DESIGN FOR
RESILIENCE RESILIENCE IS THE CAPACITY TO RECOVER QUICKLY FROM DIFFICULTY AND THE ABILITY TO BOUNCE BACK BY OVERCOMING WITH RESOLVE.
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ROGER WILLIAMS UNIVERSITY, Bristol, Rhode Island
RESILIENCE
Is it in your future plans?
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UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE WHAT IS RESILIENT DESIGN? WHAT ARE RESILIENCE PRINCIPLES? WHY IS DESIGNING FOR RESILIENCE IMPORTANT?
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UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE
What is Resilient Design? Resilient Design is the practice of identifying vulnerabilities to natural and manmade threats in buildings, cities, and their communities, and creating design responses to help achieve stability and adaptability. These threats could be acute events or chronic stressors. Acute shocks are events such as wildfires, earthquakes, flooding, severe storms, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, disease outbreak, riots, etc. Recent hurricanes, floods and wildfires in the United States are examples frequently seen.
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Chronic stressors refer to ongoing exposure to problems such as poverty, unemployment, poor air quality, etc. Racial inequity, food insecurity and polluted water systems are common examples.
Perkins+Will sees these shocks and stressors as significant forces impacting design decisions that our clients must make. To address these issues, we guide a comprehensive design-thinking process that leverages social, economic and physical capital to create buildings, cities, and communities with greater diversity, more resilience and vitality. We see differently and in doing so, increase our clients’ capacities to thrive in spite of the shocks and stressors they might experience.
RESILIENCE LENS
Social Resilience considers examples such as population health, environmental justice, social equity, community cohesion, and inclusivity of vulnerable populations. MORE RESILIENT COMMUNITIES
Economic Resilience reinforces examples such as business continuity, economic stability, development opportunity, and benefit-cost analysis.
Environmental Resilience focuses on ways to balance natural systems and manmade environments.
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UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE
What are Resilience Principles? Diversity / Designing with complementary perspectives enriches outcomes.
Redundancy / Designing for robustness reduces the likelihood of failures.
Adaptive Capacity / Designing with the assumption of innate change minimizes disruptions and encourages longer-term viability.
Foresight / Designing with broad interests and over longer timeframes enables understanding of trends and anticipation of risks.
Nested Scales / Designing with an understanding of the relationships across scales enables greater leverage.
Self-Organization / Designing that encourages the development of interconnections between environments and their occupants leads to stronger overall systems.
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UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE
Why is designing for Resilience important? There is increased: OCCURRENCE of extreme natural events such as storms, floods, and fires, leaving a greater number of people and larger amount of property vulnerable to acute events and long-term climate changes.
AWARENESS OF AND DEMAND for resilient solutions by residents, business owners, and leaders at all levels in areas recently affected by acute events and those most likely to be affected in the future.
PRESSURE ON CITIES AND BUSINESSES to protect property and populations by the international insurance community.
AWARENESS of the link between climate change and population health.
KNOWLEDGE of risks to vulnerable populations and the impacts stemming from their exposure to these risks.
MOBILIZATION EFFORTS BY MAJOR ORGANIZATIONS AROUND THE WORLD Rockefeller Foundation: Development of the Global Resilience Academy model, the Rebuild by Design Competition and Resilient by Design Competition and the 100 Resilient Cities program funding Chief Resilience Officers [CROs] as well as a network of Platform and Strategy Partners. HUD: National Disaster Resilience Competition [NDRC], a $1Billion nationwide competition encouraged greater resilience in communities suffering from Federallydeclared disasters with unmet needs. Grosvenor: Resilient Cities Research Report – Quantifying the resilience of 50 of the world’s most important cities. World Bank: Urban Risk Assessment – Bringing a common approach to identifying people and infrastructure that are most vulnerable to natural hazards. The Lancet: Linking health and resilience through urban planning and programs Global Centre of Excellence on Climate Adaptation (GCECA): Launching a global network of partner organizations focused on greater resilience in the face of climate change Urban Land Institute: Provides leadership in the responsible use of land and in creating and sustaining thriving communities worldwide.
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OUR COMMITMENT TO RESILIENCE. WHAT DOES DESIGNING FOR RESILIENCE MEAN? OUR COMMITMENT TO RESILIENCE SCALES OF RESILIENCE WHERE DOES RESILIENCE FIT WE CAN’T UNKNOW THIS
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OUR COMMITMENT TO RESILIENCE
What does designing for Resilience mean? Every project type and scale presents a different set of resilience challenges. This work tackles complex linkages and in doing so offers opportunities to provide greater leverage for investments. Perkins+Will works with our clients to identify their specific challenges and to develop solutions. We look to natural and built environment challenges as well as the resources for solutions. We consider cascading social and economic effects and structure approaches to provide cascading benefits. We consider resilience holistically, recognizing that there is not one approach but many and seek continued exploration and evolution of best practices.
SAMPLE OF AREAS OF EXPERTISE IN RESILIENT DESIGN
BROWNFIELD REMEDIATION AFFORDABLE HOUSING
BROAD AND INCLUSIVE COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT LANDSCAPE FOR BIODIVERSE AND DROUGHT TOLERANT PLANTINGS
HEALTH DISTRICT PLANNING
COASTAL / SEA LEVEL RISE MASTER PLANNING
EMERGENCY COMMAND STRATEGIES CLIMATE MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT
SURVIVABILITY STRATEGIES HABITAT CONNECTIVITY
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
RISK ASSESSMENT
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
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OUR COMMITMENT TO RESILIENCE
Our commitment to Resilience 2014 / RESILIENCE LAB / We are partnering with clients to identify vulnerabilities to natural and manmade stressors in buildings, cities and our communities, and to create design responses to help achieve stability and adaptability. We are working to help restructure the social, economic, and physical capital necessary to create buildings, cities, and communities that are more diverse, more resilient, and more vital than in the past.
