Tran tieu phi (sophie) 57090 part b

PART B: CRITERIA DESIGN

PART B: CRITERIA DESIGN During Criteria Design, we learned how develop a particular technique or tectonic system using computational methods through case-study analysis, parametric modelling and physical prototypes.

B.1. RESEARCH FIELD Biomimicry

What is biomimicry?

A nature-imitating search for new material effects, based on biological precedents – often referred to as biomimicry or biomimetics [1].

Biomimicry is a new discipline which refers to projects and researches about the functionality and performances of nature world. People involve in this discipline are biomimics [2]. They do not use the organisms in the design and innovation but only using the blueprints or the recipes from the organisms for innovation of new materials and designs. These create algorithm that can be put into a software program that analysis a minimum amount of material, as an organism must, for the maximum amount of strength of a parametric mode[3]. Therefore, biomimicry is an incredibly powerful way to innovate sustainable with new material and structure for designs which solves human problems.

1. Branko Kolarevic and Kevin R Klinger, Manufacturing Material Effects (New York: Routledge, 2008), p10 2. TED Talks, Biomimicry In Action, 2015 <https:// www.ted.com/talks/janine_benyus_biomimicry_in_ action?embed=true> [accessed 13 April 2015].

3. Biomimicry Institute, ‘What Is Biomimicry? – Biomimicry Institute’, 2015 <http://biomimicry.org/ what-is-biomimicry/> [accessed 13 April 2015].

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PART B: CRITERIA DESIGN Three ẽexamples solutions for sustainable we can develop from biomimicry.

Sustainability What biomimicry can deliver?

1.

Radical increases in resource efficiency – delivering the same function, but with a fraction of the resource input.

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Shifting from a linear, wasteful, polluting way of using resources to a closed-loop model – resources used and come back to where it was before.

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Changing from a fossil fuel economy to a solar economy.

“If we could learn to make things and do things the way nature does, we could achieve factor 10, factor 100, maybe even factor 1,000 savings in resource and energy use.”[4] 4. TED Talks, Using Nature’s Genius In Architecture, 2015 <https://www.ted.com/talks/michael_pawlyn_using_ nature_s_genius_in_architecture?embed=true> [accessed 10 April 2015].

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PART B: CRITERIA DESIGN

The Eden Project is visitor attraction destination in Cornwall, UK, which contains massive Biomes housing of the largest rainforest and stunning plants for exhibitions.[5]

New technology and materials developed and inspired from biomimicry

high-strength polymer. Three layers put together and weld around the edge of the hexagons and pentagons, and then inflate. These are new technology and materials developed and inspired from biomimicry. They also open a gateway to sustainable for human future.

After, studying pollen grains and radiolaria and carbon moleculeshelped (biomimicry), the most efficient structural solution is using hexagons and pentagons. And to maximize the size of those shapes, a material called ETFE is explored. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a

The Eden Project is a good example of how ideas from

Eden Project

biology can lead to radical increases in resource efficiency.

extra heat in winter. And with less overall weight in the superstructure, there were big savings in the foundations. And at the end, the weight of the superstructure was actually less than the weight of the air inside the building. Therefore, the Eden Project is a good example of how ideas from biology can lead to radical increases in resource efficiency that mentioned before.

The materials can make in units of roughly seven times the size of glass, and they are only one percent of the weight of double-glazing. So that is a factor-100 saving. And the project constructs with less steel. So it can gain more sunlight into the space, which reduces cost for

5. TED Talks, Using Natureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Genius In Architecture, 2015 <https://www.ted.com/talks/michael_pawlyn_using_nature_s_genius_ in_architecture?embed=true> [accessed 10 April 2015].

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B.2. CASE STUDY 0.1

Spanish Pavilion 2005 World Exposition Aichi Japan Foreign Office Architects (FOA) 2005

The project is inspired by honey comb structure [6]. The architects study how honey build an extraordinary structure to store their food. And they explore an algorithm that allows them to figure out and control the sides of the hexagons as well as fabrication process. As the result, the external walls express series of irregular earthenware hexagons of mixed colors. [7] These walls are an outer skin, separated from the inner pavilion which provides interesting lighting effect around the pavilion. This highlights the interaction between internal and external space.

