CONNECT Vol. 6

Persai ngan Usaha

Fi l osof iUU No.5 Tahun 1999

Pengaruh UU dan Cont oh Kasus

Sel ayang Pandang KPPU

Persai ngan Usaha dariKacamat a KPPU

Hal o semuanya!Per sai ngan namunbel um di pahamiol ehs PengembanganKar i erBEM F l ebi hkepadatemantemanm ser tahasi lwawancar akamid sai nganUsaha.Kamiber har ap sumberpengetahuanbar uun Sel amatmembacatemantem

Hal o temanteman!Teri makasi hsudahmel uangkanwaktunyauntu CONNECT merupakan maj al ah yang beri si kan mengenaii sui su huku kerj adariDepartemenPengembanganKari erBEM FH UI2019.Kami , PI C dariCONNECT Vol5di dampi ngiol ehBang RyudanMbakGal uh Kepal aDepartemenPengembanganKari erBEM FHUI2019menyampa maj al ahi niyangbertemakanPersai nganUsaha.Semogamaj al ahi ni berimanf aatkepadatemantemansemua.

Sel amatmembacatemanteman,Enj oy!

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Fi l osof i UUNo.5Tahun1 999 Ol eh:AxelTar i gan&Far i saAzhar a

07

Sel ayangPandang KPPU

ssa eh:AmandaPrasetya&AyskaKari Ol

01 05

Per sai nganUsaha

Ol eh:Di vaH.Ardhi ni&Ni ki taPri sci l a

Pengar uh UUNo.5Tahun1 999 danContohKasus Ol eh:Al yssaSal sabi l a&Vel asi taWi bowo

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Mel i hatPer sai ngan Usahadar iKacamata KPPU Ol eh:NadyaC.Putr i&Yudhi sti r aM.

Da l a m k a mu s Ma n aj e me n ,pe r s a i n ga n Pe nj u a lt e n t u i n gi n me n da pa t k a n a da l a hu s a h ada r idu api h a ka t a ul e bi hk e u n t u n ga n y a n g s e be s a r be s a r n y a pe r u s a h a a ny a n gma s i n gma s i n gbe r gi a t de n ga n moda l s e k e c i l k e c i l n y a , me mpe r ol e h pe s a n a n de n ga ns e da n gk a npe mbe l ii n gi nme n da pa t k a n me n a wa r k a nh a r ga a t a us y a r a ty a n gh a r ga mu r a h de n ga nk u a l i t a sy a n g pa l i n g me n gu n t u n gk a n . Pe r s a i n ga nt i n ggi .

Ol e hk a r e n ai t u , pe r s a i n ga nu s a h a u s a h at i da kl e pa s da r ie k on omii t u me r u pa k a n“ c on di t i os i n equ an on ”y a i t u s e n di r i .

Pe l a k uda l a me k on omi t e r di r i da r is e t i a pa k i ba tme r u pa k a ns e ba by a n g pe nj u a l da npe mbe l i . be r n i l a is a ma ,a t a ume r u pa k a ns y a r a t mu t l a kba git e r s e l e n gga r a n y ae k on omi pa s a r . Ar t i n y a , da l a m du n i au s a h a , pe r s a i n ga n a n t a r pe l a k u u s a h a me r u pa k a nh a ly a n g s e r i n g t e r j a di k a r e n a pe r s a i n ga n me mbe r i k a n k e be ba s a nk e pa dape l a k uu s a h au n t u k me l a k u k a nt i n da k a ny a n g me mbe r i k a n k e u n t u n ga n , s e pe r t i pe mot on ga nh a r ga , i k l a n da n pr omos ipe nj u a l a n ,v a r i a s i de s a i n , k u a l i t a s , k e ma s a n , s e r t a s e gme n t a s i pa s a r .

Me n u r u t Nor mi n S.Pa k pa h a n ,pe r s a i n ga nu s a h a da pa t be r be n t u k pe r s a i n ga ns e h a t( pe r f e c tc ompe t i t i on )da npe r s a i n ga nt i da ks e h a t ( i mpe r f e c t c ompe t i t i on ) . Pe r s a i n ga n s e h a t i t u s e n di r i t e r di r i da r i : 1 .Me nj a mi n pe r s a i n ga n dipa s a ry a n gi n h e r e n de n ga n pe n c a pa i a n e f i s i e n s i e k on omidi s e mu abi da n gk e gi a t a nu s a h ada npe r da ga n ga n .

2 .Me nj a mi n k e s e j a h t e r a a n k on s u me n s e r t a me l i n du n gi k e pe n t i n ga nk on s u me n .

