The Retro Edition

The PLC Armidale College Kaleidoscope

The Retro Issue the retro issue

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We acknowledge that the Anaiwan people are the traditional custodians of the land on which this magazine was created and published. We pay respect to elders past and present. It always was and always will be Aboriginal land.

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letter from the editors We are just going to come right out and say what practically every public figure (or anyone really) has been saying for the last 12 months; what a year it has been! As the first ‘new’ editors of The College Kaleidoscope, being handed the task of creating the very best and most incredibly amazing issue ever, was no easy feat. But we wouldn’t have wanted it any other way.

The Scope was created and established by the ever-talented, hard-working and incredibly creative Thurkka Jeyakumar and Isabelle Taylor. Without these two, we would not have the pleasure to be writing this letter in the first place. Editing the scope has given us a once in a lifetime opportunity to work with some of the most skillful writers, illustrators, photographers and ‘magazine-put-togetherers’ that we could have ever dreamed of. The entire premise of this magazine has been to provide a voice to the student body, and boy have you guys spoken. From articles about poignant social issues to fashion and short stories, as a group, you have shown the diverse interests that are held within our school community.

Props to you guys.

The theme for this Issue is Retro! After serious deliberation and some very important editing of ideas (‘Bare Necessities’ or ‘Conscious’ were some of the worst we came up with) we chose something that we knew would be relevant to everyone. This theme has allowed us to explore both the nitty-gritty of the past, as well as make light of some of the things that are missed most (like platform go-go boots and milk bars). Retro means something different to everyone, and by being able to reflect on the events, trends and views of the past, we are able to comment on our current global situation.

While it has been great to reminisce on the past, we’ll quickly bring you back to the present to say some quick thank you. As we mentioned before, Thurkka and Izzy have been monumental in the creation and handover of this magazine, and we couldn’t be anymore thankful. We also owe a huge debt to Mrs Tier for answering every email with flair, for making those final (and necessary edits) and trusting in our creative process. Finally, to every contributor to The Scope, from our brilliant editorial team to those of you who put your hands up to be heard. It means a lot to us.

Thank you all for making our first issue so memorable, we can’t wait to see where the future takes this magazine.

Pearl and Esther :)

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CONTENTS the Retro Issue

002. letter from the editors in the school 006. looking back on the scope 007. would you rather 008. college constellation news & opinion 010. the generational gap 012. should we cancel cancel culture?

014. the impact of Covid-19 on mental health [trigger warning] arts 016. retro poem 017. war (short story) 018. paperboy (short story) 004

contents

features and human interests 020. women in science 022. 1920 vs. 2020 025. significant women through the decades entertainment 030. retro video game consoles 032. fashion through the decades college quizzes 034. comics 035. college crossword 036. what decade do you from (quiz)

041. meet the team 042. contact us

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looking back on the scope a conversation with Thurkka Jeyakumar and Izzy Taylor INTERVIEW BY PEARL ROGERS Q. Well, guys, it’s been a long past couple of years. What would you rate it out of 10?

A. 6.78.

Q. How did you get through?

A. I don’t know if you can classify what we did as “getting through” but being avid followers of Jojo Siwa definitely helped.

Q. As the creators of the Scope, what are your hopes for the magazine?

A. We hope that it will become bigger than the Times (which, realistically, it probably will). More importantly though, that it always, always provides a unique and uncensored platform for our students and that it doesn’t die out anytime soon.

Q. How did the magazine start?

A. I think it was at like 2:00 in the morning that I (Thurkka) randomly texted Izzy with the idea and so we brought it to Mrs Eichorn and it just took off from there.

Q. What were your inspirations for the Scope?

A. A few professional magazines like the New Yorker and Frankie but also some really cool published student magazines, particularly this one called the UltraViolet. In terms of our management style though, we were going for Miranda Priestley and Abby Lee Miller vibes.

Q. What would your dream issue be about?

A. The movie ‘Shrek’.

Q. Who are better editors: Pearl and Esther or you guys? (the correct answer is Pearl and Esther).

A. Barack Obama.

Q. Okay, real talk, in past editions, who put in more work?

A. BRO, THURKKA 100000%.

Q. What has been your favourite part about creating the College Kaleidoscope?

A. It’s always easy to feel as if your voice isn’t important or worth anything - particularly when we live in the middle of nowhere and aren’t old enough to do a lot of important things like vote. Because of that, I think showing students at PLC that their opinion is super unique and valuable was both our favourite part of creating the Scope and is probably now it’s most important responsibility.

Q. Do you have any final words of wisdom?

A. *cricket noises* 006

in the school

would you rather? a ‘would you rather’ interveiw with some PLC teachers around the campus QUIZ BY ANVITI SINHA

Would you rather have a 50s bouffant or a 70s afro?

Would you rather always be stuck in the 1980s or 1990s?

Mrs Caldwell: “ Easy - the 80s - the best decade Mrs Caldwell: “A 50s bouffant” for music!!!”

Mrs Graham: “A bouffant (not sure I could pull Mrs Graham: “I was born in the 90s so I’ll go this off but I love them!)” with 90s” Mr J: “An afro” Mr J: “The 80s” Mr Minter: “A 70s afro” Mr Minter: “The 90s” Ms Blackburn: “An afro fo’ sho!”

Ms Blackburn: “80s - the FASHION” Ms T: “A 50s bouffant” Ms T: “To be stuck in the 90s” Would you rather have a mullet or a perm?

Mrs Caldwell: “Neither........ a perm!”

Mrs Graham: “A perm” Mr J: “A perm” Mr Minter: “A perm” Ms Blackburn: “The toughest question of them all - a perm, because I’ve always wanted to channel my inner grandma!”

Ms T: “Have a perm”

Would you rather have roller skates as your only form of transportation or a 60s bubble car?

Mrs Caldwell: “ A 60s bubble car” Mrs Graham: “Definitely roller skates” Mr J: “A 60s bubble car” Mr Minter: “A 60s bubble car” Ms Blackburn: “Roller skates - imagine the wind in your hair” Ms T: “A 60s bubble car”

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Would you rather have terrible vision and have to wear a monocle or have perfect vision, but always wear 50s sunglasses?

