PHRM8406 Digital Comms 2023

Welcome to the second issue of our class magazine. This edition takes a myriad of looks at Womens’ Health

Editor’s Note Womens’ Health. A catch-all phrase, that can mean everything or nothing.

As health educators and communicators, we take the Center for Disease Control’s definition of Women’s health as strategies that help improve the well-being of women and girls. In this issue, we take and end to end approach to discussing issues impacting women. From articles on screening as a preventative approach to maintaining health and curbing chronic diseases such as hypertension. To a conversation around issues with menstrual health such as premenstrual dysphoric disorder. We also touch on the various phases of menopause, and debunking myths associated with this lengthy phase of women’s lives.

Since women’s health covers health and well-being, we also take a healthy look

Otito Iwuchukwu Editor-in-Chief

well-being in the different phases of a woman’s life. As we age, self care should look different.Taking a cue from the changing seasons, we present self care strategies for the different seasons of a woman’s life.

I hope you enjoy reading this issue as much as our authors enjoyed putting it together. To your health and ours!

“As women age, self care should look different...”

DECEMBER 2023 ISSUE 2

at different methods for self-care and

Women’s Health: Screening is for everyone Bridging the gap in preventative healthcare: Screening strategies for women Authors: Zellie Charles, Ruth Otero, Saifu Alharazim

Ladies, have you ever considered that routine health screenings could be the shield protecting your future wellbeing? Ready to armor up?

Women’s health is an underlooked and commonly underserved areas that may not make the news. Every day a wide variety of women suffer from illnesses and diseases which could have been prevented with simple screening. Screening is defined as a medical test or procedure performed on a person to assess their likelihood of having a particular disease. Regular screening is not used to diagnose diseases rather it is used to identify potential risks of having or preventing illnesses. While screening is an effective way of maximizing patients' quality of life; yet many people do not take the necessary steps of getting checked.

Some additional benefits of getting screened as early detection, preventative care, and promoting healthy habits that can prevent illnesses.

Screenings are conducted across a broad spectrum of age groups, spanning from infancy to old age.

Women are encouraged to adhere to age-specific recommendations in order to cultivate a healthier lifestyle. Undergoing these routine screenings, women tend to have a higher chance of receiving timely treatment and achieving positive outcomes.

While screening is essential, it is important to note that screening tests can yield a significant number of false positives and false negatives.

False positives occur when there appears to be a significant change, though in reality, no such change has taken place. Conversely, false negatives happen when there seems to be no significant change despite the presence of a meaningful signal.

False positives can lead to anxiety and invasive procedures in individuals who do not have the disease while false negatives lead to delay in diagnosis and treatment care in those with the actual disease.

Even though there are ups and downs when it comes to screening, it is highly recommended for women to get regular screening done.

As great as the benefits of screening are, many individuals are not aware of how to or where they can take advantage of these services. Even if patients feel fine and healthy they should take the necessary steps in regular screening. Sometimes it may be as a result of low basic health literacy, health insurance, long travel distance, availability of facilities, and many more. Despite this limitation, every woman should be educated on the various types of screening available to them. Regular screening can be performed at patients' primary care physician offices, clinics, and even pharmacies. Based on the US Preventive Services Task Force list published, there are screening guidelines for women of various age brackets; 18–64 years of age and greater than 65 years. Having these screening tests readily accessible to women not only helps detect possible illness but to empower and educate women.

Educating women on taking care of their bodies leads to a better and healthier lifestyle, improves selfconfidence, positivity, and awareness

Screening for Blood Pressure Myth: I feel fine, I can't have high blood pressure!

Sexual Transmitted Infections (HIV, Chlamydia, Syphilis, Gonorrhea) Myth: You only need testing if you are promiscuous.

High blood pressure (hypertension) also known as the silent killer is a health condition that can go undetected for long periods of time and can potentially lead to death.

Women who are 18 years or older should have their blood pressure checked to minimize the risk of developing serious problems such as heart attacks and strokes. The normal range for blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg and women who fall into this range should have their blood pressure retested every 2 years.

Women who have elevated blood pressure between the ranges 120/80 to 139/89 mmHg should have their blood pressure assessed regularly.

Those who have blood pressure levels that are continuously greater than 140/90 mmHg are in crisis and should seek medical attention immediately.

