effectively incurred and total costs included in the contract budget (cost-to-cost). An expected loss on a contract is recognised immediately in the income statement. (ii) Goods sold and services rendered Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised in the income statement at a point in time when the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer. Revenue from services rendered is recognised in the income statement in proportion to the stage of completion of the transaction at the balance sheet date. The stage of completion is assessed checking the work performed. No revenue is recognised if there are significant uncertainties regarding recovery of the consideration due, associated costs or the possible return of goods. (w) Expenses (i)
Operating lease payments
Payments made under operating leases are recognised in the income statement on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Lease incentives received are recognised in the income statement as an integral part of the total lease expense. (ii)
Finance lease payments
Finance lease payments are apportioned between the finance charge and the reduction of the outstanding liability. The finance charge is allocated to each period during the lease term so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. (iii)
Net financial expenses
Net financing costs comprise interest payable on borrowings calculated using the effective interest rate method, dividends, foreign exchange gains and losses except for those related to cash flow hedging operations that are included in the operating revenues or expenses, and premiums and discounts related to all forward exchange contracts and swaps on foreign currency. Interest income is recognised in the income statement as it accrues, using the effective interest method. Dividends income is recognised in the income statement on the date the entity’s right to receive payments is established. The interest expense component of finance lease payments is recognised in the income statement using the effective interest rate method. Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets (as defined under IAS 23 – Borrowing Costs), which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are capitalised and amortised over the useful life of the class of assets to which they refer. All other borrowing costs are expensed when incurred. (x) Income tax Income tax on the profit or loss for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax is recognised in the income statement except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively. Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantially enacted at the balance sheet date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet liability method, providing for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. The amount of deferred tax provided is based on the expected manner of realisation or settlement of the carrying amount of assets and liabilities, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. A deferred tax asset is recognised only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the asset can be utilised. Deferred tax assets are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised. Additional income taxes arising from the distribution of dividends are recognised when the liability associated to the payment of the same dividend is acknowledged. This is justified by the fact that the Group is able to manage the time plan for the distribution of the reserves and it is probable that they will not be reversed in the foreseeable future.
70