Mrs Caldwell: “Perfect vision and 50s sunglasses!”

Mrs Graham: “Perfect vision and rock the 50s sunnies” Mr J: “50s sunglasses” Mr Minter: “Perfect vision and 50s sunglasses” Ms Blackburn: “Perfect vision and rock the 50s sunglasses!”

Ms T: “To wear 50s sunglasses” NOTICE: If you see your teachers rocking these looks in the next few weeks, don’t even question it, they look great

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the college constellation a year group horoscope AS PREDICTED BY THE STARS

Year 7- Due to the moon being its 3rd quarter, year seven are going to experience the need to take up the entire hallway when walking between classes. They are also likely to become increasingly more excitable for no apparent reason with the arrival of Uranus in its seventh house.

Year 8- Year eight might be told to ‘tone it down’ during the next month, and are advised to be wary of Saturn in transit which may cause an excessive blocking up of the toasters and loudness in the dining hall

Year 9- With Venus in retrograde, a sense of importance and over-exaggeration will be triggered, which combined with the angular aspect of the moon, will mean that care and consideration must be taken when in conflictual situations.

Year 10- The total eclipse of Mercury will ensure Year 10’s eagerness for the end of stage five, and the excitment of having lockers at the end of the hall, but with the forthcoming full moon, all is not what it seems.

Year 11- An absolute and somewhat overwhelming sense of superiority will be felt due to the summer solstice, (and moving into ‘the fish bowl’) but with guidance from Mars, they must remind themselves that other classes can infact hear through the glass.

Year 12- With Neptune finally leaving the 12th house, year twelve will most definitely feel a sense of relief, but don’t be fooled, Jupiters assention with trials will bring on the stress.

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the generational gap the generation gap and its affect on our future PEARL ROGERS

When you think of retro, you often think of events, concepts and trends of the past. Things that have usually been experienced by our parents and grandparents. These events and ideas -beyond those of clothing and hairdosoften affect a person’s economic, political, social and moral beliefs and interests. Such ideals are what define a generation, and the differentiation of such groups can be seen over time.

Quite often, in the rush to understand a certain generation, harsh generalisations are made.

Known as ‘Traditionalists’, the oldest generation (over 74 years of age) are known for their respectability, frugal nature, and adherence to rules and conformity. The ‘Baby Boomers’ can be competitive, work-focused and organised, and are older than 56. At the age of over 40, Gen X are described as self-sufficient, straight forward and cynical. Tolerant, social and holders of high expectations are the over 18’s, the Millennials. And, finally, we arrive at the youngest of the generations, Gen Z, the under 18’s who are characterized by their independence, short attention spans and incredible technological ability.

Now this all may sound like a huge assumption, comparable to horoscopes and astrology, but while these characteristics are assumed stereotypes, they still remain useful due to their causation. These qualities are far from arbitrary and have become common within a generation due to environmental factors such as war, protest, resource availability and technological advancement. For example, due to growing up in the great depression, Traditionalists are less likely to spend money superfluously and Millennials and Gen Z are more conscious about social issues due to being raised in a world surrounded by the media.

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news & opinions

The ‘generation gap’ itself, is the distinct differences between the nature of ideals held between the generations. The term came about in the 60’s when there was a noticeable juxtaposition between the cultural habits and views of the baby boomers compared to their traditionalist parents. This gap shows how broad the influence of external events on a group of people can be.

But what effect will this gap have on the future? It can already be seen that there are rising tensions between younger and older generations, and with the current emergence of the newest generational subset, Gen Alpha, how will this dynamic change?

The contrast in political views has become divisive, as those in high leadership positions are older, whereas a majority of the population who are being led are actually much younger (millennials). This often means that the needs of younger generations are not being met, due to the lack of common beliefs and ideals. It has proven difficult to translate between the differing moral perspectives of these groups to find a common ground, but if we are to grow and continue as a society in a socially sustainable way, something has to be done to allow communication and understanding, despite growing up in different circumstances.

The question is, how far are we willing to go and how much time and effort will we put into this? For a change as instrumental as this to occur, it relies on the support and cooperation of all demographics, no matter which ‘stereotype’ they are defined by. the retro issue

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should we cancel cancel culture?

SARAH WATERS AND AZARIA JONES

Pro’s

Trends are some of the defining features of a year or era- the mullets and ripped jeans of the 1980s, the boo-yah saying and Tamagotchis of the 1990s and even the cha-cha slide of the early 2000s. Each of these trends may either be remembered with fondness or horror -often depending on what side of history you’re on- but now there seems to be a new, more political trend emerging within today’s era- “Cancel Culture”. This trend, like most, is also either loved or hated- but often for more complex reasons than the simple personal preference of earlier trends; instead often requiring the assessment of one’s own moral compass in reference to a specific community’s opinion.

Cancel Culture involves a group of people, or even a singular person, “exposing” a person of fame or importance who has previously committed acts deemed immoral or inappropriate by a sizable group of people.

This creates an environment of peer pressure, which often forces the person to apologise, lose support, or even lose their job over the alleged claims. This has been helpful in a number of cases, such as the most commonly mentioned case of cancel culture; the Jeffry Epstein case.

In examples of alleged sexual assault, celebrities/influencers such as J.K Rowling and Bari Weiss were ‘under fire’ due to discriminatory opinions.

These cases can be seen in a positive light, where many of the people’s supporters are able to see the person’s values and whether they align with their own, making it easier for people to see who to support and agree with. It also enables the general community to be able to observe and even partake in acts of justice as they see fit, or even simply be aware of the issue as a whole directly from other members of the community, rather than filtered by sources such as the media or the celebrity themselves.

The other benefit of this method includes the community’s ability to hold a person accountable, rather than depending on a few key people to judge for them. This way, people can use their power of the majority to change the world to what they would rather see- often attempting to further free it from obvious negative behaviour such as racism, sexism, or homophobia, and to hopefully promote a more morally just community.

