THE CONCEPT OF ZERO The concept of zero was created by the Babylonians and the Mayas but the Indians were the ones who invented the symbol of the number zero because in their culture “to be” and “not to be” were set on the same level. The Arabs diffused it in China and Europe. “Zero” stands for nothing. In the western philosophy the concept of nothing opposed to the concept of infinity continued to obsess thinkers and writers like a famous Romantic poet, Giacomo Leopardi, who wrote "the origin of things and of God himself, is nothingness". “Zero” is a concept that the whole world has in common and can be considered a good example against xenophobia. Zero is perfect! Look at it and you will see nothing, but if you look through zero more deeply you will see a completely new world.
TOGETHER
JOINED
INFINITY
TO
IN
PEACE NOTHING
FROM
PEYO YAVOROV SCHOOL - BULGARIA Peyo Yavorov school in Varna is situated in one of the biggest housing complexes called Vladislav Varnenchik. It includes elementary, middle and high school levels. The students are aged 7 to 19. Two years ago the school celebrated its 30-th anniversary. The school offers a variety of facilities – four computer rooms, three gyms, a fitness room, a concert hall, a library, a school museum, a swimming pool. The students can attend extra-curricular clubs like Ecology, a choir, Cheer leaders, basketball, football and handball teams. Peyo Yavorov school was the first school in Varna region which was awarded the international prize Eco Schools Green Flag in 2000. Many eco projects have been held so far. The school community also works on projects in other areas aiming at developing student’s personality and protecting the physical and the mental health of the children.
Еco Classroom
The Bread Day
Folk Celebration
A Swimming Contest
MY SCHOOL - ITALY Istituto magistrale statale`Francesco Angeloni'
`F.Angeloni' Institute is located in a town of small dimension, with a long historical past. The urban area occupies the southern part of Umbria and has represented, during the period of industrial revolution, a national pole of the great steel and chemical industry. Unfortunately, nowadays because of the problems of the steel industry in the context of the international globalization, Terni is crossed by a crisis that makes all the area exposed to phenomena of occupational decrement. Engaged in the search of an alternative economic development, the town lives a crisis of identity looking for a new model of development. The town now is a depressed area and it receives incentives, typical of the industrial areas in crisis, addressed towards tourism, and movie production ( “La vita è bella”, Oscar movie by Roberto Benigni ,was in fact produced in Terni ). Also in the technical literature, the “ Terni case” is a metaphor of a social-economic-cultural situation, typical of the crisis and the search for a new anthropological identity. The ‘Magistrale’ Institute, in the Italian school system, is a type of school mainly focused on teachers education. Because of the development of the Italian Educational System, “Angeloni” Institute evolved from the formation of the future teacher to the direction of Courses like : Music Liceum, Linguistic Liceum, Human Sciences Liceum, Dance Liceum maturing a long European experience, with the `mission' focused on the Comenius partnership, careful to the teachers training process. “F.Angeloni” is also a DEURE centre strongly engaged in the planning of the European projects.
MY SCHOOL - LATVIA
Oskara Kalpaka Rudbāržu primary school History Rudbarzi school was mentioned in Courland (Kurzeme) province statistics book in 1828. For the first time officially Rudbarzu school was mentioned in the statement of the nobility in 1849. School’s motto – poetess words dedicated to Oskars Kalpaks: - Where will I get a strenght for Latvia? - Developing yourself you become this force! (Anna Brigadere)
Oskars Kalpaks 1882-1919
In honour of Oskars Kalpaks, the commander of the first armed unit of Latvia, the 1st Latvian Independent Battalion, in 1919, and his soldiers there is a memorial room at school - Heroes hall.
In 2010 / 2011 school year: kindergarten children and pupils (form 1-9) – 101, teachers – 20, technical staff – 11 were in our school.
In a special way we celebrate the anniversary of Latvia. On the 18th of November we gather at the school, light hundreds of candles in the windows and around the building, too. We listen to music and enjoy fireworks .
Students participate in international Comenius projects. Thereby they have possibilities to improve their personal development very much.
NAISIAI BASIC SCHOOL
This is Naisiai basic school which is located in Naisiai village, Šiauliai district. In 1904 V.Zubov was the first man in Naisiai who opened the school. In 2004 school celebrated a 100 year anniversary. Our school consists of two buildings. One is wooden school where young pupils, from 0 to 4 classes, learn and a new brick school for 5-10 classes students. In the new school also there is a canteen, a cloakroom, a gym, headmaster and teachers’ rooms. About 100 students from Naisiai and nearby villages study in our school. Our school has its own flag and emblem.
Twenty-one teacher work in our school. The headmaster is Vytautas Šimkus and the deputy is Stasė Grušienė.
Students feel safe and happy in our school so they can choose their favourite rite activity like dancing, singing, painting and other things. We have a tradition at school that every class from 5 to 10 grade must prepare one event in a year. These events event involve all students in this funny fun activity and make our school more interesting and attractive.
My school
MY SCHOOL - ROMANIA
The School 26 was founded in 1889 on Ion Mos Street, next to the church with the same name. From 1960 the school develops its activity in the building situated on Cobilitei Street. Our school has classrooms and laboratries where the students learn not only general knowledge but also how to build their future in a Romanian society in permanent change. In our school functions a kindergarden and a Students’ Club where the children can develop their skills in different fields.
ZŠ akad. Jura Hronca, Zakarpatská 12, Rožňava ABOUT US
456 pupils 22 classes 41 pedagogical employees 18 non-pedagogical employees A canteen, 2 gyms, a fitness 15 special classrooms
ACTUAL AGE STRUCTURE Primary level : 6 – 9- year-old pupils Secondary level : 10 – 15- year-old pupils
HEADMASTER OF THE SCHOOL
DEPUTY HEADMISTRESS FOR PRIMARY LEVEL
RNDr. JÁN DŽUBÁK
Mgr. ILDIKÓ STRINKOVÁ
Mgr. ADRIENA KOREŇOVÁ
certification:
certification: Primary Education
certification:
Maths Physics
DEPUTY HEADMISTRESS FOR SECONDARY LEVEL
Slovak Ethics Civics
TEAM OF THE TEACHERS SCHOOL PROJECTS
Infovek Open school Socrates – international project School encouraging health Reconstruction and modernisation of the school Wider introduction of ICT into teaching Commenius – school partnerships
TECHNICAL CONDITIONS COMPLETE RECONSTRUCTION AND MODERNISATION OF THE SCHOOL
3 PC classrooms with 80 PC altogether 60 school notebooks for work and study use 4 interactive whiteboards 13 dataprojectors Photo and video equipment Wi-Fi Internet conection in the whole school building
MY SCHOOL GAZİ PRIMARY SCHOOL
Our school was established in 1962. This year we are going the celebrate 50th Establishment Anniversary. Our school is in Ankara, the capital of Turkey. Gazi Primary School lies within the Yenimahalle District.
VARNA - BULGARIA Varna is the third biggest town in Bulgaria and is situated by the Black sea coast. Varna is a cultural and tourist centre. According to a national survey it is the best place for living in Bulgaria. Lots of tourists visit Varna especially in summer to have their holiday in the hotels nearby. The town history can be traced back to a period of 7000 years ago. There are a lot of tourist sights which include the Archeological museum, The Dolphinarium, the Roman baths, the cathedral, the sea garden. Varna summer is a famous music and theatre festival that takes place here every summer. Varna is an industrial city. There is a ship repair yard, a big port, chemical plants. Varna has an international airport and a passenger port.
The Cathedral
The Royal Residence Evksinograd
The Theatre
The Archeological museum
The Palace of Culture and Sports
The Aquarium
The Sea Garden
The Sea Garden
The Swimming Pool
MY TOWN - ITALY
Our Our Town : TERNI Terni is a town in southern Umbria, central Italy, capital of the province of Terni, located in the plain of the Nera river. It is 104 km (65 mi) N of Rome. The town was probably founded around the 7th century BC by the Umbrians, in a territory inhabited as early as the Bronze Age. In the 3rd century BC it was conquered by the Romans and soon became an important municipium lying on the Via Flaminia. The Roman name was Interamna, meaning "between two rivers". During the Roman Empire the town was enriched with several buildings, including aqueducts, walls, amphitheaters, temples and bridges. During the Middle Ages went under the reign of Longobards and after this directly under the power of the Catholic Church, this up to the end of the 19th Century when in 1861 Italy finally became a Nation under the command of king Vitttorio Emanuele II. In the 19th century Terni took advantage of the Industrial Revolution also because plenty of water sources in the area. New industries included a steelwork, a foundry, as well as weapons, jute and wool factories. In 1927 Terni became capital of the province. The presence of important industries made it a favourite target for the Allied bombings in World War II, totalling 109 raids. Despite of this, the industrial environment increased quickly, in fact the town is called "the Italian Manchester". Terni has three important industrial hubs: the first one is the Stainless called AST (part of the ThyssenKrupp group) , this is a wide area located in the western part of Terni. In the East there is a second industrial hub with four different chemical multinational industries. The third industrial hub is the "TERNI Research", which produces technologies employed for green energies and builds green power plants in Italy.
MY SCHOOL - LATVIA
LATVIA RU DBĀRŽI
Oskara Kalpaka Rudbāržu prim ary school
The rural municipality of Rudbārži • Status - an unit of the Skrundas self - governing territory • Centre - Rudbārži village • Area – 110 km2 • Population (in 2009) - 1099 • Density of population -10 people per km2
The white stork in Latvia symbolizes stable and happy family. Where live storks, there everything would be all right!
