Transportation Design Master Thesis Report | 2020 | Roborace Robocar for Mercedes Benz | MIT,Pune |

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Roborace Robocar for Mercedes Benz

A master thesis by Pranav Pise

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Acknowledgments I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my HOD Dr. Prof. Nachiket Thakur as well as my guide Asst. Prof. Kiran Tuplondhe who give me the creative freedom and golden opportunity to work on this wonderful topic ‘Robocar for Mercedes-Benz‘, which also helped me in doing lots of research, ideation and I come to know so many new things. This helped me to increase my knowledge and skills.

Contents Abstract

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Introduction Initial Thoughts Project Design theme Roborace Daniel Simon - The designer Seasons Rules and regulations Cars Devbot Devbot 2.0 Robocar Current Technology Mercedes-Benz About Mercedes-Benz in motors-port Mercedes-Benz EQ Design Language Why Mercedes?

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Methodology Brief Scenario

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Championship Rules Delete the unnecessary Pushing Limits Basic architecture Design benchmarking Direction

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Ideation Theme 1 Theme 2 Theme 3 Final Direction

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Result Blueprint CAS model Livery Design Studio Renders Design Attributes Aerodynamics Exploded Views Sensors Architecture Environmental Renders

86 88 90 94 104 108 110 112 114 116

Future Scope Time Line Word of Appreciation Reference

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Introduction - Abstract This project is trying to showcase the scenario of near future, where the roborace becomes more thrilling and advance sport than ever before. So, for matching the AI intelligence author created the mean machine representing Mercedes. The main idea is to eliminate the weakest link of any race car present today which is ‘Human Driver’. By use of lightweight materials, advance aerodynamics and efficient energy technology this car is trying to push the boundaries of a race car.

For aesthetics, it is based on Mercedes ‘sensual purity’ concept, which has a philosophy of balance between hotness and coolness. So, Author take inspiration from ‘Naked Angel’, so for hotness factor, the sensual curves of the feminine body are taking inspiration for the form of vehicle. Where the coolness factor is achieved by advance aerodynamics. The wing-like aero fins provide cool factor to the vehicle which added aerodynamic stability.

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Project Design Theme

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“Robots are not going to replace humans, they are going to make their jobs much more humane. Difficult, demeaning, demanding, dangerous, dull – these are the jobs robots will be taking.”

Sabine Hauert, Co-founder of Robohub.org

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Initial thoughts Today, in racing world, when race cars are really trying to push their limits. But in near future they will reach at their critical limit. The only reason & the main cause which is the weakest link or we can say the most low efficient part in any present race car is ‘Human Driver‘.Because of their size, safety reasons & weight, they limits the race cars.

approximately 15 drivers who actually driving the cars, but millions of peoples who doesn’t even there find racing motorsport amazing and thrilling because of the fast cars which drivers are driving. Imagine same drivers are driving regular cars, in this situation no one find it more thrilling and amazing.

I also get inspired for this from Dog racing, Hot wheels which Also in terms of old (or for some humans current mentality doesn’t includes any human interference but by this aspect also also) mentality which is “Autonomous driving is boring, slow, we find that surprising, fast , and thrilling. So AI can do better than mainly towards safety” etc. My thought is this, because in intelligence AI will simply match or overpower “If we need only brain to operate any race car efficiently the the human brain in near future. why there is need of full human body?”

Why human driver is required, when AI is more focused, efficient, accurate and smart strategist. Also if we see, there is

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Roborace Roborace is the world’s first racing series for humans and artificial intelligence.

It was created to accelerate the development of autonomous software by pushing the technology to its limits in a range of controlled environments.

Also, first competition for human + AI teams, using both self-driving and manually-controlled cars. Race formats will feature new forms of immersive entertainment to engage the next generation of racing fans. Through sport, innovations in machine-driven technologies will be accelerated. Roborace will redefine the way you think about autonomous technology.

It aims to be the first global championship for autonomous cars. As of September 2017, the official CEO is 2016–17 Form ula E champion, Lucas Di Grassi. The series tested their technology and race formats at FIA Formula E Championship events during 2016-2018. In 2019 they announced Season Alpha, which would be the first time multiple independent teams would compete against each other.

