Petrospective 2022

PETROSPECTIVE 2022

­

Department of Petroleum Engineering The department hails from the Faculty of Civil and Petroleum Engineering. It was launched in January 2005 and till date, sixteen batches with a total of over 700 students have been produced. The department maintains a very strong linkage with the industry that has very graciously extended its support.

The department holds the motto of providing a strong base for quality knowledge and research and to produce graduates who are equipped with standards of ethical and moral values.

Message from the Vice Chancellor of NEDUET

Dr. Sarosh Hashmat Lodi

It gives me immense pleasure to congratulate the Department of Petroleum Engineering to be able to bring out the newest issue of their departmental magazine “Petrospective” for the year 2021-22. It covers not only the conventional ways of producing oil and gas, but it has also widened its horizons to renewable energy. This is, indeed, a wonderful step taken by the department, to switch to other available forms of energy.

It shows that students are aware of the energy situation in Pakistan and internationally.

Renewable energy is setting its foot in the world and it gives me great joy and pleasure to see that our students are willing to widen their knowledge on renewables.

I wish the students best of luck for their future endeavors.

Message from the Dean & Acting Chairman

Prof. Dr. Asad-ur-Rehman Khan (Faculty of Civil and Petroleum Engineering)

I would like to congratulate all the students and faculty members, who, not only, took part in compiling and making this year’s Petrospective possible, but also possessed creative and determined spirits to branch out of the conventional oil and gas production. The inclusion of renewable energy is one of the biggest highlights of the 2022 issue of Petrospective.

I truly wish that the students of Petroleum Engineering Department make a mark in the world to make NED University proud and become successful engineers.

Message from the In-Charge of Department

Dr. Engr. Javed Haneef (Petroleum Engineering Department)

First of all, I would like to congratulate the faculty and students for coming out with the latest issue of Petrospective.

The students of Petroleum Engineering Department have shown great dedication and have outdone themselves, by producing a product which extends the horizons of energy. I, personally, admire the aspect that energy is not limited to conventional oil and gas in this issue. To be able to witness the students’ curiosity with renewable energy and ways to implement it in Pakistan, is pleasurable for me.

It is a moment of bliss for me to see students groom under the supervised faculty of Petroleum Engineering Department and that the latest issue of Petrospective, is nothing less than an outstanding achievement.

I encourage the students to widen their curiosity and keep coming forth with such notable achievements. I wish them the best of luck for their life ahead.

i

This year's Petrospective is a much-awaited edition having been delayed due to the Covid crisis.

Nevertheless, with team effort, we have strived towards publishing the magazine. This edition like its predecessor continues to shed light on the transition toward Energy Sustainability and adaption of Data Science in the Energy sector.

This edition covers interviews of Energy sector professionals working in the conventional fossil fuel industry and the renewables, article discussions about getting the most out of hydrocarbon resources with the help of Data Science tools. Dr. Tharwat Hassane has shared his vast experience in the Petroleum sector in the special feature section. Get know about Orbit X the company trying to design a rocket having Algae as a fuel source from the man behind it Dexter Bano. Individuals like Teresa Ratnam and Mazhar Ali share their professional journeys of transitioning from the Oil and Gas sector to Renewable.

As always the overall publication presents insights into the industry paradigm of professionals with decades of experience and perspectives of young professionals who are striving to make a mark in the Energy sector.

Mohsin Yousu�i Chief Editor, Petrospective Lecturer, Petroleum Engineering Department

ii

This Year’s Team

MOHSiN YOUSUFi

Editors

MUHAMMAD SALMAN

MUHAMMAD HASSAN KHAN

KANZA BASHIR

Contributers

HUDA TAJ

MUHAMMAD SHAMOON SAQiB

SYEDA FIZA SEHAR

Faculty of Petroleum Engineering Department Prof. Dr. Asad-ur-Rehman Khan

Dr. Engr. Javed Haneef

Engr. Muhammad Noman Khan

Dr. Ayesha Abbas

Mr. Faizan Ali

Mr. Imran Ali

­

Mr. Adnan ul Haq

Mr. Muhammad Arqam Khan

Engr. Aftab Hussain Arain

Mr. Muhammad Mohsin Yousufi

Mr. Shaine Muhammadali Lalji

iii

1.

EVANS ZACHARY

2. special DEXTER BANO assiya abbasi M. RASHEED khan SHAUNA NOONAN HARIS AHMED YOUSUF JABBAR

5.

8.

11.

16.

20.

24.

TERESA RATNAM

industrial paradigm

feature

DR. THARWAT HASSANE

MEHTAB AHMED NAEEM U. HUSSAIN DAHRAJ NABEEL AHMED AHMED SADEED MAZHAR ALI

graduate experience

7.

10.

14.

18.

22.

28.

ARTICLES 32

APPLIED STATISTICAL and DATA ANALYTICS FOR ANALYZING RESERVOIR’S PERFORMANCE

Faris Raza

34

THE GREEN REVOLUTION

Syed Abul Hassan

37

2 CENTURIES & THE OIL INDUSTRY

MuhammadHassan Khan

NATURAL GAS

40HYDRATES Ubedullah Ansari 46

ENSEMBLE - BASED UNCERTAINTY CENTRIC RESERVOIR MODELING

Abdul Saboor Khan

42

Clifford Louis

44

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FUTURE OF PETROLEUM INDUSTRY Engr. Teemor Muther

eor - enhanced oil recovery

48

Muhammad Sarmad Mirza

49

Departmental events Background by Freepik

REMEDIATING DYING WELLS IN PAKISTAN

Interview

Petrospective 2022 An interview with

Zachary Evans Reservoir Storage Manager at WPS / SPE Regional Director North America

"Though the oil and gas industry is faced with many novel and unpredictable difficulties at present that has have fueled uncertainty and challenged professional norms, it's important not to lose focus of the role hydrocarbons continue to play in modern society and how oil and gas will remain a fixture in the global energy landscape for the foreseeable future. While sustainability has emerged as a key driver in energy transition, recognizing the role of fossil fuels, especially natural gas, in facilitating that transition is a practical reality that is often lost in broader messaging.

As gas-fired electrical generation and LNG usage continue to grow, it's important to appreciate the role natural gas has already had in reducing net emissions while still providing reliable and cost-effective energy for communities across the planet. While challenges in the short term may seem overwhelming, the future is still bright for petroleum engineers who can build upon their core technical skills by adapting to these new opportunities both within the core of the industry and in adjacent energy sectors. As long as the world needs energy, it will still benefit from the expertise of petroleum engineers."

1

Petrospective 2022

SPECIAL FEATURE

An interview with

Dr. Tharwat Hassane Petrophysical Technical Lead at Beicip-Franlab Asia Q.1) A little about yourself.

Dr. Tharwat Hassane: Currently working as a Head of Petrophysics Domain at BFA (Beicip-Franlab Asia) former was the head of petroleum and gas engineering department at (ECU) Egyptian Chinese University, Former Advisor of the Energy Committee in Egyptian Parliament.

Tharwat holds a BSc. and MSc. Petroleum Engineering and a Ph.D. in Reservoir Engineering from Heriot-Watt University (UK).

Dr. Tharwat has been in the field for more than 22 years working in technical and managerial positions. That includes Schlumberger for more than 15 years, 4 years with BP, and 2 years with Baker Hughes worldwide in the Gulf and North Africa in Well logging, Petrophysics, and Reservoir Simulation.

Dr. Tharwat is an author and co-author of many published papers covering many aspects of Petrophysics and Reservoir engineering. He is a member of SPE, AAPG, and SPWLA. Also, he has supervised more than 15 research projects in both conventional and unconventional reservoirs.

He has co-authored a book chapter titled: Applied techniques to integrated oil and gas reservoir characterization.

the essential skills in a short period.

What inspires me most about this field is that it is always evolving in terms of technology and it is fascinating to me how new technologies are being brought up now and then helping the industry work more efficiently. Working as a petroleum engineer might be a hectic job but it was worth the effort since it made me travel all over the world from North America to the Middle East to Asia and this made me more grateful since not only did I get to do my dream job but also I get to explore many regions in the world that I probably wouldn't have visited if it weren't for my career.

Q.3) Share with us which project you found the toughest and how did you tackle it?

Many of the projects that were assigned to me were not easy because I had to play two roles: 1.

Project manager and 2. Technical Team lead. On the very first project, early on in my career, I had the role of a project manager and that was during one of my tasks with Schlumberger. It was about 400 wells; the objective was to perform a complete Petrophysical analysis for those wells and the human resources were just me and two others with IT backgrounds. So, in this case, I had to train them in a short time to do Log Q.2) You have such a long experience in oil analysis and put them on track to perform the and gas. How has your journey been up till work for all wells. Even though we struggled now? What inspires you in this sector? with the timing we finished the project on time I have been in the oil and gas industry for more with a very good performance and efficiency. than 23 years, in fact when I was younger in high Q.4) How was it switching jobs in different school I decided and planned for my future to companies? become a Petroleum engineer. Throughout these The switch from one company to another is good 23 years of work experience, I have learned about especially if the two companies are different in new technologies and faced many challenges. terms of technology, strategies, or type of However, I was very lucky to start working with companies such as operator and service big companies early on in my career such as companies. This has given me an outlook on the Schlumberger, Halliburton, BP (British different types of skills that I should obtain and petroleum), and Baker Hughes. This provided me led me to meet many different petroleum the opportunity to work in a professional engineers with different backgrounds and learn environment and learn about the industry and all 2

Petrospective 2022

Special Feature from their experiences as well. I was working in many companies and different countries and each company come with different ethics, work environments, and technologies which resulted in broadening my view of the industry and its ever-changing environment.

I found Schlumberger to be the best service company compared to others. In such a company, there is a plan from day one for the engineers, they give them very intensive training to enable them to be on track in a very short time compared with other service companies and it has equal opportunities for the staff to grow and expand beyond their career. In my case, because of my strong academic background, I was offered to study for my master's in Heriot watt university fully funded. On the other hand, the Operator companies are decent and more stable in terms of employment and benefits plus you have the privilege to deal with all data in the drilled wells, so you can integrate the well analysis all together which you might not find in many service companies.

My advice for the fresh engineers is to start with working with a big service company such as Schlumberger, Baker Hughes, Halliburton as it gives them a big kick start into their career, teaching them about the various skills they need and making them familiar with the industry norms early on and then join the oil and gas operator company.

It is an honor to be selected by the University President (who was the former minister of higher education) as the Head of the Petroleum Engineering Department at Egyptian Chinese University. Furthermore, there are many challenges since the department was just recently established at the university, many things had to be done from scratch such as subjects materials, lab installations, student concerns and finally selecting the new staff as per university standards. My goal is to make this department the best in Egypt as a whole.

Q.7) The world is moving towards sustainable energy. What are your views about energy diversification?

This is the plan for most countries all over the world as we know that oil and gas fuels will be extinct one day hence the need to move towards more efficient and more eco-friendly ways of energy. The constant CO2 production causes pollution, which leads to the global warming problem This is causing an increase in temperatures globally. As a result, there is a glacial retreat from climate change, an increase in water level leading to an increment in the mortality rate of flora and fauna. The world must change the trend towards greener forms of energy to attain a sustainable energy balance in the future.

Q.8) What advice would you like to give to Q.5) You had also been associated with the young petroleum graduates?

Egyptian parliament. Tell us about your role My advice to young petroleum graduates is to there. read every day in their domains, try to be active, I was lucky to be nominated to act as an advisor look hard to get a job, and once you get a job give on the Energy Committee in the Egyptian it your best, to be a trusted person in the company parliament. This role was very critical and very because the first impression will be attached to important. In this role, I was responsible for all your work in the company.

Try to look for your weak points and amend petroleum agreements of Oil and Gas in Egypt. I them.

Always trust yourself and be confident and had to review them and discuss them with the president of the Energy Committee and make also ensure that you join many of the petroleum technical reports for him and advise him since engineering societies such as SPE, SPWLA, and petroleum engineering was not his background. APPG chapters in your country. This will be a By this time, I was the key person to speed up the good start for networking within your major. process for many Oil and Gas agreements to start Make good use of digital platforms such as drilling which then resulted in maximizing the oil LinkedIn to increase your networking. If you and gas Production for Egypt. I was also a former have a chance to do your MSc and Ph.D. do it as it will add huge advantages to your career and in candidate for the Parliament election. your social life and you can do it parallel with Q.6) Now you are the head of the Petroleum your job.

Department at Egyptian Chinese University.

How challenging do you find it?

3

“Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new” - Albert Einstein

INDUSTRIAL PARADIGM

Celebrating the achievements of the professionals serving the industry with exemplary passion and sheer determination.

Let us see what lessons a young professional can learn from their booming success.

Background by: Lalesh Aldarwish

Petrospective 2022

Industrial Paradigm An interview with

Dexter Baño Chairman of the Board at OrbitX Q.1) A little bit about yourself?

Q.3) Do you have any experience and I graduated and studied at Quezon City background in aerospace technology?

University with a degree in entrepreneurship. Honestly, like Steve Jobs and Elon Musk, I When I was young, it was always my dream have no deep background in this venture but to be involved in science (specifically like what I’ve told you, I love science and astronomy), engineering, or medicine. science loves me also. That curiosity enables Unfortunately, due to changing times, I guess me to become eager to learn and imagine. my fate was not aligned with these Currently, I study engineering on my own endeavors. I was engaged in different science during my free time. I never stopped competitions when I was in grade school and learning. I reserved an innocent part of my high school focusing on different branches. mind so that I can lead my company into When I was about to enter college, I got bigger visions and bolder missions. The most offers from different known universities in important thing in life is the passion for the Philippines but my mom who’s a single education and learning and as long as I have parent told me that I should go to a nearby it, I am pretty good I think. university and take up a business course Q.4) What made you think of creating which I did. My four years of bachelor’s eco-friendly vehicles? degree helped me to shape my global mindset and eye for innovation. I made my schooling Because why not? Hahahaha. It is 2020 and years the time to fail, build things and learn almost 2021 already. Being involved in this by doing and engaging in different stuff venture is pretty logical especially if we including business and product development. want to make sure that we want a greener I was also trained to lead almost 80 startups world someday. My company wants to build for two years allowing me to have a keen eye a sustainable circular economy and the best for business, market, and product strategy, way to do this is to become innovative like NASA. leadership, and innovation.

Q.2) After studying entrepreneurship for Q.5) Biofuels are much more at an four years, what made you think of experimental stage than petroleum-based fuels. Do you think they can replace creating your own aerospace company? petroleum fuels in the future?

I decided to apply for a day job. I got offers from known companies and business For now, I can’t say that it must replace incubators. I did my best to ace all of my petroleum fuels but it is the most logical interviews but I believe that my heart and thing to do if we want to be able to sustain destiny belong to something bigger and the growth of economies in the future which bolder – that is to build an aerospace are mostly reliant on petroleum products.

On the other side, electrification is not yet company. At first, I asked myself, America celebrated 50 years since the successful logical in developing countries like the moon landing. Why can’t my country do it? It Philippines because it needs infrastructure took me a lot of time before I fully that will cost millions to billions of US committed myself to this moonshot venture dollars. If the goal of electrification is because I told myself, “If I will not start it, sustainability, this is my question – where who will start it and when? I can’t just wait will you put the fuel-powered vehicles after you replace them? Is it sustainable and here and pray. I must do something.”

5

Petrospective 2022

Industrial Paradigm

viable? Mining cobalt, lithium et cetera have Q.8) Can you please give a short ethical and environmental issues too. I guess motivational message to the students and young professionals? we can’t skip a step towards development.

Q.6) Can you please share something Fulfill your dreams. Aim for bigger things.

Do everything. Be the master of your own about your next coming project?

Which one? Hahahaha. Kidding. We have a life. Be crazy. Change the world. Lift others. lot of projects. Currently, we just finished simulating our Tamaraw Rocket Engine for our Haribon Rocket. We are now partnering with transport groups to provide them with biofuel options for their vehicles. Hopefully,

by September we will be able to conduct static firing of our Tamaraw Rocket Engine and if the timeline is good, I think we can proceed to our first test flight in the late part of 2021.

Q.7) Where do you see OrbitX in the next five years?

Oh. Definitely, we have eco-friendly vehicles roaming the streets, Haribon rockets are already delivering payloads to space and maybe we will be involved in some more advanced projects that we have in the pipeline that I cannot disclose yet.