Small Rudbārži Church 200 m from school
Rudbārži municipality-house
Kalnamuiža manor-house in Sieksāte
MY CITY – ŠIAULIAI The name of the city came from the battle of the Sun which took place near Šiauliai in 1236. Seven objects of the Sun 1. The square of Golden Boy with the statue which shows three symbols of the town : the Sun , the Archer and the Time which has passed from the first time the name of the town was mentioned. 2. Stained glass “The battle of the Sun“. 3. The statue of Aušra. It was built in 2003 near the park. The author of this statue is Dalia Matulaitė. 4. St. Paul and Peter’s Cathedral. It was built at the beginning of XVII century. On the southern wall of this church you can see one of the oldest sun clocks in Lithuania which shows the correct time. 5. The memorial for Sun battle was built for the honour of the victory of Sun battle which was one of the most important events in the history of Lithuania. 6. Fountain “Solar disks”. It was opened on 1st October, 2006 during the 770 birthday of Šiauliai city. 7. The square of Rooster’s Clock. It is in the center of the city and welcomes the people. who come to Šiauliai.
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Šiauliai is the fourth largest city in Lithuania. Every year our town celebrates its birthday on the 22nd of September. The town is proud of its St. Paul’s Cathedral(8). 3
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My city
This is the emblem of Katowice
Theatre
“Wujek” coal mine
Spodek – a sports and music hall
Silesian Stadium
Silesia Insurgents Monument
MY TOWN - BUCHAREST
Bucharest is the capital city, cultural, industrial, and financial centre of Romania. It is the largest city in Romania, located in the southeast of the country, and lies on the banks of the Dâmbovița River. Bucharest was first mentioned in documents as early as 1459. Since then it has gone through a variety of changes, becoming the state capital of Romania in 1862 and steadily consolidating its position as the centre of the Romanian mass media, culture and arts. In the period between the two World Wars, the city's elegant architecture and the sophistication of its elite earned Bucharest the nickname of the "Little Paris of the East" (Micul Paris). Although many buildings and districts in the historic centre were damaged or destroyed by war, earthquakes and Nicolae Ceaușescu's program of systematization, many survived. In recent years, the city has been experiencing an economic and cultural boom. Bucharest is the 6th largest city in the European Union by population within city limits. Economically, Bucharest is the most prosperous city in Romania. Bucharest is situated in the south eastern corner of the Romanian Plain, in an area once covered by the Vlăsiei forest, which, after it was cleared, gave way to a fertile flatland. As with many cities, Bucharest is traditionally considered to have seven hills, similar to the seven hills of Rome. Bucharest's seven hills are: Mihai Vodă, Dealul Mitropoliei, Radu Vodă, Cotroceni, Spirei, Văcărești and Sf. Gheorghe Nou. In the centre of the capital there is a small artificial lake – Lake Cișmigiu (right picture) – surrounded by the Cișmigiu Gardens. The Cișmigiu Gardens have a rich history, being frequented by famous poets and writers. Opened in 1847 and based on the plans of German architect Carl F.W. Meyer, the gardens are currently the main recreational facility in the city centre. Besides Cișmigiu, Bucharest contains several other large parks and gardens, including HerăstrăuPark and the Botanical Garden. Herăstrău is a large public park located in the north of the city, around Lake Herăstrău, and the site of the Village Museum, while the Bucharest's botanical garden is the largest in Romania and contains over 10,000 species of plants, many of them exotic; it was once a pleasure park for the royal family. Until recently, the regions surrounding Bucharest were largely rural, but after 1989, new suburbs started to be built around Bucharest, in the surrounding Ilfov county.
Welcome to ROŽŇAVA The medieval mining town of Rožňava with over 700 years history lies in the heart of North Gemer. The town and surrounding areas offer a wealth of experiences for tourists in all seasons of the year. Rožňava is a significant centre of tourism and a good starting point for discovering the natural beauties and historical sights of this wonderful part of Slovakia. By the end of the 15th century the essential character of the town had already been created, it was based in a central square consisting of merchant’s houses and a network of narrow streets. The original medieval town square is the largest of its kind in the whole of Slovakia and is one of the most interesting heritage sites in the town . Most of the towns architectural and historical treasures are concentrated around the square and include: the Renaissance Watch Tower, Bishops Palace, The Convent of the Vincent order, the building of the former Mining Association. Other well known heritage sites include: the 14th century gothic Bishop´s Cathedral, the Evangelic Church and the Town Hall. Visitors of the town can admire the architecture and panoramatic views across the town from the viewing gallery at the top of the Renaissance Watch Tower. The Mining Museum exhibits show the history of the mining. A separate exhibition shows the natural history of the Slovak Karst area. Historical sights of Rožňava
Watch Tower
Memorial of Františka Andrassy
Plague Column
Town Hall
Church and Monastery of Franciscans
Reformed Church
Medieval Burgess House
Jesuit Church
Bishop´s Cathedral
Mining Museum
ANKARA My city, Ankara is the Capital City of Turkey which situated at the core of Turkey.
The history of Ankara and its surroundings stretches back to the Hatti civilisation of the Bronze Age. After Hittites. Ankara has been a part of historic events through several great civilizations, including the Phrygians, Lydians, Persians, Greek, Romans, Galatians and Ottomans. The name Ankara comes from the word 'Ancyra', which means 'anchor’.
Ankara is known for its wool, goat, cat, pear and honey In 1923, the founder of Turkish Republic, M. Kemal Ataturk chose the same district to be the capital of newly founded Republic.
Anıtkabir, the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Turkish Republic stands in Ankara. Ankara today is a center of history and culture. There are very notable museums to be found within Ankara, offering a broad spectrum of information on a range of different topics.
In Ankara there are some sites of natural importance, such as the lakes of Golbasi, Cubuk Dam, Kurtbogazi Dam, Karagol for resting, and Mount Elmadag for winter sports. In addition, Kizilcahamam is a thermal and hot springs center for places such as Ayas, Haymana and Beypazari. Central Ankara has a population of nearly 5 million. and also ,Ankara is home for the multitude of universities. Ankara has a continental climate, with cold, snowy winters due to its elevation and inland location, and hot, dry summers. Rainfall occurs mostly during the spring and autumn.
BULGARIA – БЪЛГАРИЯ Bulgaria is a parliamentary republic in Southeast Europe with a territory of 110,994 square kilometers. Its ancient history has been marked by the presence of the Thracians, and later by the Greeks and Romans. The First Bulgarian state dates back to the seventh century. With the downfall of the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1396, its territories came under Ottoman rule for nearly five hundred years.
The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 resulted in the Third Bulgarian State, recognised in 1908. Shortly afterward, Bulgaria engaged in a series of major conflicts with its neighbours and allied with Germany in both World Wars. In 1946 it became a communist republic and it was a satellite member of the Warsaw Pact until 1989, when the Communist Party allowed multi-party elections. After 1990 Bulgaria transitioned to democracy and introduced free-market capitalism.
Bulgaria is a member of the European Union, NATO, the Council of Europe. The population of 7.36 million people is predominantly urban and mainly concentrated in the administrative centres of its 28 provinces. With 1.2 million people, the capital Sofia is the largest city and concentrates most commercial and cultural activities. The strongest sectors of the economy are heavy
industry, power engineering and agriculture, all relying on local natural resources. There are 3 national parks, 9 nature parks and 55 nature reserves.
Some of the main rivers running through the territory of the country are The Danube, The Maritsa, The Iskar, The Yantra. There are five mountains. The Rila mountain has the highest peak on the Balkan peninsula – Musala /2925m/ and over 219 lakes. The Bulgarian Black Sea Coast stretching for 236 miles offers wonderful beaches and calm sea. Bulgaria is the birthplace of the Cyrillic alphabet which was developed in 10th century. Today more than 200 million people from different countries use it.
In Antiquity Bulgarian lands were inhabited by Thracians. They left us amazing artifacts – unique tombs with murals and precious golden and silver treasures. Bulgaria is one of the biggest producers of rose oil in the world. One of the famous Bulgarian folk songs is travelling in deep space on NASA’s “Voyager”.
MY COUNTRY - ITALY Italy officially the Italian Republic, Republic is located in south-central central Europe. To the south it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Peninsula Sicily, Sardinia – the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea – and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are included in the nation of Italy. For centuries The capital of Italy, Rome,, was the political centre of Western civilization as the capital of the Roman Empire. After its decline, decline Italy would endure numerous merous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Longobards and Ostrogoths,, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, Normans among the others. Centuries later, Italy would become the birthplace of the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intellectual movement that would prove to be integral in shaping the subsequent course of European thought. Through much of its post-Roman Roman history, Italy was fragmented into numerous kingdoms and city-states states (such as the Kingdom of Sardinia,, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the Duchy of Milan), Milan but it was unified in 1861,
following a
tumultuous period in history known as "Risorgimento" " " . In the late 19th century, through World War I,, and up to the World War II,, Italy possessed a colonial empire,, which extended its rule to Libya, Eritrea, Somalia,, Ethiopia, Albania, Rhodes, the Dodecanese and a concession in Tianjin, China. Modern Italy is a democratic republic. It has been ranked the world's twentytwenty third most-developed developed country and its Quality-of-Life Index has been ranked in the top ten in the world. Our Region : UMBRIA
Umbria is a region of modern central Italy.. It is defined “the Green Heart of Italy”. It’s one of the smallest Italian regions and the only peninsular region that is landlocked. Its capital is Perugia. The region was named after the Umbrian an tribe, one of those who were absorbed by the expansion of the Romans, but our region was also inhabited by The Etruscans. They were the chief enemies of the Umbrians, and the Etruscan invasion went from the western seaboard towards the north and east Umbrians towards the Appennini.
eventually driving the
"For Fatherland and Freedom" Freedom Monument erected in 1935 (Again since independence in 1992, honor guard stands)
LITHUANIA 1
Vilnius is the capital of Lithuania(1). It has always been a multinational, multilingual, and multicultural European city. We have a very old Gediminas Castle in Vilnius(2), which was built many years ago by Duke Gediminas. Now the castle is the pride of Lithuania. . In 1579, Vilnius University, an important scientific and education centre of the European scale, was opened.