3 .Me mbu k ape l u a n gpa s a ry a n gs e l u a s l u a s n y ada nme nj a gaa ga rt i da k t e r j a di k on s e n t r a s i k e k u a t a n e k on omi pa da k e l ompok t e r t e n t u .

Da l a mr e gu l a s ime n ge n a ipe r s a i n ga nu s a h adiI n don e s i as e n di r it e l a hdi a t u rs e c a r ak h u s u s da l a mUn da n gUn da n gNo. 5T a h u n1 9 9 9t e n t a n gL a r a n ga nPr a k t i kMon opol i da nPe r s a i n ga n Us a h aTi da kSe h a t( “ UUPe r s a i n ga nUs a h a ” )y a n gdi be n t u kde n ga nt u j u a nme n i n gk a t k a n k e s e j a h t e r a a nr a k y a t ,me wu j u dk a ni k l i mu s a h ay a n gk on du s i f ,me n c e ga hpr a k t i kmon opol i a t a upe r s a i n ga nu s a h at i da ks e h a t , s e r t at e r c i pt a n y ae f i s i e n s i da l a mk e gi a t a nu s a h a.

Da l a m Un da n gUn da n gt e r s e bu t ,y a n g di ma k s u d da r ipe r s a i n ga nu s a h at i da ks e h a ta da l a h pe r s a i n ga nu s a h ay a n g di l a k u k a n de n ga nc a r at i da kj u j u ra t a u me l a wa nh u k u ma t a u me n gh a mba tpe r s a i n ga nu s a h a .

Se c a r aga r i sbe s a r ,j e n i spe r s a i n ga nu s a h a y a n gt i da ks e h a tda l a ms u a t upe r e k on omi a n t e r di r i da r i : 1 .Ka r t e l ,y a i t ume mbu a tpe r j a nj i a nde n ga n pe l a k uu s a h a pe s a i n gs e h i n gga da pa t me n gh a l a n gi pe l a k uu s a h al a i nu n t u k me l a k u k a nu s a h ay a n gs a ma ; 2 .Pe r j a nj i a nt e r t u t u p ,y a i t upe r j a nj i a ny a n g me mu a tpe r s y a r a t a n ba h wapi h a ky a n g me n e r i maba r a n ga t a uj a s ah a n y aa k a n me ma s ok a t a ut i da k me ma s ok k e mba l i ba r a n ga t a uj a s at e r s e bu tk e pa dapi h a k a t a ut e mpa tt e r t e n t u ; da n 3 .Me r ge ra t a upe n gga bu n ga nba da nu s a h a y a n g ba r u da pa t di k a t a k a n pe r s a i n ga n u s a h at i da ks e h a ta pa bi l ape n gga bu n ga n ba da n ba da nu s a h at e r s e bu tme r u pa k a n pe r bu a t a n y a n g di l a r a n g da l a m Un da n gUn da n g.

Penu l i s: Di v aH. Ar dhi ni &Ni k i t aPr i s c i l a

Da mpa k da r ipe r s a i n ga nu s a h at i da ks e h a t s e n di r i da pa tdi r a s a k a nol e hk on s u me n .

Mi s a l n y a , k a r t e l da pa t me n gu r a n gi k e s e j a h t e r a a n k on s u me n me l a l u ih a r ga y a n gt i n ggi .Pi l i h a n k on s u me ndipa s a rs e ma k i nt e r ba t a ss e h i n gga h a r gay a n gh a r u sdi ba y a rj u gat i da kk ompe t i t i f .

Ol e hk a r e n ai t u ,UU Pe r s a i n ga nUs a h adi bu a t u n t u k me n ge n da l i k a n pe r i l a k u pe l a k u pe l a k u u s a h a y a n g me r u gi k a n ma s y a r a k a t a t a u k on s u me n .Se j a k UU Pe r s a i n ga n Us a h as e r t a Komi s i Pe n ga wa sPe r s a i n ga nUs a h a( KPPU)l a h i r , s u da h l e bi h da r i3 0 0 pe r k a r a me n ge n a i Pe r s a i n ga n Us a h a be r h a s i l di t a n ga n i .

Se be l u m UU Pe r s a i n ga n Us a h a di be n t u k , pe r s a i n ga nu s a h as e be n a r n y at e l a h di a t u r s e c a r au mu mda l a mPa s a l 3 8 2bi sKUHP .