We have all seen cases of people who simply should not be in a position of power or influence, and cancel culture can be a way to ensure that they are punished and have their power taken away. Once deemed ‘America’s father’, Bill Cosby was a man whose work could be seen flashing across the screens of most TV’s in the 80s and 90s. He held significant power and influence but was later accused of sex offences. While this was originally overlooked in 2004, 10 years later, more people came forward, detailing what had happened between them and Cosby. Cancel culture worked in this instance to charge and ‘cancel’ a man who once held power and was considered ‘good’- by everyone except his victims.

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news & opinions

As a society, we are constantly pushing to out rule stigma associated with minority groups.

However, cancel culture sets this progress back decades and calls for people to work as a majority group to ‘cut down’ the person they are trying to attack. When put simply like that it seems to reflect ideas of bullyingunidentifiable faces voicing their opinions to the void of the internet that consumes so much of our time. This means that it has become increasingly important to follow ‘The Group’ and their ideas and values. This phenomenon fails to recognise minorities and their ideas and beliefs, as the whole idea is that a large group with a loud voice needs to push their ideas. Social media has made this anonymous grouping easier, particularly the popular social platforms Reddit and Twitter.

We’ve all heard of cyber attacks and bullying incidents and we are automatically programmed to recognise it as wrong. So, why is this any different? Due to the constant monitoring of behaviour and easy access to past and present actions, previous comments, and past actions can be taken out of context and misinterpreted in a reductionist way. As a teen, social media is an easy platform to use to share your opinions in a way that gets you that ‘5 minutes of fame feeling’. Whether it be a racist tweet, a controversial anti-religion post shared or a video about going back to ‘the old ways’, these are all ways in which we seek to climb the social ladder to feel *important*. As writers or ‘cancel-hunters’ seek to find people to bring down, it has become easier to isolate old comments made that the person in question stated as a teen. Fast forward 20 years to their modern self, those comments may not reflect their current ideals. These comments made in the person’s far past can result in their being ‘cancelled’.

We seem to be able to understand that this is wrong logically speaking, but when it comes to cancel culture, this logic is thrown out the window and we take these past public announcements to be a whole and complete picture ofissue the person. the retro

Con’s

A classic example of Cancel Culture and it negative impacts is in the case of Carson King, a man, who in 2019 went viral as he famously held up a sign in a “College GameDay” event asking people to Venmo him money for his beer supply. This joking ad got aired on TV and ended up gaining him over $1 million dollars, which he promptly donated to one of the state Children’s Hospitals.

Having become viral overnight, for not only his hilarious accidental fame and success but also his seemingly incredible sense of selflessness, he managed to raise even more fame and awareness as he appeared on national TV shows like “Goodmorning America” and being the tagline for companies such as Busch Light and Venmo who both pledged to match whatever money he made from the cause.

This seemingly good occasion took a sour twist however when a reporter named Aaron Calvin set out to make a report on him and discovered that the now 24-year-old King had posted two racist tweets when he was 16. While it was not Calvin’s intention to cancel King, the findings caused major backlash towards him, with him almost immediately losing his sponsorship with Busch and suddenly having a vast amount of hate thrown towards him. However, this stage quickly backfired for Calvin as it was discovered he himself had posted a number of racist remarks in the past, causing him to lose his own job, as people viewed his comments towards King completely hypocritical.

Cancel Culture makes people quick to tear each other down in the face of moral superiority, and to seemingly “forget” about their own misdemeanours which often makes their criticism completely unjust. The problem is, no one is perfect, so no one can expect others to be- something which Cancel Culture almost seems to promote in its ideal standard of “creating a better world”.

Rather, it seems that Cancel Culture may simply be creating a more toxic environment, as people get the allowance to tear each other down over things that happened years ago, may be taken out of context, or even be ‘crimes’ the accusers 013 have committed themselves.

the impact of Covidtrigger warning

COVID-19 has impacted everyone around the world in some way; whether it is through the lowered employment rates, being exposed to or infected with covid, the fear of infecting loved ones, lockdowns, non-essential services shutting down, quarantine and even shops with shorter opening hours. This year has been as unpredictable, unprecedented and unfortunate, especially for many directly affected by COVID-19. The pandemic has had such a widespread impact on economies, politics and even social laws- but what toll has this taken on people’s mental health?

In many countries, people with mental health conditions already faced stigma, mistreatment and discrimination, but during the pandemic, the situation has only worsened. A survey sent out by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in June 2020 shows that some services for MNS (Mental, Neurological and Substance Abuse Disorders) were disrupted, or unable to open during lockdowns and quarantine, in the countries that were surveyed. Many of these services were seen as unessential and unnecessary to be open during the lockdowns. However, these services are essential to those who need to be treated; MNS disorders can make the person affected more susceptible to COVID-19.

In Melbourne, when the most stringent lockdown procedures were announced on the 2nd of August, the Lifeline call centre experienced a rise in calls. Understandably, the people of Melbourne were scared, anxious and worried, so they decided to seek help from Lifeline. Throughout 2020, Lifeline has seen a 25% increase in calls, originally related to the bushfires, drought, Coronavirus and other unfortunate circumstances. Since the first lockdowns in Melbourne, there has been a 22% increase in calls to Lifeline and when the stage 4 restrictions were announced, calls from Victorians went up by another 30%.

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news & opinions

19 on mental health TOMASINA MODEL

Many people call believing that passing on COVID-19 is their fault if they have tested positive or that the high number of cases is their fault. Other people fear getting COVID-19 and that giving it to someone else would put many other people’s lives at risk. Many people seeking help are year 12 students who are unable to cope with their load of schoolwork and how a pandemic has affected their last year of school.

Among the young people of Victoria, there has been a 33% rise in hospitalisations due to self-harm. Increased time working and learning at home has also created higher domestic violence rates, due largely to an increase in home drinking. Sadly, the turbulent nature of the year has resulted in a higher rate of suicide, largely due to the lack of support and increased time alone for many people. Mental health is an incredibly important aspect of life for everybody it and needs to be protected and valued more than it currently is.