Lithuanian national flag consists of three colours: yellow, green and red. Parliamentary republic The coat of arms of Lithuania is Vytis. President Dalia Grybauskaitė Population 3,1 millions, area 65300km². Lithuania is a member of the European Union and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (2004).
Lithuania is the land of huge forests and wonderful lakes (3). We are proud of our seaside (5) and the great dunes (6). The most famous landmarks in Lithuania: Trakai Castle (7), the Hill of Crosses (4), Open air museum of the centre of Europe, Neringathe Curonian Spit.
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Lithuania is the only Baltic country with nearly eight hundred years of statehood tradition, while its name was first mentioned almost one thousand years ago, in 1009. Wedged at the dividing line of Western and Eastern civilizations, Lithuania battled dramatically for its independence and survival. Once in the Middle Ages, Lithuania was the largest state in the entire Eastern Europe, where crafts and overseas trade prospered.
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My country
MY COUNTRY - ROMANIA
SLOVAKIA
Slovakia is a mountainous country. There are the High and Low Tatras, the Big and Small Fatra, the Slovak Ore Mountains, the Štiavnica Mountains, etc. These parts are perfect for hiking in summer and skiing in winter. There are plains in the south with agriculture and the river Danube, the biggest European river. There are big cities with industry and small historical towns with nice scenery. There are a lot of spas, thermal parks, caves and mineral springs in Slovakia. PRESIDENT
GENERAL INFORMATION
Area: Population: Location: Official name: State formation date: State system: Political system: President: EU member since Currency:
49 035 km² 5 500 000 Central Europe The Slovak Republic (SR) 1 January 1993 republic parliamentary democracy Ivan Gašparovič 1 May 2004 Euro
Bratislava the Capital of the SR
Spa Piešťany
Ivan Gašparovič
Košice
Banská Bystrica
Chateau Betliar
The Hight Tatras
Ivan Bella Caves Domica
the first Slovak astronaut colonel of Slovak Army he flew to the Space Station MIR within the mission Sojuz TM – 29 20 February 1999
MY COUNTRY
TURKEY
Turkey stretches over two continents and bridges Europe to Asia.
Turkey , encircled by seas on three sides: the Aegean Sea to the west, the Black Sea to the north and the Mediterranean to the south, has been the cradle of several civilizations.
Istanbul is the only city in the world to straddle two continents. Once was capital of the Ottoman Empire, still remains the commercial, historical and cultural pulse of Turkey.
Two of the original Seven Wonders of the (Ancient) World, The Temple of Artemis and the Mausoleum of Maussollos are in Turkey.
Ankara is the capital city of Turkey and the population of the country is 73 million. Republic of Turkey is a parliamentary representative democracy. Agriculture, industry and tourism are the major pillars of the Turkish economy.
There are seven regions in Turkey and each has a different climate depending on its location from the mountain ranges, seas. You can swim under the sunshine while others are skiing. Turkish culture is as diverse as its climate, and reflects its rich cultural heritage.
Mount Nemrut
Pamukkale
Sumela Monastery
Cappadocia
PEACE LETTER - BULGARIA
PEACE LETTER - ITALY
Hi! My name is Leonardo Ungarini , I’m sixteen years old and my birthday’s on the 17 July . I am from Terni and I’m attending F. Angeloni high school , the third school year specialised in languages . My favourite subjects are : English , French , History , Spanish , and Art . I am tall and thin , I’ve got short, brown hair and brown eyes . I’m easy-going , generous , sociable , cheerful , chatty and I like staying with people . I live in a flat with my mother Rita and at the week-end I usually stay with my father Gustavo . I haven’t got any pet but I love animals . During the week I go to school , I do my homework , and I go out with my friends . I don’t practise any sport but three times a week I go to the gym . I like reading books to the children at the public library , I like going to the cinema , I like listening to music and I love eating : pizza , every type of pasta , meat etc.. One of the things I love most is travelling and sightseeing ; for example I visited : Madrid , Prague , Budapest , Munich , Paris and Innsbruck . I hope I’ll meet you as soon as possible to share our ideas on young people’s lifestyles
PEACE LETTER - LATVIA Dear friend, I will tell you about peace. Tell that it is difficult to keep the peace and that it is difficult to control anger. I think my classmates won’t understand this text, but the teacher will. I hope all will understand. Peace. It sounds so nice, nic but so difficult to realize. Peace is such a difficult thing to do. You ou can just keep the peace for yourself, just keeps it in the country and in the world. If one person erson takes over the anger, the anger takes over all. Peace sinks like a ship in the sea. If one person takes over the anger and the others other see it, then all fly into a rage. You ou cannot retain peace for yourself, in your town, country, continent and in the world. world But there is someone who can pull the Peace ship out of the sea. Someone omeone who has ha a clear heart. Someone one who can keep the peace for oneself, andd this one pulls the Peace ship out of the sea. There is a peace in the world now. We all are happy. The Anger ship sinks and doesn’t show above the sea for a long time. Now you y can keep the peace for yourself, in your family, city, country, continent and in the world. But you must be ready for the next battle with anger, because there re is someone who can pull the Anger ship out of the sea, but we will hope it never happen. Quite honestly,, raise your hand, who understands! Once again, for those who don’t understand. It's hard to keep the peace. If one is angry,, it searches for a dispute with each other and all are in hostility, but there is someone who can settle this dispute. If someone can do it, then man will be special.
Author - Annija Elizabete Meija Form - 6 School - Oskara Kalpaka Rudbāržu Rudb primary school Country - Latvia
Letter
Dear Friend!
My name is Marta. I’m thirteen years old and I’m from Poland. When I look at the world around I can see many people arguing and warring. Sometimes I wonder how to stop this and then I think there is no hope for a change, because so far no one has ever done anything about it. It seems wars will never end. But is the situation really hopeless? I remember one film about a boy who decided to do something special. He came up with the project called “Pay it forward”. He wanted to help three people, and those three people were to help some other three people. That’s how the chain was created. In the end, he made many people happier. And I think this is the key. Maybe we cannot save the world, but we can make some small changes first. Let’s start with ourselves. Let’s just be nice and kind to everyone, beginning with the members of our family. Let’s try to get to know our neighbors better. If we can, let’s help people around us – even if it was only the matter of carrying some shopping bags for an elderly lady. Let’s stop our anger and annoyance, whenever possible. And what is most important, let’s take care of our friends and make some new ones as often as we can. This may be our small, but in the end, a very big role in peace – making! Greetings from Poland!
PEACE LETTER - SLOVAKIA
PROVERBS - BULGARIA BETTER STALE BREAD IN PEACE THAN PLENTY OF MEALS IN HATRED
In Turkish: Barış döneminde kuru ekmek, nefret dönemindeki ziyafetten iyidir. In Slovak : Lepší je kúsok chleba v pokoji než mnoho jedla s nenávisťou. In Bulgarian: По-добре сух хляб с мир, отколкото много ястия със зехир In Latvian: Labāk cieta maize mierā dzīvojot, nekā bagāti mielasti naidā. In Italian: Meglio essere poveri nella pace che ricchi nell’odio. In Romanian : Mai bine o paine veche in pace,decat o multime de mese cu ura. In Polish:Lepszy czerstwy chleb w czasach pokoju niż wykwintne posiłki w czasach nienawiści. In Lithuanian: Geriau sužiedijusios duonos riekė taikoje, negu perteklius nesantaikoje.
PROVERB - ITALY
Peace comes from prudence, And richness comes from peace
Dalla prudenza viene la pace, dalla pace viene l’abbondanza
Kur mīlestība, lestība, ba, tur miers un patiesība. paties Latvian proverb Where love is, there’s peace and truth. truth
In Turkish:
Sevginin olduğu ğu yerde, Barış Barı ve Dürüstlük vardır. In Slovakian:
Kde je láska, tam je mier a dôvera. In Bulgarian:
Където има любов, любов там има мир и истина.. In Italian:
Dove c'è amore, c'è pace e verità. In Romanian:
Unde este dragoste,este si pace si adevar. In Lithuanian:
Kur meilė, ten vyrauja taika ir tiesa. In Polish:
Gdzie jest miłość, miłość tam pokój i prawda.
LIVE LIKE BROTHERS, LOVE LIKE SISTERS In Turkish: Erkek kardeşler gibi yaşa, kız kardeşler gibi sev. In Slovak Language: Žite ako bratia, milujte ako sestry. In Bulgarian: Живейте като братя, обичайте се като сестри . In Latvian: Dzīvot kā brāļiem, mīlēt kā māsām. In Italian: Vivete come fratelli, amatevi come sorelle. In Romanian Language: Traieste ca fratii,iubeste ca surorile. In Lithuanian: Gyvenkime kaip broliai, mylėkime kaip seserys.
3ed meeting in Lithuania, 2011
In Polish: Żyjcie jak bracia, kochajcie jak siostry.
10th form students, 2011 Mantas Grigalauskas, 6th form, 2011
5th meeting in Poland, 2011
Lukas Šimkevičius, 9th form, 2011
Words of peace Gość w dom, Bóg w dom. A Guest is coming, God is coming. Turkish: Misafir geliyor, Tanrı geliyor. Slovak: Hosť do domu, boh do domu. Bulgarian: Гост е дошъл, Бог е дошъл. Latvian: Ciemiņš nāk, Dievs nāk. Italian: Quando arriva un ospite arriva Dio. Romanian: Un invitat vine, Dumnezeu vine. Lithuanian: Jei svečiai ateis, Dievas kartu su jais.
ROMANIAN PROVERB Let peace be your thought, your word, your greatest virtue = Fie ca pacea sa-ti fie gandul, cuvantul, cea mai mare virtute.
PROVERBS Slovakia Turkish Proverb: Peace at Home, Peace in the World. In Slovak Language: Mier doma, mier vo svete.
Romanian Proverb: Peace means prosperity. In Slovak Language: Mier znamená rozvoj.