2014 / RELEASED RELi / <pronounced rely> combines a comprehensive list of resilient design criteria with a proven integrative process for developing next generation communities, buildings, homes and infrastructure. The Credit Catalog includes new resilience-based actions (requisites + credits) pioneered for RELi in 2014.
Resilience Lab Goals: Strengthen building, infrastructure, organization and community resistance to chronic stressors arising from a changing climate and resource depletion Improve safety and stability during acute shocks from both manmade events and natural phenomena Reduce physical risks posed by extreme weather events to building occupants, building systems, organizations, and communities
2015 / THREE QUESTIONS / We ask three questions of every project in order to understand the potential threats to that project location and its intended occupants and to determine the vulnerabilities that the project has to those threats. We then design to address those issues.
2017 / #WEARESTILLIN / We are part of a sweeping national coalition of communities, cities, states, NGOs, universities, and corporations that are working together to drive climate action in the United States. These intrepid, progressive entities have committed to accelerating the rate of emissions reduction in the U.S. to the point where we meet our contributions under the Paris Agreement. This is why we are signatories of the Low Carbon USA pact and We Are Still In, and why Perkins+Will has also signed the AIA Committee on the Environment’s recent letters to the U.S. Secretary of Energy and to the Administrator of the U.S. EPA, both of which Perkins+Will helped to draft.
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Reduce risk premiums associated with operations, insurance and financing Maintain continuity of business and community activities during chronic and acute events
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ION 2 QUEST THREE QUESTIONS TO ASK FOR EVERY PROJECT: 1. What are the climate projections in your project location? 2. What are its vulnerabilities and cascading consequences as a result of those projections? 3. How does your design solution address those vulnerabilities?
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RESILIENCE ACROSS SCALE AND IN CONCERT WITH OTHER RESEARCH LABS Perkins+Will links resilient design to our work with energy, water, the human experience and our many other research labs. We see the relationships between these efforts as contributing to the greater good, across scales and across disciplinary boundaries.
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OUR COMMITMENT TO RESILIENCE
Scales of Influence Resilience works in terms of nested scales. From the individual choices that each of us makes to the way in which we rely on and contribute to our communities and to the larger sets of local, regional and global resources that we all need to thrive, each decision has the potential to increase or decrease our resilience.
Individual (I) Individuals determine
Region Larger scale planning across
personal resilience strategies and understand how choices relate to the resources provided by others.Examples include personal go-kits and preparedness plans for maintaining health and work connections during disruptions.
regions seeks to link up investments for greater value and works at systems scales to ingrain resilience. Examples include watershed strategies to manage and maintain water quality as well as regional plans that address system dependencies such as transport routes and service flows.
We Families, or Teams, or Companies develop their own approaches to investing in and collaborating on overall resilience. Examples include business continuity plans that organizations develop to reduce impacts from events or readiness plans that families create to enable calmer responses in adversity.
Country Drawing together multiple regional
Community Community Preparedness
Planet Each country contributes to, or
Planning continues to grow in relevance as we see events unfolding. Knowing what your community can do, and is prepared to do, is central to your own resilience. Examples include a research community that has redundancy plans to assure sample stability with power outages or a community center that is set up as a shelter for evacuees.
draws down, the resilience of our larger collective home. Seeing the connections between development in India and the deforestation in Brazil or understanding the Stockholm Resilience Instituteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s perspective on Planetary Boundaries are examples.
City Cities lead in resilience strategies, finding ways to leverage local, state and federal funds to gain greater traction and to provide co-benefits so that investments work harder for citizens, reducing risks while improving livelihoods. We and our community should understand those strategies and how they relate to our own planning.
and city plans, countrywide resilience depends on the strategic connections between planning decisions. Examples include the Dutch polder systems and climate mitigation plans tied to the Paris Agreement.
The point is the connections between the systems are nested, not independent. The choices that an organization makes impacts its people and their families, the community of which it is a part, the city and country that holds that community and ultimately the planet that we occupy.
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OUR COMMITMENT TO RESILIENCE
How does Resilience Fit?
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LIVING DESIGN / At Perkins+Will We see resilience as part of our approach to living design, design that gives back more than it takes, that increases the sustainability, wellbeing, regeneration, resilience and restoration potential that our clients hold. We all deserve to live healthy lives where the environments that we occupy support our overall wellbeing.
R E SILIE N C E
Restoration
Sustainability
Resilience
Wellbeing
Regeneration
Repair
Endure
Adapt
Thrive
Replenish
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image of healthy community?
SPAULDING REHABILITATION HOSPITAL, Charlestown, Massachusetts Resilience Perkins+Will 15
OUR COMMITMENT TO RESILIENCE
We Can’t Unknow This
The way that we choose to look at design problems determines what we see.
What we see then determines how we engage.
How we engage then sets a trajectory for our investment in resilence.
We can’t unknow these risks, or unknow the potential benefits that we could offer if we consider living design, the nested scales of resilience, or our actions as part of a larger system of connections, so we choose to look at design problems with resilience.