6. Digiitalarchfab.com, 2015 <http://digiitalarchfab.com/portal/ wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Spanish-Pavilion> [accessed 9 April 2015].

7. Galinsky.com, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Spanish Pavilion 2005 Expo Aichi Japan By Foreign Office Architectsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, 2015 <http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/ spainaichi/> [accessed 14 April 2015].

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Changing the images that creates the patterns of the offset hexagon.

The patterns can be varied as many as possible.

Changing the sides of the hexagon to create many unsual shapes and new patterns. The definitionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hexagons are constructed with individual lines, this allows control over the shapes of the hexagon rather than a fix shape.

Matrix of iterations Changing the offset sides of the hexagons.

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From the definition of the Spanish Pavilion, I try to explore the possibilities of the definition, change existing parameters, input geometries and component options.

I also try to produce unexpected outcomes, investigate and push the capabilities of the definition to develop new forms and structure.

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PART B: CRITERIA DESIGN - Matrix of Iterrations

A component ‘‘Graph-Mapping’’ added into the offset component to generate variation in the offset sizes.

Different graphs can create different effect to the offset sizes.

Changing the length of hexagon’s sides as well as graph mapping the size of it.

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PART B: CRITERIA DESIGN - Matrix of Iterrations Components of force spin and point chảarges are applied to the hexagons and then circles with lines are drawn from the charges to create a floating and twisting of lines as well as textture. I tried to create a different design from the hexagon so that is why I try to apply this components onto the hexagons.

The component of Force Spin is substracted from the definition to create a different effect and texture. Different hexagon sides are presents in this definition.

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PART B: CRITERIA DESIGN - Matrix of Iterrations The component of Voronoi was applied onto the pattern of hexagon to create a completely different pattern to the original shapes. The pattern can be varied by the sides of the hexagons.

The component of Kangarooâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s force Ć°is applied on the hexagon grid to create a three-dimension form. This also suggests how the grid can be structure in real-life.

1000 Forces

500 Forces

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4 of the most successful outcomes in three-dimensional

[1]

The pattern is created by graph mapping a series of polygons. This creates a unique texture which totally different from the original form of the algorithm.

They both base on the same concept but by a small part in the algorithm can achieve a whole new form. Therefore, it is powerful to be shown as a successful outcomes than others. The pattern is then extruded to become a three-dimensional.

As an architecture application it can be a second skin of a pavilion as same as

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original project (Spanish Pavilion). However, the effect of lighting reach the space is totally different from the Spanish Pavilion.

This is why the pattern is extruded as the final version of this outcomes. The pattern itself cannot create the lighting effect if it is not extruded. The space can created a pavilion, a place for local residents and visitors to experience.

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[2] In this algorithm, the parametric digital model is created by changing the sides of polygons and graphing the offset inside them.

This explores an interesting form for the pattern which is different from the original algorithm. Similar to the project above, this is a success outcome than others because its concept base on the original project but a small change can generate a new form. Also, the pattern merge and flow through the pattern create a perfect lighting effect when it works as a second skin of a pavilion as well as many others Possible Activities can be provide at the space: • Observing • Learning • Contemplating • Exercising • Walking • Running • Cycling • Commuting • Meeting • Cleaning • Planting • Feeding • Art-making • Music-making • Playing

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[3]

The patterns of the field was created by polygons and spread out on a surface. A dome is created and the pattern is projected onto the surface of the dome to create a pavilion form. This outcome is more success than others outcome because it is an innovation form which derived from a completely different form (polygons). The curves surrounds the dome wraps the effect inside the dome but also work as an outer skin which allows interaction between users. The pavilion is not just a space for local residents and visitors but also animal surround the area. In order to merge the project with the surrounding landscape it can be make out of trees branches and timbers which are environmentally friendly. Also the form of this dome is unique and beautiful in three-dimensional form. The pavilion can also be used for many others activities and performances

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[4] The patterns of the field was elevated off the ground and pipes are applied to the vector lines. This parametric model explore a space which can be occupied by people as well as animals. It provides a shelter for the local area. The pipes can also be pin onto the ground and become a structure for trees to ground surround and merge with it. Overtime, this design can be part of the nature environment at the site.