Source: OrbitXploration - Facebook

Source: Linkedin - Blockchain Is the Internet (3.0) - Hans Pokmann

6

Petrospective 2022

Industrial Paradigm An interview with

Teresa Ratnam Tidal Array Analyst at SIMEC Atlantis Energy Limited Q.1) About Teresa Ratnam Petroleum Engineering and MSc in Petroleum Geoscience. I am currently working as a Tidal Array Analyst for SIMEC Atlantis which is a renewable energy company. My job involves data analysis and offshore operations for the Meygen project which is the largest planned tidal stream project in the world and currently operates four 1.5MW turbines in the Pentland Firth off the coast of Scotland. Prior to this, I worked at Halliburton for 2 years as a Field Operations Professional. This required me to be offshore on rigs on the Cementing team.

resigned from the job, even though it was in the middle of the Coronavirus pandemic, I had the confidence in myself that my skills and experience would be in demand in the job market. Of course before the leap, I did a tremendous amount of research into what kind of jobs were available. I was also very clear with my goals and aspirations of what I wanted my next job to be and how I wanted my overall career progression to look like.

Q.2) You opted for Petroleum Geoscience for your Masters, did you consider diversification as an option at the time?

I did my Master’s in Petroleum Geoscience, with a focus on Geophysics. It’s a complementary field to Petroleum Engineering because it gives you a deeper geology understanding. I did consider diversifying into business or IT perhaps, but I decided to go for what I was passionate for. However, I don’t think it is necessary to pursue a degree to learn what you are passionate about. Nowadays there are plenty of resources online to obtain knowledge. This is especially good if you don’t have the financial resources for formal education. However, I do not regret my time spent on my studies. I learnt many things along the way and I can proudly say that I am a co-author of a geophysical textbook called “Seismic Imaging Methods and Applications for Oil and Gas Exploration”.

It’s been amazing! Being in a new industry has forced me to push beyond my boundaries and I am constantly picking up new info with regards to tidal energy. The people at SIMEC Atlantis are a pleasure to work with and they make it enjoyable to go to work every day. Apart from that, it has been my ambition to serve in the renewable energy industry as we face this climate crisis. So it’s really an added bonus that I can work in an industry that I am truly passionate about.

Q.3) Often, people are anxious switching profession, especially early in their career. What challenges or obstacles did you encounter during the selection of this field and how were you able to overcome them?

I believe that you should actively seek challenges and improve yourself especially in the early parts of your career. In the first two years of working as a field engineer, I tried my best to gain as much experience as I could and equip myself with the technical skills required for the job and beyond that. So when I 7

Q.4) How has the overall professional experience of working for Renewable/tidal energy been for your career so far?

Q.5) What sort of challenges do you face while surrounded by male professionals as the member of crew during offshore?

For all the rigs and vessels that I’ve been to, the percentage of women onboard is around 2%.

However, the crew onboard have been very friendly and accommodating. They are always ready to lend a helping hand if necessary.

Q.6) What special advice would you like to convey to women seeking a career in the Energy Sector?

Every offshore hitch has pushed me beyond my perceptual limits. It is very challenging with long and tiring hours. Also, being isolated in the middle of the sea has its mental challenges. But this job has taught me many lessons and has made me grow in terms of endurance and understanding of offshore operations.

I would highly recommend anyone working in the petroleum industry to experience being in the field at least once to get a better understanding of what it really takes to produce oil and gas.

Petrospective 2022

Industrial Paradigm An interview with

Asiya Abbasi Drilling Fluids Engineer at Haliburton Q.1) A little bit about yourself?

This proved to be the right opening in the industry for me and all other internship opportunites were a result of the dedication and professionalism displayed during this first break.

Being associated with 5 different organizations during the degree laid the the foundation for my professional growth. In addition, I was fortunate enough to intern in E&P as well as Service sect-ors, both of which have their flavors. In the E&P, the holistic picture is always important, and the learning is primarily based upon data application. On the other side, in a service company environment, you are much more focused on a single aspect and learn A to Z of a particular data and its development. To summarize my internship experience, I gained a wealth of knowledge not only related to the technical aspects, but more importantly, it helped me transition from a student to a professional by inculcating strong skills relevant to conducting yourself in a corporate setup and creating your own identity among the crowd.

I graduated from NED University, Petroleum Engineering Department in 2016. Following this I joined Halliburton as an unpaid intern for siz months after which based on my performance, I was offerd a long-term paid internship in the Baroid product service line.

I moved through the ranks quickly and established my presence which resulted in a full-time job offer as a Drilling Fluids Engineer in early 2017. During the past four years with Halliburton, I have been involved in various tasks covering all aspects from job execution at the rig site to proposal/tender designing, financial planning/budgeting, and logistics management. A great part of this job requires client interaction and hence you always must be on your toes and very vigilant to ensure service quality is maintained.

Although it is challenging, I try my best to maintain a healthy work-life balance thanks to my family support system. I usually like to carry on an active social life and stay updated with the latest trends.

Q.3) How would you feel to be known as the "First Halliburton Female Drilling Engineer in Pakistan"?

The least I can say is that it feels great! I say this because to be recognized in such a manner has never been an easy journey by any means. It took courage, hard work, dedication, and a whole lot of resilience to face up to the unique challenge of proving competency to perform in the field in this male-dominated industry. It did not help me due to extra barriers in the form of societal norms, however, I calmly and with a determination to achieve my goals, kept breaking them to pave the way for women engineers to strive. An example of what I was facing can be judged from the fact that

Q.2) You have spent several months working with 5 different companies as an Intern throughout your Bachelor’s Degree. How have these internships helped you in your professsional career?

I always had a passion for the Drilling Engineering branch of Petroleum Engineering and hence was constantly interested to learn more and develop skills in this domain. During my second year at university, I showed great performance in the Drilling Engineering-I course, which resulted in achieving prominence among my peers. Consequently, based on my interest and performance in the course, I was offered an internship position in the Drilling Department at PPL in the summer of 2013.

8

Petrospective 2022 wearing coveralls on the field was considered a “taboo” for some! My biggest challenge was to be part of the team at the rig site, which was always rejected due to some strange, beyond comprehension reasoning.

However, the key was I never gave up and kept pushing harder until I finally got the opportunity. Subsequently, I proved myself when I received an “above and beyond'' performance score on my first hitch for a client that cemented their trust in my capabilities.

Following this, I played my part as a regular team member.

I have used my position and the platform available to always represent a positive image of Pakistan and the amazing women of this country.

One of the best things that has ever happened to me to date is the invitation to represent at the company’s global annual conference where the top 1% of employees gather to discuss strategy.

Through this, I participated in a diversity and inclusion workshop and highlighted the problems faced by women working in this part of the world.

Industrial Paradigm Looking back, I am proud of what I have achieved given the circumstances and aim to keep moving forward, paving the way for others to follow!

Q.4) Your pride and motivation for the women of the Petroleum Industry in Pakistan and abroad.

Can you please give a short counseling message to the students and young professionals?

My message to all students who will be graduating soon is to prepare yourselves for a tough industry in a manner that helps you stand out from the crowd. Grab on to any opportunity, no matter how big or small, and do not stop there, rather create your “own” identity in the organization. To all young professionals out there, my only advice is to never cease the learning process if you want to keep on growing professionally.

Finally, I want my story to be a positive example for women and men equally, to show them that no matter how big the challenge is, you can overcome it with hard work, dedication, determination, and a strong will to succeed.

9

Industrial Paradigm

Petrospective 2022 An interview with

Mehtab Ahmed Drilling and Completion Engineer at UEP Q.1) A little bit about yourself.

I belong to the beautiful Valley of Kaghan, located in the district Mansehra, Pakistan. I completed my bachelor's degree in Oil and Gas Engineering from BUITEMS, Balochistan. After the completion of my graduation, I successfully received the OMV Excellence Master Scholarship and afterward, I went to pursue my Master's from a highly renowned University of Austria. Subsequently, my hard work and self-dedication land me a job as the Junior Well Engineer at OMV. Currently, I am working for United Energy Pakistan as a Drilling and Completion Engineer.

Production (E&P) companies can now avert the production decline from mature fields and maximize recoverable reserves from depreciated assets. The project delivered a comprehensive insight into multilateral technology along with a conceptual design of a dual opposed lateral well while using a preferred multilateral junction system in one of the mature fields of OMV. The case study demonstrates the basis of design for implementation of the dual lateral technology to complete the wells with ten stage propped fracture completions.

Concerning the financial limitations of the Dual lateral well, the non-productive or vertical part of the well is considered to be cost-driven; whereas the productive part of the well, consisting of the horizontal sections, is considered to be value-driven.

Q.2) This profession requires a lot of attention and groundwork. How did this profession allow you to travel to 26 countries at the age of 26? How did your Q.4) Can you please give a short traveling diaries cope with this hard motivational message to the students and field? young professionals?

During my bachelor's degree, I took part in various social and professional activities. I “If you want to achieve anything substantial participated in several international in your life, be focused and have a clear conferences and events. This helped me to direction towards your dreams and goals. develop my interpersonal skills, boosted my Learning is a ceaseless process. It never confidence, and thus, resulted in extending stops but it transmutes. At certain points in my travel exposure to different countries of life, you may become hopeless and anxious. the world. Later on, luckily when I attained Don’t fear and show your weakness to an opportunity to study abroad, this further others because it’s a part of life and helped me to add new countries to my everyone has to go through it. But later on, traveling diary. In this regard, I was able to you will come to understand the reason behind all of your suffering and then, you travel to 26 countries at the age of 26. will look back at your old days and smile.

Q.3) Can you please share something Feel proud of what you are and what you about your international research thesis have accomplished in your life. Best wishes with OMV Global? and God bless you all.”

During my specialization, I got the chance to work on multilateral technology with a case study of dual well for OMV. Through multilateral technology, Exploration and 10

Petrospective 2022

Industrial Paradigm An interview with

Mohammad Khan Reservoir Engineer at Schlumberger Q.1) Can you briefly introduce yourself to our readers?

My name is Mohammad Rasheed Khan from the Petroleum Engineering batch of 2011-12. I was born and brought up in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia where I completed my high school before returning to Pakistan for pursuing undergraduate studies at the NED University, Karachi. Coming from a country with a crude oil-based economy, knowledge about oil & gas was always intriguing and engraved in my subconscious, which ultimately compelled me to opt for the same while enrollment at the university.

Aftercompletion of the undergraduate degree, I was lucky enough to be selected from several other candidates for MOL’s Growww program as a Trainee Reservoir Engineer. I visited Eastern Europe thrice to take part in multiple technical and business development sessions during this association with MOL. Towards the end of this program, I was selected to visit the MOL Group CEO at the Hungary headquarters to share and discuss the knowledge gained during this venture. Learning while traveling was a key highlight of this experience.

In 2017, I moved to pursue Graduate studies in Petroleum Engineering at King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia. This is where I further cultivated an extensive research aptitude. Consequently, this led to embarking on multiple research projects leading to publications.

I got an opportunity to conduct the MSc research thesis with Schlumberger Dhahran Carbonate Research Center, where I worked for more than 8 months. Upon completion of my graduate degree and the research project by mid-2019, I was offered to work as Reservoir Engineer based in Pakistan where I am currently located since August 2019.

Being born and brought up in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, I always had this innate curiosity for the energy industry and the value it brings.

Over the years, I have witnessed through various channels how energy is a single vital source of survival for many nations around the globe.

Coupled with the social impact this brings forth, it undoubtedly has created an in-born desire to start a ripple effect of change through association with the energy industry. Furthermore, during the past couple of years with my exposure to graduate studies, the element of digitalization and the impact it has on global energy economies has catapulted my interest in this industry. With the recent pandemic, we have witnessed how digital markets have transformed the interactions occurring in the energy hubs.

In this regard, I see myself playing a role in sustainable energy utilization using a cutting-edge digitalization approach.

Q.3) Do you think conducting/participating in research-based activities is important along withgood academic grades?

Q.2) You were recently nominated as an Energy Leader For Tomorrow by the Energy Intelligence Forum. How do you plan to use this platform?

11

I strongly promote getting acquainted with robust techniques to conduct research as much as possible during your undergraduate studies. In my experience, I have seen the research aspect of my portfolio shine brightly and be a differentiator where it mattered. By this I do not mean that grades are not important, however, they must be always complemented with certain “extra skills” if you may call it so, to be able to stand out. Additionally, there are a plethora of opportunities you can explore through research as it allows you to discover topics that interest you the most, and resultantly aids to polish your problem-solving skills. Trust me, it will do you a huge favor to know what research topics best suit you while opting to conduct a graduate thesis.

Q.4) How do you manage to continue insightful research while being involved in your job as a Reservoir Engineer?

Industrial Paradigm Interestingly,I often get asked this question by my peers and colleagues from all walks of life. I think multiple characteristics have helped me maintain consistency in most of the things I do in life. Firstly, I am a goal-oriented individual who set tangible deadlines and makes sure to finish whatever project is started. This does not mean you have to complete everything you do flawlessly, however, it is assumed that you will learn something meaningful by going thru the complete cycle.

Secondly, prioritization is the key to achieving positive results when multi-tasking. Simply stating, you are never too busy to do anything, rather it is a matter of how you prioritize tasks and plan to complete them. Therefore, I always make sure to keep myself occupied with a couple of research ventures and manage them to fit into my schedule.

Finally, and I think this is the most important part of my answer, I truly have a passion for conducting research and this makes things easier to manage with my job. Consequently, I always try to pick out something from my routine tasks where research would benefit and carry it as a project. This allows for work and research to be incorporated simultaneously. In other words, I like to apply a research-centric approach to all tasks I am performing regularly.

Petrospective 2022 what inspires you to continue with technical writing?

There are two skills at play in paper contests, first is technical writing which is essential for you to be considered by several other authors. Next, is the presentation skills that you exhibit during the contest which can make or break your chance of winning. In my experience, both these aspects helped me to achieve positions in multiple paper contests. Speaking about inspiration, I think I mentioned this earlier as well, it is the passion for research and technical writing that motivates me day in and day out to write. A key advantage of taking up technical writing is that it allows you to self-improve and learn in-depth knowledge about the subject matter at hand. Accordingly, I believe this allows me to keep up to speed with the latest trends and expand on my current knowledge base.

Over the years I have indulged so deeply 7qain technical writing, that it has become part of my DNA, so much so that I like to utilize any available free time in this activity. Additionally, I have this innate curiosity to find solutions to intriguing puzzles and put them in a methodical/structured manner by removing ambiguity and disorder. The pathway to my success came from being devoted, inquisitive, and with a constant desire to learn more as it is a never-ending process.

Q.7) What is going to be your next research topic or if you are currently engaged in any research area, kindly tell us a little bit about it?

Q.5) Currently, students are quite stressed in graduate studies and projects. Being a research scholar how would you guide them to manage Currently, I am involved in various research topics time and consider research and publications also? which are quite diversely spread out. On one hand, I am involved in the application of Machine I would like to mention that do not do research Learning for PVT predictions, EOR polymer just because everyone is doing it, as this way selection, drilling rate-of-penetration estimation, you will never be able to accomplish the real and the characterization of lithological changes essence of it. Rather, practice research as a way using classification through artificially intelligent of thinking and approaching problems through algorithms. On the other hand, I am also involved an investigative perspective which makes it in research related to PVT characterization of even more interesting and engaging. Also, near-critical reservoir fluids using a data-driven research topic selection should be aligned to approach. So, it can be seen how to spread out this what you are interested in and not what is is concerning the area of specialization. Moreover, trending. I staunchly believe that quality I foresee some of my future research involving research can only be done when passion and areas such as Well Integrity Barrier Evaluation. clear motivation is present to achieve the results. The reason to mention these various areas is that I Finally, effective time management is a skill that would like to point out that it is not necessary to you must learn to succeed not only at university research in a single domain or follow a trending but also at the professional level. topic. On the contrary, it is more valuable to Q.6) You have been part of various paper contests incorporate diversity in inquiry to broaden the and awarded multiple positional awards. Describe learning envelope. your experience and if you could comment on 12

Petrospective 2022

Industrial Paradigm

Q.8) What is your short to a long-term plan, career-wise? Do you see yourself continuing in the Servicesector of the industry?

Currently, I am involved in a purely technical role, however, gradually I would like to transition into more of a tech-sales position. Eventually, I want to transform towards more management-centric portfolios in the service sector of the industry. In my opinion, the service industry has, over the past few years, dominated the step change towards digitalization, and a move towards solutions pivotal to sustainable energy deployment. Being associated with this will allow me to be more vocal and involved in defining the next phase of the energy industry, post-pandemic. Furthermore, it will provide an opportunity to be nurtured within an incubator of new ideas and be part of the next global energy change/disruption.

Q.9)What piece of advice would you like to give to your readers?

My advice comes from the combined experience of academic and professional life. Having said that, today I continue to learn and evolve as we move forward. My advice will be equally applicable to students and young professionals. Over the past few years, I have observed that the oil industry is very ruthless and only people with the right attitude and character can survive and excel in it. The good news is that this is not something one is born with, rather it can be nurtured and developed. Your degree or grades will take you to forward up to a point, thereafter what matters is how you put in the effort to steer your career forward. Finally, it is equally important to enjoy life and all the goodthings that are around us. It is vital to take a break occasionally, to establish that essential balance in life. I staunchly preach that to boost your career, it is all about the passion you have for the profession which will ultimately help create your brand in the oil patch!