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ATLANTA BELTLINE CORRIDOR, Atlanta, Georgia Resilience Perkins+Will 17
OUR SUCCESS STORIES SPAULDING REHABILITATION HOSPITAL CHRISTUS SPOHN HOSPITAL CLIMATE READY DC 100 RESILIENT CITIES BATON ROUGE HEALTH DISTRICT RIDGEVIEW MIDDLE SCHOOL + HIGH SCHOOL SHAWN JENKINS’ CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA MEDICAL CENTER ARKANSAS TECH UNIVERSITY CITY OF SAN MATEO / WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT AMERICAN RED CROSS HEADQUARTERS CHICAGO PUBLIC LIBRARY NORTHTOWN BRANCH / CHICAGO HOUSING AUTHORITY
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OUR SUCCESS STORIES
A global perspective with regional understanding. Our team understands the vulnerabilities to natural and man-made shocks and stressors in buildings, cities, and their communities, and designs responses to them to help achieve stability and adaptability. Our network of engaged professionals across the world offers knowledge base of the context and issues affecting our clients locally. Examples:
Vulnerability • Climate projections and future event forecasting • Physical context + specific resilience challenges faced • Planning + policy context • Organizations, institutions, companies, and individual exposures
Response • Potential partnerships with organizations, institutions, companies, and people with expertise related to resilience • Incorporation of resilient strategies into our design and planning • Consulting on resilience-specific issues including climate adaptation plans, waterfront plans, and other resilience-first projects • Public consultation for public and private agencies related to resilience planning
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OUR SUCCESS STORIES
Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital
LOCATION: Charlestown, Massachusetts CLIENT: Partners Healthcare
Perhaps the most significant sustainable aspect of the building is increased Resilience to severe weather events related to climate change. Three years before super storm Sandy, the Owner challenged the design team to incorporate features into the building to make it less vulnerable to rising sea levels. In response to this, studies were undertaken to determine the magnitude of the issue and potential mitigation elements. A number of features were incorporated into the site and building. The project site served as an opportunity to stitch the community together by providing an environment that quickly gets patients reclaimed into their community, and encouraging the patients to feel acclimated again. The site invites the community to become a part of that resilience conversation, by normalizing and demonstrating the need for resilience at hand. Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital not only remediated a brownfield site and planned for rising seas by raising the main floor one foot, the hospital also provides community space with 75% of the first floor dedicated to public accommodation.
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SPAULDING REHABILITATION HOSPITAL
Flooding + Sea Level Rise
Open Space + Stormwater
RAISE IT AND PROTECT IT Intelligently Locate Ground Floor Elevation • 30” above the 500-year Floodplain including Underground Parking Ramp Entrance • Accounts for Future Sea Level Rise Critical Services/Programs on Upper Floors • Key Mechanical + Electrical Services Located in Penthouse • Concrete Encased Vertical Electrical Mains • Cogeneration Plant on Roof • Fuel Pump in Watertight Submarine Vault Protective soft + hard storm surge infrastructure • Plantings, retaining walls and paths strategically located to mitigate storm surge
SLOW IT DOWN Green Roofs + Terraces Permeable pavers and rain gardens Moderates Stormwater Runoff
Bonus / Patient Therapy Gardens provide additional program space while leveraging key protective elements.
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Bonus / Provides Greater Insulation / Heat-Island Cooling Bonus / Acts as a Popular Patient Amenity + Staff places of respite Bonus / Vegetable Garden Provides Some Local Food + Patient Therapy Programs
Passive Survivability
Creating Value
BACK IT UP Operable Windows / Daylighting • Patient Rooms / Gyms / Public areas • Reduce Dependence on electric lighting + mechanical systems for shelter-in-place High Performance Envelope • Triple-Glazed windows • Exterior Shading Longer Operation of Emergency Generator • Reduced dependence on grid in emergencies • 4-5 days of Fuel On-Site • Supplemented by Cogeneration Plant
RESILIENCE INVESTMENT $1.5 million (half covered by utility rebates)
Bonus / More positive patient/visitor/staff experience Bonus / Reduced energy and operating costs
REPORT PUBLISHED BY URBAN LAND INSTITUTE http://uli.org/wp-content/uploads/ULI-Documents/ Returns-on-Resilience-The-Business-Case.pdf
RESILIENCE RETURNS • $400,000 operating cost reduction in year 1 • $500,000 per year operating cost reduction • Greater Business Continuity • Enhanced Reputation • Avoidance future losses • Multiple benefits for Patients including experience
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OUR SUCCESS STORIES
Christus Spohn Hospital
LOCATION: Corpus Christi, Texas CLIENT: Christus Spohn Health System
As part of the System’s PATH (People & Actions Transforming Healthcare) initiative, the leaders of CHRISTUS Spohn embarked on a mission to improve the Corpus Christi community’s access to exceptional healthcare services and to remain operational in the event of extreme weather through resilient strategies. This project is the first healthcare pilot project to test the RELi checklist which will become a national standard. Along with tropical weather, other risks include hazardous material spills, extreme rain events and standing water flooding. The hospital has a desire to remain operational during a crisis and to become a command center for the community.