This is environmentally friendly option for a pavilion at the site. The parametric model is more success than others outcomes because it can be fabricated easily by pipes and lightweight materials but an interesting form can still be presented at the site. Similar to others project above, the pavilion can provide not only just a space for shelter but many others possible activies (mentioned on page 53).

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B. 3. CASE STUDY 2.0

Esplanade Complex Esplanade is by Marina Bay in central of Singapore. It was built over a large scale to reflects the harmonic balance between man and nature. The structure of internal and external express the building as the world’s top performing arts centre , thus bringing Singapore to the forefront of the international arts scene. [8]

The concept behind this project is biomimicry because the concert hall and the theatre are designed to resemble the appearance of a durian and are constructed of spherical concrete roofs and glass panels supported by specially designed framing [9]. The durian-shaped and structure is studied to create sun shading have elaborately designed fins angled in various directions to catch the suns rays as it moves across the sky. The linking garters supported by V-shaped columns are three-dimensional and have been constructed to eliminate electrical distortion, a key factor in providing an interference-free environment for computers.

8. . 1st edn (Singapore: ASIAN BUILDING & CONSTRUCTION 10/6 2001, 2015), pp. 34-37 <http://esplanadesing.com/Downloads/ Media%20and%20Publication%20PDFs/ESP%20011000%20ABC%20vol%2010-6%202001.pdf> [accessed 14 April 2015].

9. Designsingapore.org, ‘President*S Design Award Singapore 2015 - Esplanade - Theatres On The Bay’, 2015 <https://www. designsingapore.org/PDA_PUBLIC/gallery.aspx?sid=108> [accessed 8 April 2015].

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REVERSE-ENGINEER

[1]

[2] the original project, but the direction of the fins are hard to control compare to the original project as they all flow to the same direction. However, the shapes of the fins can be control easily but changing how the shapes are drawn using the points. Also, the algorithm can provide many vector lines and points which can be used to create many more possible new shapes and forms. In the next part of this case study, I will develop many possible ways to change the algorithm so it become a parametric digital model that is completely different from original form but it still maintain the original concept such as, fins, triangles, repeat pattern on a surface and so on.

This is a series of steps which I go through to recreate the building. Firstly, the form was create using surface tool in rhino. Secondly, a series of point explore from the surface using Lunchbox (a plug in of Grasshopper). Thirdly, normal points from the surface are explore above the surface. In math, these normal points can be worked out by finding the vectors in space. Grasshopper shows itself as a powerful program when combine with Rhino as it can work out vectors in spaces using points. Finally, these two layer of points provide points which can be connect to each others and create the durian-shapesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; fins on the surface.

The fins of the form are similar to

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[3]

[4]

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B.4. TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT Surfaces and Meshes

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Patterns are applied

Patterns are applied

Surfaces and Meshes

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Surfaces and Meshes

Patterns are applied

PART B: CRITERIA DESIGN Patterns are applied

Surfaces and Meshes

Different surfaces and meshes are used to explore the shapes of fins patterns. I want to explore these shapes to analysis the bending and folding edges of the parametric.

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Numbers of pattern in vertical and horizontal direction are changed.

Length of the pattern is also changed to different length.

This exploration shows how we can vary the form of the design in many different ways

Frequency of the pattern is changed, this creates the fins with different length

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The structure is piped

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PART B: CRITERIA DESIGN The pattern is explored into frames. From here a series of shapes can be explore from the framing.

Weaverbird is a plug-in in Grasshopper which generate a web from the curves of framing and create a whole new form for the structure, the ofset of the frame inside can be changed by analysis the distance of the frames to the offset.

The thickness of the form can also be changed to create unique forms.

The smoothness of the structure can be changed for variation of forms.