Photo by WORKSITE Ltd. on Unsplash

13

Industrial Paradigm

Petrospective 2022 An interview with

Naeem Ul Hussain Dahraj De. Chief Engineer Reservoir at PPL Q.1) First tell us a little about yourself.

I am a Petroleum Engineer by core, right now working with PPL as a senior reservoir engineer in a new field development and reservoir modelling group. Responsible for new oil and gas fields development of PPL across Pakistan and carrying out as well as supervising in-house and 3rd party subsurface studies.

Q.2) Graduate studies are already quite stressful along with research projects plus being a Gold medalist how did you manage time to take extra courses and work on publications in your academic life?

I have more than 10 publications as an author in various international journals. That pretty much shows my affection for research work. I am a strong believer in research and always have been able to spare time for good topics. I simply believe a good reservoir engineer is a good researcher. And you get encouraged when you receive appreciation for your research. My MS work on rate transient analysis at the University of Oklahoma (OU) in the USA was considered pioneering work, based on which several further theses have been worked out. I got a distinguished graduate award twice for my research at OU.

have done specialized courses in petroleum economics from OU USA, financial modelling from IBA, and business development from an American university, DC USA also.

Interest in law is a recent sudden inspiration; having known the engineering, economics and commercial sides of the oil and gas industry, I realized it will be great if I get a 360-degree view and thus specialized in petroleum/ energy law for which I enrolled at the University of London.

Moreover, I believe in diversity rather than specialization. Having a background in engineering, economics, and law is honestly a lethal combination, you realize when you get more insight into a project from every angle. This makes you a better decision-maker also.

Q.4) As you have done your MS in Petroleum Engineering from the University of Oklahoma and Bachelor of Law from the University of London. How has the multicultural experience for you been? Was it easy for you to adapt to such diversified environments?

Mixing with cultures has never been an issue for me. I have left my house for nearly 20 years for education and job purposes. I believe you groom and learn a lot quicker if you travel and meet people other than from your community.

If you want to learn then travel more if you want Q.3) Along with being a Petroleum Engineer to earn then travel more and I believe if you have you decided to be an Economist and a Lawyer. to learn and earn then the utmost thing you should How much of these professions help you in do is travel! building up your current career?

Q.5) How has the overall professional I started my career as a drilling engineer for a experience of working with multinational time. Later I switched to reservoir engineering companies and now as a Senior Reservoir and soon I discovered reservoir engineering's Engineer with PPL been? ultimate goal is to estimate and produce reserves wisely i.e.$$$$. Interestingly, reserves inherently My professional journey so far is fantastic encompass economics in them as per SPE PRMS Alhamdulillah. However, not all experiences are guidelines. With no job exposure in business entirely good or bad. It's a relative perspective on development and divestitures, I soon developed how we mean it. Working with PPL gives me a an interest in Economics so I decided to go for an direct sense that I am working for the people of economics degree, that was in 2012. Besides, I Pakistan at least at this time.

14

Industrial Paradigm

Petrospective 2022 Q.6) Your Industrial experiences are quite vast. Is there any difference between what you find working in Pakistan and the foreign?

Multinationals believe in early cash flow and relatively quicker exploitation of reserves, thus they don’t believe in plateaus contrary to national companies. NoC works with long-term goals and in the bigger picture and for the best interest of the country.

Q.7) How does it feel to receive so many prestigious honors from international countries and the title of 'Science Boy' from the government of Pakistan? Has it ever been hard for you to cope with such high remarks?

I don’t live in the past much, hence all those honors I received so far mean nothing. I am aiming for more such in the future InshaAllah.

However, I do get pleasure when I look back.

Q.8) As a career counselor, what would you like to say about the current scenario of oil & gas?

In my decade of experience, I have seen three downturns in the oil industry; hence it seems quite normal to all of us. My advice to newcomers will always be to plan your career wisely. Make your long-term and short-term goals, diversify, build your skills, and ask people who know.

Q.9) You have been an oil and gas professional for like a decade, what advice or suggestion would you like to convey to your readers regarding the future in this particular field?

“DON’T WASTE YOUR TIME. TIME IS MORE VALUABLE THAN MONEY”

15

Industrial Paradigm

Petrospective 2022

Photo by Emmaus Studio on Unsplash

An interview with

Shauna Noonan

Oxy Fellow & Senior Director International and Gulf Mexico Supply Chain Management at Occidental Q.1) About Shauna Noonan, where she did belong from, and what challenges did she face in making an impact in the Energy Sector?

I am originally from Canada and got my Bachelor of Science degree in Petroleum Engineering (Co-op) from the University of Alberta. The “Co-op” refers to a 5-year degree program that incorporates five 4-month industry internships, so upon graduating, one has an engineering degree AND twenty months of work experience. My future vision as a student was to follow the typical career path of most Canadian engineers. You start in the field and work your way to an office in downtown Calgary and participate in the local SPE section’s activities. I had no idea then that I would be traveling around the globe both for work and SPE. What I stress to other SPE members, especially the students and YPs is that SPE opens doors of opportunity. The more involved I got in SPE, the more doors became available. SPE has helped to add rungs to my career ladder and allowed me to climb higher than I ever thought possible. My biggest challenge has been around being a working mother and finding a balance between my family and my career. Having a supportive employer and husband helped me but sometimes achieving that balance was difficult, especially since I did not have any family in the United States to lend a hand.

Q.2) As President of SPE International - 2020, what campaign and key areas did you work on to add value to this Industry and Society?

I wanted to focus on strengthening five areas for SPE to remain a trusted, unbiased source of technical information, be the membership of choice for professionals in oil and gas, and be respected both within and outside of our industry.

When people see that SPE logo, it should be synonymous with excellence in terms of all our 16

Petrospective 2022 offerings to our membership. As the President, I wanted to expand the value an SPE membership brings to both members and to companies that support their employees’ involvement in SPE. Our society is strong, yet I believe there are opportunities for improvement. The theme of my presidency was “SPE strong,” strengthening the core of our society.

The five areas are: • Strengthening the technical quality of our publications, presentations, and events • Strengthening the tools and methods by which we disseminate knowledge to our members • Strengthening our core disciplines • Strengthening the knowledge transfer in unconventional resources • Strengthening the feedstock of incoming talent into the industry.

I have been working with my fellow Board members and SPE staff to develop the various initiatives around my five focus areas. I have been providing more details and updates in my monthly JPT columns and SPE Podcasts.

Q.3) With the increasing progress, Research & Development in the field of Energy Mix can we expect a diversified portfolio of SPE International and Big Oil Companies?

Big oil company portfolios are driven by what their investors want. SPE’s portfolio is driven by what members want. While our members have been asking for SPE to cover more content around the energy transition, they want SPE to continue to deliver fundamental petroleum engineering content and programs. In addition, SPE is promoting technologies around carbon sequestration and GHG emission reductions, such as those developed via the Oil and Gas Climate Initiative (OGCI) which is funded by many of the major oil and gas companies.

Industrial Paradigm to measure impact on the environment. The International Petroleum Engineering Department Heads Association has been working together on modernizing the curriculum and sharing best practices between them.

Q.5) A carbon capture company named Carbon Engineering Ltd. working towards Environmental Sustainability is operating in British Columbia (Canada), it has been receiving funding from Oxy Petroleum and other oil giants. Shall we expect such miniature projects on a larger scale in the future by Big Oil Companies?

These miniature projects are pilots to prove the technology and to understand how to technically and economically bring them to a larger scale.

Once that is successful, yes, you will see more companies implementing them.

Q.6) Being Director of the Artificial Lift at Oxy Petroleum, did you see a significant growth in Artificial Lift Technology driven by Data and Computational Intelligence?

For new technology and product advancements – no. For efficiency of existing systems and operations – yes. Data science works on historical data from technology that already exists. It has been very successful in finding ways to improve well uptime and extend equipment run life. For new technology developments, fundamental engineering will be necessary as there is little to no data available to apply any elements of data science.

Q.7) What special advice would you like to convey to Young Professionals seeking a career in the Oil and Energy Industry that is changing abruptly and adopting Digital Transformation?

The digital transformation has already occurred for much of the industry. This is why we are able to survive and recover more quickly from this Q.4) How important is it for Academics to change the downturn when compared to previous ones. curriculum of Petroleum Engineering Degrees While petroleum engineers need to understand the Globally? What courses and subjects do you consider basic principles of data science, they are not should be part of the curriculum to make aspiring expected to be data scientists. Both groups are Petroleum Engineering Students all-rounded engineers? uniquely specialized and will need to work The Petroleum engineering curriculum is centered on together but they will need to have the skills and teaching the fundamentals and that is of primary basic knowledge to communicate with one importance. Rather than changing the curriculum, the another. content itself can be augmented to incorporate data science, geothermal subsurface operations, and how 17

Industrial Paradigm

Petrospective 2022 An interview with

Nabeel Ahmed Head of Human Resources at United States Steel Corporation / Ex Director Global Compensation at Halliburton Q.1) A little bit about yourself?

Coming from very humble beginnings, I was born, raised and completed high school from Abu Dhabi. Started Bachelors of Commerce at Commecs Institute of Business Education in Karachi but then after 3 semesters transferred over to Mississippi State University to continue my Bachelors in Information Systems in 2002 and then as a Graduating Teaching Assistant completed my Masters in HR from the same University in 2004.

I have been in the oil and gas industry for more than 16 yrs and for the most part have been in progressive HR leadership roles.

Have worked on a short-term basis or long term assignment in 10 plus countries.

I have 2 beautiful daughters who are 11 and 7 and time away from work is spent with the family or playing sports.

Q.2) What made you consider Human Resource as a Profession?

I landed in the profession by coincidence.

My first job was with Weatherford in Dubai in their IT department. Within a year I realized that I wasn’t enjoying IT and could not do it long term so was going to quit.

I had helped their regional HR Director, Guy Bennett, at the time with his technology setup. So when he heard that I was contemplating leaving Weatherford, he called me and we had a very honest conversation. Guy was a 25+ years oil and gas veteran and he took me in HR and started to mentor me in areas such as recruitment, HR generalist, HRMS, Comp and Benefits.

To this day, I still wonder if Guy had not called me that morning where I might have ended…

Human behavior is generally a very intriguing topic. HR specifically is a unique function in that it provides ample opportunity to influence others and be influenced by others.

I thoroughly enjoy meeting and spending time with young professionals from around the world who have extreme passion and desire to change the world and I get the opportunity to guide/mentor them through their journey. At the same time, I am able to constantly observe, adapt and learn from others.

If you get to do all of the above and get paid for it then it is a fairly good deal and working in HR provides for it.

Q.4) During your professional life, how do you deal with unethical situations?

In my opinion, ethics are black and white…there are no other shades. So if it is an unethical situation, then response has to be in accordance with guidelines whether statutory local laws or organizational policies.

For instance, if an employee is found to be involved in a code of conduct violation then the repercussions have to be in accordance with the policy. Exceptions should not be made just because the employee is a good performer or critical to business etc.

So I deal with unethical situations in accordance with law or guidelines consistently without making any exception.

Q.5) What brought you to become a Certified Fitness Instructor during your Bachelor’s Degree?

When I was studying in Karachi I did not know many people as I had recently relocated from Abu Dhabi. So I did not have Q.3) What do you like most about working any friends in the city of lights as such. To in Human Resources? spend time I started going to a local 18

Petrospective 2022 neighborhood gym in the evenings and this was my first exposure to fitness.

When I moved to the US, I had limited financial support so had to work long hours doing odd jobs at a local gas station.

Somehow I would still take some time out to train at the University gym. This is where I met the fitness director, Greg Altorfer, and I told him I was looking for a job for the summer to be able to save up for college tuition. He called me for an interview and realized that I didn't even know the basics of exercise sciences. He still took a chance with me and put me through a series of fitness training courses and took the certification exam. I learned a lot during that period and used to work 16-18 hours every day for 4 months. This is how I developed a passion for fitness that exists to date.

Industrial Paradigm • Individual soft skills which you can develop that includes creativity, work ethic, time management etc.

• Group soft skills which you learn over time with exposure and experience of a varied situation includes interpersonal skills, ability to collaborate, political savviness, conflict management etc.

The most important of all soft skills that influences the success of anyone, regardless as an individual or group is the ability to effectively communicate. Communication is a soft skill you never fully acquire but always continue to improve upon.

Q.8) Due to the CoronaVirus Pandemic many people are laid off from their jobs.

As an HR person, what is your view on job eliminations?

Q.6) How much do you find leadership My humble opinion is that this pandemic is important in the oil and gas industry? going to change the way we live in this Leadership is critical in any industry so I world for good. Human beings are a very would not carve out the oil and gas industry resilient species and we will adapt and specifically to highlight the significance of evolve out of this crisis, no doubt in my leadership. The leadership competencies mind. that are critical in this cyclical industry Job elimination doesn’t concern me as might be slightly different from other much but in the long term we need to prepare industries but it is essentially a different our next generation for major job flavor of the same. replacements.

In the last 10 years or so the industry has Simple example…currently technical or been extremely volatile so leaders have to soft-skill training in most organizations is adapt constantly between short cycles of fast conducted by trainers in a classroom setup. paced growth and severe downturns. Leaders We will transform towards virtual have got to be able to connect with the classrooms and the infrastructure and skill workforce or in these periods of highs and sets required to effectively deliver training lows, you can quickly alienate the workforce in that environment is very different. from the leadership group. Now more than Similarly, brick and mortar retail stores are ever we need all dimensions of diversity in getting replaced by online shopping portals our leadership ranks and be able to embrace and it is evident in the revenue numbers of it wholeheartedly. these businesses. People won’t just switch Q.7) Can you describe the significance of back to stores. So from customer service soft skills and its importance to succeed in reps in stores, we will need more online delivery or customer experience Corporate? reps…again, a very different skill set Technical skills can only get any individual required. to a certain level in the organization. Beyond that, even in a technical career path, soft skills become critical to your success.

I would categorize soft skills into two categories as well:

19

Petrospective 2022

Industrial Paradigm An interview with

Haris Ahmed Qureshi Trainee Petroleum Engineer at MPCL / Ex Drilling Engineer at Vizdom Solutions Q.1) A little about Haris Ahmed Qureshi.

Haris Ahmed is a young Petroleum Engineer with bachelor’s and master’s degree in the field of Petroleum & Natural Gas Engineering from Mehran UET, Jamshoro. He has in total 4 years of experience including E&P. Along with his strong academic background he is a researcher, career counselor, mentor and an active volunteer.

Q.2) How was your experience working as a Research Assistant in your University, after completing bachelor’s degree, did that help you in being connected to the Industry for job hunting?

Due to my involvement in research activities right from the beginning of my undergraduate studies I was selected as a Research Assistant by the HOD under the Pakistan Petroleum Limited Chair. I was fortunate enough to work under the kind guidance of Prof. Dr. Sarfraz Ahmed Johkio (Professor at PPL Chair) who is famous for his work on condensate reservoirs at University of Oklahoma. During this one year I was involved in several activities including; writing and publishing of research papers, organizing the seminars on research writing, assisting in the preparation of teaching plan for undergraduate and postgraduate, conducting experimental work and the field tours. This job also helped me to make good connections with industry professionals who guided me by providing tips and techniques related to job hunting.

well right from spud phase all the way to well abandonment. We can proudly say that this is the first indigenous drilling software developed locally in Pakistan. VDS is in competition with the software of EDM by Halliburton as most of the E&P companies are currently using EDM for well planning, hydraulics and torque & drag analysis. VDS offers almost the same features as of the EDM but at less than ¼th of its cost. VDS offers the robust 3D visualizer option which enables the users to have the real-time track of the drilling trajectories along with the actual bottom hole location.

Q.4) You have been striving to achieve your goals, would you like to shed light on some of your achieved goals?

Everyone strives hard to achieve their goals regardless of the obstacles that come in their way, they keep on pushing themselves to make their dreams come true. Likewise, I have also taken part in this race with full dedication and commitment to achieve my targets with flying colors. Some of my goals have been achieved and some are still in progress. The first and foremost goal achieved was to become a technically sound Petroleum Engineer with all the abilities that reflect professionalism in my field. Along with that it had always remained my priority to help the young engineers in their early careers stages but I never had any podium to help them but now by the grace of Almighty Allah I have been considered as an influencer on LinkedIn which is Q.3) What sort of traits does your job require, the biggest social platform to showcase your and what does your company have unique skills and get rewarded, this platform had helped among other servicing companies to offer to me to reach my voice to those public figures who E&P Companies? are responsible in managing the O&G industries The company Vizdom Solutions Pvt. Ltd. I work affairs. Secondly, I wanted to be a researcher to for is a software based O&G services company help address the issues faced by E&P companies located in Islamabad which have developed two in their regular operations at field site, I can software’s (Vizdom Drilling Suite “VDS”) and proudly say that I have somehow contributed to (Vizdom Geoscience Suite “VGS”) for the E&P play my role in solving some of the key issues companies to provide them ease in planning the faced by E&P companies.

