Rennaissance in rome

Renaissance ďƒ˜The word "Renaissance" in itself is defined as a "rebirth "or a "reconstruction". ďƒ˜The transitional movement in Europe, marked by the revival of classical learning and art in Italy in the 15th century, and the similar revival following in other countries.

Renaissance Urbanism  existence of large number of towns  most urban development was expansion in part or redevelopments.  Building/towns of fortification  creation of open spaces and related streets  Construction of new main street system and growth axes  the addition of extensive new districts, normally for residential purposes

Characteristics  Grid iron was employed in development plans  axial symmetry—to the extent that two identical churches were built in Piazza del Popolo in Rome.  great importance was attached to the closing of vistas by the careful placing of monumental buildings, obelisks or statues at the end of long streets.  The renaissance planners had three components in such developments— • the primary straight street • grid iron based districts • enclosed spaces in the forms of squares, piazzas and places.

Fortified Town in Europe

• Naarden is a municipality and a town in the province of North Holland in the Netherlands • shaped in the form of a star. • fortification is complete with fortified walls and a moat

Fortified Town in Europe

• Glaciers

Moat

Wall Fortification

Vitruvius Plan • Octagonal town perimeter with defensive towers.

• The eight streets do not lead to gates but to the towers.

• The gate didn’t give direct access to the town centre.

• The main forum was to be at the centre enclosed with an octagonal space with eight secondary space in the middle of each sectors.

Defensive Tower

Rennaissance ideal cities inspired by Vitruvious  Filarete

• The city shape was formed by two superimposed squares to give a circular perimeter.

• It had 16 radial streets, one of them being the line of aqueduct.

• It has an internal ring road connecting the squares of the town quarters.

• These squares have market and church location function alternatively

Renaissance ideal cities inspired by Vitruvious  Filaretti • The central square of the city has three separate functions— • the most important one has cathedral and ruler’s palace; • the two lesser ones were for market and merchants.

Renaissance ideal cities inspired by Vitruvius  PietroCataneo • The work includes a large number of ideal city plans based on the regular polygon, including some with a separate citadel.

• Other works were published that emphasized defensive ring.

• The ideal city plans didn’t show the layout of dwelling plots. There were only streets and squares, and walls.

Renaissance ideal cities inspired by Vitruvious ďƒ˜ Alberti • First theoretician on city planning of R. submitted Alberti preferred wide and straight streets to enhance majesty and movement of soldiers for important cities. • He also saw advantages of winding medieval streets. These minimized the effects of climatic extreme.

Palma Nova • Palma nova is a beautiful city fortress • It was built by Republic in venice in 1593.

• nine side polygon with a central square of hexagon.

• Three streets lead to gates and three to the bastons.

• There are squares at the end of all these streets • Ideal city plan due to its grid iron pattern and hierarchy of the squares

Piazza Florence Piazza Anunziata • The square had a Church of SantusinaAnunziatain a street axis.

• the open space remained undefined.

• In 1419, Brunelleschi built a foundling hospital with a beautiful arched arcade in front of the hospital. It then set the pattern for the eventual enclosure of the square

Fourth Third Second

First

Piazza • AnunziataIn 1454, Michelozzo designed a one bay entrance porch to the church subsequently into an entrance colonnade running the length of the NW side of the square. • In 1516 a third arcaded side to the square, at the opposite side of the hospital was designed by Sangalloand Agnola

Fourth Third Second

First

Piazza del Popolo • A Gateway to Rome • A symmetrical axial alignment • Twin domed churches • Erected the obelisk at centre(as a landmark)

Piazza of St. Peters

• • • •

Piazza retta: 410’wide & 320’deep Piazza oblique: 650’wide !

At the centre is the obelisk, At both sides of the obelisk are fountains