Slovak Proverb: Offer bread to the man who throws a stone at you. In Slovak Language: Kto do teba kameňom, ty doňho chlebom.
Italian Proverb: Peace would be great if there weren’t “mine and yours” In Slovak Language: Mier by bol úplný, keby nebolo “tvoje a moje”.
Lithuanian Proverb: Live like brothers, love like sisters In Slovak Language: Žite ako bratia, milujte ako sestry.
Bulgarian Proverb: Better stale bread in peace than plenty of meals with hatred. In Slovak Language: Lepší je kúsok chleba v pokoji než mnoho jedla s nenávisťou.
Latvian Proverb: Where love is, there’s peace and truth. In Slovak Language: Kde je láska, tam je mier a dôvera.
Polish Proverb: A Guest is coming, God is coming. In Slovak Language: Hosť do domu, boh do domu.
MAN OF PEACE - BULGARIA Nikola Yonkov Vaptsarov ( 1909 -1942) Nikola Yonkov Vaptsarov –( 1909 -1942) was a Bulgarian poet and revolutionary. Working most of his life as a machinist, he only wrote in his spare time. Despite the fact that he ever published only one poetry book, he is considered one of the biggest Bulgarian poets. Trained as a machine engineer at the Naval Machinery School in Varna, which was later named after him, his first service was on the famous Drazki torpedo boat. Later he went to work in a factory - at first as a stoker and eventually as a mechanic. He was elected Chairman of the Association protecting worker rights in the factory. He successfully led a strike of about 300 workers in 1936 to reinstate workers after a lockout. In early 1941 Nazi forces were allowed to enter Bulgaria and take control of the country as a prelude to the attack on the USSR. Vaptsarov joined the armed resistance movement and was active in the ‘military centre’. His training as an engineer and mechanic proved useful at this juncture. This was an extremely tiring and hazardous task and Vaptsarov found little time to write poems. Yet he was urged by his comrades to keep writing as one of them put it, ‘Though at the moment the fate of the world is being decided by arms, a stirring contemporary poem is no less important than arms.’ Vaptsarov was arrested in 1942 and subjected to inhuman torture and finally executed on 23rd July, 1942. He continued to write till the very end, and indeed his last verse addressed to his wife is one of the most moving and inspiring. His only released book of poetry is Motoring Verses (1940). In 1952, he received posthumously the International Peace Award. His poetry has been translated in 98 languages throughout the world.
History History, will you mention us In your faded scroll? We worked in factories, offices – Our names were not well known. We worked in fields, smelled strongly Of onion and sour bread. Through thick moustaches angrily We cursed the life we led. For life, showing no mercy, With heavy brutish paw Battered our hungry faces. That’s why our tongue is raw.
That’s why the poems I’m writing In hours I steal from sleep Have not the grace of perfume, But brief and scowling beat. For the hardship and affliction We do not seek rewards, Nor do we want our pictures In the calendar of years. Just tell our story simply To those we shall not see, Tell those who will replace us – We fought courageously.
SAN FRANCESCO – A MAN OF PEACE – ITALY The Canticle of the Creatures San Francesco d'Assisi Most high, all powerful, all good Lord All praise is yours, all glory, all honor and all blessing. To you alone, Most High, do they belong and no human being is worthy to pronounce your name. Praised be You, my Lord, through all that you have made, and first my lord brother Sun, who brings the day and light you give us through him; How beautiful is he, how radiant in all his splendour: of you, Most High, he bears the likeness.
………
Praised be You, my Lord, hrough our sister mother Earth, who sustains and governs us, producing varied fruits with coloured flowers and herbs. Praised be You, my Lord, through those who grant pardon for love of You, and bear sickness and trial; blessed are those who endure in peace, by You, most High, they will be crowned. Praised be You, my Lord, through our corporal sister Death, from whom no mortal can escape: woe to those who die in mortal sin; blessed are they she finds doing your will, no second death can do them harm. Praise and bless my Lord, and give him thanks and serve him with great humility.
Francis was born in Assisi in 1181. Son of a cloth merchant, he wanted to become a member of the lesser nobles in his town: He took part in the war against Perugia and, while he was travelling to Puglia to participate in the Crusade, he heard a voice which invited him to rebuild his Church. Francis obeyed and left his family and friends to lead a poor, solitary and penitential life for several years. In 1209 he started to preach the Gospel in various towns and, together with his followers, he went to Rome to gain the Pope’s approval of his choice of life. From 1210 to 1224 he wandered in the streets and the squares of the Italian towns gathering crowds and crowds of people and followers called by him friars. He welcomed Clare who started the second Franciscan order and next he founded a third order for those who wished to live a life as penitents with rules suitable for laical people. He died during the night between the third and the fourth of October in 1228. Francis is one of the leading figures in the human history and still speaks to every generation. His charm comes from his great love for Jesus from whom he received the stigmata.
Assisi "World Heritage of Humanity
It is a “Holy City” loved by God, gate of the Paradise for the salvation of many, called to return to the splendour of Saint Francis’ s times, the most beloved Saint of the world, who, before dying blessed Assisi with this prayer: Lord, I believe that this city was in ancient times shelter and home of evil wicked men, infamous in all these regions. But for your abundant mercy, in the time that pleased you, I see that you have shown the overabundance of your goodness, so that the city has become refuge and stay of those who know you and give glory to your name and spread scent of holy life, direct doctrine and good reputation among all the Christian people. I pray you therefore, O Lord Jesus Christ, Father of mercy, not to look at our ingratitude, but to remember only the abundance of your goodness, that you have shown. This city may always be land and home of those who know you and glorify your name, blessed and glorious in the centuries of the centuries. Amen.“
World Day of Prayer for Peace summoned at Assisi by John Paul II on October 27th, 1986.
One of the most popular Latvian writer: • poet; • playwright. Social and political figure. 11.09.1865 – 12.09.1929
Rainis’ idejas • •
oposse to uncritical treatment of the past heritage and ostentatius transformation of national identity, through folklore images found national unity, independence and the struggle for human freedom, ethical issues and talk about responsibility for the future ahead.
Rainis about peace
„Only man achieved freedom of great peace inwardly, can go to the great life…”
„Not the nation against nation will be at war, but all together against the darkness.”
„God gave funny, enjoyable blessed peace of mind - full of peaceful labour.”
Rainis literary works are immortalized in the songs, plays and films. Choral songs by Rainis words to the Latvian people have become the same symbols as the anthem, flag, coat of arms. When you listen to these songs people experience stronger feelings of patriotism and even greater attachment to their nation, land.
Rainis poem „The Broken Pines” has gained great popularity since it was written in 1905 and dedicated to the revolutionaries who fought for workers’ freedom and rights. This poem translated into 43 languages. Emils Darzins composed the music for this poem. This song has become one of the choral song pearls for Latvian people.
SIGITAS KUČAS KU AS , A MAN OF PEACE Sigitas Kučas, Kuč a 47- year – old physicist from Vilnius Theoretical physics and astronomy institute and his fellow Lithuanians were the organizers of this daring experiment – "a social experiment to celebrate diversity and honor traditions of peace embedded in many cultures". THE GREAT Millennium Peace Ride - eleven cyclists from seven different countries were the people spreading a message of peaceful cross-cultural cross coexistence. The he idea of cycling around the world was initiated by a small international group of cyclists in Athens, Greece in 1993, who proposed that hundreds of cyclists should come together to promote peace around the world and create opportunities for people of different ferent nationalities to live and cooperate together. Hundreds of people from 185 countries worked together to plan the route through 64 countries and raise funds for the Peace Ride project. Three Lithuanians, two Italians, two Poles, a German, a Mexican, a Croat and a Peruvian, all committed cyclists, began their odyssey on August 6, 1998 in Seattle. Their final destination was Nagasaki, Japan, where they arrived arrive in January 2000. The he cycling marathon‘s marathon riders were between the ages of 23 and 62. "This trip is really from the heart. Each of us can personally appreciate what peace in the world means to the ordinary person." Sigitas Kučas čas Withh the Peace flag and love in their hearts they reached Hiroshima on the eve of the New Millennium. During the seventeen months of cycling around the world, they visited 45 countries in North and South America, ca, Africa, Europe, and Asia. They made 23,500 km by bike; more than 600 cyclists joined them for shorter or longer distances in different parts of the route. On the road there were thousands of people enthusiastically supporting the ideas of the Peace Ride. Only four cyclists began and ended the journey, with likelike minded cyclists joining along the way to support these determined individuals. Sigitas Kučas Ku (physicist), Edvardas vardas Žižys (economics professor), Goda Ciplytė Ciplyt (English translator in the Lithuanian Prime Minister's office), of Lithuania, and Slavomir Platek, of Poland, were the original cyclists. "If you can change yourself, you can change the world." Sigitas.
1
Man of peace POPE JOHN PAUL II Pope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005, born Karol Józef Wojtyła) reigned as Supreme Pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church and Sovereign of Vatican City from 16 October 1978 until his death on 2 April 2005. John Paul II has been acclaimed as one of the most influential leaders of the 20th century. It is widely held that he was instrumental in ending Communism in his native Poland and eventually all of Europe as well as significantly improving the Catholic Church's relations with Judaism, Islam, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Anglican Communion.