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CHRISTUS SPOHN HOSPITAL
What are the Risks? Sea-level Rise Rise and andFlood FloodElevation Elevation 5000–15,000 ft
A one-foot rise in flood flood elevation elevation due due to to both both sea-level sea-level rise rise hurricane intensification an inundation and and hurricane intensification leadsleads to antoinundation of of 5000–15,000 5,000-15,000 feet. feet. SOURCE: http://www.bestplaces.net/docs/studies/hurricane_hotspots.aspx http://www.bestplaces.net/docs/studies/safest_places_from_natural_disasters.aspx
SPERLING’S BEST PLACES NATIONAL RANKINGS FOR CORPUS CHRISTI: #3 Riskiest Place for Natural Disaster #10 Hurricane Hotspots Hurricane Celia’s estimated losses reached $434 million TYPICAL RISKS TO CORPUS CHRISTI RESIDENTS: • Hurricanes or other tropical weather • Tornadoes • Hazardous materials spills • Standing water flooding • Radioactive incident • Armed or terrorist attacks • Transportation mishaps • Civil unrest
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SOURCE: http://www.georgetownclimate.org/resources/ impacts-of-global-warming-on-hurricane-related-flooding-in-corpus-christi-texas
IMPACTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON HURRICANERELATED FLOODING IN CORPUS CHRISTI: • Sea-level projected to rise by 2.6’ by 2080 • Hurricanes will be more intense as ocean waters warm • By 2030, hurricane flood levels could increase 3-27% • By 2030, structural damage to buildings affected by flooding due to major hurricanes is projected to rise by 60-100%
Strategies In Place
8 PROJECT GOALS ESTABLISHED 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Resilient Construction Design for Wind and Hurricane Effects Elevating Critical Functions Regional Response | Community Connection Civil Unrest Mitigation Provide a Command Center Industrial Disaster Response Epidemic Response
DIVERSITY OF PROTECTIONS • Oversized roof drains • Location above the 500-year flood plain • 2-story central plant • Mass decontamination provided in ambulance canopy • Food and water storage for 4 days • Emergency generators for 5 days • Redundancy in the central plant • Hurricane-resistant exterior materials and structure • Emergency preparedness plan
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OUR SUCCESS STORIES
CLIMATE READY DC
LOCATION: District of Columbia CLIENT: Department of Energy and Environment (DOEE)
This project will assist the District of Columbia to assess its vulnerabilities and risks in the face of a changing climate and to identify strategies that will help the city adapt and plan planning for its future; The action plan addresses land use, zoning, communication, and infrastructure -- both physical and social -- while keeping in mind the responses for a changing climate and dynamic population. Perkins+Will collaborated with Katherine Hayhoe on the Climate Projections / Phase 1 and Kleinfelder Engineering on the Vulnerabilities Assessment / Phase 2 before leading the Climate Adaptation Plan / Phase 3. Our interdisciplinary team conducted research and lead workshops with District leaders to prioritize risk and assess work already underway before drafting the plan for adaptation. The Plan includes over seventy proposed action items and projects – along with primary and secondary responsibilities from District agencies – that can be used as a roadmap in the coming years to better prepare the city for climatic changes. Climate Ready DC is the District of Columbia’s plan to adapt to the anticipated realities of more dangerous heatwaves, severe storms, and flooding. The final plan reflects the comments and feedback that DOEE received from more than 300 people on the draft plan. In November 2016 DOEE was joined by the City Administrator and the Deputy Mayor to publicly release the plan and kick-off its implementation. This was an AREA Research project.
Graphics Credit (right): Kleinfelder Engineering
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CLIMATE READY DC
Phase 1
SCIENCE DRIVEN • Increasing heat and number of heat days • Increasing rainfall, flooding and pollution runoff • Increasing storm surge risk from rising sea levels
Phase 2
VULNERABILITIES FOCUSED • Evaluation of built infrastructures • Assesment of community resources
Phase 3
ADAPTATION PLAN • Transportation and Utility Infrastructure . • Buildings and Development • Neighborhoods and Communities Governance and Implementation
Perkins+Will collaborated with
Perkins+Will collaborated with
Perkins+Will led the Climate
Katherine Hayhoe on the Climate
Kleinfelder Engineering on the
Adaptation Plan / Phase 3
Projections / Phase 1
Vulnerabilities Assessment / Phase 2
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Scope of Vulnerability Assessment
Graphics Credit: Kleinfelder Engineering
RECENT UPDATES Washington DC was announced as a finalist for the 2017 C40 Cities Bloomberg Philanthropies Awards in the Cities4Tomorrow category for Climate Ready DC! DC was one of two US and three global finalists along with San Francisco, Rotterdam, Wuhan, and Hong Kong.
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OUR SUCCESS STORIES
100RC Resilience Louisville
LOCATION: Louisville, KY CLIENT: 100 Resilient Cities
In May 2016, Louisville was selected as a member city within the 100 Resilient Cities (100RC). Cities in the 100RC network are provided with resources to create a Resilience Strategy which will articulate the city’s resilience priorities and specific initiatives for short-, medium-, and long-term implementation. As Louisville’s Strategy Partner, Perkins+Will is providing knowledgeable, analytical assistance and technical expertise to Louisville’s Chief Resilience Officer and the City’s staff. The Resilience Strategy process has two phases and begins with an Agenda Setting Workshop; an event designed to familiarize stakeholder with the 100RC process and to gain local knowledge regarding some of the major issues and opportunities related to resilience in Louisville. The workshop gathered more than two hundred stakeholders from various sectors in the city and provided the team with an initial scan of the City’s top shocks and stresses (see opposite page).
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Agenda Setting Workshop stakeholders discussing Louisville’s shocks and stresses. Image Credit: Perkins+Will
TOP SHOCKS 75% Severe Weather 75% Economic Crisis / Industry Collapse / Market Crash 43% Infrastructure Failure 18% Riot / Civil Unrest
Agenda-Setting Workshop Report Released in 2017.