20

Petrospective 2022

Industrial Paradigm

Q.5) What message would you like to give to students who are planning to be the part of this charming Oil and Gas Industry in the era of low oil prices?

earned through various means such as; freelancing, business start-ups and so on. One thing which will remain constant in whatever work you do is the “consistency” of your commitment towards achieving your goals. As far as the low oil prices are concerned, I would say this time shall pass too. Time never remains the same, but the thing that matters is your capabilityof being hired in one of the multinational companies. Ask yourself this question and bring improvements in yourself to stand out in the market, in simple words make your worth.

The simple secret to be a successful person is to help others without expecting anything in return.

This strategy had perfectly worked for me since when I was an undergraduate student. Keep one thing in mind you will definitely get the job sooner or later as this is something which has been promised by God. It is not necessary that you get the job in the O & G industry as there are thousands of more options which you must explore and can be a best fit for you. Moral of the storyis you have to earn money which can be

Photo by Zukiman Mohamad on Pexels

21

Industrial Paradigm

Petrospective 2022 An interview with

Ahmed Sadeed Technical Support Engineer at Energy Projects Support Company (ENPRO)

I completed my petroleum engineering from NEDUET, Pakistan in 2012 and my MSc (Petroleum) from KFUPM, Saudi Arabia in 2017. Currently, I am employed by a local Oil & Gas company (ENPRO) as an application engineer. I am associated with business development and technical support for the completion equipment such as packers (swellable and inflatable), centralizers, float equipment, and reamer shoes.

Moreover, I am a part-time Ph.D. candidate in the Petroleum Department, KFUPM. The research work is related to analyzing the inter-well connectivity using the capacitance resistance model for two-phase flow.

During my journey in industry and academia, Alhumdulillah, I have achieved multidisciplinary experience ranging from a pore-scale study of a reservoir rock to the on-site drilling operations, and technical publications in reservoir & production engineering.

EPTEK 2017

KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM AND MINERAL

College of Petroleum Engineering & Geosciences

Carbonate Surface Chemistry: Effect of Monovalent Ions on Surface Charge of Carbonate Rocks Ahmed Sadeed , Advisor: Dr. Hasan Al-Hashim & Co-advisor: Dr. Wael Abdallah King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Summary

Similarly, Figure 6 shows that the zeta potential becomes more negative when modified rock is conditioned in SW0.5NaCl as compared to SW, which indicates that the addition of more NaCl to seawater reduces oil recovery which was also observed in other studies (Fathi et al. 2012). Furthermore, conditioning of modified rock in SW0.5NaI or NaBr reduced the magnitude of negative zeta potential, which indicate the possible release of oil components from the rock surface while the reduction due to SW0.5NaI is more significant which indicates SW0.5NaI is more effective.

Figure 7 shows a simple illustration the possible mechanism that leads to the reduction in zeta potential magnitude when modified rock is conditioned in 5000 ppm NaI

Results

Smart water/low salinity flooding prepared by diluting the injection seawater and/or tuning the ionic composition of the diluted seawater have been found to be effective in recovering additional oil beyond the conventional seawater flooding. This paper investigates the effect of adding monovalent ions such as I-, Br- and Cl- to seawater on the surface charges of carbonate rock with the objective to design a cost-effective brine capable of altering the wettability of carbonate rock surface to a more water wet condition. The results of this study confirms that adding monovalent ions to seawater without any dilution were capable of altering the wetting characteristics of oil wet carbonate rock surface towards more water wet states, which is an important aspect for improving oil recovery.

In this study, Zeta Potential is used to investigate the changes in the rock surface charges due to the rock/oil/ brine/ interactions.

Introduction Carbonate Surface Chemistry Carbonate rocks are positively charged in formation water whereas crude oil comprises of negative charges (due to the presence of Carboxylic groups (RCOO-) and asphaltenes). These Carboxylic groups (RCOO-) and asphaltenes are the main contributor for crude oil adsorption on the rock surface. The polar oil components that are absorbed on the rock have negative charges. Figure 1 shows how the polar oil components are released when smart water/low salinity water are injected in the reservoirs. In this study, we investigated the impact of the monovalent ions (I-, Br- and Cl-) on detaching the carboxylic group from the carbonate rock surface and consequently altering the carbonate rock surface wettability to a more water-wet conditions.

Figure 1: Schematic diagram showing desorption of polar oil components from the rock surface when smart water is injected

Materials and Methods Rock: Pure Calcite is being used to represent carbonate rock. It consists of approx. 100%CaCO3

Table 1: List of brines used in the experiments

Figure 2: SEM image of unmodified calcite rock

Oils:

by dissolving stearic acid and/or asphaltene in toluene as detailed below.

Salinity

Salts/Ions

1

DI Water

De-ionized water

-

-

2

5000 ppm NaCl

NaCl

5000

0.086

3

5000 ppm NaBr

NaBr

5000

0.049

4

500 ppm NaI

5000

0.033

57,365

1.15

NaI 18,043

5

1. Stearic acid (TS) in Toluene with total acid number (TAN) = 2 mg KOH/g

SW (Sea Water)

(ppm)

ppm Na+

652 ppm

Figure 4 shows that when rock is modified with model oils , the adsorption of polar oil components i.e. (~COO-) increase the negative charge on the rock surface. That increase in negative charge is similar for modified rock with stearic acid (TS) and asphaltene (TA). However, that does not mean that the amount of adsorption due to stearic acid and asphaltene molecules are equal on the rock surface because the concentrations of stearic acid and asphaltene are different in each modified rock (TS and TA). The zeta potential of modified rock (TSA) is slightly more negative than other modified rocks (TS & TA), which indicates that the combined effect of stearic acid and asphaltene on the rock surface is not added up. This is due to the competition between stearic acid and asphaltene molecules to adsorb on the rock surface.

(M)

ppm

Ca2+

Mg2+

4,450

173 ppm

ppm Cl-

ppm

HCO3-

6

(SW0.5NaCl)

Sea Water + 0.5 % NaCl

62,365

1.23

3. Stearic acid in Toluene with TAN = 2 mg KOH/g

7

(SW0.5NaBr)

Sea Water + 0.5 % NaBr

62,365

1.19

8

(SW0.5NaI)

Sea Water + 0.5 % NaI

62,365

1.18

Figure 7: Illusition of possible mechanism that leads to release the polar oil components from the rock

Conclusion 1. Zeta potential of calcite rock is negative in DI water due to preferential leaching of Ca2+ ions from the

2,159

31,890

Leading Mechanism

Figure 4: ζ of unmodified and modified calcite rocks (TS, TA and TSA) conditioned in DI water at 7.5 pH and 25OC.

Strength

2. 0.35 wt.% asphaltene in Toluene (TA)

Rock Modification from water-wet to oil-wet

Figure 3: Schematic diagram showing potential difference as a function of distance from charged calcite rock particle suspended in DI water

Ionic

Brines

No

Figure 6: ζ of modified calcite rocks (TS, TA and TSA) conditioned in SW, SW0.5NaCl, SW0.5NaI & SW0.5NaBr at 7.5 pH and 25OC.

Figure 5: ζ of modified calcite rocks (TS, TA and TSA) conditioned in DI water and 5000 ppm of NaCl, NaI & NaBr each at 7.5 pH and 25OC.

22

Figures 5 shows that when the modified rocks are conditioned in 5000 ppm brines consisting of NaCl, NaI or NaBr respectively, the magnitude of negative zeta potential values of the modified rocks decreased as compared to the magnitude of zeta potential of the modified rock conditioned in DI water, which indicates that, conditioning of modified rock in brines released the polar oil components from the rock surface, as indicated by the reduction of the negative rock surface charges.

calcium carbonate lattice. (Calcite Dissolution) 2. Model oils TS, TA & TSA altered the calcite surface charges to more negative charges confirming alteration of calcite wettability to oil wet conditions.

3. 5000 ppm NaI, NaBr or NaCl showed consistent less negative charge on the modified calcite rock surface as compared to modified rocks in DI water: (most effective: 5000 ppm NaI). The reduction in negative charge could be due to the release of adsorbed model oil from the rock surface.

3. Conditioning of modified rocks in SW0.5NaI or SW0.5NaBr also resulted in desorption of polar oil components from the rock surface. (most effective: SW0.5NaI) 4. The release of adsorbed oil component from the rock surface alter the rock wettability from more oil wet to less oil wet and eventually increase the oil recovery.

Acknowledgement We wish to thank Dr. Hasan Al-Yousef, Dr. Abdullah Sultan, Dr. Faiz ur Rahman and Dr. Bastian Sauerer for the support and guidance during the research work.

Do not wait; the time will never be 'just right.'

George Herbert

GRADUATE EXPERIENCE

Background by: Alexander Schonberg

Petrospective 2022

1.

Graduate Experience An interview with

Muhammad Yousuf Jabbar PhD Researcher at University of Calgary

Q.1) A little about Muhammad Yousuf Jabbar.

While pursuing Mechanical Engineering at Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology in my 3rd year, I was selected for the only internship opening at Baker Hughes, Pakistan. During my stay there, as part of my field training, I was taken to the oil rig on-site where I witnessed the actual drilling operation for the extraction of hydrocarbons. The entire process made a huge impact on my professional inclinations and preferences. I was highly fascinated by this field and decided to pursue a career in the Oil & Gas sector.

Upon graduation, I went for my Masters to KFUPM in Petroleum Engineering. Since then I volunteered and represented SPE in various capacities and had the opportunity to travel, learn, and develop my leadership skills. I worked for my MSc research at Schlumberger Carbonate research centre, a unique opportunity for a student, and got to know the industry very early in my career. Besides my research, the centre was also working on regional and global challenges faced by the operator and working to provide solutions. I learned how to work under time constraints, visualise abstract concepts, and apply them to industrial projects in real-time.

Upon graduation, I started as a Reservoir Engineer with TOTAL and held responsibility for the EOR studies, development for a mature offshore field in Abu Dhabi. After 4 years with TOTAL, I

Started as a Reservoir Engineer for ADNOC Offshore for the largest offshore field in the world (Upper Zakum) based in ExxonMobil Technology Centre. I have worked extensively in reservoir simulation for future field development, an area I was always inclined to learn and develop my skills. After a decade in the Middle East, I moved to Calgary last year and currently I am in my second year of Ph.D. at the University of Calgary.

Q.2) You did your bachelor’s degree from Pakistan, Masters from Saudi Arabia following the PhD. from Canada, how was your experience studying abroad and representing Pakistani talent?

In my opinion, our undergraduate program prepared me well to compete with the leading universities across the globe.

Studying at KFUPM was a great experience specific to the Petroleum Engineering major since for most graduate courses the faculties are from Saudi Aramco and you hear about the current and upcoming challenges, in terms of research and operations, from the largest onshore and offshore fields in the world. I am fortunate to also co-author with Dr. Sami Neam, later SPE President for 2018-19. The MSC research at the state of art SLB labs and collaboration with Saudi Aramco was a rewarding experience. At KFUPM, Pakistani students have a strong presence and growth over the period, have significant achievements in research, and leading roles in the industry. In pursuing

24

Graduate Experience

Petrospective 2022

my Ph.D. in Canada alongside students from across the globe which brings greater competition but with it, exposure and opportunities as well. I have learned a lot in my research area but like most researchers, I still have a long way to go.

Q.3) How would you describe your experience as a Reservoir Engineer at ADNOC Offshore?

ADNOC offshore was no doubt the best work experience in my career so far. I worked at the Upper Zakum Field, the world's largest offshore field, and based in ExxonMobil Technology Centre. I was involved in Reservoir simulation for future field development plans, design, and modelling of Chemical EOR study, reserves reporting, follow on R&D studies with ADNOC HQ, and prestigious global research and academic institutes. I also got an opportunity to mentor summer students for their internship. The work environment as well as the mentorship I received from Exxon Mobil Advisors in the reservoir and field development was very enriching. At times I feel like I am in school again.

Lastly, I worked in close collaboration with ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company (URC), based out of Houston, TX on the modelling and evaluation of Chemical EOR in carbonates and co-authored publication with one of the SPE Distinguished Lecturer, Dr. Gary Teletzke. I wish I could have stayed longer because the environment and opportunity were just ideal and one all Reservoir engineers dream of.

Q.4) Can you tell me about your research on Carbon Sequestration and how do you see it as a potential area for companies to invest?

My Ph.D. research is to develop tools and evaluate the “cradle-to-grave” life cycle assessment of CO2 capture from industrial

sources and utilization for CO2-EOR for North American oil fields. The developed tools will be used to evaluate the carbon intensity of the oil produced for some of the existing CO2-EOR projects, the resulting carbon intensity of the transportation fuels, and understand how these compare to other crude oil available in the market. Further, I would evaluate the drivers of uncertainty in the resulting carbon intensity, how different operation strategies might affect the resulting carbon intensity, and how different approaches to allocating CO2 emissions across the life cycle would impact the results. In the International Energy Agency (IEA) Sustainable Development Scenario (SDS), which is aligned with the Paris Agreement, Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) accounts for 9% of global emissions reduction by 2050 (International Energy Agency [IEA], 2019). Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) is a critical mitigation technology in the fight to reduce global emissions and CO2 utilization through Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) is an influential economic driver. EOR has been successfully used around the world for decades to extract oil, but it was not deployed to maximize CO2 storage as well. Even when the potential is huge, today there are only 21 CCUS facilities around the world with the capacity to capture up to 40 MtCO2/year. Although the industry never intended to maximize the CO2 storage, still the lessons learned in the past 3 decades of an operation mainly in North America have made CO2-EOR more attractive than ever. This can be seen by the increase in the investment plans for more than 30 new integrated CCUS facilities that have been announced since 2017. In my opinion with the significant curb in exploration by supermajors to find

25

Graduate Experience

Petrospective 2022 and develop new resources and with the current annual decline of 3-5% of the existing fields, CCUS for EOR from existing oil fields with infrastructure can play an important role to fill the increasing demand for oil and simultaneously mitigate emissions.

Q.5) How essential Reservoir Engineering (RE) skills are for a Petroleum Engineer to make a transition into the field of Carbon Capture and Sequestration?

I think RE skills are key since all the burden is on the EOR site to sequester the CO2 molecule. RE skills play a key role in terms of evaluation through reservoir simulation and reservoir surveillance to understand the CO2 movement, design of the flood (Continuous Gas, WAG) to optimize the dual objective of oil recovery and CO2 storage. In the past RE, the role was to maximize reserves but in the low carbon environment, the future would demand RE (and so-called Energy Engineers) to optimize both oil and CO2 storage. Accurate evaluation of CO2 storage requires a good understanding of the reservoir and post storage monitoring to ensure CO2 is stored for longer. Many of the job opportunities that will arise in the CCUS sector will also be able to make use of the subsurface skills and experience of personnel in the oil and gas sector, which has seen significant job losses.

These opportunities include the near-term employment needs associated with CO2 storage exploration, as well as the more intensive phase of characterization and development of new storage facilities.

Q.6) Can you explain the keywords used as net-zero and carbon negative in the field of Carbon Capture and Sequestration?

Net-zero requires that any CO2 released into the atmosphere from human activity be balanced by an equivalent amount being removed, either through nature-based solutions (including afforestation, reforestation, and other changes in land use) or technological solutions that permanently store CO2 captured (directly or indirectly) from the atmosphere. The sooner net-zero emissions are achieved, the greater the chances of meeting the most ambitious climate goals. An increasing number of countries and organizations have adopted net-zero emissions targets, drawing attention to the need for CCUS. A growing number of corporations across a range of industry sectors, including oil and gas, power generation, manufacturing, transport, and technology services, are also adopting net-zero emissions targets (IEA, 2020a). Today, between 0.3 t and 0.6 t of CO2 is injected in EOR processes per barrel of oil produced, although this varies between fields and across the life of projects (IEA, 2018). CO2-EOR has the potential to deliver climate benefits but assessing the net impact on emissions requires a quantitative life-cycle assessment taking account of project-specific characteristics. If an anthropogenic source of CO2 is used and the amount of CO2 stored exceeds the emissions from the production and combustion of the oil itself, the oil could be described as net “carbon- negative”.

In other words, to produce “carbon-negative oil” – that is for CO2-EOR actually to reduce the stock of CO2 in the atmosphere – the CO2 either has to come from the combustion or has to be captured from the air such as DAC (Direct air capture) of CO2 from the air.