…THERE’S NO PEACE WITHOUT JUSTICE, THERE’S NO JUSTICE WITHOUT FORGIVENESS… Nie ma pokoju bez sprawiedliwości, nie ma sprawiedliwości bez przebaczenia…
…BE DEMANDING OF YOURSELF EVEN IF OTHERS DON’T DEMAND IT… Wymagajcie od siebie choćby inni od was nie wymagali…
A RICH MAN IS NOT THE ONE THAT OWNS A LOT BUT THE ONE WHO GIVES… Bogatym nie jest ten co posiada, lecz ten kto daje…
NICOLAE TITULESCU (1882 -1941) Nicolae Titulescu has occupied, for almost four decades, a leading part in the public life of Romania, and became, between the Two World Wars, one of the remarkable personalities of the international life. His political activity began in 1912, the year of his election as member of the Parliament. After five years he got his first mandate at the Ministry for Finance. In early 1918 he went to Paris where he participated as a member of the Romanian delegation to the Peace Conference. In 1922 he was named Ambassador of Romania in London. In autumn 1930 he was elected President of the General Assembly of the League of Nations, as a sign of recognition of his high reputation on the international ground. In 1931, contrary to the usual practice (not to renew the mandate of the same person), he was reelected President of the General Assembly of the League of Nations, thanks to his sustained activity in this post. In 1932 he returned to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs until 1936. His qualities were utterly exceptional: passionate and convincing orator who excelled in logic, precision, elegance; versatile diplomat, constantly defending not only the Romanian interests but also the interests of the international peace. In a period which gave a lot of political personalities, Titulescu had won the fame of one of the most imposing orators of his time. A French writer considered him as the greatest public-speaker in the Voltaire’s language. Titulescu was called “Ambassador of peace” , ”Minister of Europe” ,“Tribune of peace”. A. Frangulis, President of the International Diplomatic Academy, described him as “a legendary figure of the international congresses and meetings”. Moreover, he counted among the founding members of International Diplomatic Academy in Paris and in 1934 he was elected President of this Academy. From this position, he presented, at the annual sessions, important speeches about problems of minorities, collective security, united Europe, indivisibility of peace, principles of non-aggression. He fought for the respect of the sovereignty and equality of all nations in the international community, for the preservation of stable borders through the maintenance of peace, for good relations between both large and small neighbouring states. In 1942, shortly after his death, W. Steed, professor at King’s College in London, stated that Nicolae Titulescu, “man of an extreme intelligence and infallible charm”, had two dominant features: devotion to Romania and devotion to the general cause of “the European peace”. According to his views about the progress of the international relationships and about the part played by the International Law in the nations’ life, Nicolae Titulescu considered that peace represented the central element of reference, the premise and purpose of the harmonious development of all states, the motivation and dynamic agent which lie at the basis at the general progress. “Peace”, wrote N. Titulescu in his famous speech in the Reichstag in 1929 (Dynamics of Peace), “is a phenomenon in permanent movement. It’s something alive that accomplishes itself step by step. Peace means neither rest nor neglect. Peace means goal and direction.” He understood, unlike not many in that period, that, to consolidate the friendship relations and good-neighbour policy, represents the most solid guarantee of peace. He encouraged the efforts to establish, to maintain and to put on a solid basis the Little Entente and the understanding among the Balkan countries. Raymond Cartier, a great publicist of those times, wrote: “Ti-tu-les-cu! The four syllables of his name filled the diplomatic history after the War. He was one of the great men of Romania, one of the great men of Little Entente, one of the great men of Europe.” These words synthesize the enormous prestige Titulescu enjoyed during his life and the exceptional part he played in the very complicated times of the European and World history.
Milan Rastislav Štefánik Milan Rastislav Štefánik was born on July 21, 1880 in Košariská and died on May 4, 1919 in Ivanka pri Dunaji. He was a Slovak politician, diplomat and astronomer. During World War I, he was General of the French Army, at the same time the Czechoslovak Minister of War, one of the leading members of the Czechoslovak National Council and he contributed decisively to the cause of Czechoslovak sovereignty.
Finally, Štefánik wanted to return home to see his family. He decided to fly from Campoformido by Udine in Italy and to use an Italian military plane, a Caproni 450. On May 4, 1919 around 11am, his plane tried to land near Bratislava (which was a military conflict area between the First Republic of Czechoslovakia and the Hungarian Soviet Republic at that time), but crashed near Ivanka pri Dunaji. Štefánik died along with two Italian officers. The reason for the plane crash is disputed. The official explanation at that time was that the airplane crashed due to bad weather accidentally. "Just at that time Šrobár and all his government left Bratislava to Skalica to plant trees as a memorial of the founding of the new Czechoslovak Republic. It is also unlikely that his plane was shot down by Hungarian communists standing on the middle of the Franz Joseph bridge of Bratislava. Štefánik’s sudden death, in combination with his preceding quarrels with Beneš, contributed to Slovak suspicion towards the Czechs during the First Republic of Czechoslovakia. Štefánik's tomb was built in 1927-28 on the Bradlo hill in Brezová pod Bradlom. The monumental yet austere memorial was designed by Dušan Jurkovič.
“Come, come, whoever you are, Wanderer, worshipper, lover of leaving, Ours is not a caravan of despair. Even if you have broken your vows a thousand times It doesn’t matter Come, come yet again, come” MEVLANA CELALEDDIN RUMI
Seven advice of MEVLANA In generosity and helping others be like a river In compassion and grace be like sun In concealing others' faults be like night In anger and fury be like dead In modesty and humility be like earth In tolerance be like a sea Either exist as you are or be as you look
Mevlana Celaleddin Rumi is a 13th century Muslim poet, jurist, theologian, and Sufi mystic known throughout the world for his exquisite poems and words of wisdom. Mevlana was born in the city of Belh of the Horasan country in 1207 and Rumi and his family travelled extensively in the Muslim lands, performed pilgrimage to Mecca and finally settled in Konya. Mevlana, who summarized his life with the words, "I was raw, cooked and then burned" died on Sunday, December 17,1273. Mevlana believed the day of death to be a day of rebirth, the reunification to his beloved, that is, the God, he was referring to that day as "Sheb-i Aruz" which means the bridal night.
"When we are dead, do not turn your eyes to the ground, seeking my grave! My grave will be in the hearts of the wise" Hz. Mevlana
Mevlana's philosophy was mainly based on Love of humans, love of God, tolerance of humans to each other, positive reasoning, goodness, charity and awareness through love. His works speak the universal language of love and tolerance, Mevlana’s words resonated with readers around the world and transcending all religions with his common themes of unity and faith in God’s will. Mevlana’s works have been translated into many languages. Mesnevi, Divan-i Kebir, Fihi Ma Fih, Mektubat (Letters),Mecalis-i Seb'a (Seven Courts) are among his works.
NATIONAL HOLIDAY - BULGARIA 3rd March – The National Holiday of Bulgaria – The Day of Liberation 1st March – The Labour Day 6th May - St. George’s Day 24th May – The Day of the Bulgarian Alphabet, Culture and Slavonic Literature 6th September – The Day of Bulgarian Unity 22nd September – The Day of Bulgarian Independence 1st November – The Day of the National Educators 25th -26th December – Christmas 15-16th April 2012 - Easter
ST. JORDAN’S DAY On this day, according to biblical legend, Jesus Christ was baptized in the River Jordan by John the Baptist. At the time of baptism, heaven opened and the Holy Spirit descended on Christ as a dove from heaven and spread voice: “ This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased. “ Hence the name of the holiday – Epiphany.
On the 6th January after the service in the church the priest throws a cross into the water and it should be found and taken out. It is believed that the one who has found the cross in the water will be healthy and happy. He goes round the village with the cross. There is a belief that if the cross freezes in the water, the year will be healthy and fertile.
Italian Holidays – ITALY January 1st - New Year January 6th - Epiphany of Our Lord 1 - Easter and Easter Monday April 25th – Anniversary of the liberation 2 May 1st - Labour Day 3 June 2nd – Republic Day 4 August 15th - Assumption of Maria November 1st – All Saints December 8th – Immaculate Conception December 25th -Christmas 26 Dicember- Saint Stephen - First Martyr Holiday of the Patron Saint in Terni: Saint Valentine February 14th 1 - Epiphany, from theGreek word “koine” which means "manifestation", "striking appearance", or Theophany (meaning "vision of God") which falls on January 6th, is a Christian feast that celebrates the revelation of God’s Son as a human being in Jesus Christ. Western Christians commemorate mainly the visitation of the Biblical Magi to the Baby Jesus, and thus Jesus’s physical manifestation to the people. Eastern Christians commemorate the baptism of Jesus in the Jordan River, seen as his manifestation to the world as the Son of God. 2 - The Italian resistance day which celebrates partisans forces’ victory during World War II. In 1944, with the Allied forces nearby, the partisan resistance in Italy staged an uprising behind German lines, led by the Committee of National Liberation of Upper Italy (CLNAI). This rebellion led to the establishment of a number of provisional partisan governments throughout the mountainous regions of northern Italy. By the end of 1944, German reinforcements and Benito Mussolini's remaining forces had crushed the uprising, and the area's liberation had to wait until the final offensives of 1945. 3 - May Day : May Day on May 1 is an ancient northern spring festival and usually a public holiday. May Day is also a traditional holiday in many cultures. In many countries, May Day is synonymous with International Workers' Day, or Labour Day, a day of political demonstrations and celebrations organised by communists, anarchists, socialists, unionists, and other activist groups.
4 - Republic Day (literally Festival of our Republic) is celebrated in Italy on the second of June each year. The day commemorates the institutional referendum held by universal suffrage in 1946, in which the Italian people were called to the polls to decide on the form of government, following the Second World War and the fall of Fascism. With 12,717,923 votes for a republic and 10,719,284 for the monarchy, the male descendants of the House of Savoy were sent into exile. To commemorate it, a grand military parade is held in central Rome, presided by the President of the Italian Republic in his role as Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. The Prime Minister, formally known as the President of the Council of Ministers and other high officers of state are present too.