The Covid-19 pandemic has changed life dramatically for everyone, and many have had difficulty mentally coping with the constantly changing nature of the virus, and these issues have not been addressed properly. A more structured and inclusive mental health plan needs to be put together to increase the quality of life and to save lives.

lifelinephone number: 13 11 14 website: www.lifeline.org.au

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retro poem HUNA MOGHADDAR

‌R‌‌evolving‌ ‌around‌ ‌funky‌ ‌colours‌ ‌and‌ ‌a‌ ‌disco‌ ‌style‌ E‌‌‌veryone‌ ‌loved‌ ‌afros‌ ‌and‌ ‌knee-high‌ ‌boots‌ ‌ T‌‌‌op‌‌it‌‌off‌ w ‌ ith‌a ‌ ‌b ‌ andana‌ ‌ R‌‌‌oller‌ ‌skates‌ ‌were‌ ‌the‌ ‌way‌ ‌to‌ ‌get‌ ‌around‌ ‌ O ‌‌‌h,‌ ‌how‌ ‌I‌ ‌miss‌ ‌those‌ ‌good‌ ‌old‌ ‌days!‌

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art

war

short story FIFI IMBERGER

It means something different to everyone. To you, it could be the constant war between you and your siblings, and to your mum, it could be the competition of finding the lowest prices at your local supermarket. Despite war being defined as a state of armed conflict between different countries or different groups within a country, to some people that’s not how they see war.

My personal idea of war relates directly to the definition. *** They told us the ‘Secret War’ in Laos was meant to slow down the eventual march towards the West from Vietnam. The war was kept a secret, as secret as you could keep a war. In doing so many trained soldiers retreated; it became guerilla warfare. Due to the lack of training and military weapons, many non-traditional methods were used, like dropping large rocks from an aircraft onto a truck convoy that was right out in the open. Regular people were being trained and turned into unrecognisable soldiers who did things that they never would have done otherwise. The soldiers who guarded the path at Laos were thugs with a terrorists’ mindset; they did barbaric things to anyone who was captured.

I was captured. I was tormented and beaten until I could no longer think straight. Innocent people around me were torn away and they turned their back on me, I lost almost all sanity and any hope of rescue. *** 70,000 people were said to have died in that ‘secret war.’ I don’t see it to be a secret anymore.

We see the drastic measures that people influenced by their internal ‘secret war’ go to just to get their next hit or drink. We see regular people become unrecognisable, all because of the strong compulsion that led them to submit to the hold that their addiction had on them. They are captured by their addiction. Tormented into the mindset of needing to feed their addiction and when they do, it results in lacking the ability to function physically. They no longer think straight, what they once did gracefully they now do thoughtlessly. It changes people from being rational thinkers to being in a reckless mindset that the addiction has created.

Innocent people were torn away from their families because of their addictions. Priorities are inappropriately rearranged and it results in families turning their backs on each other. All sense of normal can be lost and when they get too far gone all sense of rescue from their situation is lost as well.

‘The Secret War’ at Laos was filled with tragic losses. The people that entered the war spent many years afterwards trying to recover. Every day even after they were discharged from recovery; they still battled what they struggled with throughout the war. Every day they are reminded of the trauma they experienced. Some of the strongest soldiers have come from the Secret Battle of Laos, Some are still fighting to this day, despite the fact that the war ended 45 years ago.

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paperboy short story HARRIET EASTMENT

The roads were baking hot when a paperboy began his rounds one early morning.

He never looked bored, or particularly happy. No one would notice as he walked by each worn-down house, as he did his rounds every Wednesday morning around five AM; a lonely person walking by lonely roads. He passed papers which provided no exciting news or information. But he was saving up for a car. The morning air was cool, and a summer sky was warming up. It would be a boiling day, but now soft peachy hues faded into a silvery blue. The sound of waves lapping a cool shore broke the morning silence. Despite how much he disliked his job he always loved how peaceful the mornings were. He could hear voices down on the beach- early morning swimmers and surfers enjoying cooler sand.

He shifted his backpack onto his other shoulder, and launched a newspaper over Mrs Longer’s fence and flew another over Mr Sawmen’s camelias. Every house here was worn down and tired. When he was younger, he and a few other boys would ride along warm roads in the summer on their bicycles, making their way through the quiet roads. Most of those boys were gone now.

When he reached a road overlooking the beach he could see old minivans parked along the road next to a long line of scrub. There were worn tracks that sloped downwards onto the sand. A couple of boys carrying surfboards disappeared down the scrub track as he passed. Every house had a small shed, usually holding boats or racks of surfboards. No one had a carport. Not many people here had a car at all. Not when you could just walk everywhere. No one saw a reason to go anywhere else.

But he did.

Being a paperboy meant you learnt a lot more about a place than anyone else.

He knew Mr Sando watered his garden at six every morning. He knew that Caro Wilson’s kelpie could unlatch her mailbox (he always left her papers on her high concrete wall). And Mrs Wilma, well, she didn’t check her mailbox...ever, which is why he always had to leave his papers on her doorstep.

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art

The only interesting or extraordinary part of his day was on 23rd street in a house behind a hedge. He had met Tiny a year ago when he first began his route around town. She was from America and it never occurred to him that any of the outside world would leak in here. Tiny became his symbol of hope; his hope of seeing the world one day. If she had seen it, he could too.

So, every morning the paperboy turned onto 23rd street and opened the gate.

“Tiny!” He called in a loud whisper.

“I’m over here, round the back.” Tiny replied.

He smiled and dropped his paper bag on her lawn, walked around her verandah and found Tiny lying flat on her back on her trampoline, her eyes closed. This was how she spent every single morning, and she never got sick of it. Tiny was like that. She could be very silent one second, buzzing with energy a second later. This was one of those moments, and he could feel her energy bubbling up already.

Just as he predicted her eyes opened and she suddenly hopped up, leaping down with surprising grace onto the ground, smiling at him. Her smile was sparkly and warm; her eyes bubbled with humour and her freckles danced across her nose, her curly hair falling around her shoulders like a mermaid.