The limitation of DAC is the low CO2

26

Graduate Experience concentration in ambient air compared with industrial sources of CO2, which makes this technology expensive compared with the industrial streams. This aligns with my Ph.D. research, which is primarily to evaluate the life cycle and economics of EOR oil and compare it with other pathways of CO2 usage.

Q.7) What message would you like to share with students and professionals, keeping in view the current diversification trends being followed by companies?

The dual COVID and collapse in commodity prices are certainly very challenging for the overall economy and, in particular, for the energy industry. As we all know, oil prices are cyclical so there are good times and then there are downturns. I would say these are tough times for the energy industry and this, too, shall pass.

There are areas such as CCUS and Data

Petrospective 2022 Science which have gained a lot of attention in recent years and engineers that are equipped with these skills can contribute largely to the energy industry making it attractive again. Give your 100% and focus long term and keep investing in yourself. By this I mean, every engineer should know how to “code”, automate your workflows, get yourself acquainted with the applications of Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Reinforcement Learning (RL), and visualization tools. Stay connected to the industry by being an active member of SPE and events. In anything you do, try to see the value you add to the community, to your employer, and in yourself by learning a particular skill set. To my experience the energy industry is very rewarding, the company invests a lot in your training and you travel a lot. The benefits are huge and so are the risks.

Background by NICOLLE RAGER FULLER

27

Graduate Experience

Petrospective 2022

2.

An interview with

Mazhar Ali Soomro Renewable Energy Engineer / GradSchool

Q.1) First tell us a little about yourself.

Currently, I am doing Joint MSc in Renewable Energy in the Marine Environment (REM) as an Erasmus Scholar at University of Strathclyde (Glasgow), University of the Basque Country (Spain) and Ecole Centrale de Nantes (France).

Before this, I did my Bachelors in Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering from Mehran UET SZAB Campus, Khairpur. After my undergraduate studies, I worked as an Intern with Pakistan Petroleum Limited Kandhkot Gas Field, under the National Internship Program. During my tenure at PPL, I supervised new gas well completions and field operations as a part of a multi-disciplinary team and prepared some technical research proposals for liquid-loaded gas wells. That was the best experience of my life being a fresh graduate, which served as a turning point in my career.

the form of water reservoirs and can use it to produce electricity in the times when there is no wind. I would like to highlight an example from El Hierro Island (Atlantic Ocean), where a huge pond was built in a volcano’s trench with a view to pump the sea water up to the island via a desalination plant driven by the power produced from the wind turbines. The desalinated water became accessible to the public and some of it was stored in the reservoir to be pumped back for the power generation in the times when there is no wind.

Q.2) What are the major trends in your field of study?

After doing my research and connecting with many industry professionals, I see that renewable energy, specifically wind energy is flourishing rapidly over the time and it is going to be a game changer in the near-future. Further, I believe that sooner or later, collaborative projects will initiate between the petroleum and renewable energy sectors, a few have already started, where the recent example is Equinor’s Floating Hywind Tympen project (at the left), which is approved by the Norwegian Government to power oil and gas platforms and this will reduce the emissions by more than 200,000 tonnes per year. Often, when one talks about renewable energy development – wconsider that it’s an intermittent resource and energy storage is a big question mark. But if we see on the other side, there are many industrial examples where one could store energy in

Equinor’s Floating Hywind Tympen Project Image by EQUINOR

El Hiero Island, Water Reservoir Source: renewables now Q.3) When you first came to the UK you must have faced a lot of problems. Can you mention a few and how did you manage them?

28

Graduate Experience

Petrospective 2022

During the first month of my arrival in Glasgow (UK), it was very hard to manage since I did not know many people and it was my first time being abroad. The first problem that I experienced was ‘’homesickness’’ because I am the youngest son of my parents, and I have been closely attached to my family.

By the time, I started realizing that I must live with it and make a social network. I would like to add that, the people in Scotland were so friendly even if one does not know you, they will smile and greet you whenever they pass by, and this made me feel welcomed. Secondly, the time management becomes a key issue, when one relocates – the same has happened with me, so firstly I created a set of goals everyday for the things that I had to do during my stay and in such a way prioritization of the work at the right time helped me a lot to get control on time.

Q.4) How was the multicultural experience for you and was it easy for you to adapt to such a diversified environment?

It has been a worthwhile experience for me, as I have made a lot of friends from multiple countries. The interesting part is that I have become adaptable with the passage of time as now I presume that no matter whichever part of the world I move to, there will always be some positive people who will stand by me, and help me grow personally and professionally. In the beginning, I felt unwilling to interact with people while assuming that I don't know how their reaction to me would be. But once I networked with them, I perceived that they are so welcoming. The Erasmus experience has completely transformed me and helped me to become a better person everyday.

Q.5) Often, people are afraid to embark on a career change, especially early in their career. But after completing BE in Petroleum you decided to go for MSc in Renewable energy despite the fact that Pakistan is still unfamiliar with its need.

What challenges or obstacles did you encounter during the selection of this field and how were you able to overcome them?

This all comes from a power of decision-making. After completing my

undergraduate studies, I moved to Karachi and started preparing my applications for the graduate scholarships. Before this, I had applied to a services company where they kept me in pending and after three months, they called me for an interview although I was selected for the job, but I was not satisfied so I left. Since then, I got an opportunity to work as an Intern at Pakistan Petroleum Limited as it was a contractual position, so I used to spend 12 hours a day in the field operations and during the night I worked on my scholarship applications. The average time that I spent in preparing the application was between 10 – 12 days. My first application was accepted by the Erasmus+ Program but as I was working at the field so I couldn’t find enough time to prepare for the IELTS exam, and because of that I got rejected. After this, I was a little disappointed but again, I started working on the applications, and during my rotation from the work I started preparing for IELTS and appeared in the exam. This time I got selected for four scholarships including REM Erasmus+ (UK, Spain, France), UNESCO/POLAND Research Fellowship, Chinese Govt. Scholarship, and HEC Indigenous Scholarship. Further, my parents supported me in my decision to switch the field of study and I preferred to choose Europe over other countries for my higher studies. Moreover, I would say that selection of a field is not a challenge, the only condition is that it should be your real interest and you believe that you will do best in it.

Q.6) You have been so much into the research side, but seeing the lack of R&D culture in Pakistani Industries and Academia, what strategy would you suggest we adopt in order to overcome this dilemma?

It is unfortunate to say that there are many researchers who want to do best in their field and serve the country, but they are not provided with the opportunities. However, we need to focus on quality research rather than adding multiple research papers to our profiles. The only way to deal with it is to encourage the researchers to bring

29

Graduate Experience

Petrospective 2022 innovative ideas on the table. The main thing that we lack in is ‘’appreciation’’, although if one tries to showcase his/her potential no one appreciates them. Further, I would suggest doing research in collaboration with industry professionals, where you can learn some industrial tools and practices that can help you in your personal development so that you could do better in this field.

Q.7) Do you think that Pakistan will soon adopt the Renewable energy resources as a considerate field? What future do you see relating to the energy industry?

In Pakistan, I don’t see renewable energy growing rapidly in the next few years. This is high time for Pakistan to learn from other countries, where renewables are serving as a leading-edge in terms of energy development and its access to the public. The point here is not to focus completely on renewable energy, but there must be a balance of energy using the mix of resources. In 2018, Pakistan was ranked 103rd on Energy Trilemma Index which demonstrates the scale for three indicators i.e. energy security, environmental sustainability and energy equity. However, in 2019 it dropped to 110th position.

Considering this, the renewable energy policy must be revisited.

Q.8) How has the overall professional experience of working for Renewable/wind energy been for your career?

I have become passionate to learn more about wind energy as I see it as the future of energy. This is the reason I chose my final year project related to it, which is quite interesting for me, and I am enjoying every part of it.

Q.9) Can you explain a little bit about your research project associated with the Master's Degree?

I am working on the computational fluid dynamics simulations for the flow around horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) using Reynold’s-Averaged Navier Stokes Equations (RANSE) with the help of a CFD Solver CD-Adapco STARCCM+, where my purpose is to determine the mode and location of transition from the laminar-turbulent boundary layer on the

wind turbine blade – which significantly affects its aerodynamic performance.

However, transition modelling is not intuitive but is an intriguing phenomena in the field of fluid dynamics, it’s nearly impossible to capture all the temporal and spatial details of the turbulent flow around a wind turbine although there are multiple CFD codes used apart from RANSE that serve a best purpose depending on what an engineer intends to do. In the end, there appears to be a compromise between the performance and accuracy since one needs to access high computational resources to achieve high-fidelity simulations. In such a case, my project would highlight the capability of the RANSE method to predict the transition.

Q.10)What special advice do you have for students seeking to qualify graduate scholarships in foreign countries?

I would like to request my fellow engineers and students, if you are intending to apply for the graduate scholarships do invest a lot of time on your application and make it a living document that presents you. Often, the selection committees tend to identify your genuine interest in the intended course, and they put a great emphasis on the motivation.

Before this, if you were not able to secure a good GPA, it is not the end of the world – there are plenty of online websites where you can take courses relating to your field of study and fill the gap in your applicatio.

Q.11) Lastly, what motivational message would you like to convey to your readers?

Be a lifetime learner, learn everyday and from everyone. Everything is possible in this world, you can do it – if you are getting a short-term opportunity go for it instead of wasting your time. Further, don’t stick to an opportunity which is not of your real interest because personal satisfaction is what is needed in life. To conclude, the right time is ‘’NOW’’ as Jack Welch, GE (Chairman and CEO) once said

30

‘’Change before you’ve to’’.

ARTICLES Background by: Wes Hicks

Petrospective 2022

T he

trend in the exploitation of complex and extreme unconventional reservoirs is increasing globally, due to depleting conventional reservoirs and surging demand from developing countries like India, China, and Malaysia (Q. Cao (Schlumberger) 2016). The exploitation of unconventional resources is a challenging task, as when it comes to subsurface most of the things are uncertain and the unconventional resources don’t obey Classical Petroleum Engineering principles like Material Balance (Conservation of Mass), Archie Equation, Darcy Law, etc.

The old school material balancing equation fails to simulate the performance of unconventional reservoirs, and to perform successful numerical simulation, a bulk of data is required by an engineer to perform successful numerical simulation. Most of the robust reservoir models are built or tuned according to past performance data and proxy models. Therefore, substitute approaches are getting more popular in the Oil and Gas Industry that utilizes Data Analytics and Machine Learning

algorithms to predict subsurface properties through advanced levels of computations.

(Mohaghegh 2017) Multiple Data driven approaches commingled up with Petroleum Engineering principles are proving themselves to be the best solution to understanding the complexities of resources and corporate decision making. In this article, we will be discussing a powerful data-driven algorithm, known as Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The ANN is inspired by complex networks of neurons present in the human brain, it mimics intellectual capabilities present in the human or animal brain. (Aggarwal) One of the advantages of ANN is that it can perform multiple iterations to generate results and validate them without being explicitly programmed each time.

The structure of ANN consists of an input layer, a hidden layer (neurons), and an output layer. The input layer feeds information (data) to the hidden layer through the firing activation function, and the hidden layer consisting of neurons performs computations by weighting function to the evident data.

After a threshold point is achieved, the hidden

Biologically inspired Artificial Neural Network, (Aggarwal) & (Q. Cao (Schlumberger) 2016)

32

Applied Statistical and Data Analytics for Analysing Reservoir’s Performance layer passes on the information (data) to the output layer (Aggarwal). The ANNs require a huge volume of data set, its application is extremely rare with less volume of data to train the model. This algorithm has been tested with different data sets in the past decade, but it proved itself to be an effective tool. The general applications of Neural Networks are; 1. Classification; detect the patterns and organize them into their predefined classes 2. Clustering; detection of a unique feature and classification without requiring any prior knowledge of the data 3. Associating; after being trained with a pattern, the Neural Network can identify them and associate it with the most comparable version 4. Predictions; it can perform predictions based on the input data and give output close to expected

8. EOR/CO2 Injection; The ANN can be used as a screening tool for the selection of EOR methods and to check the effectiveness of CO2 injection for the recovery of oil. ANN is also being employed as a screening tool for Carbon Sequestration projects.

References

As the Drilling and Production Operation in Oil and Gas generates ample volume of data (Big Data), therefore ANN has plenty of applications in Petroleum Engineering Practices to mitigate uncertainties: (Husam H. Alkinani 2019) 1. Uncertainties in Reservoir Performance; The ANNs in combination with Monte Carlo Simulation can be used to simulate the possible outcomes and eliminate probability distributions.

2. Reservoir Characterization (Rock and Fluid); The ANNs are used to predict porosities, permeabilities, saturations, and the type of fluid present in the reservoir.

3. Performance Forecasting; ANNs have applications in forecasting the performance of oil and gas rates from the well.

4. Geo-mechanical Characterization; can be used to synthesize shear and compressional travel time logs.

5. Downhole Fluid Analysis; To determine the GOR (Gas Oil Ratio) real time during down-hole fluid analysis.

6. Temperature Distribution; Temperature distributions can be predicted in Thermal EOR methods.

7. Well Testing; ANNs can be used to analyze pressure transient data.

33

1. Husam H. Alkinani, A. T. T. A.-H., Shari Dunn-Norman, Ralph E. Flori, Mortadha T. Alsaba, Ahmed S. Amer (2019). Applications of Artificial Neural Networks in the Petroleum Industry: A Review. S. o. P. Engineers. SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference, Manama, Bahrain.

2. Q. Cao (Schlumberger), R. B., S. Gupta, J. Li, W. Zhou, B. Jeyachandra (2016). Data Driven Production Forecasting using Machine Learning.

3. Mohaghegh, S. D. (2017). Shale Analytics; Data-Driven Analytics in Unconventional Resources.

4. Aggarwal, C. C. Neural Networks and Deep Learning, Springer.

Petrospective 2022

Throughout

human history, we have seen numerous revolutions making their profound mark on people’s lives. Haitian, French, American, Russian and Iranian revolutions to name a few. These revolutions accompanied mass unrest, violence, bloodshed, massacres, dismantling of monarchies (mostly with the replacement of new kinds of monarchies) and a general shift in political dynamics of a nation.

Contrary to these revolutions, historians also point out a different kind of revolution; scientific revolutions. These are a little calmer and their effects are a bit longer. These revolutions didn’t topple governments but challenged the rotten notions that science had about itself. These are instances when Copernicus and Galileo during the 15th and 16th century proposed that Earth wasn’t the center of the solar system but the Sun was; thus challenging the widely accepted system that was given by Ptolemy and Aristotle. This heliocentric model needed some consolidation through observations and mathematical evidence. Tycho Brahe provided those accurate observations and Johannes Kepler formulated the equations for planetary motions during the 17th Century. Now jump cut to 21st century where space exploration is booming; information related to cosmos and astronomy is easily accessible; and we can safely say:

The Industrial Revolution that started in the 18th century marked another shift for mankind and some aspects of daily lives were affected due to it.

Products that were manufactured by bare hands were being manufactured by machines. Steam powered and water powered engines provided the ease in transportation and the development of other machine tools. Invention of textile machinery such as Spinning Jenny and Roberts Loom boosted the textile production. Textile industry became the dominant sector during that era. The dark side of this period is the harsh working conditions. We can read about the struggles of the working class in the literary publications of Charles Dickens and Friedrich Engels.

1. Heliocentric model: An astronomical model in which the planets (including the Earth) revolve around the Sun.

Figure 1: A Roberts Loom

Source: National Museum of American History

34

The Green Revolution projections and the statistics behind those projections failed?

Economists and historians now indicate an important event that occurred due to the implementation of scientific innovations in the agriculture sector: ­ 2. Malthusian Catastrophe: An idea that population growth is exponential while food production is linear thus deprivation of food resources is imminent.

Pay-Offs of the Green Revolution :

Figure 2: Spinning Jenny Image by World History Archive

Road to Green Revolution

A Stanford Biologist Paul Ehlrich with his wife Anne authored a popular book titled The Population Bomb in 1968. They alarmed the public about the famine explosion and subsequent increase in death rates due to the overpopulation in various parts of the world.

Two passages from that book are presented here:

Those apocalyptic predictions didn’t come true.

Populations did increase rapidly but death rates didn’t. Paul Ehlrich was sounding off another 18th century English economist Thomas Malthus who had given the concept of Malthusian Catastrophe in 1798. In his essay on the perils of overpopulation, Malthus writes:

­

The Ehlrichs didn’t predict the future correctly like Thomas Malthus but they managed to raise concerns of the governments. So what happened in the 60’s and the 70’s that prevented frequent famines in developing nations? Why did the

Between 1950 to the late 1960s, newest technology was introduced in the agriculture department which increased the crop yield on a global scale. Development of high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of wheat and rice, expansion of irrigation systems, smart methods of cultivation, increased distribution of pesticides, fertilizers and hybridized seeds to the farmers were the factors that lead to the growth in agricultural production.