All teams will utilize the same chassis and powertrain, but will have to develop their own real-time computing algorithms and artificial intelligence technologies.

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Daniel Simon - The designer Daniel Simon is a German concept designer and automotive include an emotional element, to create a machine that futurist. He is best known for his vehicle designs in movies allows the public to get interested and excited about the like Tron: Legacy and Oblivion and his book Cosmic Motors. rather new and challenging idea of autonomous racing.

He is the Chief Design Officer of Roborace till date.

Engaging specialists in race engineering, battery Roborace founder Denis Sverdlov hired Daniel Simon as systems, and aerodynamics, the car was conceived from Chief Design Officer ( CDO ) in January 2016. He was tasked the beginning as a tightly packaged best-case-scenario, and immediately with creating a functional and iconic vehicle, does not offer any space for a human. The shapes create which would be both an ambassador for the visionary an enormous amount of downforce while maintaining low ideas of Roborace, and a practical development car for the drag, and all sensors are seamlessly integrated. Robocar ultimately envisioned racing series. debuted at the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona 2017, Unusual for a racing car, the design process did not only 12 months after the first sketch. have to follow a regulation. The development could therefore

“In Roborace’s vision of the future designer Daniel Simon gets the 16

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e, the software is the star, but car e Oscar for supporting actor.�

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Seasons

Testing 2016–17 Formula E season Roborace appeared at a number of Formula E events during the 2016–17 Formula E season. However, in this period only test drives with two different DevBots took place. Within the framework of the 2017 Buenos Aires ePrix both DevBot vehicles drove against each other on a race track for the first time. There were

also DevBot demonstrations at the 2016 Marrakesh ePrix, 2017 Berlin ePrix, 2017 New York City ePrix and 2017 Montreal ePrix.

At the 2017 Paris ePrix, the developers also let a Robocar onto the track for the first time, even though the vehicle only drove the track at walking speed.

2017–18 Formula E season At the start of the 2017/18 Formula E season, the Roborace developers once again tested the DevBot during a public time trial between the Roborace CI and the TV presenter Nicki Shields at the 2017 Hong Kong ePrix. As part of a 18

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similar time trial at the 2018 Rome ePrix, drift professional Ryan Tuerck also tested the DevBot. The Human + Machine Challenge was created for the Formula E race on the Berlin ePrix. A team of doctoral

students from the Technical University Munich (TUM) and the University of Pisa programmed the software for the Devbot to drive autonomously around the circuit in Berlin. Afterwards both teams in combination with a human driver competed in a public time trial.

The vehicle of the team of the Technical University Munich finished the Human + Machine Challenge with an average lap time of 91.59 seconds, almost four

seconds faster than that of the University Pisa with 95.36 seconds and thus won the Challenge.

At the Goodwood Festival of Speed, Robocar became the first ever fully autonomous race car to complete the Goodwood Hill Climb. The vehicle completed the first official autonomous run on 13 July 2018 within the framework of the event.

Season Alpha (2019) First Autonomous Overtake Season Alpha took place at various locations in Europe and North America with the aim of testing several competition formats using the new DevBot 2.0. The first event was held at the Monteblanco circuit in Spain, and featured the first

race between two fully autonomous cars.

The events were not broadcast live but recorded and released as short clips on YouTube.Two teams were competing: Arrival and Technical University of Munich.

Guinness World Record Roborace set the Guinness World car in the world, Robocar. The Robocar Record for having the fastest autonomous reached an impressive pace by reaching A master thesis by Pranav Pise

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282.42 kph (175.49 mph) – an average at Elvington in Yorkshire, UK. confirmed by the UK Timing Association

Goodwood Festival of Speed

On 7 July 2019, the Roborace DevBot speed of 162.8 km/h. This is currently 2.0 car set the first ever autonomous the record for autonomous vehicles official timed run at Goodwood Festival of Speed, with a time of 66.96s and a top

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Rules and Regulations SEASON ALPHA HAS 4 ROUNDS –

4. Teams get 30 mins to complete their challenge.

5. With 3 timed lap attempts.

1. Human + A.I. – Time Attack Challenge.

7. Fastest team wins.

RulesEvery team has to drive 1 lap with driver and

3. Autonomous Overtaking

second with A.I. Best avg. time will win.