“Let’s go! I have something to show you.”

Every morning she had something new to show him. And each day his eyes were opened wider. And so, on this particularly uninteresting morning, he found himself following her to something new. And as he did, he decided that being a paper boy wasn’t all that bad. In fact, one day he might just see the world. But for now, being a paperboy was all he needed to be.

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women in science NEVADA GUIENCE

Have you ever wanted an answer to a really big question? Well, you’re not alone. Scientists ask and answer big questions all the time. And some of the best questions asked and the best discoveries made, have come from women.

What is radioactivity? You may know it as the scientific power that turned Bruce Banner into the Hulk, but in reality, although radioactivity can be harmful in many ways, it also has many significant benefits. In fact, it helps your smoke alarm work, treats diseases and can also produce energy for electrical power. But who discovered it? Marie Curie was a Polish physicist and chemist who contributed many scientific findings to the world. She discovered two elements (which is super impressive!) - Radium and Polonium. And thanks to her, we know what radioactivity is; the breaking down and decay of atoms. Her discoveries meant our world could be more aware and safe. Sadly, Marie died because of exposure to radiation - it can be incredibly harmful, and unfortunately, at the time, no one knew of the terrible consequences of radiation poisoning.

Have you ever wondered why you look the way you do? Well, you owe most of it to DNA - the genetic material you inherited from your parents.

People can trace your family tree from looking at your DNA. It determines traits like your eye colour, hair colour, and height. It was found by Rosalind Franklin. She was the one who captured the first image of it - the double helix structure an astonishing discovery. One that was stolen by two male colleagues - James Watson and Francis Crick who (would you believe) won the Nobel Prize for the discovery! Luckily, many years later people realised what really happened, and she is now commended for her achievements.

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features and human interests

Stars. You look up at the night sky and see thousands of them twinkling - even though they’re actually enormous, burning balls of hydrogen and helium. For example, our sun, a yellow dwarf star, is 1.3927 million km in diameter. Just think about that! Stars are incredibly fascinating galactic objects. And the person who discovered what they’re made of - Cecilia Payne, a British astronomer, was another female scientist whose work was stolen by a man! Henry Norris Russell actually discouraged her from her work for years before he claimed the discovery.

Women have often been restricted from getting an education, especially in the past. Previously, women weren’t allowed to publish scientific papers - some of them had to use pseudonyms instead of their real names as many people thought that they were not as smart as men. Many women risked everything to follow their passion for science These days, lots of women choose careers in science - and the wonderful thing about it is that now, there is nothing that can stop them.

I hope that you too, now knowing what women are capable of - spend some time each day thinking about a really big question you’ve asked. And maybe someday you’ll make a great discovery.

Just like all these amazing female scientists. As Rosalind Franklin once said: “Science and everyday life cannot and should not be separated”.

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ALANNAH WILLIAMS

1920

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Nowadays, you wouldn’t see people walking around with fake jewellery dangling from their wrists and neck, and wearing bow ties to every casual occasion. And if somebody proposed that you spend the next three hours playing Tiddledy Winks, they would probably earn some very confused glances in their direction. But this is exactly what people did in the 1920s.

If we teleported back 100 years to a world of radio broadcasts and jitterbug dancing, pulling out your mobile phone and setting it to make strange noises could get you arrested. And if you started complaining about taking the night shift at your work, people would accuse you of breaking the law!

Some things over the years have stayed the same; men are still paid more than women in most sports, winter is the still coldest month and ice cream is still awesome, but many things have undergone very obvious changes. Ways of accessing music, television, and radio all differ drastically One of the most obvious differences between their world and ours was the standard of gender equality. Back then the world was a very different place for women. In 1920 all women except Aboriginal women were given the right to vote, meaning they had a greater say in how the country was run.

This was really significant, because it meant that men were acknowledging women as having opinions and values of their own. Can you imagine what it would be like to have spent years being, ‘owned’ by your husband, father, or brother? Even those who did acknowledge that women were people in their own right, believed that they should succumb to the will of the dominant male, so it was seen as pointless to allow women to vote in the first place.

In 1921 the University of Carolina accepted and promoted female students and graduates, but there were still restrictions as to what jobs women could be accepted into, and the shifts they could work. It was, for example, illegal for women to work at night, because it would interfere with their running of the household. What was more, women who worked in science and maths were few and far between, and if they entered a male-dominated workplace they tended to be ostracised. In 2020, it has been scientifically proven that while girls learn better in schools with only other girls, boys learn better in co-ed schools.

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features and human interests

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2020 Sport was male-dominated - figure skating, fencing and archery were some of the first sports featured at the modern Olympics, but only men could compete. In 1926, the first women were allowed to compete in the running events, which was a massive step forward. But the tug-of-war left the Olympics before women had a chance to compete in it (how sad).

The technology was also very different; back then, the candlestick phone was considered a revelation, but it couldn’t be taken out of one room, could only call people with other phones like it and was time-consuming to dial.

Despite all of this, it stayed in fashion for 28 years, longer than phones are ‘new’ for now. Now all large phone brands, like Apple and Samsung, release at least one new model per year, as well as updating former versions.

Where food is concerned, codfish cakes were all the rage. These included cod fillets, parmesan cheese, butter, egg, grated onion, russet potatoes and bread crumbs.

And when you search up, ‘what is the food trend for 2020’, the first thing that comes up is ‘different types of milk’. We are all familiar with much more than full cream milk: but in addition to soy and almond milk, other varieties and alternatives have/will come out, like coconut milk, rice milk and oat milk.

But here is something, oat milk or otherwise, that we can all relate to. A terrible disease spread throughout the world, forcing people into their homes.

It was a disease to which people had no immunity, and to which no effective vaccine could be found. It spread swiftly around the globe until people all over the world were in lockdown, with businesses and schools closed.

People only left their houses to collect essential items, and when they did, they were required to wear a mask. Does any of this sound familiar?

Believe it or not, I am not talking about Covid 19. These facts are actually about the Spanish Flu, 1918. So maybe 1920 and 2020 aren’t that different after all.