Having your blood pressure checked regularly is important because high blood pressure as can lead to many health complications. Most people who have high blood pressure do not have any signs or symptoms thus measuring, either at home with a blood pressure monitor or at the doctors office during routine checks is the only way to determine if someone has it.

There are various misconceptions about Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) like the one mentioned above that cause stigma around getting regularly tested.

Some of them nurture the idea that only gay men can get these diseases or only if they have multiple partners. 1 in 5 people in the USA have an STI and almost half were among youth ages 15 to 24 per CDC studies in 2018. In 2021 more than 2.5 million cases of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis were reported. There was an increase in all of these diseases including congenital syphilis affecting newborns in the past 5 years.

Therefore, talking with your provider to get regular check-ups can have many benefits like protecting yourself, and your partner's health, reducing transmission of STIs, and preventing long-term health conditions as STIs are more effectively treated when they are diagnosed early. If it is left untreated STIs can cause: long-term pelvic/abdominal pain, inability to get pregnant or pregnancy complications, and increased risk of giving or getting HIV.

Pap Smears Myth: Pap Smears Are Only Required for Sexually Active Women

Papanicolaou test (Pap Smear) is a procedure to test for precancerous and cancerous cells in the cervix in women. There were 11,542 new cases of Cervical cancer in the US among women, and 4,273 died because of this cancer in 2020. Pap smears have decreased cervical cancer incidence and mortality by more than 50% in the past 30 years. Starting at age 21 it is recommended to be tested every 3-5 years. After age 65 or older or when a total hysterectomy is done your provider may consider stopping this procedure. Pap smears are useful in that your doctors can detect precancerous cells and treat them to prevent cancer from developing,

Mammogram Screening

Osteoporosis screening

Myths: Breast self-exams are just as effective as mammograms

Myths: Osteoporosis is a disease of the elderly

Breast cancer has the second highest mortality rate among cancers in women. Though breast cancer is a deadly disease, it is highly treatable if it is detected early. A mammogram is an X-ray image of the breast that doctors can use to detect the presence of cancerous tumors in the breast. A mammogram plays a crucial role in safeguarding and promoting overall breast health as it improves quality of life and can reduce the mortality rate of breast cancer by 40%. It can detect breast cancer in the early stages where treatment is most successful. Women who are ages 18 through 39 generally do not need to have a mammogram done unless they have a family history of breast cancer, specific gene mutations, or have previously received radiation therapy to the breast. In May 2023, the USPSTF issued a draft update to its mammogram recommendations, proposing that women at average risk of breast cancer start mammograms at age 40 and have a mammogram every other year.Black women are 40 percent more likely to die from breast cancer than White women and too often get aggressive cancers at young ages. Ensuring Black women start screening at 40 is key to reducing disparities.

Osteoporosis is also referred to as the “disease of bones”. Approximately 54 million adults ages 50 and older in the USA have low bone mass or osteoporosis . It is more likely to be seen among Caucasian and Asian women than men. As a result, 1 in 2 women older than 50 years will break a bone due to osteoporosis. To prevent falls and fractures from happening, regular screening should be done. From ages 18 to 64 there is no routine recommended to be followed but if you experience early menopause, have a family history, low weight, and prior fractures you can talk to your provider about your concerns. By ages 65 and older it is recommended to get tested for osteoporosis at least once. The most common test is called dual-energy xray absorptiometry (DXA) which measures bone mineral density (BMD). BMD measures the amount of calcium and other minerals in the bones, the less it has the more probability of a bone fracture. The test helps the provider assess the use of any treatment to prevent fractures, falls prevention, and improve quality of life.

Screenings Save Lives Ladies, your health is your greatest asset! Regular health screenings serve as an essential tool in safeguarding it.

Prioritizing health screenings for diseases such as cancer or hypertension can enhance the effectiveness of treatment options by detecting potential issues early. Take charge of your well-being by making proactive health choices that contribute to a longer and healthier life.

Schedule those screenings, prioritize self-care, and encourage one another to do the same. Your health is a journey, and by embracing frequent screenings, you can take charge of your health in every way..

References 1. Givler DN, Givler A. Health Screening. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; February 19, 2023.

2. Løberg M, Lousdal ML, Bretthauer M, Kalager M. Benefits and harms of mammography screening. Breast Cancer Res. 2015;17(1):63.