NATIONAL HOLIDAY - LATVIA
Each year in November Oskara Kalpaka Rudbāržu primary school holds a festive concert on occasion of Proclamation Day of the Republic of Latvia. The event begins with a speech by the school headmaster. The best teachers and staff are greeted. The best student families are awarded with diplomas. After the formal part, pupils’ concert is starting. Every year after concert candles are lighted in all windows at the school and in the school’s yard, too. In the evening Rudbarzi residents and guests are welcomed by Skrunda county council chairman, Rudbarzu district manager and principal of the school. All together sing the national anthem and enjoy the beautiful fireworks. There are folk dances in the school’s Heroes hall after fireworks. Anniversary of Latvia is celebrated all around the country, especially in Riga. In the morning there is the ecumenical public worship in the Dome church. Members of Parliament listen to the Speaker declamation at the ceremonial meeting. President of the State and members of parliament put down flowers at the Monument of Freedom. Concerts are everywhere in Latvia. In the evening there Candle procession at the Freedom Monument in Riga is a choral singing at the Freedom Monument. The President’s speech to the people always is expected. Firework in Riga – in the capital of Latvia
LITHUANIAN NATIONAL HOLIDAY HOLI
The 6th of July - Lithuanian national
festival,
the
first
Lithuanian
ruler
king
Mindaugas’
crowning
day.
The
first
and
the
only
Lithuanian King was crowned on the 6th
of
July, 1253.
Lithuanian King Mindaugas united Lithuanians and made one nation.
People in the capital and in the smaller towns celebrate this national festival reminding the past of Lithuania and its
traditions.
The
President of Lithuania Dalia
Grybauskaitė
makes a speech on that day. On the 6th of July the
President
Grybauskaitė
Dalia honours
the worthy people of Lithuania them
and
medals.
tradition
gives It’s
among
a the
Lithuanians in all over the
world
to
sing
Lithuanian anthem at 9 pm on that day.
1st January New Year’s day The day of Lithuanian flag 16th February Day of Restoration of Lithuania’s Independence 11th March Day of Restoration of Independence of Lithuania 8th April Easter 6st May ( first Sunday ) Mother’s day 24th June Feast of St.John 6th July Lithuanian national festival, the first Lithuanian ruler king Mindaugas’ crowning day. 15th August The Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary 1st September The beginning of school year 5th October Teachers’ day 1st November All Saints Day 25th December Christmas
National holidays Polish Independence Day is a public holiday in Poland celebrated every year on 11th November. It marks the restoration of Poland's independence in 1918. After 123 years of partitions by Russia, Prussia and Austria Poland reappeared on the map of Europe as a sovereign democratic state.
Year after year, The Polish community, whether at home or abroad, gathers together to commemorate the 3rd of May Constitution and to honor all the great minds who took part in the creation of this revolutionary document in 1791. They celebrate because the constitution symbolizes the spiritual and moral renovation of the Polish nation after a long period of chaos and disorder. They celebrate because the constitution established a democratic philosophy of humanitarianism and tolerance, including entire liberty to all people. And, most of all, they celebrate because the 3rd of May Constitution is not only a milestone in the Polish political and social history. but it is also a landmark in the European tradition, being the second constitution ever written in the world, and a first on the European soil.
One of the most celebrated days associated with workers group is St. Barbara's Day on December 4th. St. Barbara is a patron of coal miners.
SLOVAK NATIONAL UPRISING The Slovak National Uprising was an armed insurrection organized by the Slovak resistance movement during World War II against German Wehrmacht. It was launched on August 29 1944 from Banskรก Bystrica . The rebel Slovak partisan forces consisted 60,000 soldiers, plus plus 18,000 partisans from over 30 countries, like Russia, Poland, Czech, France, Bulgaria, etc, The Slovak forces were defeated by Nazi Germany on October 28 1944 and, guerrilla warfare continued until the Soviet Army occupied Slovakia in 1945. The famous memorial place is the Monument of Slovak National Uprising in Banskรก Bystrica, where the celebrations take place every August. This feast is during the summer holiday and Slovak people celebrate it individually in each town or village. We put bunches of flowers on memorial places to remember soldiers fallen in the uprising.That day celebrations are taken place in town squares where folk groups dance and sing.
Products of old traditional crafts are shown and sold there and people can buy drinks and food.
One of the traditions is making big camp fires in all villages and towns. People sit around, play the guitars and sing songs.
TURKISH NATIONAL HOLIDAYS April 23: National Sovereignty and Children's Day (Anniversary of the establishment of Turkish Grand National Assembly) May 1: Labour and Solidarity Day (recently added in 2009) May 19: Atatürk Commemoration and Youth & Sports Day ( The arrival of Atatürk in Samsun, and the beginning of the War of Independence) August 30: Victory Day October 29: Republic Day (Anniversary of the declaration of the Turkish Republic) 23 APRIL NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY AND CHILDREN’S DAY 23 April National Sovereignty and Children's Day is a national day which was dedicated to Turkish children by the founder of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, to emphasize that they are the future of the new nation. The first celebration of it was held on April 23rd, 1920, when the Turkish Grand National Assembly met in Ankara and laid down the foundations of a new, independent, secular, and modern republic.
The festival has been celebrated internationally since 1979 with The Turkish Radio and Television Corporation. Today, TRT International 23rd April Children’s festival is celebrated every year with participation of approximately 50 countries. At Children’s Festival, all the children is speaking the same language, World Peace language. Every year, children coming from different countries stay with Turkish families, they present their folkloric dances in stadiums.
Schools participate in week-long ceremonies marked by performances in all fields at schools and in large stadiums. Stadium shows broadcast from TRT television channels. Among the activities on this day, the children send their representatives to replace state officials and high ranking bureaucrats in their offices.
GAMES - BULGARIA The game can be played by a different number of students - the more, the funnier.
Burn, burn handkerchief In this game the children squat in a circle. Only one kid holds a handkerchief and runs around the circle singing “Burn, burn handkerchief, the dog is pulling it!”. The task is to drop the hanky behind one’s back. The one that gets the hanky stands up and starts chasing the other one and tries to take his place in the circle. This game is real fun and you should try to play it.
Wishbone is the name of an old game. It is usually played by two people. The one shouldn’t take any kind of objects that the opponent wants to give him. To start the game a branched chicken or turkey bone ("furcula", referred to as a jaw bone or the wishbone) need to be broken by two players. Their goal is to pass an object under some pretext that the other will take it. The player who has got the smaller part is the only one that should not take anything. When one opponent passes an object to the other, the recipient must say: “I know!”. In this way you show the other that you have not forgotten about the game. If you do not say it, your friend says "One, two, three ... Wishbone " and that’s how he wins the game and you have to carry out his wish.
NATIONAL GAME - ITALY
This game is to be played against a wall and the ground must be without obstacles. The players (not less than two and no more than ten) must draw a line on the ground, 5 steps distance from the wall. Each of the players should take ten coins, while a big coin must remain at their disposal. Standing behind the line, one of the players, drawn lots, throws the big coin, trying to make it bounce against the wall and stop on the ground between the line and the wall. In turn , each player throws one of his/her coins against the wall, trying to make it bounce as close as possible to the big coin. If one of the small coins doesn’t touch the wall , it will be picked up and laid on the ground far from the others . When all the players have thrown, the owner of the coin nearest to the big one, will win all the others, provided that between his/her coin and the big one , there’s a less than 20 cm distance. If this hasn’t been the case, each player will take his/her coin back. The game will continue in the same way, throwing each time the big coin. Who remains without coins, will be eliminated. After a previously established time, the player who owns more coins, will be the winner of the game.
NATIONAL GAME - LATVIA Game „Knit, children, knit!”
1. All children stand in a circle. 2. Choose a Goat and a Wolf (to rule a game). 3. All go around in a circle, representing the movement of the hand knitting. Song: knit, knit, children, what you knit - knit socks for a wolf! 4. Continue going around in the circle lifting knees high up. Song: wolf’s paws are suffered from cold; wolf’s paws are suffered from cold - walking through swamps and forests. 5. Join hands, raise them up. Song: make, children, high fence; make, children, high fence - let a goat come in a garden! 6. Rise hands up and put down. Song: high, high, not so low; high, high, not so low, that wolf doesn’t catch a goat. 7. Squat down and put hands on the cheek (sleeping). Song: now dogs and domestic animals are sleeping, shepherds themselves are sleeping, too. 8. Clap your hands. Song: now is the time for the wolf to catch the goat in the garden. 9. The Wolf catches the Goat. When the Goat is caught then another Goat and Wolf are choose.
CHILDREN‘S GAME „ THE MOUSE RUNNING IN THE HOUSE“ This game is very active and busy. It requires a lot of attention and fast reaction.
It is a popular game in the evening parties and other entertainments. The movements illustrate the text, which is sung. At the beginning all the players make a big circle. The music consists of two parts. The first part is slow and it consists of 6 bars, time 4/4. The second part is fast and it consists of 4 bars, time 2/4. The melody of four bars is repeated as many times as wanted. 1. A circle (6 bars)
1-6 bar “ Mouse, mouse was running in the house while the cat was sleeping „
All dancers in a circle are turning the circle round in some direction (one step every crotchet). 1 figure
2. Catching the mouse ( 4 bars )
1-4 bar „ The cat is so bad because he can‘t catch the mouse“
The player who is the „cat“ tries to catch the player who is the „ mouse“.
Party”Let’s be friends playing together!”, the 3rd meeting in Lithuania, 2011.
National game
THIS IS A SPORTS GAME. THERE ARE TWO TEAMS AND A BALL…
THIS IS THE ARRAGEMENT OF PLAYERS
ONE PLAYER MUST AIM AT OPPONENTS WITH THE BALL
THEY MUST AVOID TO BE HIT
IF YOU ARE HIT YOU LOSE…
AND MUST LEAVE
THE GAME…
THE WINNING TEAM CANNOT LOSE ALL
PLAYERS
ROMANIAN GAME – SNAILS HUNTING Participants : 20-25 students Age : 10-14 years old Organization : - 5 students outside the circle : the snails’ team - 3 students inside the circle : the hunters’ team - the others students form the circle, holding by the hand. They are the defenders’ team Development –1. The snailsturn round the defenders outside the circle, and the defenders also turn round but in opposite direction. 2. The hunters try to go out of the circle either by loosening the defenders’ hands or by going out under their hands. 3. When the snails feel the danger, they crouch. This moment they cannot be caught by the hunters. When the danger ceases, the snails raise up and take again their way. 4. The defenders must not let themselves be cheated by the hunters and allow them to go out of the circle. 5. The hunter who catches a snail becomes a snail in his turn and the hunter takes his place. 6. The game can go on by changing the parts. 7. Everybody wins by joy, fun and entertainment.