4. Autonomous Race – Rules-

2. Localization challenge in Zala zone –

First team to cross the finish line after 8 laps, Wins.

Rules1. No. GPS – cars can use sensors only including LiDAR, EMU, Wheel speed sensors.

2. 5 sec. penalty for hitting objects.

3. Leaving track boundary = Disqualification.

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Cars - Devbot (Devlopment bot)

Development of the Robocar started in early 2016, with a first outing of a test vehicle, the so-called DevBot, following in the summer of the same year. The test car consisted of the same internal units (battery, motor, electronics) used in the Robocar, but were placed in the chassis of a Ginetta LMP3 car without an engine cover in order to provide better cooling and access.

DevBot saw its first public outing at the Formula E pre-season tests in Donington Park in August 2016. After battery issues in Hong Kong caused the development team to abandon their demonstration run, the DevBot successfully drove twelve laps around the Moulay El Hassan Formula E circuit in Marrakesh.

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Other test tracks included Michelin’s testing ground in Ladoux and the Silverstone Stowe Circuit.

During testing ahead of the 2017 Buenos Aires ePrix, two DevBot cars raced against each other autonomously, resulting in one of the vehicles crashing on a corner.

During the 2018 Formula E season, Roborace pitched prodrifter Ryan Tuerck against a DevBot at the Rome ePrix. At the Berlin ePrix, Roborace held the Human + Machine Challenge, the first race for combined teams of human drivers and AIs using a pair of Devbots.

Devbot 2.0

An upgraded version of DevBot was announced in late changes being a conversion to being driven on the rear axle 2018, and after private testing made its public debut in 2019 only, a lower position for the driver for safety reasons and a at the inaugural Season Alpha event. DevBot 2.0 uses the bespoke composite bodywork same technology as both Robocar and DevBot, with the main

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Robocar The world's first purpose-built autonomous racing car, Robocar, was designed by Daniel Simon, who previously worked on vehicles for movies such as Tron: Legacy and Oblivion, as well as designing the livery for the 2011 HRT Formula One car. Michelin is the official tyre supplier, and the internal computing processors (Drive PX 2) are Nvidia.

It has four electric motors, each with a power of 135 kW producing over 500 hp combined, and utilizes a 840V battery.For navigation, it relies on a mixture of optical systems, radars, lidars and ultrasonic sensors. The vehicle has been demonstrated at speeds of almost 300 km/h (190 mph).

The chassis itself is shaped like a teardrop, improving aerodynamic efficiency.

The car weighs around 1350 kg and is 4.8 metres (16 ft) long and 2 metres (6.6 ft) wide.

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Specs.

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Current Technology

OxTS - Global Positioning System

V2V- Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication

Military grade differential GPS, for positioning of vehicles on the tack.

Each of them can tell the other car the position of it on the track.

LiDAR - Light detection and Ranging These are basically laser scanners, they create for the vehicle a 3D map of the world around it.

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“ Motorsport will always be about who is the best driver but the technology has to evolve so that’s why we created Roborace — not to compete against normal drivers but to go beyond where motorsport can go.”

— Lucas di Grassi, CEO Roborace

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Roborace Robocar for Mercedes Benz

“ Our goal was to create a vehicle that takes full advantage of the unusual opportunities of having no driver, without ever compromising on beauty. Racing engineers and aerodynamicists have worked with me from the beginning to strike that balance.� — Daniel Simon, Chief Design Officer Roborace A master thesis by Pranav Pise

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Mercedes-Benz

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About

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Roborace Robocar for Mercedes Benz

Mercedes-Benz AG is responsible for the global business of MercedesBenz Cars and Mercedes-Benz Vans with over 173,000 employeesworldwide. Ola Källenius is Chairman of the Board of Management of Mercedes-Benz AG. The company focuses on the development, production and sales of passenger cars, vans and services. Furthermore, the company aspires to be leading in the fields of connectivity, automated driving and alternative drives with its forwardlooking innovations. The product portfolio comprises the Mercedes-Benz brand with the sub-brands Mercedes-AMG, MercedesMaybach and Mercedes me - as well as the smart brand, and the EQ product and technology brand for electric mobility.