Published 2015 May 1. doi:10.1186/s13058-0150525-z 3. Ferrer-Urbina R, Pardo A, Arrindell WA, Puddu-Gallardo G. Comparison of false positive and false negative rates of two indices of individual reliable change: Jacobson-Truax and Hageman-Arrindell Methods. Frontiers. June 23, 2023. Accessed November 19, 2023. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsy g.2023.1132128/full.

4. WellBadger Resource Center. Recommended Women's Health Screenings & Appointments by Age. Available: https://www.wellbadger.org/s/article/Recommen ded?language=en_US 5. Guirguis-Blake JM, Evans CV, Webber EM, Coppola EL, Perdue LA, Weyrich MS. Screening for Hypertension in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.

JAMA.2021;325(16):1657–1669. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.21669 6. SM; S. N. (n.d.). The 2018 AHA/ACC/MultiSociety Cholesterol Guidelines: Looking at past, present and future. Progress in cardiovascular diseases. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31733217/ 7. Fontham ETH; Wolf AMD; Church TR; Cervical cancer screening for individuals at average risk: 2020 guideline update from the American Cancer Society. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32729638/ 8. US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2021;326(8):736–743. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.12531 9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Data & Statistics. Available: https://www.cdc.gov/std/statistics/default.htm

THE PILLS OF POSSIBILITIES: PLAN B, OPILL, AND WOMEN'S HEALTH Written by: Husnia Kakari, Kaitlyn Kirkpatrick, Alexis Tiger

As females, we want to have the best opportunities in the world.

Our value should not be limited to the household and our families, but should be expanded to the workforce as well. What we call pills of possibilities can make that happen.

Did you know that during the 19th century, the number of women in the labor force was much lower, because they stayed home.

Nobel Prize winner Claudia Goldin demonstrated the decrease of women in the labor market during the 19th century who were getting married and had no access to birth control. However, during the early 20th century, the curve shifted upwards, demonstrating the gradual increase of women back in the workforce thanks to the access to the contraceptive pill. ⁶ Contraception has played a revolutionary role by offering new opportunities for career planning.

It is important to know about safe over the counter contraceptives available for preventing pregnancy.⁶ Currently, there are two over-the-counter options available for easy access without a prescription from the doctor. The first is an emergency contraceptive called Plan B™, which is taken after unprotected sex, and works by preventing fertilization of the egg, and subsequent unintended pregnancy. The second option is a hormonal birth control pill called Opill™, which is taken by mouth daily, and works by thickening the cervical mucus, preventing sperm from reaching the egg.

Read further for more information on both options.

Access to contraception gave women the freedom to pursue career paths that were previously limited by the uncertainties of family planning.¹

Contraceptive access not only expanded women’s career opportunities but also contributed to reducing the gender wage gap.²

The advent of the birth control pill marked a turning point, allowing women to invest more in their education and careers.³

Option 1: Plan B™ Plan B™, the brand name for Levonorgestrel, is a safe and effective over the counter medication which can be used when a woman has unprotected vaginal sex to prevent pregnancy. This medication can also be used if other forms of birth control (like condoms or daily birth control pills) fail; it can also be used if a woman missed one or more doses of their birth control pill and had sex. This medication is NOT an abortion pill. This medication works to prevent pregnancy by temporarily delaying ovulation. The sooner the medication is taken, the better it works, and it can be taken up to 72 hours after the sexual encounter.⁵ Option 2: Opill™ Opill™ is the first ever over-the-counter progesterone-only, estrogen-free birth control. When Opill™ is used as directed, it is 98% effective at preventing pregnancy. This requires that patients take the medication at the same time every day and should not be taken later than 3 hours following the previous days dose. It starts to work 48 hours after initiation. Opill™ provides reversible birth control with no delay in return to fertility or impact on future fertility after discontinuation. There are no examinations or testing required before starting, and It Is generally well tolerated In terms of side effects, with the most common side effect being irregular menstrual bleeding. The health benefits of taking hormonal contraception, goes beyond just the prevention of pregnancy. There are several potential benefits associated with taking “the pill,” and it’s important to note that individual experiences may vary.⁴ Beyond Contraception For many women, birth control pills are used for preventing pregnancy. But for women who are not sexually active, the reasons for taking the pill are vast. Reducing pain associated with menstruation and regulating the cycle are two of the most common reasons outside of contraception. For adolescent girls, their bodies are learning how to regulate these new hormones, and as a result they may experience heavy bleeding, painful cramps, and irregular periods. It may take years for their body to settle into a regular cycle.