[3] International Agriculture Research Centers (IARCs) started experimenting after WW2 especially in Mexico. The research was supported by the U.S government, Mexican government, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and Rockefeller Foundation. An American agronomist Norman Borlaug spearheaded these projects. After years of on-field trials, a wheat of Japanese origin NORIN-10 was bred in Mexican climates by providing it lots of nitrogen and protecting it from pests. Development of high-yielding and disease resistant wheat varieties also followed. Similarly, international scientists joined forces to breed a high-yielding semi dwarf rice IR8.

Adopting from Mexico, this wave of revolution took hold of Chile and Colombia soon. The manufacturing giant FORD Company cooperated with Indian scientists so India can prevent millions from starvation. (And also the USA can gain political influence during the Cold War). Huge amounts of hybridized seeds were shipped from Mexico to India. They saw an astonishing increase in crop yield. India eventually became a leading rice-exporter in the coming decades.

Vast regions in Brazil were deemed unsuitable for farming because the soil was highly acidic. For reducing the acidity, large quantities of lime were poured. Soil eventually became fit for farming, and the Brazilian farmers started producing soybean.

Now, Brazil stands as the second biggest soybean exporter in the world. [4]

35

The Green Revolution The Nobel Prize winning Father of Green Revolution, Norman Borlaug, responded to the critics by this statement:

­

­

Figure 3: The Cerrado region of Brazil Source: Bloomberg

3. High-yielding varieties of crops: Crops

possessing combination of traits instead of conventional varieties. They usually have a higher crop yield per area and disease resistant.

Pakistan also enjoyed a burst of Green Revolution during 1958-60 but the government couldn’t sustain its output for a long run. It did have some positive impacts on the agriculture and economy for that short span. [5] African nations couldn’t triumphantly adopt the agricultural projects like Mexico and India.

Only two prominent examples are recorded from that continent. One is Guinea (a country in West Africa) where rice cultivation rose considerably over time. The second is Malawi; located in Southeast Africa; which after years of chronic hunger began a subsidy program so the small-time farmers can conveniently buy seeds and fertilizers. The program resulted in Malawi producing extremely large quantities of maize so much so that it was termed as a miracle. [6]

In addition to environmental concerns, harmful impacts of pesticides (most popularly DDT) on humans have also been indicated in several studies. Likelihood of cancer increases if proper SOPs (Standard Operating Procedures) are ignored. [7] Studies show that famine is not only an issue of food unavailability but also a matter of government incompetence and overall regulation of resources. Research conducted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) concluded that by 2050 the world’s population will increase one-third. The food production has to increase by 70% to sustain the population surge. [8] There is an obvious need for improvement and that’s precisely what scientists are looking for.

Techniques and technologies are being tested and applied in different parts of the world to enhance the yield and make farming safer. The term Second Green Revolution (or New Green Revolution) has already been coined for the next stage of innovation

References

[1] P. R. Ehlrich, The Population Bomb, Ballantine Books, 1968.

The famous Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza [2] T. R. Malthus, "An Essay on the Principle said: of Population," 1798.

[3] H. K. &. J. Blewitt, Sustainable Business: Key Issues, 2015.

[4] P. Cremaq, "Brazilian agriculture: The miracle of the Cerrado," The Economist, 2010.

The same principle applies to the Green [5] D. Dwyer, "History: The Green Revolution Revolution as well. Although it might have won in Pakistan," HNRS 353, [Online]. Available: in preventing famines and malnutrition in https://hnrs353.wordpress.com/history/history-t different regions, there were some long lasting he-green-revolution-in-pakistan/. environmental impacts that scientists couldn’t [6] N. Blythe, "Malawi's Maize Miracle," BBC have predicted at the beginning. Effects on wild News, 2009. and agricultural biodiversity has been criticized [7] ND. Loyn, "Punjab suffers from adverse by environmentalists. The dependency on effect of Green revolution," BBC News, 2008. non-renewable resources also has raised [8] "How to Feed the World in 2050," Food and concerns.

Agriculture Organization, 2018.

36

Petrospective 2022

­ ­

For

a living standard, Energy has been a significant factor throughout human history.

Humans were dependent on wood and animals for the transformation of energy. However, there was a good revolution in the energy sector when the first crude oil was discovered in Pennsylvania in 1859 by Colonel Edwin Drake.

Discoveries & production of new wells were made, From there, the Crude Oil become one of the most complex and diverse substances containing many organic by-products such as Lubricants, Slack wax, Paraffins wax, Sulfur, Asphalts, Coke, Ethylene, BTX, Coal tar, Dyes, Detergent, Antifungal compounds, etc. About 90% of energy would be fulfilled by fossil fuels such as Oil, Gas and coal. [1] The demand for Oil market and its price rose and fell with the events of the World from 2$/barrel in 1876 to 0.5$/barrel in 1892 as the United States and Russia both of them increases their production and from there to 1960 the prices for crude oil remained straight.

The international Oil companies (OIS) like Shell, Gulf Oil, BP, Exxon, Chevron, Mobil came into existence as Seven Sisters and dominated the world’s 85% of Oil reserves in 1970. In the late 1960 representatives from Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait & Venezuela formed an Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and included Libya, UAE, Qatar, Indonesia, Algeria, Nigeria, Gabon, and Ecuador to reduce the competition between their nations and controlling prices. This led the Non-OPEC countries to behave as an oligopolistic fringe. [2] The USA and USSR remained in control for the oil prices but influence soon shifted to OPEC – as emphasised in 1973 when its members opted to embargo countries supporting Israel War (Supported by U.S). Global Oil market prices increased from $2.5 in 1972 to $11.6 by 1974.

During this period there were the discoveries of new oil fields in North Sea areas of Norway and the United Kingdom. The Brent crude was then benchmark prices along with WTI crude.

1. Oil boom and US Civil War - 1862-1865 2. Discovery of oil at Spindletop – 1901 3. World War I - 1914-1918 4. West coast gas famine – 1920 5. Beginning of the great depression – 1929 6. World War II - 1939-1945 7. Suez crisis – 1956 8. Israel War – 1973 9. Iranian revolution - 1970-1980 10. Iraq-Iran War- 1980-1988 11. Gulf War - 1990-1991 12. Asian financial crisis – 1997 13. Iraq War - 2003-2011 14. Arab Spring - 2010-2012

Courtesy of bankingnews.gr

37

2 Centuries and the Oil Industry

There was a hike in the crude price from 1979-1980 reaching around 37$ as Iran cut down its productions during the Iranian revolution and Iran-Iraq War and the upswings in the crude prices continued to $41.00 during Gulf War when Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1991.

The US invasion of Iraq in 2003 created uncertainty about the future supply of oil, and at the same time, Asian demand (driven by China) increased massively, contributing to a rise from $28.38 in July 2000 to over $146.02 in July 2008. The U.S invaded Iraq just for the sake of the oil industry which gave rise to the Arab Spring. [3] From there, prices fell and rebounded as a result of the global financial crisis, reaching $126.48 following the Arab Spring of 2011, which again created supply shortages.

Source: Price obtained from EIA After the 2014, the downfall of Oil industry started as the number of factors involved for this oil glut. China being the largest country by population lowered it’s demand for oil . The

same country which propelled up the oil prices in 2008. The production of Oil from Shale formation by U.S private companies through hydraulic fracturing had a significant impact on the downfall of Oil prices. Meanwhile the Canadian government started extracting Oil from Sand’s of Alberta. Saudi Arabia's decision to keep its production stable also contributed to the 2014 oil glut. The country had faced with a decision between letting prices continue to drop or ceding market share by cutting production to increase prices.

2010 - 2020 Initiating from the mid of the last decade, the global market saw an overabundance of oil supply. Economic experts provide multiple factors for the 2010’s oil glut. Canada and U.S production of tight (shale) oil increased considerably and political tensions between rival nations grew. Environmental policies also pressured developed countries to shift towards an energy sector dependent on Renewable sources. From the price of oil being 125 USD in 2012, it dropped to 30 USD by January 2016.

World’s economies suffered a lot but the worst fortunes were faced by Cuba and Venezuela. [2] [3] To put into perspective, behold this quote from an oil broker: ­ ­

There was a period of gradual stabilization afterwards; and the price (Brent Oil) rose to 87 USD in October 2018.

Although, the year 2020 proved to be another tough year for the oil industry.

The COVID-19 pandemic had disturbed the normal workings of factories and oil transportation. Amidst of all the commotion, economic tensions between Russia and Saudi-Arabia arose in March 2020. The conflict erupted between the two sides when Russia refused to minimize oil production which was proposed by the OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries).

This caused the prices to fall drastically.

[4] The oil producing nations tried their level best to look for ways to maintain the oil prices.

38

2 Centuries and the Oil Industry By observing the situation of 2 centuries, it had been noticed that the oil prices had been disturbing occasionally. But, after every negative turn the prices rise after taking ample time and thus hold their positive back to normal.

REFERENCES

1. Speight, J.G., 2016. Handbook of petroleum refining. CRC press.

2. Lin Lawell, C.Y.C., 2013. Market power in the world oil market: Evidence for an OPEC cartel and an oligopolistic non-OPEC fringe.

3. Juhasz, A., 2013. Why the war in Iraq was fought for Big Oil. Available from: edition. cnn. com/2013/03/19/opinion/iraq-war-oil-juhasz [Accessed 23 August 2013].

4. EIA (2011). World Oil Trasnit Chokepoints, February.

5. V. Burnett, ""Amid Grim Economic Forecasts, Cubans Fear a Return to Darker Times"," The New York Times, 2016.

6. "Venezuela's economy: Medieval policies"," The Economist, 2014.

7. A. Evans-Pritchard, ""Goldman eyes $20 oil as glut overwhelms storage sites"," The Telegraph, 2015.

8. T. Jacobs, "OPEC+ Moves to End Price War With 10 Million B/D Cut," Journal of Petroleum Technology, 2020.

39

Petrospective 2022

Source: AIChe Journal - Natural Gas Hydrates

PhD Research Scholar at China University of Petroleum Lecturer at Mehran University of Engineering & Technology , Pakistan

Background: Investigation approach in South Asian offshore has been reported by certain researchers at different locations, for instance.

It has been reported from the investigation made on tests conducted during expeditions made in offshore territories of India that natural gas hydrate traces were found accumulated in a variety of complex geological settings in place. Moreover, core samples were also recovered which confirmed the presence of hydrate bearing sediments at bottom simulating reflectors (Collett et al, 2014). On the contrary, it is also assessed from the laboratory inspection of pressured core samples retrieved from sediments of Indian Ocean that the location is geo-mechanically challenged as hydrate bearing sands are immersed with mud, so drilling through these locations could be disastrous (Lin et al, 2018).

However, if drilling is limited to the depth of hydrate bearing sediments the production of gas from these hydrates can yield more promising energy outcomes. Whereas, in Pakistan also some expedition studies have been conducted to hunt the natural gas hydrates. Zafarullah et al. (2017) studied the development of marine functional zoning in China and proposed the same strategy for Pakistan to develop its marine frontier. This study provided a strategic path to expand the coastal planning and development activities by allocating the coastal and marine resources based on their natural distributed capacity and utilizing them under a justifiable system.

Natural gas hydrates are one of those natural 40

Natural Gas Hydrates resources which have been successfully exploited

by China from the South China Sea. A. Inam et al.

(2010) published a report focusing on exploring and assessing the presence and potential of natural gas hydrates in the Arabian Sea. The report also proved to be a facilitator medium for promoting the regional research and development activity on natural gas hydrates. This report reviewed all the offshore investigation activities conducted in the Arabian Sea and pinpointed the postulates related to bottom simulating reflectors and hydrate occurrence. The report successfully concluded the presence of natural gas hydrates below the seafloor of the Arabian Sea, near Makran Coast (as mentioned in figure 1).

Figure 1. Regional map of Pakistan emphasizing the area with potential hydrate presence (Figure includes a portion considered from Bohrmann, 2008).

Hunting the natural gas hydrates In fact, gas production from hydrates is still commercially unaccepted because very limited ventures have been launched in this domain.

However, all those limited projects have shown very promising results. Indeed, the recent researches have proved to be a compound effort to vindicate the potential of gas hydrates in Pakistan.

For instance the role of thermal cameras helps to understand the thermodynamic behavior of subsea natural gas hydrates so that the presence of hydrates can be assured (as mentioned in figure 2).

Tracing the hydrates in an offshore environment is a difficult task because they exist at shallow depths with abnormal temperature and pressure conditions, which are not only tough to trace but also cannot be signposted directly. Various methods have been proposed to identify hydrate presence but all of these methods are indirect and uncertain.

Usually, the geological conditions do not match with hydrate equilibrium’s condition.

41

Figure 2. Detailed investigation conducted on thermal image on the basis of test results to detect thermal anomaly in the marked area.

Summary: The exploration activities in the Arabian Sea revealed that the gas hydrates buried under Makran Coast are around 29% saturated with methane gas and 7.5% free gas also exists with hydrates. Further, the Bottom Simulating Reflectors (BSRs) in the Arabian Sea are traced at the depth of 500 to 800 m below the seafloor.

On the other hand, demand for natural gas rises by 60 to 75 MMCFD every year in Pakistan; therefore, the development of natural gas hydrates can be a potential source of natural gas supply in near future.

References: 1. Ubedullah Ansari, et al, (2019): Predicting the

Presence of Natural Gas Hydrates Potential in the Maritime Regions of Pakistan by Correlating Experimental Study and Pre-Available Seismic Surveys, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects.

2. Collett, T. S. et al. 2014. Geologic implications of gas hydrates in the offshore of India: Results of the national gas hydrate program expedition 01. Marine and Petroleum Geology 58 (2014) 3. Lin, J.-S. et al. 2018. Assessing the geomechanical stability of interbedded hydrate-bearing sediments under gas production by depressurization at NGHP-02 Site 16. Marine and Petroleum Geology.

4. Zafarullah, et al. 2017. A study on the development of marine functional zoning in China and its guiding principles for Pakistan. Ocean & Coastal Management 144 (2017):40–50.

5. Inam, A. et al. 2010. Gas Hydrates resource potential of South Asia: PAKISTAN. Report submitted to Petroleum Re Development Secretariat 6. Bohrmann, G., and cruise participants. 2008. Report and preliminary results of R/V meteor cruise M74/3, cold seeps of the Makran subduction zone (continental margin of Pakistan). Berichte, Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Universität Bremen, No. 266, 161 pages.Bremen, 2008

Petrospective 2022

­

Oil and gas are experiencing their second

price collapse since I decided to become part of this industry; merely within seven years. This sounds like (and indeed is) a ruthless industry, with high risk but also high reward. It is no doubt that this domain is laden with challenges, yet what continues to inspire me is the resilience that the people involved show to come out stronger. Such resilience results in continuous innovation. For this article, I will try to briefly discuss ensemble-based uncertainty centric reservoir modeling, why one should consider it, and its advantages over traditional approaches. This is a methodology that I have been personally involved with and it is rapidly being adopted in the industry around the globe.

A reservoir model approximates what lies in the subsurface and how it behaves. Ideally, it should be able to capture the geology together with the physics involved. One of the major values that reservoir models are perceived to provide is their ability to forecast the future performance of a reservoir (the validity of this statement will be taken with a grain of salt by those of us who have worked with real field models and have encountered surprises along the way). This forecast is what gets translated into an economic language to be presented to the company’s management/stakeholders for value creation. Similarly, these forecasts form the basis for capital intensive decisions to be made for the development and operation of a field.

Making a wrong decision in such a scenario is management’s worst nightmare.

Yet, traditionally such decisions are widely made based on the bias of one single estimate, called the ’base case’ model. Such an approach fails to effectively address the uncertainty that the subsurface is highly laden with.

One of the great statistical minds of the 20th century, George E. Box, stated ‘All models are

wrong, but some are useful’. Generally, confidence is gained in a reservoir model if through simulation it can mimic the historic performance (match historic rates and pressures) in the reservoir. Conventionally, reservoir modeling is done in a stepwise approach, where the static and dynamic data thrive in separate silos. Once a static model is prepared, it is passed over to the reservoir engineer who makes large and crude modifications, often inconsistent with the static (G&G) input data, to match the simulated response with the observed field data- a process called history matching. For those familiar, history matching is a highly non-unique inverse problem, meaning that the answer (with a certain confidence) is known while there are multiple paths (uncertain inputs) to get to that answer. In the case of multi-million grid cell models, the uncertain parameters scale-up drastically and can reach billions. The history matching procedure thus becomes heavily tied to the expertise of an individual who searches for a magical combination by tuning a limited set of parameters and making large changes to match observed field data. The process to reach an ‘acceptable model’ is highly time and effort intensive- a big consequence of this is that subsurface teams become anchored to a ‘base case’, neglecting uncertainty in the G&G and dynamic domain.