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PART B: CRITERIA DESIGN A code in weaverbird plug-in called stellation is used to develop TOP BOTTOM this parametric model. The code explore a completely new

geometry but still base on the same concept of the original model which contains fins pattern on a surface. The framing is further generated into a new structure, like a wave. This expresses the idea how parametric modelling can develop to a complex structure from just a simple concept.

The algorithm also allow us to control over the lengths of the TOP BOTTOM fins

The number of the fins can also be reduced and increases, TOP BOTTOM which are all controlled by the users. This is why parametric

modelling tools are so powerful as it gives the users full control over it, as they can change it however they want.

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PART B: CRITERIA DESIGN The code stellation can create vảariation in the fins pattern TOP BOTTOM which is more powerful than the reverse engineer process.

A point can be set anywhere in the space and a series of points are generate to calculate the distance between the points and the lines. Length of fins can be variated in a wave pattern rather than just a flats series of number.

The pattern of fins length can be variated using multiple TOP BOTTOM points rather than just one point.

The second way to variate the fins length is changing the TOP BOTTOM frequency of the wave through the mesh.

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PART B: CRITERIA DESIGN` Apart from using points to variate the pattern of fins, We TOP BOTTOM can also use a lines run through the surface. Points can be

explored from the curve and the calculation from the lines to the fins can be variated. This is more successful than the points because it can provide a huge impact onto the mesh and clearly highlight the variation compare to the original form.

Multiple lines can also be used rather than just one line.

TOP BOTTOM

The form of the framing can also be further developed using TOP BOTTOM another code in weaverbird 動which is attractor offset. This

creates a wave pattern within the flowing structure base on the framing concept. This variation explore a possible way to explore the original concept into a parametric model which is completely different.

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PART B: CRITERIA DESIGN A point is used as an attractor can create variation for the TOP BOTTOM pattern which similar to the stellation.

Multiple points are used to create a different effect on the TOP BOTTOM pattern.

A line is used to create a different effect on the pattern.

TOP BOTTOM

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Successful Iterations This is a successful iteration as it explores the structure of the fins on a bending and curve surface. This exploration is useful in the next section of this chapter as it shows how a structure can be built from pipes. In architecture context, This can become second skin of a building which allows interaction between internal and external space.

For environmentally friendly purposes, this can be made out of recycle materials such as plastic.

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Successful Iterations This is a successful iteration compare to others iteration because it creates a movement of wave in the pattern by changing the frequency. This create a wavy effect on the external surface for the form. This is how it can be more interesting than others because it explores the same concept in a different way than others iterations. In term of architecture, this space can provide an interesing lighting effect when light pass through the wavy fins.

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Successful Iterations After exploring the framing of the fins structure, lines of framing are smoothened to create a series of space. This iteration is successful as it can explore a space like a pavilion which the user can use in many different way (see page 53). In architecture term, this pavilion can be constructed using framing and covered by another material to create a smooth surface. I realised that by exploring the framing structure as a basic of my exploration I can learn from it can further explore on it to generate more complex structure. This is the power of parametric tools.

The space allow internal and external interactions.

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Successful Iterations Similar to the previous iteration, this iteration is successful as it is developed into a complex form using the simple framing structure. The fins pattern are now turned into wavy fins pattern which can be controlled by parametric tools, For example the length of the fins can be varies in many different ways, which is useful for final model exploration. The structure carries the main concept of the fins but also it can create the effect of light and dark (see picture below). For further exploration the fins can allow light into the space.

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Successful Iterations This iteration is successful as it explores a completely different form compare to others iterations. It moved completely away from original form and structure. The twisting of the form is an interesting subject to fabrication and exploration. In the next state of this project, fabrication this form can explore the new way to use materials and effects for the final model.

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B.5. TECHIQUE: PROTOTYPES Wood sticks and blue-tack are used to examina the structure of the sphere with pipes. The edges of the stick are connected together which provides flexiblility for the structure as it can bend to form a curve.

This prototype help we figure out the basic structure of the form for further development.

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[1]

Name of chapter

B.5. TECHIQUE: PROTOTYPES This prototype is an exploration of how the structure of pyramid can be connect together if it is a solid surface. The tabs also provide the flexiblility for the solids to bend.