Hormonal birth control can afford to these young women a regulated cycle, with reduced cramps, lighter periods, and return to activities that they may have missed out on if not controlled.⁸ Impact of Unintended Pregnancy Unintended pregnancy is a pregnancy that is unwanted or mistimed. Most of these pregnancies result from not using contraception, or from using it incorrectly or inconsistently. This is associated with a higher risk of problems for mother and child. Mom may have unhealthy behaviors or delay seeking medical care, which may adversely affect the health of the baby, and may lead to higher rates of maternal depression.⁷ Why more women don’t use contraception Many sexually active women do not use contraception due to barriers to access, including prescription requirements, money constraints, inability to take off from school or work to visit a healthcare practitioner, and a lack of clinics offering a full range of contraceptive options.

A lack of knowledge and misinformation are common among consumers and providers. Many individuals worry about the risks that come with taking contraception. Adolescents are worried that their privacy may not be protected and their parents will be notified if they are taking birth control. There are also misperceptions about exams and screening being required before starting to take contraception.

Pelvic and breast examinations, cervical cancer screening, and sexually transmitted infection screening are not required before initiating hormonal contraception and should not be used as reasons to deny access to hormonal contraception.

- ACOG

Common Side Effects seen with Plan B & Opill

NAUSEA AND VOMITING Do not eat anything before taking the pill to avoid these symptoms

HEADACHE, FATIGUE, DIZZINESS Rest and avoid strenuous physical activity

ABDOLMINAL PAIN BREAST TENDERNESS Symptoms will improve and diminish throughout the cycle

-Take a painkiller such as Ibuprofen to relieve symptoms.

-Use a heating pad to relax tensed, cramped muscles.

**Side effects vary from one individual to another.

Some may experience one side effect, many side effects or no side effects.

BLEEDING BETWEEN PERIODS (Plan B only) Or Irregular period The bleeding may come sooner or later than expected

**Talk to your doctor if you are experiencing heavy bleeding, unmanageable pain and/or dizziness.

**Talk to your pharmacist or doctor before taking this medication if you are currently taking any other over the counter or prescription medications to avoid any interactions.

References: -Credits to Claudia Goldin for quotes 1, 2, 3 4. Opill® Official Site: OTC daily birth control pill. Opill. Accessed December 5, 2023. https://opill.com/ 5. Plan B One-Step®: Morning after pill. Step. Accessed December 5, 2023. https://www.planbonestep.com/ 6. Gazetteterrymurphy. Harvard’s Claudia Goldin awarded Nobel memorial prize in Economic Sciences. Harvard Gazette. November 9, 2023. Accessed December 5, 2023. https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2023/10 /harvard-claudia-goldin-recognized-with-nobel-in-economic-sciences/.

7. Unintended pregnancy. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. March 27, 2023. Accessed December 5, 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/contraception/unintendedpregnancy/index.htm.

8. Over-the-Counter Access to Hormonal Contraception. ACOG Clinical. October 2019. Accessed December 5th, 2023. https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2019/10/over-the-counteraccess-to-hormonal-contraception

T H E

S C I E N C E B E F O R E P E R I O D : P M D D

P R E M E N S T R U A L

D Y S P H O R I C

We’ve all experienced or had a friend who had sudden changes in mood, or picked an argument with a loved one over something that when you think back at, wasn’t worth it.

Did you find yourself wondering what’s wrong with that friend? These are classic symptoms of a phase that we go through as women before our menstrual cycles, called premenstrual syndrome or PMS. This might sound familiar. But, have you ever heard about premenstrual dysphoric disorder or PMDD, which is a serious form of PMS that causes a range of emotional and physical symptoms.

T H E

D I S O R D E R

The reason it occurs is believed to be due to the fluctuations in hormone levels after the ovulation stage (which happens approximately a week after your period stops) in the cycle because estrogen and mainly progesterone levels begin to fall very dramatically and rapidly, and once the period starts is when they start to go back up again.

PMDD is the more extreme version of PMS. It can cause women to feel very nervous, anxious or sad, which can lead to problems with friends or family members.