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significant women through the decades a look at some of the women who have helped shape our world CHARLOTTE THOMAS ILLUSTRATIONS BY BELLA WATERS

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First Ladies are often overlooked as being “just the President’s wife.” However, Eleanor Roosevelt broke this idea in every aspect of her life. After her husband’s term ended in 1945, Roosevelt was appointed as a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly. She was the first Chairperson of the Commission on Human Rights and played an incredibly instrumental role in the forming and production of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Eleanor used her fame, status and credibility amongst both the USA and the USSR to push for the passing of the declaration and its successful completion in 1948. In 1968, Roosevelt was posthumously awarded the United Nations Human Rights Prize.

50s Marilyn Monroe has one of the most recognisable faces in the world. But what lay beneath the surface of the 50’s icon? Marilyn was incredibly concerned with breaking down stereotypical typecasts in films at the time. Hollywood in the 50s often only cast women for roles that they deemed ‘suited’ their looks and physique. Monroe protested against this, as well as protesting against the beauty standards at the time.

But perhaps the most influential thing Monroe achieved for the world was her influence on the civil rights movement in America. She was a close friend of African-American Jazz singer Ella Fitzgerald, and when Ella was not allowed to play at the popular Hollywood club Mocambo, because of her race, Marilyn called the company and said that she would sit in the front row if Fitzgerald was allowed to play. Ella Fitzgerald later claimed that she “owed a real debt” to Monroe for her assistance in changing the misogynistic and racist nature of Hollywood.

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60s Barbra Streisand revolutionized the music industry. She wasn’t conventionally beautiful, which meant that many studios and producers wouldn’t hire her. She was told that she was “too ugly to be a star” and that “she would have to get a nose job” if she wanted to succeed. Streisand declined and became one of the first female musicians who won fame for their personality and talent, rather than looks. She paved the way for many musicians to come who didn’t conform to typical male-defined aesthetics. Streisand began directing her films at just 21, which prompted detractors to call her an egomaniac. However, she persevered and became one of the most influential and well-known artists and actresses of the 1960s.

70s Diana Ross, also known as Lady Diana was the ultimate celebrity of the 70s. She was an African American superstar singer, actress, model, mother and businesswoman in a still heavily prejudiced and racist society. She originated from Detroit and her journey from the streets of the suburbs to the Hollywood stage inspired women globally. She was an advocate for “individual freedom, the Civil Rights movement, the feminist movement, gay rights, and right to privacy” within the performing industry. Diana Ross is one of the few women who has two stars on the Hollywood walk of fame. One for her band the Supremes, and one for her own solo career.

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80s Naomi Campbell was one of the most influential models of the 1980s. Her groundbreaking debut on the cover of Vogue as the first African American model left an impact on the world for decades to come. By overcoming the systematic racism in the modelling industry, Campbell built herself up as one of the most well-known models in history. Naomi said that “At an early age, I understood what it meant to be black. You had to be twice as good.” (Sage Journals). This was all too true for the supermodel powerhouse. Often when she attended photoshoots she was given a lighter foundation to mask her true skin tone.

But Naomi protested and brought her own foundation to shoots from then on.

90s Madeleine Albright is a Czech born American who was the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations and the first woman to hold the cabinet post of the U.S. Secretary of State.

Having fled Czechoslovakia in 1939 after the Nazi invasion due to her Jewish heritage, Albright gained a reputation in the UN for being tough-minded, and a fierce advocate for American interests. She was a champion of both democracy and human rights and pushed for the involvement of the US and their military prowess to help the less fortunate. Madeleine Albright’s strong ethics and perseverance in politics made her one of America’s most wellknown politicians.

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00s Cathy Freeman was and still is, an icon for Aboriginal pride and reconciliation. She was the first indigenous woman to wave the Aboriginal flag at a sporting event. She was a symbol for the Indigenous community across the nation and upon the then 24-year-old’s shoulders, was the weight of the Australian people’s hopes for racial and cultural equality. Freeman won gold at the 2000 Olympics and paved the way for the many Indigenous women in the world of sport. In the words of Cathy Freeman “You got to try and reach for the stars or try and achieve the unreachable.” (QuoteTab)

10s Malala Yousafzai became one of the most wellknown names in the world in 2013 and 14 at just 17. Malala was the youngest person ever to achieve a Nobel Peace Prize for her efforts in the education of girls across the globe. Malala was an advocate for women’s rights in her home country of Pakistan, when she was shot in the head on her way home from school in 2012.

This was due to her efforts in human rights, and the plight for girls to attend school. Her ability to stand up to the Taliban and to protest for the rights of women is a testament to the way you can change the world, despite your age. And as Malala says: “One child, one teacher, one book and one pen can change the world.”

Of course, these were not the only influential women of the last 80 years. Other influential women that you should definitely investigate further are: Ella Fitzgerald, Eleanor Roosevelt, Rosa Parks, Jane Fonda, Stevie Nicks, Olivia Newton-John, Princess Diana, Dolly Parton, Whoopi Goldberg, Donatella Versace, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Aung San Suu Kyi, Michelle Obama, Greta Thunberg and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez

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@deadly_geminga

artwork by the talented Narmi Collins- Widders

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retro video game consoles CHIYO BROWN

1977; Color TV Game 6 - The Color TV-Game 6 was Nintendo's first home console. It was released in 1977, and was only sold in Japan. The Color TVGame 6 had only one game - Light Tennis, which looked and played much like Pong.

1980; Game and Watch - The Game & Watch system was released in Japan in 1980. It was the very first handheld gaming console created by Nintendo. Some consider the Game & Watch to be the handheld version of the Color TV Game series - The Game & Watch also only featured one game for each system.

1983; Family Computer (Famicom) - The Family Computer (Famicom for short) is a home video game system released by Nintendo in 1983. It came with two controllers, and home versions of three Nintendo arcade games: Donkey Kong, Donkey Kong Jr, and Popeye. The Famicom’s use of interchangeable cartridges meant that video game companies other than Nintendo could produce games for the system.