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Name of chapter

B.5. TECHIQUE: PROTOTYPES This prototype is a development from the framing prototypes.

The framing is taken into the next level as it makes a structure which can be cover by another material to create a smooth surface with unique form. This achieve the effect of interaction between internal and external spaces which can be built as a pavilion.

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Name of chapter

B.5. TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPES This prototype is testing the twisting compacity of materal and which effect it can create from the original parametric model.

The prototype does not turn out as successful as expected because the effect is not highlighted. However, the form of the parametric model is still unique. Sometimes, parametric model is not possible to make in real life, because of the structure as well as the material

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B.6 TECHNIQUE: PROPOSAL The Merri Creek flows about 60 km from the Great Dividing Range through Melbourne’s northern suburbs to the Yarra River.

“The Merri Creek and its immediate surrounds are host to some of the most threatened ecosystems in Australia. The Creek has a unique role to play in the preservation of threatened flora and fauna and the maintenance of vegetation communities that in other places have almost been totally destroyed.” [10] 10. Mcmc.org.au, ‘About Merri Creek’, 2015 <http://www.mcmc.org.au/index.php?option=com_content&vi ew=article&id=36&Itemid=188> [accessed 9 April 2015].

The goal of this project is maintain the nature environment at the site as well as establish a stronger connection between users and existing nature environment.

In this project I want to explore a form of a pavilion on the site which can allow many possible activies at the site. My aim is to establish a innovative, surprising and beautiful three-dimensional form by enviromentally friendly materials.

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SITE ANALYSIS existing landscape Merri creek trail merri creek contour of choosen site

After the site visit to Merri Creek I realised visitor just run or cycle pass the trail beside Merri Creek without stopping or looking around the landscape. The site show a lack relationship between human and nature environment which is also a point in the brief for the site. My aim in this project is establishing a better relationship between users of the site and surrounding landscape.

Everyday, people always try to escape from the busy city and try to slow their life down. In this project, I want to explore a pavilion along the pathway to capture the users attention and encourage them to slow down their walking speed as well as cycling to enjoy the surrounding landcape through a complex form and geometry of parametric digital model.

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FORM FINDING AND FURTHER DEVELOPMENT FORM FINDING PROCESS: DURIAN STRUCTURE -> FRAMING -> SMOOTH THE FRAME -> A PAVILION PROJECT OVER THE PATHWAY -> LET USERS INTERACT WITH THE SITE -> CAPTURE ATTENTION OF USER TO SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT BY THE PATHWAY .

After exploring the durian structure from case 2 study, I learned the structure framing of the object and I also explored series of pavilion structure using the concept of the durian. From those exploration, the most successful exploration is the pavilion which was smoothened by weaverbird. The form clearly explore then idea of framing but it is expressed into a new different way by parametric. The form is no longer sharp like the original form but it is smoothened.

In the next state of this project, I want to use the same concept of the durian to further explore on the form of the pavilion.

I will try to make the form become more complex and beautiful using parametric too as at the moment the form is quite simple.

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MATERIAL AND EFFECT INSPIRATION

INNOVATION: MOLD TREES IN A PARTICULAR WAY.

• • • • • • • •

After research on how trees can be molded into different shapes and become a sculpture in art. I found this idea is interesting to explore in my project as it is a way I can establish a relationship between the site and user. Therefore, I want to create a tree pavilion which can create a similar effect to the image. The pavilion can be turn into a series of tunnel with interesting lighting effect. This evolve a calm feeling for users while they are walking pass the pavilion. At the same time, this pavilion can be used for many other activities such as: • Observing • Learning • Contemplating • Exercising • Walking • Running • Cycling

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Commuting Meeting Cleaning Planting Feeding Art-making Music-making Playing

PART B: CRITERIA DESIGN

B.7. LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES

From part B I learned a lot more from parametric tools and how a modern project can use the tool to design and structure a building.

In my first and second year of Architecture, I always generate my idea using hand sketches and drawing. Sometimes I will do up to 50 drawings before I can establish a concept of final design, while in Studio Air I can generate my design outcomes faster and quicker by just explore the design using parametric tool.