TOP STRESSES 87% Poverty / Inequity / Lack of Inclusiveness 56% Poor Population Health / Wellbeing 37% Low Performing Education Systems 25% Aging Infrastructure
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OUR SUCCESS STORIES
Baton Rouge Health District
LOCATION: Baton Rouge, Louisiana CLIENT: Baton Rouge Area Foundation
The vison for the Baton Rouge Health District is a world class, high-performing health destination at the heart of a healthy, walkable, cohesive community. Bringing together the leaders of a dozen major institutions in Baton Rouge, Perkins+Will proposed a Master Plan that coordinates land-use and transportation investment decisions, and in the process, tackles the bigger challenge of preparing for the future of healthcare. The Health District is evolving into not just a place, but an entity that supports collaboration among hospitals and institutions. The Baton Rouge Health District creates a coalition for improving efficiency and a shared platform for community health initiatives. The emerging district will support the vitality of its members and deliver health and economic development benefits to Baton Rouge and beyond.
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BATON ROUGE HEALTH DISTRICT
Plan
Post-Katrina momentum for public health and medical disaster preparedness is at risk.
Diagonsis
VULNERABILITIES • Medical Preparedness Efforts Limited to Public Health Agencies and Hospitals • Decline in Federal Funds for Health and Medical Preparedness Efforts • Challenges to Road and Utilities Infrastructure in the Event of a Disaster
Treatment Plan
ADAPTATION PLAN • Adopt whole-community approach to emergency preparedness. • Identify sustained funding for preparedness planning and outreach. • Engage in district-scale resiliency planning.
Link to Report: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/56bba43086db4378db7e026d/t/58c1abb81e5b6c71381011be/1489087447693/BRHD_MasterPlan_FINAL.pdf
Perkins+Will collaborated with Baton Rouge Area Foundation, Kurt Salmon, Nelson Nygaard, Franklin Associates, Project Finance Advisory Limited, IEM, Center for Planning Excelence, Kimley-Horn, Design Distill, and numerous task forces, agencies and institutions who attended the workshops.
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Future of the District
Examples of recommendations in the Baton Rouge Health District Plan that are currently being implemented include: • Creation of an District umbrella non-profit for inter-institutional collaboration, including a staff member dedicated to coordinating emergency preparedness initiatives • Implementation of a complete street network that enables a multitude of route options in and out of the District to ensure access to hospitals and safe evacuations while also providing a framework for walkable urban redevelopment • Implementation of an open space network that supports sustainable stormwater management, while also providing access to nature for mental restoration and space for active commutes / recreation (riverside trails) • Creation of a Diabetes and Obesity Center jointly owned and operated by District healthcare providers and insurance companies to provide a suite of integrated services ranging from health education to disease management to curb the epidemic of diabetes in the Baton Rouge area. The Center, which is in its early stages of formation, has an innovative business model aimed at overcoming challenges posed by the disease-centered reimbursement model of the U.S. healthcare system
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OUR SUCCESS STORIES
Ridgeview Middle School + High School
LOCATION: Clintwood, Virginia CLIENT: Dickenson County Public Schools
Dickenson County is a small rural community in southwestern Virginia, with a population of just over 15,000. Located in the heart of coal country, Dickenson County’s economy is dominated by the energy industry. Over the past thirty years, Dickenson County like so many small communities has suffered from economic decline, population reductions, and overall financial hardship. Jobs are scarce, property values have receded, and many residents with the means to do so have moved away. In addition to the economic challenges, the district also has to fight a consistent battle with the natural environment. The terrain is mountainous, rugged, and tough. These factors have led to a threat of flooding in the valleys and landslides on the mountainsides. Vulnerable were the county’s three high schools, all built in the 1940’s and 50’s in the flat areas of the valleys. The areas harsh winters often leave families stranded without power and heat and in 2009, heavy snows and widespread power outages caused students to miss 20 consecutive days of school. This was especially hard because many of the district’s students rely on the school’s free and reduced lunch program for their daily nutrition. When the schools were not able to open their doors due to lack of power and heat, students went hungry. Working with the community, our team was able to develop a clear understanding of the areas vulnerabilities, which include the natural and economical factors that affect the residents. The school houses enlarged career tech programs, music, art, and athletic programs for 800 high school students and 600 middle school students. By greatly expanding curriculum and extra-curricular offerings, students are better prepared for the challenges of our global economy. Ridgeview represents a new chapter in the community’s ability to respond to challenges by offering a strong position of both environmental and economic resilience.
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RIDGEVIEW MIDDLE SCHOOL + HIGH SCHOOL
Climate Projections
Vulnerabilities
RISKS AND CONCERNS The mountainous terrain in the area, the climate projections for heavy snow, and flooding are the primary concerns of the school district and the community.
LACK OF POWER Heavy snow in the remote mountain area often leads to power outages for many residents that can last several days. Lack of power results in lack of basic life essentials such as heat, hot water, proper food storage.
• Average snowfall in the area is 42” • Average rainfall in the area is 45”
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Resilient Strategies
A Safe Environment
EFFICIENCY + SHELTER Sited along a ridge on one of the highest points in the county, hence the name Ridgeview, the building is oriented north-south to optimize energy efficiency and to capture large expanses of natural light.
STANDING STRONG Ridgeview High School, Middle School, and Career Center represents a unique set of circumstances that reflect a small community’s challenges and goals. The school offers students state-of-the-art educational facilities that have not been seen in their county for decades. The educational and campus planning of this school allows students to seamlessly integrate career technical programs with core curriculum classes during the course of standard day.
Serving as a storm shelter that can accommodate up to 2,000 residents, the new school has emergency backup power sources that provide heat, clean water, hot showers, and refrigeration for food storage. These features provide a level of resilience that this community has never seen before and will benefit them for years to come.
