Review

Lesson Fifteen – Lesson Nineteen

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21 - Additional Information I

my

mine

am

was

have/had

You

your

yours

are

were

have/had

He

his

his

is

was

has/had

She

her

hers

is

was

has/had

It

its

its

is

was

has/had

We

our

ours

are

were

have/had

You

your

yours

are

were

have/had

They

their

theirs

are

were

have/had

I

go

run/ran

want

need

sleep

You

go

run/ran

want

need

sleep

He

goes

runs/ran wants

needs

sleeps

She

goes

runs/ran wants

needs

sleeps

It

goes

runs/ran wants

needs

sleeps

We

go

run/ran

want

need

sleep

You

go

run/ran

want

need

sleep

They

go

run/ran

want

need

sleep

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22 - Notes

Possessive apostrophes and where do they go?

You can use it when things are left out (contractions), but it’s the possessiveness that causes the most trouble.

The apostrophe is all about making a statement of ownership. You belong to me. This belongs to that. In grammar speak, the apostrophe shows the possessive of nouns.

There are four ways to use the apostrophe to show ownership or belonging.

1. Add apostrophe s to the end of a singular noun that does not end in s:  the manager’s room 2. Add apostrophe s to the end of a singular noun, even if it ends in s (this practice may vary in some places):  Doris’s scarf 3. Add apostrophe s to the end of a plural noun that doesn’t end in s  the children’s bag 4. If the plural noun ends in s, just add the apostrophe  my friends’ car Notice that possessive pronouns like yours, his, hers, ours, its and theirs are not followed by the apostrophe.

Finally, if you want to play around with it, here is a list of four phrases illustrating how the apostrophe can literally change the meaning of sentences.    

My My My My

sister’s sisters’ sisters’ sister’s

friend’s friends’ friend’s friends’

investments investments investments investments

(I (I (I (I

have have have have

one sister and she has one friend.) many sisters and they have many friends.) many sisters and they have one friend.) one sister and she has many friends.)

Use this area for notes and questions.

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