What is PMDD? A similar condition to PMS, it is a health problem that happens in the week or two before your period starts. Its symptoms are severe and more serious than PMS, and they include: irritability, anxiety and depression. Usually the symptoms fade away two or three days after the start of your period.

What is the Difference Between PMS and PMDD? PMS is a mix of both emotional and physical symptoms, and it is extremely common among women. In fact, over 90% of women get some PMS symptoms such as mood swings, bloating, and headaches about a week or two prior to their period. The range of the severity varies between each woman, some experience symptoms enough to make them miss school or work that day, and other women have milder symptoms.

The symptoms might get worse with age until menopause, at which point the PMS stops.

Who gets PMDD? Any woman can develop PMDD. However, there are certain groups of women that are at a higher risk for experiencing PMDD. Women who have a family history of PMS or PMDD are at greater risk, as well as those with a family history of mood disorders or depression. Since PMDD is linked with the process of menstruation, only women of childbearing age experience this condition. Therefore, it can begin as young as when puberty hits and remain until menopause.

What are the causes?

It's been thought by many scientists that the symptoms of PMDD develop due to the decline of the hormone progesterone in the late luteal phase. This is the phase that prepare the uterus for pregnancy. The luteal phase is a window between day 15 of a 28-day cycle and the start of your period.

During this phase there may be changes in the central nervous system.

Adapted from: Nevada Center for Reproductive Medicine

The exact cause of PMDD is not known, however, there are risk factors that are associated with the development of PMS/PMDD. One of the proven risk factors is post-traumatic events, though the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The second proven risk factor is cigarette smoking. There’s a strong association between smoking and moderate-to-severe forms of PMS. Smoking has been further linked to the development of PMDD, associating the time at which a woman starts smoking to the risk of PMDD. If women begin smoking during adolescence, they are at a higher risk of developing PMDD. Obesity is another risk factor that has been proven to aid in the diagnosis of PMDD.

How is it diagnosed?

PMDD can present similarly to many other medical conditions, therefore it is important to contact your medical provider if you believe you are experiencing PMDD. There are a variety of diagnostic tests that can be used to diagnose PMDD. Typically, your provider will evaluate a complete medical history, physical exam, and pelvic exam to conclude a diagnosis. Since this condition can present through physiological symptoms such as depression and anxiety, your provider may recommend being evaluated for mental health concerns. The diagnosis process can take a year, as most providers will want to track symptoms over the course of several menstrual cycles. A patient must experience 5 or more of the following symptoms during most menstrual cycles. Symptoms* include: Depressed mood Anger or irritability Trouble concentrating Lack of interest in activities once enjoyed Moodiness Increased appetite Insomnia or the need for more sleep Feeling overwhelmed or out of control Other physical symptoms, the most common being belly bloating, breast tenderness, and headache Symptoms that disturb your ability to function in social, work, or other situations Symptoms not related to, or exaggerated by, another medical conditions.

How is it Treated?

Treating PMDD is very important as it can affect woman’s daily life. There are some changes to your lifestyle that can be beneficial before adding medications. Diet plays a big role in the body’s response to the menstrual cycle. Some dietary changes that can be beneficial include increasing the intake of protein and carbohydrates and decreasing the amount of sugar, salt, and caffeine. Adding exercise to your daily routine can be beneficial both mentally and physically.

If these changes are not effective, there are a few types of medications that can be used for the management of symptoms. Some vitamins that can help include B6, calcium, and magnesium. For the management of pain, such as abdominal cramps, antiinflammatory medications can be used.

Anti-inflammatory medications include Tylenol and Advil. If depression and anxiety are the main symptoms, the doctor may prescribe a class of medications known as SSRIs, or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Birth control pills can also be used to regulate hormones throughout the month.

How it affects the people around you?

As we discussed, PMDD can cause one to be extremely irritable, sad, and angry. All of which can not only affect the person experiencing the symptoms a bad quality of life, but it also affects the people around you significantly.

Loved ones, partners, family, friends, and work colleagues can sense a change in behavior and they might be concerned and want to help, but it can be very confusing to them at the same time. They may feel like they are to blame for the way someone is acting if they have PMDD, or even angry because the problems and arguments keep escalating with no desire to solve them. This is why education and spreading awareness on conditions such PMDD and PMS is vital because it can help both men and women understand the reasons behind the sudden changes, that way, it can be easier to find solutions and ways to handle it accordingly and provide support. A good starting point is realizing what symptoms you might be experiencing, and keeping track of the days they start and their severity throughout your cycle.