The facility represents a community coming together to provide a safe environment that offers students and the community resources that will help move it forward towards a resilient and successful future.
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OUR SUCCESS STORIES
Shawn Jenkins’ Children’s Hospital
LOCATION: Charleston, South Carolina CLIENT: Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston and its Health District area in particular, has always been concerned with its vulnerability to sea level rise, due to its proximity and location by the water’s edge. The design for this facility considered both sea level rise and the effects of hurricane force winds on the hospital. All patient care areas were placed above the Designated Flood Elevation (DFE). The building’s structure rests on deep concrete pile foundations, and the structural steel was designed to resist the anticipated high hurricane winds and to meet the very restrictive Seismic Design Category F required of the site. The exterior building skin is a mixture of brick, stucco, metal panels, punch windows and a curtain wall designed to meet hurricane force wind requirements and resist the impact of flying debris for the entire height of the structure. Critical equipment such as generators, water pumps, electrical switchgear and air handlers have been designed beyond minimum code requirements, and are placed above the Designated Flood Elevation (DFE) to keep them safe from flooding. Elevated connectors between buildings will allow staff to get around during storms. Equipment that could be placed internal to the building have been removed from the roofs. This allows continued access and maintenance by staff to the air handlers and other critical equipment during storm events, and offers the equipment additional protection from flying debris. A heliport designed on top of the patient tower was sized to accommodate the largest Coast Guard helicopter. It is also equipped with an Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS) that provides continuous, real time information and reports on the heliport weather conditions to pilots. There will be two generators fueled by emergency storage tanks sized for 96 hours, with transfer pumps above the DFE. These generators are sized for N+1 of the emergency design load. Multiple automatic transfer switches will feed critical power within the same area, while providing for UPS backup for critical loads. In addition, there is provision made for the connection of temporary generators at the facilities loading dock.
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SHAWN JENKINS’ CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL
Flooding + Sea Level Rise
Open Space + Stormwater
RESILIENCE STRATEGIES • Green Infrastructure (soft and hard) to accommodate higher sea levels and tidal flooding • Exterior shell hardening to withstand wind / debris • Emergency domestic water supply connection is available at the loading dock • Community Interaction / Planning • Elevated access to surrounding infrastructure • Submersible storm water pumps within the garage for flood events • Backwater valves on building sewer and storm drain lines serving the building
SLOW IT DOWN • Flexible open space to accommodate tidal and flooding events • Elevated planting / City Park with public access • Salt tolerant planting to anticipate flooding • 90% Native & Adaptive Planting • Flood-proofing “Logs” around ground floor building, both wet and dry type flood-proofing utilized
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Passive Survivability
Constructing Resilience
CONTINUOUS CONNECTIVITY • All mission critical equipment is located above Designated Flood Elevation (DFE) • Prioritized load shed schemes are incorporated into the Building Automation System (BAS) to ensure that patient care areas receive adequate air when operating with limited utility capacity (power, cooling, heating). A UPS has been provided for the BAS controllers • Access to parking deck and adjacent building with bridge access back to Children’s Hospital • Helicopter (largest in Coast Guard Fleet) accommodated for atop the Patient Tower • 90,000 gallon secondary on-site fire water storage tank • All Air Handling Units (AHU) and RAHU fans operate on emergency power • All exhaust fans serving patient care operate on emergency power
STANDING STRONG Wind and Debris Damage from Hurricane event • Exterior Façade designed to wind speeds up to 157 mph • Exterior façade materials designed to protect against flying debris Seismic Catastrophe • Foundations and steel frame designed with moment and brace frames to protect against seismic event (Seismic Design Category F). • Steel frame used to reduce building weight because site is on the fill of Ashley River.
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OUR SUCCESS STORIES
University of Oklahoma Medical Center
LOCATION: Oklahoma City, Oklahoma CLIENT: University of Oklahoma Medical Center
The OU Medical Center Hospital embarked on a mission to improve the communityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s access to exceptional healthcare services and to remain operational in the event of extreme weather through resilient strategies. As the only Level 1 Trama Center in Oklahoma, the project is significant due to regional referrals of trauma and surgical patients and updated operating rooms to handle emergency cases and outpatient demand. This project is the second pilot project to test the RELi checklist which will become a national standard. Along with tornadoes and high wind events, other risks include hazardous materials spills, extreme rain events, extreme winter storms, and siesmic disturbances.