1989; Game Boy - The Game Boy was the first dedicated handheld system from Nintendo which used interchangeable cartridges to play many different titles. The Game Boy was affordable, had a long battery life, and could play various video games such as Tetris, Super Mario Land, Kirby's Dream Land, and Pokémon.

1996; Nintendo 64 - The Nintendo 64 was first released in Japan in 1996. It was the first console of its time with built-in four player gaming. The controller for the Nintendo 64 was very unique, and featured three grips and a total of eight buttons. Time magazine praised the realistic movement and gameplay provided by the console, stating that it was the “fastest, smoothest game action yet attainable” 030

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2004; Nintendo DS - The Nintendo DS features a clamshell design, and has two screens - the lower one a touch screen. The DS was Nintendo’s first handheld console with Wi-Fi capabilities. The Nintendo DS is the best selling Nintendo game system, and sold over 150 million units worldwide. It is the world’s second best-selling game system only behind the PlayStation 2.

2006; Wii - The Wii comes packaged with a Wii Remote and Nunchuk. Wii Remote is able to sense movement in 3D space, and is thus able to simulate things such as having a sword fight, playing a wide variety of sports, and much more. The remote was designed to closely resemble a tv remote, which made it easier for inexperienced players to relate to.

2011; Nintendo 3DS - The 3DS is the successor of the Nintendo DS, and has the ability to display the upper screen in 3D. The 3DS is compatible with DS games, has motion detection for various games that use movement, a better camera, and features a new circle control, appropriately named by Nintendo as the 'Circle Pad'. This control is seen later in the Nintendo Switch and Switch Lite consoles.

2017; Nintendo Switch - The Nintendo switch is the first hybrid console/handheld - The main unit is a portable tablet with a multi-touch screen, and it can be inserted into a special dock that allows it to be connected to the TV. Games are controlled using the Joy-Con, wireless controllers that can be attached to either the sides of the tablet, or taken off to be used as two separate controllers. The Switch is the first home console to utilize physical games as cartridges in over 20 years - The last game which used these cartridges was the Nintendo 64.

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fashion through the decades A study of retro fashion trends GEORGIE SWALES

Fashion in the ‘Roaring 20s’ was determined by social status and the cultural group which a person was associated with. The most sophisticated fashion: flapper fashion, cocoon fur coats, fringed shawls and cloche hats, were often correlated to the wealthier class. This memorable decade saw the scandalous rise in hem length to below the knee from the previous social standard ‘midcalf’. Most trends in Australian cities were also common globally, with the only fashion seen as typically ‘Australian’ worn by country citizens. Following WW1, rebellion and social and moral customs were relaxed and clothing changed with the new roles of women in society, there was more freedom in their desire for comfortable and practical clothing.

The ‘Golden Age’ in Australia became recognised as the year Phar Lap dominated the horse racing industry. With the gelding’s victories came women’s adoption of the ‘trouser’, particularly by squatters’ daughters and female pilots. This practical and comfortable fashion was popular and continued into the 40s during the second world war.

This war-filled patriotic and demanding decade saw dramatic rationing on many materials, including clothing and material. People adapted to the limitations, dramatically decreasing the amount of material required for socially acceptable clothing. Thus, the rise of mini skirts and tight-fit clothing swarmed the country and most of the globe.

The 50s saw the globalisation of television and the rapid spread of fashion throughout the world. ‘Sophistication’ was prominent in this era as conformity and self-identity shaped the position in which people stood in public perception. The ‘circle dress’, the ‘sheath dress’, gloves, stockings and purses were the most common form of feminine attire, with Marilyn Monroe’s glamour influencing social streetwear, along with the emergence of teenage subculture.

The ‘sixties’ was one of the most notably diverse and political decades in modern history. The ‘hippie’ movement saw the appearance of natural fabrics, tiedye, flowers and the symbolic peace sign around the world. Slim fitting, geometric shapes and bright coloured mini skirts exposed centimetres of the thigh which had been hidden since the war years. This youth-driven era predominantly reflected social and ethnic groups, creating controversy within majorities. ‘Hippie fashion’ portrayed one’s perspective on life, generally opposing Australia’s involvement in the Vietnam war. In previous decades, a distinct line separated men’s and women’s clothing standards, however, the sixties introduced unisex clothing such as the denim jeans.

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Seventies fashion was daring, carefree and diverse. There was no such thing as a ‘happy medium’, with skirts either extremely long or controversially short. Tight, shiny disco pants with bright and bold colours eradicated the Hippie movement of the sixties. Instead, the appearance of Charlie’s Angels inspired bell-bottom flares and rough, flicked back hair, along with the Wonder Woman knee-high boots and short hotpants emerged.

The ‘Greed Decade’ of the 80’s was an era when hippie fashion began to retract, and an excessive amount of money was used to purchase clothing in an attempt to symbolise wealth and social status, similar to the 1920s. Thus, the emergence of ‘Punk’ rose, as a non-conformist, rebellious style of loud and aggressive fashion.

Black leather jackets correlated with the ‘Biker’ style and Madonna dominated as a risqué fashion icon, wearing underwear as outerwear. In an almost completely different style, ‘Flashdance’ also saw the rise of leg warmers, ripped off-the-shoulder t-shirts and the fitness craze, primarily consisting of bright, synthetic sportswear.

Major milestones occurred in the 90s, including the end of the Cold War. However, for fashion, it was an ‘anti-fashion’ decade, with a combination of eclectic styles and the need to dress for comfort rather than style. This minimalist fashion with neutral colours, messy hair, oversized, baggy, ripped and dark-featured clothing was the combination of punk and hippie, known as ‘Grunge’. Nirvana led the fashion of this era, popularising retro fashion, with the youth of Australia seeking to define themselves with fashion in op-shops from the 50s, 60s and 70s.