That way, if you do decide to get a consultation from your doctor, you can have a document ready with your concerns.

If you or someone you know is experiencing signs and symptoms of PMDD, reach out to your medical provider promptly. It is important to recognize what those around you may be going through and be kind. Support is the best medicine.

References Mishra S, Elliott H, Marwaha R. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532307/ Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Johns Hopkins Medicine. November 19, 2019. Accessed December 5, 2023. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/premenstrualdysphoric-disorder-pmdd.

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) | Office on Women’s Health. Accessed December 5, 2023. https://www.womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrualsyndrome/premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd. *List of symptoms for diagnosis provided by: Hopkins Medicine

What the Stop?

The Many Pauses Before Menopause Pavneet Kaur and Sarah Elhalawani “I’m a 47 year old woman, who was happy that I would not get my period or cramps anymore. I had hit menopause (earlier than most). But no one told me what I'd go through during the process. It was a roller coaster ride that no one ever prepared me for. Some days I feel so hot while other days I’m freezing in my own house with the heat on. I wished I had the courage to speak to my gynecologist so I could have been prepared for this ride.”

Understanding the stages of menopause is crucial in understanding the experiences women undergo during this journey. From the start of perimenopause, characterized by fluctuating hormone levels, to the cessation of menstruation in postmenopausal, each stage brings different challenges

Stages of Menopause: There are the 3 stages to menopause which are perimenopause, menopause, and postmenopause. Many physical and mental changes happen in the body due to the different levels of hormones in each 3 stages.

Pause 1: Perimeno...

Perimenopause is the stage before the menopause even happens. Perimenopause happens in the late 30s and early 40s until a woman's period stops fully.

During the perimenopause the estrogen levels in the woman's body starts to drop slowly. But during perimenopause women still get their menstrual cycle and can become pregnant. The symptoms of perimenopause are mood swings, changes in sexual desire, headaches, vaginal dryness, trouble sleeping, joint and muscle pain, and lastly night sweats.

Telling your provider your symptoms, age, medical history, and doing a physical exam can help them diagnose you. There is no treatment for perimenopause, but many providers might prescribe antidepressants such as Lexapro to help stabilize the mood. While other providers might recommend lifestyle changes such as exercising regularly, taking calcium supplements daily, and increasing the intake of fruits, vegetables, and grains.

Pause 2: Meno...

Pause 3: Post-meno...

Menopause stage is when a woman does not get her menstrual period. The diagnosis of menopause by a healthcare provider comes when a woman does not get her period for 12 months. During the menopause, the ovaries have stopped releasing eggs leading to a drastic decrease in estrogen. The transitions from perimenopause to menopause can start in the mid-40s and go into mid-50s.

Even though the average American woman reaches menopause at 51. The symptoms a woman may experience during menopause are hot flashes, weight gain, hair loss, decrease in sex drive, mild depression, increase in anxiety, breast tenderness, urinary urgency, irritability, and vaginal dryness. The symptoms of menopause can last up to 10 years. There is no treatment for menopause since it is a biological process, but there are drugs that can provide symptom relief.

The drug therapies include hormonal therapy and nonhormonal therapy. The hormonal therapy includes Estrogen therapy and Estrogen/Progesterone therapy. Whereas non hormonal therapy includes changing your diet (increasing fiber and protein intake, fruits, and grains) exercising, and joining support groups.

Postmenopause happens when a woman hasn't had her period for a year or more. Even though periods stop, some women might still have mild hot flashes because of lower hormone levels. During this time, the ovaries make very little estrogen and progesterone, which can lead to health issues like osteoporosis and heart disease.

Managing postmenopausal symptoms often involves various treatments. For instance, antidepressants can help with mood swings or depression, while vaginal creams alleviate discomfort during sexual intercourse and address vaginal dryness.

Additionally, medications like gabapentin may provide relief from hot flashes. Lifestyle adjustments are also crucial in managing postmenopausal symptoms. Regular exercise, meditation, and relaxation techniques can assist in handling depression, whereas adopting a plant-based diet rich in whole grains, flaxseed, chickpeas, and legumes has shown benefits in symptom management.

Conclusion: Menopause should not put a stop on your life. Don’t stop screening, see the article on screening. Don’t stop self care, see the article on self care.