One needs to acknowledge that all reservoir model predictions will start to deviate from reality (become inaccurate) at some future time. The real question then becomes: how wrong are the models? This means understanding the predictive power of these models. It is here that the idea of ensemble-based modeling comes to the ‘rescue’.

An ensemble is a collection of reservoir models. In an ensemble of reservoir models, multiple equiprobable geologic realizations are generated incorporating uncertainty in all the available model parameters (i.e. 3D properties, 2D 42

Ensemble-based Uncertainty Centric Reservoir Modeling surfaces, scalars that describe a full 3D reservoir model). This ensemble of models not only incorporates the static data, but also dynamic data with uncertainty. To put things in perspective, let’s say we create an ensemble of 100 models; each of those 100 models will have unique porosity, permeability, etc. realizations together with unique relative permeability curves, fault transmissibility etc. as defined within the uncertainty ranges. What follows is conditioning (history matching) all these equiprobable models to the observed data with allowed tolerances.

Ensemble-based approaches offer a Bayesian solution to the history matching problem, where the unknown reservoir model properties, x, are described through the conditional probability density function (pdf) of the model properties given the measured data, d. Through Bayes’ rule the solution is given as: f(d)=const * f(x)f(x) Generally, the posterior distribution can only be evaluated through Monte Carlo sampling techniques, however these can be infeasible due to high computational demands due to slow convergence. An alternate approach is to use ensemble Kalman based methods (introduced first by Geir Evensen) which provide a scalable solution to the history matching problem.

Consequently, one obtains 100 equiprobable models, all conditioned to the observed data.

Since these models can be quite different from each other, the forecasts that come from them can also be significantly different. Figure 1 below demonstrates this concept.

In an ensemble-based approach, there is no ‘one’ correct model but the ensemble response itself defines the uncertainty for a chosen forecast response at a given future time.

Analyzing uncertainty from an ensemble can be highly useful not only since it can give an insight about the confidence of a specific forecast response, but also because it can reveal useful information on potential bias and multi-modality (multiple response clouds) in the forecast response.

Such comprehensive information coming from an ensemble enables organizations to make informed and timely decisions, often liberating teams from a biased case-based anchored approach. Ensemble-based modeling methods have gained immense recognition in the past decade, thanks to advancements in computing capabilities. The methodology is challenging the traditional approach, and this is something that I urge the readers to emphasize on; ­ ­ ­

43

Petrospective 2022

Production

from many oil fields becomes restricted as the reservoir pressure drops during the life of a field. The production and total recovery from a field are further restricted as water-cut increases. Maintaining production and improving total recovery from a mature oil field, require the use of a variety of production boosting solutions. With the aging of marginal fields, the operating companies can only invest in production boosting systems if the business case is attractive and there is a relatively short payback period for the invested capital.

Compared to alternative production boosting solutions, the use of jet pump technology is one of the most cost effective and simple ways to improve production and extend the life of a mature oil field.

Hydraulic pumping is a proven artificial lift method that has been used since the early 1930s.

Several thousand oil wells have been produced with hydraulic pumps, and the number of new hydraulic installations is increasing yearly. As the volume, size, depth, and deviation of producing wells continue to increase, the application of hydraulic lift installations will also continue to increase. Successful applications have included setting depths

ranging from 500 to 19,000 ft and production rates varying from less than 100 to 20,000 B/D (Brown 1977).

The key components of a Jet Pump (JP) are the nozzle and throat. The ratio of the areas of these two parts is referred to as the area ratio of the pump, and it determines the performance characteristics of the pump. Power fluid is pumped at a given Power fluid is pumped at a given rate (QS) to the down-hole jet pump where it reaches a nozzle with a total pressure PN as shown in Fig. 1.

This high-pressure liquid is then directed through the nozzle, which converts the fluid from a low velocity, high static pressure flow to a high velocity, low static pressure flow (PS). The low static pressure (PS) allows well fluids to flow from the reservoir at the desired production rate (QS) into the well bore and pump.

Once downhole data was received, the data was used to evaluate the well model with the current configuration and dynamics of the well with the jet pump, as given in Table 4. Fig. 5 shows the IPR and OPR curves generated after re-evaluating the well using JEMS. The well showed very good prospects of production. Using a 200-hp surface pumping unit jet pump with the same 7A N/T combination, the well produced 250 to 360 BPD,

44

Remediating Dying Wells in Pakistan

Another approach is to do a workover and install a bottom hole assembly (BHA) of the jet pump. This would enable the use of a high-volume jet pump with larger N/T combinations and could increase the production to 97% compared with previous levels. In this way, a jet pump can be run in and retrieved out of the hole in freestyle while eliminating the additional cost of slickline or coil-tubing intervention.

On the other hand, debris buildup issues in a downhole jet pump can be resolved by using preventive chemicals. For this purpose, fluid analysis of scale/paraffin/wax buildup needs to be carried out for selecting the chemicals that can be injected into the tubing/casing to minimize any buildup issues with the help of a chemical injection pump integrated with the surface pumping unit. (S. A. K. 2016)

Reference

1. S. A. K., K. Farouque, A. B. Awan, C. S. Louis (2016). Reviving the Production of a Dead Well by testing it with Hydraulic Jet Pump. S. o. P. Engineers. SPE Middle East Artificial Lift Conference and Exhibition, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain.

Freepik - Oil Field by kotkoa

45

Petrospective 2022

EOR – Enhanced oil recovery is turning out to be a game changer in this 21st century. Although there are many ways of EOR which include gas injection, fluid injection and recently microbial enhanced oil recovery is the talk of the town.

EOR techniques are quite critical when it comes to estimating economic feasibility, as not all EOR techniques are economically feasible. A new era of EOR has introduced SOLAR THERMAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY which is a direct drive from the idea of thermal EOR.[1] Initially, the aim is to let the rays of the sun be penetrated to heat the fluid mainly water to such a temperature that it produces steam, as reservoirs always have a huge amount of fluid that is not flowing due to its high viscosity or due to the small pore size, the permeability is very low. Solar thermal EOR is turning out to be a vital way of replacing the gas fired steam production. It can easily produce the same amount of gas at 400 C and 2500 psi. Even if the steam injection rate is not constant still it can produce at a required rate. [1]

­ also known as Central towers or HELIOSTAT power plants are designed in such a way that they can easily trap the sun’s rays. It has several tracking mirrors which are in hundreds to thousands. Therefore, an enormous amount of energy is produced which is then used to heat the fluid mainly water or molten salt. Another advantage of this tower is, at higher energy rates it can produce electricity as well which can also be stored for later use. In case there is a cloudy weather or not enough sunshine and also it can fulfill the demands of electricity on the rig side.[2]

Figure 1 : Power Tower (Courtesy sciencedirect.com)

­ To meet all the

particular requirements, the enclosed trough is architecture in such a way that it is fully protected from rough weather, heavy rains, and dust storms which are quite common in the fields. It’s a kind of a greenhouse like structure that is actually a glass house. A tracking system is placed inside the house which guides the mirror in such a way that it tracks the rays and positions them into steel pipes. For this purpose, very light weighted mirrors are used in this structure. Steam can be made with the help of water available in the oil field. The water is then allowed to enter which runs throughout the steel pipes, without the help of any heat exchanger or any other fluid. The steam which is produced is then allowed to enter directly into the field's existing steam distribution network, where the workers inject the steam continuously deep down into the oil reservoir. Safeguarding the whole project mainly mirrors from the rough weather results in achieving higher temperature rates and prevents dust from building up as a result of exposure to humidity. “SOLAR” the company which created this method of Enclosed Trough has said that their technology can easily produce heat for EOR for about $5 per million British thermal units in regions where weather is mostly clear with bright sunshine [3]

46

Squeezing Out The Fluid By Solar Thermal Enhanced Oil Recovery

CURRENT PROJECTS OF SOLAR EOR Figure 2 : Inside view of enclosed trough system (en.wikipedia.org)

California is one of those states

where the first solar EOR project was built. The geographic location of California has its own importance as it gets maximum sunshine and this state is also enriched with large oil reserves. Here, for the very first time the enclosed trough technology was used. This multipurpose project was surprisingly completed within six weeks and it was fully functional in February 2011. An area of 1 acre was used to set up the project which is producing approximately one billion BTUS per hour of heat.

Figure 4 : Solar EOR Project in Amal, Oman (greentechmedia.com)

­ In 2009 the market of

EOR was $4.6 billion, which reached $16.2 million in 2014, As solar thermal EOR is introduced in the market the rate is expected to go further higher. Even when it comes to cost competitive with gas, solar EOR has a clear edge over it. The equipment life is almost 30 years. It's a safe and secure investment that attracts investors as many other countries are also considering working on solar EOR.

REFERENCES 1. World's first commercial solar EOR project begins [1] 2. Mahdi, Wael (21 May 2013). "GlassPoint Solar Sees Interest from Middle East Oil Firms". Bloomberg. Retrieved 25 June 2013. [2] 3. Ali Khan, Ghulam (May 2013). "PDO Commissions Solar EOR Project". Muscat Daily. Retrieved 25 June 2013. [3] 4. "Petroleum Development Oman Selects GlassPoint to Build First Solar Enhanced Oil Recovery Pilot in Gulf Region".

Figure 3 : World's First Solar EOR - California (en.wikipedia.org) Reuters. 3 August 2011. Retrieved 25 June 2013. [4]

In the middle east, Oman is one of the first countries which deployed the solar EOR in 2013. A solar EOR of 7MW gives around 50 tons of free steam which is used to facilitate thermal EOR. In his first year, the system successfully achieved the production targets. It was more than expected as there was a severe dust storm.[4]

47

Petrospective 2022

­

The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI), in the

consisting of significant patterns, are trained through early 1980s, has taken the world by storm. AI various machine learning techniques. This learning utilization has been presented in various module then allows the end-user to forecast values. applications, from business industries to the These methods can be used in Petroleum Engineering healthcare sector. It combines human intelligence to run simulations, predict outputs, forecast the overall with computer power to come up with the optimized hydrocarbon production, and determine the NPV of the solution to a variety of complex problems in a short project. In contrast, Data Science uses the same data for period. It neither gets exhausted nor emotional while data analysis, and extracting insightful information for dealing with a large amount of data, which shows its a project, resulting in optimization and determining capability of handling big data sets with accuracy relationships between the parameters involved [3].

Though the AI is currently in the development stage and precision. This technology has provided new avenues for the world to run in a diversified way. of Petroleum Engineering, the following applications These reasons have made AI bring the notable have already been published in various literature [2].

Industrial Revolution of the century. Besides all ● Estimation of PVT properties. these facts, its potential is not fully exploited by the ● Estimation of geomechanical and geochemical parameters Petroleum Industry, and it is yet in the development ● Estimation of Casing design, and other drilling stages [1, 2]. parameters. ● Determination of logging responses, and identification

of the type and nature of formation Although the application of AI in the Petroleum ● Evaluation of hydraulic fracturing performance.

Industry is limited. It has shown significant potential ● Identification of hydraulic flow units. in dealing with various Petroleum Engineering ● Well testing parameters estimation. applications. It provides a diversified way of dealing ● Determination and prediction of the relationship with the exploration, development, and production between porosity and permeability. problems with getting hands-on solutions in a short ● Determination of optimized well locations. time with greater accuracy, and more than the ● Reservoir Surveillance and Production Management. thinking potential of a human. In Petroleum In conclusion, AI can handle massive data sets, Engineering, the research relating to AI is increasing perform predictions on those data, analyze their day by day, and the companies are looking forward relationships, and provide comprehensive solutions to to investing in this technology as they regard it as a the problems. Since the Petroleum Industry is all about future of the Petroleum Industry. As per the data, this technology will likely contribute significantly International Energy Agency (IEA), the in the coming years to the Petroleum Industry. digitalization of technology can help reduce Therefore, the early adoption of this technology will production costs by 10-20 percent and increase benefit the current companies to become an influential hydrocarbon reservoirs by around 5 percent [1]. workforce of the future.

The implementation of AI becomes a need of the REFERENCES hour as the traditional simulation takes a high 1. Randolph S. and McBride J. (2019). AI & Machine amount of time to solve complex engineering Learning: The Next Transformation for Oil & Gas. problems [2]. The solution to Petroleum OILMAN MAGAZINE pp. 16.

Engineering problems can be addressed through AI 2. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Petroleum Industry. by two different routes. These include Machine https://cpg.kfupm.edu.sa/knowledge/application-of-artificia l-intelligence-in-petroleum-industry/ Learning and Data Science.

Machine learning methods allow users to predict a 3. Ali U. (2019). Exploring the impact of artificial large amount of data. This technique involves intelligence on offshore oil and gas. Analysis Published in inputting a large data set, at first. Later, this data, offshore-technology.com 48

Departmental Events A reminiscence of what the Petroleum Department achieved this year

SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS

NED UNIVERSITY

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 Fueling The Future.

About us.

Why Choose Us?

The Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) - NED Chapter, founded in October 1st, 1999 is one of the largest individual-manner, world-wide forum, and professional organization whose stated aim is to encourage the technical, professional and social bond between every student of petroleum engineering and the oil and gas industry.

The SPE NED Student Chapter always appreciate to contribute an operating framework for society activities at a university level. .The chapter has distinguished itself as one of the top seven distinguished SPE chapters around the globe and has twice been crowned with the outstanding Chapter award (OCA) & Golden Status since 2010

Fresh ideas Hyper competitive Petrobowl.

Adaptive learning lectures.

Field visits Sports week Social internships Growth sessions

More grow SPE has always been proud to meet like-minded people, develop new skills and expand their horizons while studying. it also enlarges awareness for role for SPE. The yearlong Student Chapter Membership Competition motivates and rewards student chapter’s efforts to retain members.

speneduet@gmail.com https://www.spe.org/en/chapter/5698

50

Good Management The role of the committee is to provide venues for professional growth in addition to technicall opportunities. It is also charged with identifying gaps between the non technical skills that members need and . SPE manages OnePetro and PetroWiki, in addition to publishing magazines, peer-reviewed journals, and books.

Annual Progress Report 21-22

SPE ACTIVITES ONSITE/ ONLINE 2021-2022 EXECUTIVE COUNCIL BODY 2022

INTRODUCTION SPE NEDUET Student Chapter is founded on October 1st, 1999. The utmost purpose of this society is to connect dots between industry and students .This chapter has been running actively from the past years and has successfully achieved several milestones such as Petro-bowl, Field Visits, community service, technical lectures conducted by Industry Professionals and Sports Week which has truly inspired a large number of petroleum student to join SPE eagerly. Our first event was unveiling the executive council body for the tenure 2022 which were disclose through social media accounts on November 3rd, 2021.

MESSAGE FROM PRESIDENT. It was an honour serving SPE as ‘President’ for the tenure' 21-22. This platform has played a vital role in the development of technical and personal growth for myself as well as for my team. I hope the upcoming office bearers will take the society to new lengths and make this platform beneficial for the new members as well as for themselves

SPE NEDUET with immense pleasure is glad to introduce Zaigham Jawed as their President for the tenure 21-22

GENERAL BODY 1. Zaigham Jawed 2. Syed Muhammad Faiq Ali 3. Ale Javed Siddiqui 4. Syeda Fiza Sehar 5. Zunaira Nadeem 6. Ghulam Haider 7. Sahrish Nasir 8. Furqan Rashid 9. Taimoor Azeem 10. Hamza Saeed

President Vice President General Secretory Executive Director Marketing Executive Director Media

Communication & Outreach Chairperson

Social Activities Chairperson Treasurer Program Chairperson Membership Chairperson

51

ZAIGHAM JAWED President

Annual Progress Report 2021-2022

SPE HISTORICAL EVENTS PETROLEUM A.D 2021 SPE NED chapter 2022 hosted its first event ,Petroleum Annual Dinner on April 10th, 2021. In this momentous event, a warm farewell party was organized for our pass out senior Petroleum Engineers (Batch 2017). Moreover, certificates were also distributed among the students who had finished their social internship at The Bridge School (TBS). In the end , ablaze Qawwali and singing performance revived the mood of crowd.

MESSAGE FROM VICE PRESIDENT. Society of Petroleum Engineers SPE is an international society whose principal aim is to provide an unparalleled insights , share expertise and to stimulate community strength intending to fuel the success of its members and for the future of industry.

THE PETROLEUM GATSBY 2.0 Another phenomenal event, The Petroleum Gatsby 2.0 was laid out in Petroleum Garden of NEDUET on Saturday, 4th December 2021. in which an interactive project seminar took a significant interest by alumni. Moreover, Alumni and previous SPE Executive body was imparted with shield and certificates to acknowledge their roles and performance.

SYED MUHAMMAD FAIQ ALI Vice President

52

MEMBERS RECRUITEMENT DAY. SEMINAR SPE NED Chapter is always superintend to arrange adaptive learning lecture, seminar and webinars where professionals showcase their expertise in their technical fields.