The ‘Naughts’ was an iconic era for fashion. This decade, with low rise jeans, belts on the outside (minimally serving their purpose of stabilising pants), dresses over jeans, cropped singlets and off-the-shoulder tops, was seen as the ‘heyday of denim’. Brittney Spears was a ‘boss’ throughout the 00s, with her low-rise jeans, denim dresses, cropped-tops and leather hats. Eminem was the ‘artist of the decade’ and largely contributed to pop-culture music and fashion. His baggy tracksuits, ‘baller’ singlets, beanies and chains marked his ‘slim shady’ fashion influence globally.

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comics

DESIGNED BY HARRIET GILPIN

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college quizzes

crossword puzzle

across: 3. a style of an earlier time 7. A 90’s movie, the main charaters name is Cher 8. a singer of 1999, purple rain and kiss 9. somewhere to hang out and have a milkshake 10. a popular suburb in Los Angeles, California famous for its movie making 11. a dance move that was prolific in the 60’s

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down: 1. a selection of fluorescent colours seen throughout the 1980’s 2. “you’re the one that I want” 4. style of pop music intended mainly to dance to 5. an English rock band from the 1960’s 6. a popular or latest style of clothing, hair, decoration or behavour 9. an Englsih subculture that was popular during the 60’s 035

what decade are you from?

QUIZ CREATED BY NERISSA HALLMAN

If you could add anything to an outfit, what would it be? a.

Fishnets b.

A fur coat c.

A headscarf d.

Frilly socks e.

A leather jacket f.

Flare jeans g.

A collared shirt h.

A neon bomber jacket i.

Rhinestones, on literally everything j.

A huge baggy t-shirt What’s your guilty pleasure? a.

Dancing at odd times b.

Any sort of contest c.

Collecting random stuff d.

Board/card games e.

Exploring new places f.

Music/reading g.

Video games h.

Making new playlists i.

Shopping j.

Netflix <33

What’s your favourite dish? a.

Deviled eggs b.

Cherry pie c.

Meatloaf d.

Souffle eggs e.

Fondue f.

Anything with pineapple g.

Steak h.

Stuffed crust pizza i.

Sliders j.

Avocado, which goes on almost anything Pick a movie a.

The Great Gatsby b.

The Wizard of Oz c.

Pinnochio d.

Grease e.

Pink Panther f.

Superman g.

Star Wars: The Return of the Jedi h.

Space Jam i.

Fantastic Mr Fox j.

Back to the Future II

What kinda music are you listening to? a.

Louis Armstrong b.

Billie Holliday c.

The Beatles d.

Patsy Cline e.

Bob Dylan f.

Pink Floyd g.

Michael Jackson h.

Beyonce i.

50 cent j.

Lady Gaga

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college quizzes

results a’s - The roaring 20’s. The world of flapper dresses and speakeasies awaits you! b’s - The 30’s. Radio shows and board games were popular in this era, with both Monopoly and Scrabble being invented in this decade. c’s - Welcome to the 40’s. While Zoot suits and slinkies may seem an unnatural pair, they occupied this decade. d’s - The 50’s. Slicked back hair and polka dot dresses were popular during this time period. If you wanted a refreshing drink back in the fifties, a soda fountain was the answer. e’s - You’ve arrived in the 60’s. Barbie dolls and lava lamps were loved by many. And yes, they still exist today. f’s - Here come the seventies. The famous Woodstock festival and Hippies became a thing too, loose clothes and messy hair was a look loved by many. g’s - The eighties. Arcades with games like Tetris, Frogger and Dig Dug were favoured by people all over the world. Slap on bracelets and the Rubix cube became staples of this decade. h’s -The nineties. Drop crotch pants [ looking at you MC Hammer] were a favourite in this dec ade. Rushing to the nearest Blockbuster on a Friday night was a must, cause you always had to have the latest release to watch at your sleepover. i’s - Welcome to the 2000s. While low rise jeans might have been a trend during this decade, they’re a not-so-good aspect of the early 2000’s. Y2K was certainly upon us, rhinestones were on almost everything you could ever imagine, Paris Hilton and Nicole Richie provided all the wisdom you could ever want, and everyone wanted to be like either Letty from Fast and Furious or Dylan from Charlie’s Angels. j’s - The 2010’s. We don’t really know what happened here either; hipsters in the earlier parts of the decade and those really odd moustache prints that seemed to be almost everywhere, the 2010’s was an odd time. Worldwide known bands such as Tame Impala and Arctic Monkeys were born, sending us into a whole new musical world full of Synth and Neo-psychedelia; this is where bedroom pop was born. The debate of the decade was between whether a dress was black and blue or white and gold [it’s totally white and gold btw]. Ah, the app that we know and love as Vine was made, and I’m sure most of you know a couple. After its shutdown in late 2016, the internet mourned the loss of one of the most popular apps ever made. Black Panther made its debut in 2018, breaking the box office with a whopping 1.4 billion dollars, and setting a whole new atmosphere for superhero movies. the retro issue

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retro art collage DRAWN BY ALI KEALEY AND POPPY MCLAREN

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EDITORS IN CHIEF PEARL ROGERS ESTHER EICKHOFF

meet the team COLLEGE QUIZZES

Nerissa Hallmann CONTRIBUTORS

NEWS AND OPINION EDITOR SARAH WATERS AZARIA JONES FEATURES AND HUMAN INTERESTS EDITOR CHARLOTTE THOMAS IN THE SCHOOL EDITOR PAIGE MACKENZIE ARTS EDITOR BETHANY EICKHOFF ENTERTAINMENT EDITOR TOMASINA MODEL

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Anviti Sinha Huna Mighaddar Pheope Imberger Harriet Eastment Nevada Guience Alannah Williams Narmi Collis - Widders Chiyo Brown Georgie Swales

CONTRIBUTING ARTISTS

Bella Waters Holly Sheedy Poppy Mclaren Ali Kealey Harriet Gilpin Emily Peet

PHOTOGRAPHER

Chloe Clark ADVISOR

Mrs Shirley Tier

CARTOONIST

Harriet Gilpin

COVER ILLUSTRATOR

Bethany Eickhoff

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contact us

for enquires, comments and questions: thescope@plcarmidale.nsw.edu.au

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