HAVE A GOOD TIME !
GOLDEN GATE Lyrics:
translation in Slovak
Golden Gate open,
Zlatá brána otvorená,
supported by a gold key,
zlatým kľúčom podoprená,
who enters into it,
kto do nej vojde,
apple finds,
jabĺčko nájde,
whether she or he is,
či je ona, či je on,
I will not let him out of the gate.
nepustím ho z brány von.
Rules: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Two children consist the Golden Gate. They agree, what they will be an apple or a pear. They hold their hands and they sing: ,,Golden gate…´´. Others catch by the hands and they create a snake. They go through the Golden Gate. When they say the last world of the song, Golden Gate closes (the last player becomes a prisoner). Then they ask him what he chooses, whether apple or pear. 7. When he chooses the pear (or the apple), he goes behind the player, who is the pear (or the apple). 8. They again agree what they will be the apple or the pear and they start singing: ,,Golden Gate…”. 9. The game ends, when two players remain. They consist a new Golden Gate.
YA SATARIM BAL SATARIM YAĞ In this game, children sit down in a circle facing each other, except one. One person is "it" and walks around the circle carrying a handkerchief.
As “it” walks around, other children sing while clapping hands: Yağ satarım, bal satarım,Ustam öldü, ben satarım. Ustamın kürkü sarıdır.Satsam 15 liradır. Zam-bak Zum-bak bak Dön arkana iyi bak. “It” will eventually drop the handkerchief behind one of the players. The main idea of the game is to drop the handkerchief handkerchief without the other players knowing. The players in the ring must look toward the center at all times, and can’t turn their heads to watch the runner behind them. As soon as the player in the circle discovers that the handkerchief has been dropped behind behi him, he must pick it up and chase “it” around the circle. The goal is to reach the vacant space left by the person chasing.
As soon as this happens, the first player joins the ring, whilst it is now the turn of the second to “Drop the handkerchief.”
NATIONAL DANCE - BULGARIA BULGARIAN FOLK COSTUMES
BULGARIAN FOLK DANCES Horo is a traditional Bulgarian round dance. The most popular type of horo dance is called “Pravo horo” and is performed by a group of people holding each other to form a circle. The movement is two steps forward and one- backward. Horo is played on weddings, local festivals, New Year’s Eve. On 2nd May 2005 the longest horo took place in Alexahder Nevski square in Sofia involving more than 13 000 participants.
POPULAR DANCES - ITALY
TARANTELLA The Neapolitan tarantella is a courtship dance performed by couples whose "rhythms, melodies, gestures and accompanying songs are quite distinct" featuring a fast and cheerful music. Its origins may further lie in "a fifteenth-century fusion between the Spanish fondango and the Moresque 'ballo di sfessartia.'" The "magicreligious" tarantella is a solo dance performed to cure through perspiration the contortions attributed to the bite of a spider at harvest (summer) time. The dance was later applied as a supposed cure for the behavior of neurotic women
SALTARELLO Saltarello was a lively, merry dance first mentioned in Naples during the 13th century. The music survives, but no early instructions for the actual dance are known. It was played in a fast triple meter and is named for its peculiar leaping step, after the italian verb saltare ("to jump").
Pizzica Pizzica is a popular Italian folk dance, originally from the Salento peninsula (Lecce in particular) and later spreading throughout all the Puglia region and eastern Basilicata. It is part of the larger family of tarantella dances.
NATIONAL DANCE - LATVIA Dance “Plaukstiņpolka” Description. First step Music part 1 Bar 1. Each clap own hands two times. Bar 2. Two partners (a pair) clap their right-hand wrists together. Bar 3. Each clap own hands two times. Bar 4. Partners clap 2 times the left-hand wrists. Bar 5. Each clap hands two times. Bar 6. Partners clap right-hand, then left-hand wrists. Bar 7. Each clap own hands two times. Bar 8. Partners clap palms of both hands together. Music part 2 Bar 9 to 16 (2 times). Dancers, in crosswise grip, dance step dance skip the travel direction. Second step Music part 1 Bar 1-8. Repeat First steps bar 1-8 operation. Music part 2 Bar 9 - 16 (2 times). Repeat First step bar 9-16 operation. Once again, repeating the bar 9-16, join both hands and held at shoulder height, dancing Gallop dance track direction.
TRADITIONAL RADITIONAL LITHUANIAN DANCES AND COSTUMES The evolution of Lithuanian dance is closely linked to the country's history of occupation and independence. In the 21st century, Lithuania, as an independent nation, enjoys the celebration of a wide variety of dances including ballet, modern and national folk. Dance is on display in numerous festivals held throughout the country. One style of Lithuanian th The dancers of the 6 form folk dance is called circles (rateliai),, a type of dance in the round. Prior to the 19th century, the dances were performed without musical accompaniment. The traditional costumes of Lithuanian folk dancing are quite colorful, making use of vibrant blues, reds, greens and yellows. Based on ethnographic style, these 19th century peasant costumes are designed to represent various regions of the Lithuanian countryside. The really deep and rich Lithuanian dance heritage formatted the nowadays dancing culture which is characterized by inward The dance group of Naisiai Basic school emotional energy. Typical Lithuanian dance has a music of moderate tempo, symmetric etric jumps of not very large interval. The most famous paired Lithuanian dances are polkas, grinders, dances named “Šokinėkit, “Šokin berniukai“ (Jump, Boys), „Kiškelis“ (The Bunny), „Pjoviau šieną“ šien “ ( Cut the Hay) and so on. The main movements and steps do not differ much from those of neighboring countries, however, Lithuanian folk dance owns a unique character.
Lithuanian dance “Rolenderis” “Rolenderis
Lithuanian dance “Jievaro tiltas”
The Lithuanian Song and Dance Celebration (Dainų šventė) ,which is more than 100 years old, is an undoubtedly significant Lithuanian Li cultural tradition and it is even included into the UNESCO World Heritage list as to be an accredited world-line world line cultural worth. (See more http://www.way2lithuania.com/en/travel http://www.way2lithuania.com/en/travel-lithuania/dance).
Traditional dances Krakowiak is a fast, syncopated Polish dance from the region of Cracow. This dance is known to imitate horses, the steps mimic their movement, for horses were well loved in the Cracow region of Poland for their civilian as well as military use. In terms of its choreography, the krakowiak is set for several couples, among whom the leading male dancer sings and indicates the steps.
Kujawiak is a folk dance from the region of Kujawy in central Poland. The music is fairly slow. The dance usually involves couples walking gracefully on slightly bended knees, with relaxed turns and gently swaying.
Polonaise
is a slow dance in 3/4 time. Its name
is French for "Polish." FrĂŠdĂŠric Chopin's polonaises are generally the best known of all polonaises in classical music.
Slovak Folk Dances Most of the Slovak dances had a vocal accompaniment. Otherwise, the most common musical accompaniment was bagpipes, violin, bass and flute. Slovak folk dances are characterized by temperament and some syntactic freedom. Most dances are danced without holding the partner, in a free position next to him, with hands on the side. The fast turnings, tramples and swirling variegate the charming choreographic construction and has a unique temperament.
In the 20th century classical dance folklore was dying. After the World War II folk dancing became an art scene. Folklore groups were gradually created, which kept folk dances on professional level. There are more than hundred folk groups in Slovakia. They are seeking the authentic representation of customs and traditions of their surroundings. This means that the choreography is built according to the celebrations of the year and includes traditional songs and spoken word to the given holiday. In our town there are two folk groups Haviar for adults and Haviarik for children and in this group pupils from our school dance and sing.
Slovak Folk Costumes Costumes or folk dress clothes identify the people living in villages, who were farming in the past. Costumes served as a protection against climate change.The origin and development of the folk costumes were affected mainly by domestic raw materials, the type of work and employment, social class and nationality, religion and belief, contact with foreign countries and historical fashion of the higher social class. The biological characters, sex (men, women), age (children, youth and adults), the status and belonging to the family (single, married, widows). Material for the manufacture of folk clothing was determined by natural conditions and needs. They were manufacturing the skin and fur, flax, hemp and sheep wool to the textiles.To the oldest part of the male clothing belong the canopy shirt and breeches, cloth trousers and various kinds of three-quarter and long coats of fur, capes and caps. The women clothing from canopy are under dress, shirt, apron, skirt, cap, wool aprons, cloth three-quarter jackets and coats. This also included shoes and coiffure. Costumes indicate differentiation of the regions. Various embroidery decorations, its technology, ornaments, color and composition are typical for these regions. At the end of the 19th century Slovak costumes had about 60 variations.
Turkish dances reflect daily life, and others treat social events and matters of the heart. Every dance has a story. For example, the Kimil dance from Urfa province portrays a kind of pest that harms the crops and the way that villagers attempt to deal with it. Folk dances are performed at weddings, engagement ceremonies, when sending young men off to perform their military service, at national and religious festivals, after victories. People wear daily or special costumes in line with the reasons behind the particular dance. In Turkey folk dance is invariably accompanied by musical instruments, and in some regions folk dances are accompaniment by folk songs.
Singing Y端ksek Y端ksek Tepeler (To High Hills) is a tradition during the "henna-night", the night before wedding.