Mercedes-Benz AG is one of the largest manufacturers of premium passenger cars. In 2019 it sold nearly 2.4 million cars and more than 438,000 vans. In its two business divisions, Mercedes-Benz AG is continually expanding its worldwide production network with over 40 production sites on four continents, while aligning itself to meet the requirements of electric mobility. At the same time, the company is developing its global battery production network on three continents.

Sustainable actions play a decisive role in both business divisions.

To the company, sustainability means creating value for all stakeholders on a lasting basis: customers, employees, investors, business partners and the society as a whole. The basis for this is the sustainable business strategy of Daimler in which the company takes responsibility for the economic, ecological and social effects of its business activities and looks at the entire value chain.

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Mercedes-benz in Motorsport

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HistoryThe two companies which were merged to form the MercedesBenz brand in 1926 had both already enjoyed success in the new sport of motor racing throughout their separate histories. A single Benz competed in the world’s first motor race, the 1894 Paris– Rouen, where Émile Roger finished 14th in 10 hours 1 minute.

The Mercedes Simplex of 1902, built by DMG, was Mercedes’ first purpose-built race car—much lower than their usual designs—which were similar to horse carriages; that model dominated racing for years. In 1914, just before the beginning of the First World War,

the DMG Mercedes 35 hp won the French Grand Prix, finishing 1–2–3.

Karl Benz’s company, Benz & Cie. built the “bird beaked”, Blitzen Benz that set land speed records several times, reaching 228.1 km/h (141.7 mph) in 1911. That record gained that model the reputation of being faster than any other automobile—as well as any train or plane. They constructed many aerodynamically designed race cars.

Today Mercedes Benz Racing or Mercedes AMG motorsport and involved in a range of motorsport activities, including sportscar now for Formulae E the new division known as Mercedes EQ racing and rallying, and is currently active in Formula Three, motorsport. Throughout its long history, Mercedes-Benz has been Formula E and Formula One.

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Mercedes Benz EQ EQ represents intelligent electromobility. For appealing design, extraordinary driving pleasure, high levels of everyday suitability and maximum safety. The new product and technology brand represents “emotion and intelligence�, two Mercedes-Benz brand values.

produce ten EQ models by 2022, three of which will have the Smart brand, representing between 15% and 25% of the company's global sales. All of Mercedes-Benz electric vehicle design and production efforts will target the EQ family.

Mercedes-Benz EQC, the first member of the EQ range, was Mercedes-Benz EQ is an upcoming series of battery presented at a special event in Stockholm in 2018. electric vehicles to be manufactured by Mercedes-Benz. The first model was previewed at the Paris Motor Show in 2016 with the Generation EQ concept vehicle. Mercedes-Benz intends to

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Design language

The designers at Mercedes-Benz are reconciling tradition and modernity in designing the cars for the future. Their work centres on “Sensual Purity” as an expression of modern luxury. The new design idiom featuring reduced edges and creases – indentations and recesses in the sheet metal – aims to create clear forms and sensual surfaces which showcase high tech while also arousing emotions. Design creates something out of the ordinary and makes a major contribution to shaping the brand image. For Mercedes-Benz designers, good design has to be both beautiful and intelligent.

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Sensual Purity - Progressive Luxury

Sensual Purity - Modern Luxury

Sensual Purity - AMG Performance Luxury

Sensual Purity - Ultimate Luxury

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Hot & Cool

The philosophy of sensual purity expresses an essential aspect of the brand – the bipolarity of emotion and intelligence. For the designers good design has to be beautiful and intelligent, or – brought to a point – hot and cool. The products of Mercedes-Benz make it easy to fall in love with them, and they are irresistible – in short: they are hot. That is expressed by one aspect of the brand core, symbolized by Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler, which harks back to the era of the early racing and classic cars.

The other aspect, represented by Carl Friedrich Benz, stands for the rationale, reduction and technic – the products are cool like something surprisingly, which was never seen before. The designers create with that philosophy not only automobiles but also a world of modern luxury. The design philosophy is defined by the design code. It is based on six guidelines and appropriately interpreted for each model. Thereby each vehicle is given its own unique character, but always remains recognizable as a Mercedes-Benz.