This establish the future of architecture as we no longer need to design on paper and endless time to draw by hand. Parametric is a new way to generate ideas.

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B.8. APPENDIX ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES

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EXPLORATION I played with the Kangaroo plug-in and developed a more successful result by changing the form of the voussoir and more UForce was applied to pull up the whole structure and create the true form of voussoir.

This help me learn more about this coding and how to apply onto Case 1 study.

The definition creates this form is really interesting and powerful as it can generate a new form of paramatric model from a surface (see picture below)

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Patterning List & ARCHITECTURE APPLICATION A pattern list algorithm which I created from a list of point that was extracted from a picture. However, I cropped and only used a part of the picture to create the pattern. Finally, I baked the patterned and extruded them in many different ways.

The shapes of these patterns are polygon and I can work as a model display shelf inside gallery as models can be placed into the tunnels of polygon

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The shapes of these patterns are hẽexagon.

By changing the pattern list algorithm into hexagon I can create a new pattern list

The image and algorithm are changed to create new pattern in the definition.

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This can be a table which is inserted into the floor and model can be displayed on top. Lighting can be installed at the bottom which create interesting lighting effect on the model

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Strings attacted to the ceiling.

By changing the shapes I can create a new model shelf display design.

The cylinder tunnels can be hanged from the roof and models can be displayed inside the tunnels.

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Fabrication The joint detailing is designed between adjacent elements to create a shelf for model displaying, at the end of semester exhibition in the Ceres Gallery. The open cylinders are attached to strings at each end which connect to the ceiling.

This creates flexible for the cylinders as it can be attached anywhere in the gallery space. Also, the cylinders merged into each others which creates many interesting patterns. In additional, lights can be installed along the walls that creates lighting effect through the tunnels.

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EXPLORATION ON FEILD Series of exploration on field help me in my exploration of iterations.

I also explore on how to convert the pipes form of fields into 3D forms.

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EXPLORATION ON GRAPH MAPPING I EXPLORE ON A SERIES OF GRAPH MAPPING WHICH HELPS ME EXPLORE THE CASE 1 AND 2 FURTHER AWAY FROM THE ORIGINAL IDEAS.

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Bibliography 1st edn (Singapore: ASIAN BUILDING & CONSTRUCTION 10/6 2001, 2015), pp. 34-37 <http://esplanadesing.com/Downloads/ Media%20and%20Publ ication%20PDFs/ESP%20011000%20 ABC%20vol%2010-6%202001.pdf> [accessed 14 April 2015] Biomimicry Institute, ‘What Is Biomimicry? – Biomimicry Institute’, 2015 <http://biomimicry.org/what-is-biomimicry/> [accessed 13 April 2015] Designsingapore.org, ‘President*S Design Award Singapore 2015 - Esplanade - Theatres On The Bay’, 2015 <https://www. designsingapore.org/PDA_PUBLIC/gallery.aspx?sid=108> [accessed 8 April 2015] Digiitalarchfab.com, 2015 <http://digiitalarchfab.com/portal/ wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Spanish-Pavilion> [accessed 9 April 2015] Galinsky.com, ‘Spanish Pavilion 2005 Expo Aichi Japan By Foreign Office Architects’, 2015 <http://www.galinsky.com/ buildings/spainaichi/> [accessed 14 April 2015] Kolarevic, Branko, and Kevin R Klinger, Manufacturing Material Effects (New York: Routledge, 2008) Mcmc.org.au, ‘About Merri Creek’, 2015 <http://www.mcmc. org.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=36&Ite mid=188> [accessed 9 April 2015] TED Talks, Biomimicry In Action, 2015 <https://www.ted. com/talks/janine_benyus_biomimicry_in_action?embed=true> [accessed 13 April 2015] TED Talks, Using Nature’s Genius In Architecture, 2015 <https:// www.ted.com/talks/michael_pawlyn_using_nature_s_genius_ in_architecture?embed=true> [accessed 10 April 2015]

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THANK YOU