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UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA MEDICAL CENTER
Local Events
Design Strategies
TYPICAL RISKS TO OKLAHOMA CITY RESIDENTS: • Tornadoes and high wind events • Hazardous materials spills • Severe winter storms • Flash flooding • Armed or terrorist attacks • Transportation mishaps • Civil unrest
RESILIENCE STRATEGIES • Resilient Construction (Wind and Seismic) • Exterior shell hardening to withstand wind debris • Impact resistant glazing (critical level 5 & 6) • Radiant Entry / Drive (severe winters) • Elevated access to surrounding infrastructure • Transportation access by air via helicopter • Regional Response | Community Connection • Community interaction / Planning • Civil Unrest Mitigation • Food and water storage for 5 days • Emergency generators for 5 days • Redundancy in the central plant • Emergency preparedness plan • Industrial Disaster Response • Epidemic Response • Redundancy in the central plant
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Passive Survivability
Creating Value
BACK IT UP • High Performance Envelope • Natural Daylighting • Exterior Shading • Reduce Dependence on electric lighting for shelter-in-place • Longer Operation of Emergency Generator Fuel due to reduced dependence
STANDING STRONG Wind & Debris Damage from Tornado & Wind Event • Exterior Façade designed to wind speeds up to 157 mph • Exterior façade materials designed to protect against flying debris
Bonus / Enhanced patient/visitor/staff experience
Seismic Catastrophe • Foundations & steel frame designed with moment and brace frames to protect against seismic event
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OUR SUCCESS STORIES
Arkansas Tech University
LOCATION: Russellville, Arkansas CLIENT: Arkansas Tech University
Following on from their 2015 strategic plan, Arkansas Tech University engaged Perkins+Will to undertake a comprehensive campus master plan in 2017. To guide this process, the master planning team worked with the university and stakeholders to create design principles that will shape the long-term future of their campus and engage directly with resiliency issues facing Arkansas Tech. Arkansas Tech and their stakeholders identified Resiliency + Sustainability as one of three key principles that should guide the decision-making during the master planning process. The strategies employed as a design framework under this principle were to “protect” by minimizing risk of threats to facilities and people, to “organize” by identifying safe routes and contingency plans during an event, and to “network” by upgrading and integrating infrastructure systems on the campus. In support of this effort, a Sustainability + Resiliency Task Force was formed, with wide representation across the university. Perkins+Will assisted this Task Force in conducting several open forum work-shops, which included external partners and specialist consultants. As an out¬come from those workshops, six “shocks and stressors” groups were identified as potentially being most critical to addressing resiliency issues on the Arkansas Tech University campus locations; stormwater management, infrastructure failure, civil unrest, limited transportation, drought, and storm preparedness. Building from here the Task Force’s focus shifted to identifying design strategies to address three of these six categories. Coordinating with stakeholders both internal and external to the university, the Task Force assessed how each identified project within the master plan could further the ability of Arkansas Tech and the wider community to withstand, recover, and regenerate in response to identified shocks and stressors.
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ARKANSAS TECH UNIVERSITY
CREEK BASIN / 100 YEAR FLOODPLAIN CORPS PLANNED FLOOD LEVEL 334’
DRAIN CAPACITY
ARKANSAS AVE.
Protect Stormwater Management
GLENWOOD DITCH
Design Principles
SURFACE WATER GROUND
DEVELOPED AREA OF CAMPUS
PRINCIPLED APPROACH • The long term campus master plan was guided by three interconnected design principles that form an overall design framework for the campus. The Sustainability + Resiliency principle was divided into three key strategies that combine to embed resiliency in the master plan.
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RESILIENCE STRATEGIES • Plan to increasing temporary storage, diversion, and infiltration across a distributed network of projects • Storm water management techniques included in landscape, circulation network, and parking improvements • Strategic review of water systems connected previously uncoordinated city, university, highways agency, and Corps of Engineers controlled areas
Organize Accessible Routes
Network Utilities + Systems
PRIORITIZE • Target completion of an accessible circulation backbone of paths on campus • Accessible campus network combines and coordinates with strategic evacuation routes • Bioswales prevent flooding of pedestrian network • Integrated with parking removal within campus core
BUILD & CONNECT • Integrating systems to build redundancy to compensate for potential loss or failure of other components in system • Infrastructure investment to be completed as part of any major building projects. • Planned system upgrades to align with stormwater and access projects • Provides long-term framework for location of future buildings and future connection to renewable energy sources
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OUR SUCCESS STORIES
City of San Mateo Wastewater Treatment Plant
LOCATION: San Mateo, Califonia CLIENT: City of San Mateo, Public Works
The Perkins+Will San Mateo Wastewater Treatment Plant reinvisions the future of wastewater treatment for the next century as resource recovery and community asset. Water scarcity is a serious issue and this next-generation plant will begin with greywater reuse building towards a fully potable solution in the future. The site itself is subject to sea level rise inundation and the design raises up the critical infrastructure and create additional flood protection and storage. And existing channelized creek was restored to create habitat and a pleasant connection between the adjacent school, the neighborhood, and the Bayfront. Integrated solar, daylit interiors, composting, abd urban agriculture facilities create a closed loop system that is flexible to expand over time.
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CITY OF SAN MATEO / WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
Flooding + Sea Level Rise
Stormwater
RAISE IT AND PROTECT IT • Ground Floor Elevation • Protects to 66” Future Sea Level Rise in 2100 • Critical Infrastructure Raised
SLOW IT DOWN • Green Roofs • Increased Flood Storage • Habitat and Creek Restoration
Bonus / Adaptive Management of Wetland Edge Bonus / Demonstration Wetland at Nature Center
Bonus / Public Park Bonus / Community Garden
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Regenerative Systems
Community Cohesion
FUTURE PROOFING • Daylighting • Rooftop Rainwater Harvest • Greywater/Future Potable Reuse • Biogas Fueled Vehicle Fleet • Biosolids to Compost
CONNECTIONS • Adjacent STEM School • Waterfront Bikeway • Local Residential Community
Bonus / Ability to add new technologies as they become available
IDENTITY • Community Icon • Public Gathering Space • Community Center
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OUR SUCCESS STORIES
American Red Cross Headquarters
LOCATION: Indianapolis, Indiana CLIENT: American Red Cross
With a mandate to provide uninterrupted disaster response services regardless of local conditions, Resilience was a key guiding principle of the American Red Cross Headquarters design. At the same time, the community mission required the building to present a welcoming and transparent entrance, and staff desired healthful connections to the outdoors, so the building could not be a fortress. Rather, thoughtful zoning of the program spaces allowed selective hardening of the structure and envelope for protection and economy. The Emergency Operations Center (EOC) is protected within a fortified building envelope that exceeds code requirements and is backed by a standby generator. Staff spaces are secure in an enhanced protection zone, while the coffee cafe is located in typical construction. Responsible for making efficient use of the budget, the flexible program and plan focused on efficiency, productivity, collaboration, and employee wellness. Strategic building arrangement and multi-purpose spaces allowed the American Red Cross to reduce the footprint of their former headquarters from approximately 100,000 square feet to a more sustainable 20,000 square feet. Flexible training rooms, a community center, teaming areas, office spaces, and huddle spaces create an environment where employees and volunteers feel safe and energized. To accommodate pre-storm staff surge as well as multiday disaster response cycles, training rooms can double as overnight staff accommodations. Basic laundry, shower, pantry and emergency supply areas provide ancillary staff support. Large windows allow abundant light into the workplace, and the rooftop terrace creates a respite and wellness destination.