These two seminars including "Oil Field Emulsion And Its Challenges " whose fluent speaker was highly qualified and esteemed personality "Shiekh Mubin Ashraf" (REL Field Incharge, MPCL) conducted on Tuesday, 28th December 2021 and "Industrial Application Of Data Science" conducted this session on Monday, 3rd January 2022. whose motivational orator and great mentor was "Syed Umaid Shah".

These two silver-tongues seminar proved to be very successful for freshers as well as final year students.

Its provided a great exposure, awareness ,valuable data in their respective fields.

53

Annual Progress Report 2021-2022

SPE WEBINARS

MS.YOGASHRI PRADHAN. “Reservoir Engineering for Unconventional Reservoirs” the first noteworthy webinar conducted on January 8th, 2022 by one of the prestige Personality Ms. Yogashri Pradhan (Reservoir Engineer in USA) where she shared her extensive knowledge on development and production of unconventional reservoir with the prospects of how unconventional resources is needed to meet global oil and gas demands.

MR. MUHAMMAD SABIR

IZHAN

Another elementary virtual session "Reservoir Modeling and simulation using MBAL and PETREL " was conducted from January 9th12th by Mohammad Izhan ( a graduate Engineer at ENI Pakistan Limited). In this webinar, students were briefed about how to predict future performance of well using MBAL and PETREL in broader aspect. The webinar not only aided students in simulating of dynamic Reservoir model but also helped them manage their Final Year Design Projects (FYDP's)..

MR.YASIR ALI SPE NEDUET solicit Mr. Yasir Ali -a coiled tubing professional to conduct an online session on “Matrix simulation design and Execution”. This session was conducted on January 10th, 2022 where he advanced his knowledge on bypassing wellbore area to enhance productivity which made students to attended the entire session with zeal.

Question Answer session was also conducted at last for entertaining queries and increase grip of students on said topic.

Contact Person:

+123-4567-890

SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS

54

Annual Progress Report 2021-2022

SPE Classroom Lectures LECTURES BY RESERVIOR ENGINEERS The sole purpose of our team is to provide SPE sections with outstanding speakers for section meetings, and to recognize the professional contributions of the selected Distinguished Lecturers. which include Mr. Syed Saud Uz Zafar ,a Senior Reservoir Engineer at Xodus group who showcased their fruitful comprehension on "Gas Condensate Reservoir" on January 22th, 2022., which highly inspired student of Petroleum Engineering to go well for Reservoir Engineering in future..

A CAREER COUNCELLING SESSION BY SPE NED SPE career counselling session by Mr. Mohsin Yousuf (Lecturer, PED ) brought the conversation to you verbally that help you adapt to the current challenges and inspire new opportunities for growth.

Contact Person:

+123-4567-890

SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS

55

INDUSTRIAL VISIT MARI SUJAWAL GAS AND CONDENSATE FIELD,THATTA MPCL IS 100% Operating company, commencied its production in March 2th ,2013.

It is cureently prodcuing around 14MMSCFD Gas & 100BBL condensate per day along with supervising four producing wells including Sujjawal X-1, Sujjal-1 and Aeeq-1..

1

2

Significances SPE got significant increment in its membership after this visit. Around 60+ students under supervision of department's faculty Lecturers and ExCom 2022 participated in this fruitful visit.

About MPCL Management

SPE NED Chapter organized MPCL Field visit where Field Incharge Mr. Saqib Abbas, the HSE advisor Mr. Abid, , production Engineer Mr. Bilal Akram and process Engineer Mr. Hamza pledged SPE member a tour of entire production and process facility.

19th March 2022,

56

SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS

LECTURE BY MR. SARMAD SIDDIQI About him “Future of the Fossil Fuel and climate change" the most noteworthy seminar of all times in SPE was conducted by one of the prestige and reputative Personality Mr. Sarmad Siddiqi who is head of field development and Reservoir Modelling at Pakistan Petroleum Limited (PPL)

About Lecture.

In this valuable session , Mr. Sarmad delightfully shared his phenomenal knowledge on how Fossil Fuel have been extensively fulfilling our demands since industrial age. He also gave an insight about Pakistan's objective to move towards clean energy by 2030 as the future of fossil fuel is key element in predicting future of energy as whole.

Tuesday, March 29th, 2022 AV Hall, Petroleum Engineering Department, NEDUET

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS 57

Annual Progress Report 2021-2022

ACHIEVEMENT 2022

SPE VIRTUAL STUDENT PAPER CONTEST 2021.

SPE utmost encourages its student to event and participate in any competition organized internationally. we are proud and honor to mention about our erudite and luminous student "Mr. Abdus Saboor" who participated in SPE Virtual student paper contest and secured 3rd position internationally.

SPE ENERGY GEOHACKTON CONTEST SPE always embolden such talented student like Ghulam Haider, an Executive director at SPE NED who participated in SPE Energy GeoHackton with his team in which they proposed a geothermal field development plan to meet 180MW energy demand of two sites in the Netherlands over the period of 20years. our participant have never fail to make SPE Chapter proud.

GHULAM HAIDER Communication and out reach Chairperson

SPE NED Students play part in SPE ADIPEC Virtual University Program held in conjunction with the 2021 Abdu Dhabi international Petroleum Exhibition and conference organized by SPE. We are proud to showcase our genius members include Abdus Saboor , Ammar Ansari, Laiba Sajid Cheema and Saman Sohail who participated in this conference and their achievement were enough to make entire SPEian Proud.

PROUD OF SPE

58

ANNUAL REPORT 2022

SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS

PETROLEUM ENGINEERS.

FUN AND THRILLS OF PERTOLEUM ENGINEERS 2022

ABOUT SPE. this society is not only lookout for career guidance and connectivity with industry Professional but it also take care of its each and every member's bliss and endure and stay thrill to celebrate forthcoming occasion excitedly.

BLACK DAY November 26,2021

59

FLAG CERMEONY

23rd March,2022

Annual Progress Report 2021-2022

Executive Body 2022

Society of Petroleum Engineers SPE NEDUET STUDENT CHAPTER

SYEDA FIZA SEHAR Executive Director Marketing

TAIMOOR AZEEM

Program chairperson

SYED FAIQ ALI Vice President

ZAIGHAM JAWED President

GULAM HAIDER

SAHRISH NASIR

Executive Director Industrial Liaison

Social Activities Chairperson

SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS

60

ALE JAVED SIDDIQUI General Sectretary

FURQAN RASHID Treasurer

ZUNAIRA NADEEM Executive Director Media

HAMZA SAEED Membership Chairperson

61

ANNUAL

REPORT

2021 - 2022

STUDENT ENERGY NEDUET CHAPTER 62

TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement

64

Executive Body

66

Seminar 1

68

Webinar

70

65

Introduction

67

Events

Nordex Trip

69

Iftaar Drive, Ration Drive

71

Seminar 3

73

Module 1

75

Executives & Directors Body

77

72

Seminar 2

74

Energizer 1.0

76

Module 2

78

Conclusion

63

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT With immense grati�ication and dignity, we at Student Energy NEDUET Chapter, extend our heartfelt gratitude to Dr Javed Hanif (HOD Petroleum Engineering Department) and Sir Mohsin Yusu�i for being our constant support system throughout the tenure and mentoring the students with perfection. This journey would not have been a success without their assistance.

In the second place, we want to thank our Student Energy team, for their meticulous hard work and diligence.

We are truly humbled and obliged to each and every one of you.

64

Student Energy Neduet Chapter

INTRODUCTION Student Energy NEDUET Chapter is a non-pro�it platform for the youth to polish

their skills and equip them with knowledge of transitioning to sustainable energy through novel techniques.

Being headquartered in Canada, Student Energy has thousands of student followers from over 20+ countries. Student Energy Chapters are a vehicle to help the passionate youth transform into transition-makers who will make the visions of sustainable energy future a reality. Student Energy Chapters are established in over 35+ highly reputed universities including University of California Davis (USA), Cambridge University (UK), Durham University (UK), University of British Columbia (Canada), Murdoch University (Perth, Australia), Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología (Lima, Peru), University de Guadalajara (Mexico), Middle East Technical University (Turkey), Pan African University Institute of Water and Energy Sciences (Algeria).

Our mission is to inspire young energy leaders to bring in their ingenious propositions into transitioning to a net zero environment. We organize seminars, webinars, events and much more to broaden the horizon for those who ponder over the complications of climate change and consequences related to it.

65

Student Energy Neduet Chapter

Executive Body Sir Mohsin Yusu�i

Chapter Coordinator

Sheheryar Ali

President

Aun Ali

Vice President

Muhammad Osama

General Secretary

Hasan Muneeb Khan

Outreach Coordinator

Malaika Jabeen

Administrator

66

Student Energy Neduet Chapter

EVENTS

The induction Ceremony On the 23rd of December 2021, Student Energy NEDUET Chapter, commenced its �irst event – the induction ceremony.

The ceremony was held at the Petroleum AV hall at 0100 hrs.

The ceremony began with the recitation of the Holy Quran followed by a speech from the President and then a brief conduct by the Vice President who introduced the students to the executive body and the student energy team. The mission and purpose for the society was then discoursed to the students and the ceremony was concluded with a refreshment and photography session successfully.

67

SEMINAR Hydrogen and fuel cell developments for zero emission mobility Student energy NEDUET chapter held a virtual seminar in the �irst week of January on an amazing topic related to energy “ Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Development for zero emission mobility” by none other than Dr. Naveed Akhtar. The CEO of “ Hy-Hybrid Energy” in which he enlightened the students how hydrogen is being used all over the world by various energy sectors and also some of the projects that his company's been into whether its aviation, trains or cargo. The students learnt from every bit of this virtual seminar.

68

Student Energy Neduet Chapter

Field Trip to NORDEX Pvt Ltd Jhimpir On the 20th January 2022, Student Energy NEDUET Chapter organized a �ield trip to NORDEX Pakistan Pvt ltd at their fuel camp in Jhimpir. The students were all gathered at the NEDUET main campus from various departments, from where the NEDUET point bus, accompanied by Sir Mohsin Yusu�i, Sir Shaine Muhammad Ali Lalji and Sir Imran Ali departed for the location. The students had a wonderful experience and learnt about wind turbines installed there. Students were headed back to Karachi after lunch. It was indeed a fecund episode for the students.

6 69

Student Energy Neduet Chapter

Webinar

Carbon Capture and Storage

Student Energy NEDUET chapter held an online seminar on 23rd January 2022 on the topic “Carbon capture and storage “ .

Michael Lis who is employed at Schlumberger as a Data Scientist and Geo-scientist was invited to enlighten and educate the students on the concerned discourse. He discussed various ways of regulating and controlling the carbon emissions and concentration in the atmosphere. The webinar was quite interactive and students were able to gain knowledge about the topic.

70

Student Energy Neduet Chapter

Iftaar Drive On the 17th of April 2022, Student Energy NEDUET Chapter, with the grace of Almighty Allah (S.W.T) was able to conduct an Iftaar Drive. Donations were collected and Iftaar boxes prepared and distributed to the fasting people.

Ration Drive

Seeing the overwhelmingly positive response regarding the Iftaar drive conducted Student Energy NEDUET Chapter, with same zeal and compassion and blessings of the Almighty (S.W.T) organized a ration drive on 24th April 2022. The aim was to extend a helping hand to the less privileged brothers in these times of hardship.

71

Student Energy Neduet Chapter

Seminar

Power Generation Through Nuclear Reactor

Student Energy NEDUET Chapter was fortunate to conduct a lecture on topic “Power generation by Nuclear energy” by Dr.Abdul Rehman Abbasi currently working in KANUPP on 16th may 2022. During lecture he discussed about the following: - Nuclear Energy generation in Pakistan - KANUPP 2&3 power plants being installed in 2021 - Bene�its of Nuclear Energy,

- Cost Ef�icient, low emission, proved source

- How small amounts of Uranium can generate energy equal to tonnes of coal - Safety systems etc.

This lecture turned out quite fascinating and ef�icacious for students.

72

Student Energy Neduet Chapter

Seminar

Future of Hydrogen Fuel in Pakistan

Keeping in view the depleting energy resources, Student Energy NEDUET Chapter organized a seminar on the topic, “Future of Hydrogen Fuels in Pakistan”, at Petroleum AV Hall on 25th May 2022. The host, Dr. Shakeel Ahmed, a Professor in the Industrial and Manufacturing Department at NED University.

This seminar greatly advanced the student’s knowledge regarding feasibility of H20 Cell Manufacturing and Installation in Pakistan. Further the design, ef�iciency and effect of the cell was discussed, with respect to installation in vehicles. It was an enlightening and informative session, and students were highly engaged throughout.

73

Student Energy Neduet Chapter

The Energizer 1.0

After a series of successful seminars, Student Energy NEDUET Chapter knew it was time to cheer up the students with a gripping event. The Energizer 1.0 , as indicated by the name itself, was then organized to uplift the mood and take energy transition to level next. The event comprised of two parts namely; The Cluemuda Triangle and Tomorrowland.

74

Module 1 - The Cluemuda Triangle Every hardworking team needs its fair share of downtime and this year’s dose came in the form of the mega event Energizer 1.0.

The �irst module of this highly anticipated �ixture was all about a keen sense of observation and attention to detail – The Cluemuda Triangle.

Held on the 5th of July, 2022, this inter-departmental riddle based treasure hunt commenced at the very familiar Petroleum AV hall.

Teams of students were to solve riddles which would each uncover the location of their desired colored pebbles.

The entire campus of NEDUET was the playing �ield and numerous checkpoints were arranged in order to facilitate the proceedings.

The �irst three teams to solve all their 5 riddles were rewarded for their efforts. This event was a positive re�lection of the immersive teamwork and sound management demonstrated by the SENC team.

75

Module 2 – Tomorrowland Since Student Energy is related to Energy Cultivation the society hosted an innovative event called “TOMORROWLAND” held at the Petroleum AV hall on 20th July 2022 , in which the students put in writing of how they are seeing the possible future ahead with the theme ‘Net zero carbon emission’ The event was separated into two classi�ications: 1. To write an essay on the above topic which the participants executed wonderfully.

2. To create an illustration that depicted the imaginative future.

The event helped students to broaden their spectrum in achieving the energy sustained future i.e. the aim of Student Energy itself.

76

Student Energy Neduet Chapter

SENC Executives

Directors & Body

77

Student Energy Neduet Chapter

Conclusion

In conclusion to all the seminars and events conducted it is safe to say that the tenure for 20212022, was by far, quite successful in executing their plans and ful�illing the expedition of learning together the essence of transitioning towards a sustainable and net zero future.

Again, the entire Student Energy NEDUET Chapter family, is to be thanked for their assiduous efforts throughout.

78

PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE Petrospective the Oil 02 EVITCEPSORT EP 2202 EVis 202Industry EVITCEthat PSOisRcreated TEP 2202 EVITCEPSO VITCEPto SO RTand EP 2Gas ITC EPannual SORTEmagazine P 2202 Erelating PETROSPECTIVEby2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE the students of Petroleum Department of NED University but this venture is 2022 never PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORdone TEP 2alone.

202 EVITCEand PSOdesigners RTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO VITCof EPthe SOeditors, RTEP 2collaborators 202 EThe VITproduct CEPSOis RTaEcombined P 2202 Eeffort PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE work completely 02 EVITCEPSORwho TEP 2 VITCEPisSO RTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO 22meet 02 Ethe VITdeadlines.

CEPSORTEHowever, P 2202 Enothing 202day EVIin TCand EPSday ORTout EP to PETROSPECTIVEinfallible 2022 PETROSPECTIVE and the magazine 2022 might still have some mistakes after being reviewed PETROSPECTIVE 2022even PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORmultiple TEP 220times.

2 2 0 2 E V I T C E P S O R T E P 2202 EVITCEPSO 2 2 0 2 E V I T C E P S O R T E P 2 EVIAll TCE P S O R T E P the information presented here belongs to the mentioned sources PETROSPECTIVEand 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 corrected later.

02 EVITCEPSORTEPin 202beEV ITCEPSO RTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO 22case 02 EofVany ITCEdiscrepancy, PSORTEP 2can PETROSPECTIVE The 2022 PETROSPECTIVE PETROSPECTIVE 2022 achievements PETROSPECTIVE 2022itPETROSPECTIVE Petroleum Engineering2022 Department has many different that make 2202 EVITCEPSO 02 EVITCEPSORone TEPof ITCE SORsoft TEPcopy 2 EVITCEPof SOthe RTE P 2202ToEV 22the 02most EVITreputed CEPSOpetroleum RTEP 220depatments country. grab a Pfree PETROSPECTIVEof2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 Petrospective 2022 or find out more about the department , scan the QR code below: PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 02 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSORTEP 2202 EVITCEPSO PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE 2022 PETROSPECTIVE