Myths Menopause happens suddenly.

Debunked: Menopause is a gradual process that can span several years. It starts with perimenopause, a transitional phase where menstrual periods become irregular before eventually stopping completely. It's not an abrupt event but a gradual hormonal shift.

Weight gain during menopause is inevitable.

Debunked: While hormonal changes during menopause can contribute to weight gain, it's not an unavoidable outcome. Healthy eating habits and regular exercise can help manage weight and maintain overall health during and after menopause.

Menopause only affects older women.

Debunked: While menopause typically occurs in women in their late 40s or early 50s, it can happen earlier due to various factors such as genetics, surgery, or medical treatments. Some women experience early menopause in their 30s or early 40s.

Menopause means the end of sexuality.

Debunked: Menopause doesn’t signify the end of a woman's sex life. While changes in hormone levels might lead to vaginal dryness or discomfort during intercourse, there are treatments available to alleviate these symptoms. With communication and possible adjustments, many women maintain satisfying sexual relationships during and after menopause.

Refrences: What Is Menopause? National Institute on Aging. Published September 30, 2021. noble.dana. Menopause facts vs. fiction: The truth behind the myths. Mayo Clinic Press.

Published August 14, 2023. https://mcpress.mayoclinic.org/women-health/commonmyths-of-menopause/ 7 Misconceptions About Menopause. Healthline. Published September 19, 2022. https://www.healthline.com/health/menopause/menopause-misconceptions

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the only solution for menopause symptoms.

Debunked: Hormone replacement therapy can be effective in managing menopause symptoms, but it's not the only option. There are various treatments and lifestyle changes available to address symptoms like hot flashes, mood swings, and vaginal dryness. These include alternative medications, natural remedies, and lifestyle adjustments tailored to individual needs.

It's important to recognize that menopause affects each woman differently. Debunking these myths can help women navigate this phase of life with a clearer understanding of what to expect and how to manage its effects.

Blossoming through the years: Seasonal strategies for self-care As we age; self-care should look different Spring: Young Adulthood Imagine spring as the time when life starts coloring outside the lines. It's like your body hits the play button on changes. Suddenly, you're not the same as before. This is the time you start growing up, and it's a bit like watching a flower bloom. One of the first signs of spring in your life is when you notice your periods. It's like a monthly reminder that your body is waking up, ready for the journey ahead. Just like the flowers that bloom and the trees that sprout new leaves, your body is gearing up for something big. This is the starting point of the different seasons in a woman's life.

Spring is like the spark, the beginning of a story that unfolds as you grow. It's not just about physical changes; it's about discovering who you are and what makes you unique. Just like the first green buds on trees, you're beginning to express yourself in new ways.Sometimes, spring can be confusing. Your body might feel like a puzzle, and you're figuring out how the pieces fit together. It's normal to have questions and feelings you haven't experienced before. But remember, just as spring leads to summer, these changes are part of the natural progression of life. Embrace the energy of spring in your journey through womanhood. It's a season of growth, learning, and discovering the beautiful complexities that make you who you are.

It's essential to prioritize hygiene. Keep tampons handy for your period and embrace self-care practices to make the experience more comfortable for young girls. Remember, getting your period is a natural part of womanhood, and there's nothing to be ashamed of—it's empowering and uniquely yours. So, as you step into this season, know that you're not alone.

Spring is a shared experience, a collective journey into the vibrant tapestry of womanhood where every petal and every step forward is a unique and beautiful part of your story.

Self-Care Tips: Regularly wash your intimate areas with mild soap and water to stay fresh and prevent infections. Select tampons or pads that suit your comfort and flow needs for a more pleasant experience. Change tampons or pads every few hours to maintain cleanliness and reduce the risk of discomfort or irritation.

Summer: Blooming Womanhood Think of summer as the best time of the year, when everything's going well, and you're feeling awesome. But just like you take care of a garden to keep it healthy, you've got to look after yourself. It is critical to remember that regular checkups are the ongoing care that ensures long-term health.

In this sunny season, going for regular health check-ups is like giving your body a little sunshine too. Picture it like a gardener checking on plants to make sure they're growing okay. For you, it means things like mammograms (checking your breasts) and Pap smears (checking your cervix). These checks are like keeping an eye out for any tiny issues before they become big problems.

Just as a gardener waters plants to keep them happy, these health checks help keep you in good shape.