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AMERICAN RED CROSS HEADQUARTERS
Local Events
Design Strategies
PREPARE AND RECOVER • Home fires • Tornados • Severe winter storms • Severe Cold • Extreme heat • Flooding • Displacement • Traffic accidents
ORGANIZE AND PRIORITIZE • Siting outside of flood plain • Compact footprint • Strategic zoning of program elements • Tiered hardness zones exceeding code requirements • Flexible, multi-function spaces • Hurricane-rated glazing • Brick facade over tornado-rated structure • Strengthened floor slab
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Maintain Operations
Community Benefit
CONTINUOUS CONNECTIVITY • Emergency Operations Center (EOC) protected within a hardened envelope • Standby generator on site • Overnight staff accommodations including cots, laundry, shower, pantry • Emergency supplies storage • Emergency lighting • Natural daylighting
STANDING STRONG Preparedness • Health and Safety classes • Blood drive collection site • Fire prevention training • Volunteer services Response • Local and national disaster response services • Community emergency shelter (if operationally desired) • Military family support
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OUR SUCCESS STORIES
Chicago Public Library Northtown Branch/ Chicago Housing Authority LOCATION: Chicago, Illinois CLIENT: Chicago Public Library/Chicago Housing Authority
The new Northtown Branch of the Chicago Public Library represents a resilient urban typology, co-locating 44 units of affordable senior housing with a 16,000 square foot public library to foster lifelong learning and inter-generational collaboration. The project is a synergistic response to the neighborhoodâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s disproportionate housing cost burden, shortage of senior housing, and need for a replacement library to better serve the needs of a diverse immigrant community. Climate projections for the site focused on rising daily summer temperatures and the risk of extended heat waves; vulnerabilities for both elderly and low-income residents sensitive to cooling costs. In response, the library will operate as a designated cooling center and residences are equipped with a high-performance envelope (25% better than energy code), radiant slab cooling, and large operable windows. Energy-efficient mechanical systems and lighting fixtures minimize operational expenses. Backup power is achieved without the expense of an onsite generator through the provision of a 1200kw plug for a third-party mobile generator. A robust stormwater management system and water-efficient plumbing fixtures are designed to manage the increasing magnitude and frequency of precipitation events. Double-height glazed lobbies connect the net-zero library with the senior housing, inspiring community interaction between the inside and outside: the public and private. Roof gardens acknowledge the public park to the east and the quiet residential neighborhood to the west. Integrating the communityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s request for adequate library parking with sustainable landscape practices, the design includes onsite parking plus shared overflow parking between the library and nearby Warren Park. A designated bike lane and sheltered bus waiting round out the transportation options. The community was highly engaged in the planning process, which included multiple community engagement meetings, public surveys, and the involvement of a library task force comprising representatives from nine existing community groups. In support of economic resiliency, a job fair publicised construction employment opportunities for local contractors. 62â&#x20AC;&#x192; Perkins+Will Resilience
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CHICAGO PUBLIC LIBRARY + HOUSING
Vulnerabilities and Needs
Synergy
A NEW DAY • Rising heat projections including both higher peak daily temperatures and more frequent consecutive days over 95 degrees • Increasing magnitude and frequency of precipitation events • Elderly and low-income residents disproportionately vulnerable to heat and cooling costs • Housing cost burden (55% of Chicago renters burdened by housing cost) and lack of affordable housing options • CHA mission to expand resident services • Economic need to leverage service provider partnerships • Need for safe and sustainable community assets
SYSTEMS AND SOLUTIONS • Co-located affordable housing and public library leverage public resources, inspire life-long learning and provide urban density • High performance envelope, vegetated roofs, and radiant slabs work together to reduce cooling loads. Energy efficient HVAC systems minimize operating expenses while the library’s cooling center designation protects public safety • Water-conserving plumbing fixtures and a robust stormwater management system manage increasing magnitude and frequency of precipitation events • Shared parking and infrastructure supporting a variety of affordable public transit options
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Design Strategies
Community Resource
EFFICIENCY • Operable windows • Natural daylighting exceeding code by 600% • Natural ventilation 200% better than code • Backup power via 1200kw plug for a mobile generator • High-performance thermal envelope with airsealing package 25% more efficient than code
COMMUNITY COHESION • Designated Cooling Center • Immigrant services including language classes and job skills workshops • YOUmedia teen tinkering space • Senior programming • After-school homework tutoring space • Zones separated so community event space can be operated independent of library hours
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“The applause we seek is the quiet trust and satisfaction of clients and public who know that their interests have been thoughtfully served.” -Larry Perkins
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MISSION ROCK, San Francisco, California Resilience Perkins+Will 67
WE BELIEVE THAT DESIGN HAS THE POWER TO POSITIVELY TRANSFORM PEOPLE AND THE PLANET.
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