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Why Mercedes ?

Throughout its long history, Mercedes-Benz has been involved in a range of motorsport activities, including sports-car racing and rallying, and is currently active in Formula Three, Formula E and Formula One. And actually they are leading some of them like F1. Mercedes actually uses some parts or technology in their motorsports for their latest production vehicle line-up.

So, as their more interest in motorsport and their strategy they car easily participate in ROBORACE in future.

Latest example is that they are introduced their first hyper car Mercedes AMG-Project ONE, as a “F1 technology on the road.� In this car, they using same Engine & transmission of their Formulae 1 car.

Because of ahead in Motorsport and more experience they have more advantage in Roborace than any other brands in aerodynamics and racing technology.

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Apart from that they have other benefits like getting more information of AI technology from software brands, creating stronger algorithms which can be later used in daily autonomous vehicles, taking EQ brand further etc.

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idea Bra

nd

Scenario predictio n

Research S tu

dy

Benchmarking

Ideation Inspirat

& Creat ion ion

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Roborace Robocar for Mercedes Benz

Execut

Methodology

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Brief

To design a Roborace robocar (Autonomu Purity’ design approch for year 2030

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Roborace Robocar for Mercedes Benz

us Racer) for Mercedes-Benz by taking ‘Sensual

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Scenario

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Championship Scenario 2030

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Rules

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Design Benchmarking & Basic Archetecture

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Ideation

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Theme 1

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Key 1

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Final Direction

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Exploration 1

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Exploration 2

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Side Exploration

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Final Keysketch

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After taking various themes, combining different aspects of hotness & coolness factors; this is the final sketch of the concept.

Here hotness is defined by the sensual curves & form which is taken from feminine body. Where side view is inspired by the curves of female model which is at erotic pose. Where top view is inspired by the curves taken from front posture of the female body. Sensuality gives beauty and hot aspect to the concept.

Now, for balancing with this sensual hotness, coolness is taken from two aspects, Aerodynamics as a functionality and for visualization the flappers and spoiler which has active aero functions is inspired by the angel wings. The small size and uniformly distribute flappers when comes out from the body it give the stance like angle is about to taken out her wings in going to fly. This works both ways, functionally and aesthetically.

Also, the AI unit is placed under the teardrop shaped body for better aerodynamic efficiency. also for the better air flow the wheel arches have better opening. The big rear diffuser also provides better balance to the vehicle.

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Specifications Length ------------------------------------- 4855 mm Width --------------------------------------- 2060 mm Height -------------------------------------- 1200 mm Wheel base ------------------------------- 2750 mm Tires & Wheels ------------------------- Michelin Pilot sport All Weather tire Front 18 inch dia.

Rear 20 inch dia.

Motors ------------------------------------- 4 Motors 150 kW each.

Power -------------------------------------- 700 hp (Approx.)

Weight ------------------------------------- 900 kg (Approx.)

Battery ------------------------------------- Divided in two With super-capacitor attached 540 KW - 840 v 82

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Blueprint

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CAS model - (Alias)

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Livery Design

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Concept Livery Design

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Studio Renders

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STUDIO RENDERS A master thesis by Pranav Pise

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Design Attributes

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Hotness & Coolness

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Tech Details - Aerodynamics

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Exploded View

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Basic working of Sensors 1. Lidar Sensor - This is a method for measuring distances (ranging) by illuminating the target with laser light and measuring the reflection with a sensor. Differences in laser return times and wavelengths can then be used to make digital 3-D representations of the target. Which is used for creating temprory 3d mapping of tracks.

Sensors & Vents

2. Ultrasonic Sensors - Their range can be limited to just a few metres in most applications, but they are ideal for providing additional sensing capabilities to support low-speed use cases.

3. AI cameras - Though they provide accurate visuals, cameras have their limitations.

They can distinguish details of the surrounding environment, however, the distances of those objects needs to be calculated to know exactly where they are. It’s also more difficult for camera-based sensors to detect objects in low visibility conditions, like fog, rain or nighttime.