NATIONAL RECIPE - BULGARIA BANITSA – BAKED CHEESE PASTRY
Banitsa is a traditional Bulgarian pastry made of eggs, flour and cheese. You can taste different variations of banitsa all around the country. It can be eaten for breakfast or as a dessert. On New Year’s Eve there is a tradition to serve banitsa with hidden fortune tickets inside. It is believed that the wishing written on the ticket you find in your piece of banitsa /for example, “health”, “love”. “joy”, “marriage”, “child”, etc./ will show your luck for the coming year.
Ingredients: 10-12 sheets filo pastry 500g white cheese - sirene (Bulgarian white brine cheese) or feta ½ pack butter, melted 3-4 eggs 250 ml soda water and a pinch of salt
How to cook this dish: Oil a deep, medium size oven dish. Cover the bottom with a sheet of filo pastry, sprinkle melted butter and crumbled white cheese, and continue layering filo pastry with butter and cheese. Finish with a layer of filo pastry and butter. In a separate dish, beat the eggs, add salt and soda water. Slowly pour the mixture over the dish with banitsa and let it soak in. Cook in a preheated oven at 180-200°C for about 40 minutes or until the banitsa has risen slightly and has turned a nice brown colour on top. Leave to cool for about 30 minutes and serve.
NATIONAL RECIPE - ITALY
RIBBON-SHAPED PASTA, SPOLETO STYLE The characteristic of this home-made noodles consists in being made without eggs . For 6 people mix together 600 gm of flour and enough water to obtain a solid dough. Roll out a thin sheet of dough and cut it into strips 1 cm large. Leave the noodles to dry for some hours. Lightly fry 2 cloves of garlic in 1 glass of olive oil, as soon as the garlic takes on a gold colour, remove it and add about 1 k ilo of ripe tomatoes, peeled and cut into pieces, abundant basil, salt and pepper. Leave the sauce to cook for about 30 minutes. Boil the noodles in abundant salted water until chewy but not soft (this is one of the s ecrets that can ensure the good result of the dish). Season immediately and serve with grated parmesan cheese.
Truffle croutouns
This is a n ideal hors - d’o euvre for a formal dinner. You need good quality blac k truffles cleaned careful ly with a small brush, washed and then grated fine. In a smal l pan slightly heat 3 o 4 tablespoons of ol ive oil and 1 c love of garlic. Out of the flame add the truffles, mix wel l then put the pan back on a very low flame for just 1 min ute. Take care no t to let the oil fry or else the truffl es will lose their genuine a ro ma. Fin ally add 1 boned and mashed anc hovy and the juice of 1 lemon. Spread this mixture o n lightly toasted slices of bread.
NATIONAL RECIPE - LATVIA
Potatoes with herring and cottage cheese. Recipe of Latvian traditional food Need - potatoes, herring, sour cream, cottage cheese, curdled milk, salt.
Preparation 1) Peel potatoes, rinse, place in a pot with water and boil them. Drain.
2) Mix cottage cheese with sour cream, curdled milk and a little salt.
3) Clean, gut and skin a fish - salted herring, cut it into small pieces.
4) Serve on a plate putting the boiled potatoes, mixture of cottage cheese, sour cream and curdled milk, and pieces of herring. Add cut spring onions.
POTATO OTATO DUMPLINGS - CEPELINAI This is traditional Lithuanian dish. It would be a sin not to try it at least one time if you are in Lithuania. Hostess in Lithuania often entertain their respectable guests with potato dumplings as it is a delicious, specific and cooking experience requiring dish. Variety of sauces and fillings is quite wide – each cook decides differently according to his or her experience and taste. The most popular receipe is potato dumplings with forcemeat. In this way dumplings are very filling and the taste is probably the best of all possible varieties. varieties Ingredients for 5 portions: portions 12 uncooked ( raw )potatoes potatoes 3 boiled and mashed potatoes 500 grams of minced meat (beaf or pork) 2 onions some slices of bacon sour cream to taste black ground peppers to taste salt to taste
• Peel off potatoes, grate them and squeeze dry. Do not pour off the liquid, wait until starch sets in. Then pour off the liquid, put starch and mashed boiled potatoes into grated potatoes. pot Salt and mix well the mash. • Ready the filling. Chop 1 onion and put it into the minced meat.. Add some salt and peppers. Mix well. • Form patties from about 80g potatoes mash, spread them well and put on approximately 1 tablespoon of filling. Double ble over every filled patty, strangulate ribs well and form oblong dumplings. • Put the dumplings into boiling salted water and boil for 20-25 20 25 minutes slightly and carefully stirring. • Take out the dumplings and put them into warm bowl. Serve the dumplings ings with special sauce and sour cream. Sauce • • •
Cut some bacon into small pieces and put it into a hot frying pan on the oven Chop 1 onion and put it into the frying pan, stir time to time When the sauce is ready pour 1-2 1 2 spoons of it onto the dumplings, add sour cream according to your taste. Enjoy your meal!!!!!
Recipe Traditional Polish dish - BIGOS Ingredients for 4 people: -
0,5 kilo white cabbage 0,5 kilo sauerkraut 500 g bacon 500 g sausage 1 big onion 1 tablespoon of sour plum jam or a few dried plums 250 g tomato paste or 1 can of peeled tomatoes salt and pepper a little of pimento 1 or 2 laurel leaves
Additional ingredients: - 2 dried forest mushrooms - a little of red wine Procedure: - chop cabbage and put it into boiling water with salt, pimento, a laurel leaf and cook it for 20 minutes, - cut sauerkraut and also put it into boiling water with pimento and a laurel leaf but not salt and cook it for 40 minutes, - when the cabbage and sauerkraut is soft pour the water out, - in the meantime cut bacon and sausages into little pieces, - fry bacon and sausage in the frying pan, - cut an onion into little pieces and fry it with bacon and sausage, - mix fried bacon, sausage and onion with boiled cabbage and sauerkraut, - put tomato paste and plum jam into the cabbage stew and mix everything. BIGOS is ready. Serve it hot and eat with bread. ENJOY IT!!!
Potato Dumplings with Bryndza (Bryndzové halušky) Ingredients: 5-6 potatoes, bryndza, 4-5 slices of bacon, cream, 10 spoons of flour, 3 teaspoons of salt, a big saucepan of water Prep time: 30 minutes Slovak traditional dish is bryndzové halušky. Halušky are potato dumplings, and they come in many varieties. They can be topped with cabbage, sour cabbage, eggs and curd. But when you mix them with bryndza, a soft crumbly cheese traditionally made by shepherds out of sheep milk, you get this national dish. Of course, to make them right, you will need bryndza. It’s not very easy to find it in other countries.
Start by peeling and shredding potatoes (zemiaky). Drain the liquid and stir in about the amount of potatoes in flour. Add salt. Then use a kitchen knife or fork and a cutting board to toss pieces into a large pot of salted, boiling water or use a special pot with holes. Be sure the water is always boiling.
Let cook for few minutes. The dumplings are ready when we can see them on the top of the water. In the mean time, cut bacon into small squares and fry them to make “škvarky”.
Strain the dumplings. Use a wooden spoon to clear off the goo that clogs up the holes.
Take your bryndza and cream and stir it in.
Top with bacon and few spoonfuls of grease. They also taste great topped with with shredded “oštiepok” cheese.
MANTI This is one of the oldest dishes of Turkish Cuisine. The city of Kayseri is famous for its mant覺.
Ingredients
All-purpose flour Salt Eggs Water Ground meat1 Onions Parsley Salt Black pepper Water Salt Tomato Butter or margarine Red pepper Yogurt Garlic
5 cups 2 teaspoons 2 medium size 1/2 cup 1/4 cups 2 small size 1 /3 bunch 1 teaspoon 1/2 teaspoon 8 cups 1 tablespoon 1 large size 1 /4 cup 1/2 teaspoon 2 2/3 cups 6 cloves
Preparation 1- Flour: Sift flour in a large bowl, reserving 1/3 cup. Add salt; mix well. Make a hole in center. Blend in eggs and water gradually mixing thoroughly. Knead for 7-8 minutes to make a smooth, medium stiff dough. Divide into 3 portions. Shape into balls. Cover with a damp napkin. Let stand for 10 minutes. 2-For filling: Combine ground meat, minced onions and parsley. Season with salt and pepper; mix well. Set aside. Roll first ball out into 1 mm thick circle sprinkling with flour. Cut into 2 1/2 (1 inch) squares. Place 1/2 teaspoon of filling in centre of each square. Bring four corners together sealing and pressing well like a tiny bundle (or fold one corner of square over filling to join opposite corner shaping into triangle. Seal well pressing edges together.) Place on lightly floured baking pan. Repeat same with remaning balls and filling.
3-Cooking: Place water in a large saucepan. Add salt; stir. Bring to boil. Stir in mant覺s, mixing gently and thoroughly. Reduce heat. Simmer uncovered for 15-20 minutes or until tender but firm stirring gently and occasionally. 4-Sauce: Combine minced tomato and melted butter in a saucepan. Simmer for 5 minutes. Stir in red pepper; keep warm. Combine yogurt and minced garlic in a bowl. Serve mant覺 with yogurt and tomato sauce.
BON APPETIT
European Game Meaning of the symbols: - Way ( Start/Finish) - Activity - Question
Rules: 1. Throw the dice. The player with the highest number starts the game. 2. Go ahead longways 3. If you come to a field, solve the following tasks: 1 – Sing a nice song! 2 – Count in English from 1 to 10 3 – Say something nice to your left partner 4 – Say three European capitals 5 – Jump up and down like a frog! 6 – How would you ask for the way to the bus station? 7 – Dance your national dance with your friend 8 – Say days of the week in English 4.I you come to a field, draw the card and answer the question. If you are right – go ahead three steps. If you are wrong or do not know the answer – withdraw three steps. First person who reaches Finish line is THE WINNER!!!
QUESTIONNAIRE
Summary of questionnaire about values Participants of questionnaire Comenius Project participants – Turkey, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Poland and Italy. Students age – 12 to 16, together 514 children.