They're not only for those thinking about having babies but for every woman enjoying the warmth of summer. Going for these regular checks is like using tools to make sure your 'health garden' stays vibrant and strong.

Just like how a gardener enjoys the good times in summer, enjoy this part of your life. Feel great, think about your possibilities, and know that, just like caring for a garden ensures a fruitful harvest, taking care of your health in summer sets you up for a thriving and happy future.

Self-Care Tips: Keep essentials like pain relievers, heating pads, and gentle feminine hygiene products on hand for comfort during your menstrual cycle. Stay hydrated and nourished with over-the-counter electrolyte solutions and healthy snacks to support your body's needs.

Invest in OTC relaxation aids, such as soothing teas or calming scents, to enhance your self-care routine and manage stress.

Autumn: Changes and Seasonal Effects As you get older, it's kind of like the leaves changing colors in autumn – a normal part of growing up. This time, they call it perimenopause, sort of like the warm-up before menopause takes center stage. Just like how autumn brings cooler days and different colors, perimenopause might bring days when you're feeling a bit moody, and your periods start acting up. It's like nature giving you a heads-up that things are changing. Some people experience PMDD, a fancy term for feeling super moody and anxious right before your period shows up. Think of it like a storm brewing before the rain. Dealing with these changes is a bit like figuring out a new season – it takes some getting used to, but with time and a bit of patience, you find your way through the twists and turns. So, embrace the changes, just like you would throw on a cozy sweater when the air gets crisp in the autumn. Like adjusting to a new season, embrace the changes that come with perimenopause.

Self-Care Tips: If mood swings persist and interfere with day-to-day activities, seek professional help for potential solutions. These may include hormone therapy, vitamin D, exercise, and, if necessary, antidepressants or counseling.

Winter: Cold Breaks In life, when tough things happen like losing a job or facing problems in school, it can feel really uncertain and difficult, kind of like the cold winter. Just like we wear warm clothes to stay cozy in winter, taking care of ourselves can be like putting on a protective layer against life's tough moments. This means thinking about our feelings, setting realistic goals, and asking for help when we need it.

Imagine how in winter, we like to wrap ourselves in blankets and drink hot drinks to feel comfortable. Self-care is a bit like that—it's about doing things that make us happy and relaxed.

Whether it's hanging out with friends and family, doing things we love, or simply taking a moment to calm our minds, these self-care actions can make us feel warm inside, even when things are tough. So, when life gets hard, taking care of ourselves is like creating a safe and cozy place within ourselves that helps us stay strong. Taking care of ourselves during challenging times is like wrapping a protective layer around us, similar to wearing warm clothes in winter.

Self Care Tips: Incorporate self-care practices such as journaling, meditation, artwork, and electronic detoxification to create a cozy and resilient space within yourself.

Additional Tips 1. Self-Care Matters: Prioritize your physical and mental well-being with regular self-care routines.

2. Own Your Voice: Speak up and assert yourself —your opinions and feelings are valid.

3. Build Strong Connections: Cultivate meaningful relationships with supportive friends and family.

4. Embrace Individuality: Celebrate your unique qualities and don't compare yourself to others.

5. Educate Yourself: Stay informed about your health, rights, and choices.

6. Set Boundaries: Learn to say no when needed and establish healthy boundaries.

7. Confidence is Key: Believe in yourself and your abilities—confidence shines.

8. Periods Are Normal: Understand and embrace the natural changes in your menstrual cycle.

9. Continuous Learning: Be open to learning and growing throughout your journey.

10. Celebrate Successes: Acknowledge and celebrate your achievements, big or small.

Authors: Marline Ghaly Jeniffer Calcines Kermena Shenouda

Taking Care of Yourself through Life's Seasons Think of your life as a journey through different seasons, just like nature changes from spring to winter. Each part of your life has its own challenges and good times. It's a bit like looking after a garden – you need to pay attention to it.

As you go through these different times, don't forget to get support, understand what's happening, and go for regular check-ups. It's like making sure your garden gets enough water and sunlight. Taking care of yourself, just like a gardener takes care of their plants, keeps you healthy and happy.

So, whether you're in the blooming times or facing a few storms, remember that each part of your journey is important. Every change is like a new flower or leaf in your garden. Be strong, find joy, and take care of yourself through all the seasons of your incredible adventure.