4. Laser LED lamps - Helps for communicating with other racer in low visibility conditions like fog, rain or nighttime.

5. GNSS antenna - Because this vehicle has OxTS,GNSS Antennas are the main interface between the GNSS satellite constellations and GNSS receivers. They capture the L-band signals transmitted from space, which is the waveband used by many GNSS satellites constellations for broadcasting.

7. EQ projector - For Projection of information related vehicle like at night Rank,No, Category same as present LMR carsh showing through side LED displays.

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The Architecture

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Future Scope • The AI algorithms can be used later on for daily driving situations. Also can be use for other services and applications.

Basically there will be wide opportunity for advanced AI to help humanity in any possible ways.

• By merging the automotive, softwares and robotic technology brands together, there will be bright future and unlimited possibilities ahead.

• In future will be possible to connect and communicate with AI (AI-Humans / AI-AI).

• Further it can be explore the limits of hardwares, electronics and Aerodynamics technology, which later used in other applications.

• To make championships more thrilling and explore the limits of ground vehicle, Hot-wheels inspired crazy tracks can be added later on.

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Research ------------------------ 105 days approx.

Brief Finalization ------------- 6 days

Ideation -------------------------- 37 days approx.

Concept Finalization ------- 30 days approx.

CAD Modeling --------------- 25 days approx.

Jan Documentation -------------- 65 days approx.

Internship --------------------- 60 Days

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Timeline

Feb

March

April

May

June

July

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Word of appreciation

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Bibilography/ Referance Roborace 1. “Introducing ‘RoboRace’ - a Motorsport with Zero Humans”. www.sytner.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-10-06.

2. “Formula E is planning the first racing series for driverless cars”. engadget.com. 28 November 2015.

3. “Formula E & Kinetik announce driverless support series”. fiaformulae.com. 27 November 2015.

4. “HRT livery to be done by Daniel Simon”. motorsport.com. 24 January 2011.

5. “Roborace stellt Michelin als Reifenpartner vor”. e-formel.de. 16 December 2016.

6. “Go, Autonomous Speed Racer, Go! NVIDIA DRIVE PX 2 to Power World’s First Robotic Motorsports Competition”. blogs.nvidia.com. 5 April 2016.

7. “Roborace debuts their driverless “Robocar” on track at the Paris ePrix”. 20 May 2017. Retrieved 21 May 2017.

8. Burgess, Matt (2018-03-03). “Roborace is building a 300kph AI supercar – no driver required”. Wired UK. ISSN 1357-0978. Retrieved 2019-05-31.

9. “Driverless Car makes History on the Streets of Paris” (PDF). Roborace. 20 May 2017.

10. “Formula E announces 300kph ‘RoboRace’ championship”. wired.co.uk. 27 November 2015.

11. “Roborace DevBot debuts at Donington”. current-e.com. 24 August 2016.

12. “Roborace: Erfolgreicher Test in Marrakesch”. e-formel.de. 12 November 2016.

13. Kelion, Leo. “Driverless Roborace car crashes at speed in Buenos Aires”. BBC News Online. Retrieved 20 February 2017.

14. https://www.engadget.com/2018/05/14/roborace-self-driving-car-versus-human/ 15. Gitlin, Jonathan M. (2018-10-16). “Roborace wants the future of racing to be AI plus humans, working together”. Ars Technica. Retrieved 2019-05-31.

16. “The new DevBot 2.0 autonomous racer looks wild”. Top Gear. 2018-11-09. Retrieved 2019-05-31.

17. Institute of Automotive Technology. “Research Group Vehicle Dynamics, Project Roborace: Autonomous Motorsport” (in German). Retrieved 2019-01-30.

18. Laura Goudkamp, Bayerischer Rundfunk (2018-06-06). “Roboter-Rennauto vs. Mensch: Mit einem Algorithmus beim Roborace 2018 zum Sieg? | BR.de”.

Retrieved 2018-08-17.

19. “Fast and Driverless: Munich Roborace Victory |} NVIDIA Blog”. The Official NVIDIA Blog. 2018-06-29. Retrieved 2018-08-17.

20. Matt Kew, James Newbold (2018-07-13). “Roborace car completes autonomous Goodwood hillclimb run”. Autosport.com. Retrieved 2018-08-13.

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A master thesis by Pranav Pise

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