Ada pu n bu n y i pa s a l t e r s e bu t ;

Ar t i n y a ,pe r bu a t a n be r u pa c u r a n gy a n g di t u j u k k a nu n t u k me mpe r l u a sh a s i l pe r da ga n ga na t a upe r u s a h a a nmi l i ks e n di r ia t a uor a n gl a i nde n ga nc a r ame r u gi k a n k h a l a y a ku mu ma t a uor a n gor a n gt e r t e n t ude n ga nu n s u r me l a wa nh u k u m,da pa t di pi da n ape nj a r apa l i n gl a mas a t ut a h a ne mpa tbu l a na t a upi da n ade n dapa l i n gba n y a k t i gabe l a sr i bul i mar a t u sr u pi a h .De n ga nt e l a hdi a t u r n y ape r s a i n ga nu s a h ada l a m pe r a t u r a npe r u n da n gu n da n ga nu mu m ma u pu nk h u s u sdiI n don e s i a ,ma k abol e h l a h k i t as e ba ga iwa r gan e ga r aI n don e s i abe r h a r a pa k a na da n y ape r s a i n ga nu s a h ay a n g t e r i n t e gr a s i da l a mpe n y u s u n a nk e bi j a k a nda nr e gu l a s i e k on omi y a n ga k a nme mbe r i k a n ma n f a a tt e r h a da p pe r e k on omi a n ,s e pe r t ime mbu a tt i n gk a th a r ga me nj a dil e bi h k ompe t i t i fs e h i n ggabe r pe n ga r u hpos i t i ft e r h a da pu pa y ape n i n gk a t a nk e s e j a h t e r a a n ma s y a r a k a t da nj u ga me n u mbu h k a nk e a di l a n da nk e t e r t i ba n da l a m k e gi a t a n pe r s a i n ga nu s a h a .

Fi l os of iUnda ng-Und At u r a nh u k u mu n t u k pe r s a i n ga nu s a h a s e s u n ggu h n y at e l a hl a maa da ,Mi s a l n y a pa daPa s a l3 8 2KUHP .Ak a nt e t a pida l a m pa s a lt e r s e bu tt i da kme mbe r i k a ns i s t e m pe n ga t u r a n y a n g u t u h t e n t a n g pe r s a i n ga n u s a h a k a r e n a da s a r pe n de k a t a n n y ame ma n gmu r n i da r i a s pe k h u k u m pi da n a s e ma t a . Pe n de k a t a n s i s t e ma t i st e n t a n gh u k u m pe r s a i n ga n u s a h a ba r u di l e t a k k a n ol e h Un da n gUn da n g Nomor 5 T a h u n1 9 9 9 t e n t a n g Pe r s a i n ga n Us a h a .

Un da n gu n da n gy a n g di t e l u r k a n me l a l u i h a ki n i s i a t i f DPRi n i di k l a i mt e l a hme me n u h i s t a n da ri n t e r n a s i on a la n t a r al a i nde n ga n me n gi k u t ipe doma nda r iUn i t e dNa t i on s Con f e r e n c e on T r a de a n d De v e l opme n t ( UNCT AD) .Ol e hk a r e n ai t u , t i da k da pa t di pu n gk i r iba h wa UU Pe r s a i n ga n Us a h a me ma n gme mba was e ma n ga tl i be r a l i s me pe r da ga n ga ndu n i ay a n gme n gge bu ge bu pa s c at e r be n t u k n y aWTOda nbe k e r j a n y a . e k on omi pa s a r .

Pe n u l i s : Ax e l T a r i ga n&F a r i s aAz h a r a T e r be n t u k n y au n da n gu n da n gi n ij u gat i da k l e pa s da r ipe r i s t i wa “ Re v ol u s iMe i ”pa da t a h u n1 9 9 8y a n gt e r j a dik a r e n ak e ga ga l a n pe mba n gu n a ne k on omi y a n gdi k e l ol an e ga r a .

Ke ga ga l a n n e ga r a da l a m me nj a l a n k a n mi s i n y a u n t u k me mbe r ik e s e j a h t e r a a n k e pa dar a k y a tme mbu a tpa s a rdu n i ame l i h a t pot e n s i k on s u me nda l a mn e ge r i y a n gs e k i a n l a ma di pr ot e k s ida n di s u bs i di .Pa da s a a t Or deBa r ur u n t u h ,mu l a i l a hpa s a rt e r bu k a da n me n gu a s a is e l u r u h pe l os ok n e ge r i .

De n ga n ma s u k n y a pe l a k uu s a h a da l a m n e ge r i ,t e r j a di l a h s u a s a n a a t a u i k l i m pe r s a i n ga nt i da ks e h a t .De s a k a nk r i s i s e k on omi y a n g t e r j a di pa da I n don e s i a me nj a dis u a t udi l e may a n gbe s a r ,dima n a s e mu ah a r gau n t u kme me n u h ik e bu t u h a n me n i n gk a t ,ma t au a n g me l e ma h .Kr i s i s mon e t e rI n don e s i ame n c a pa it i t i kt e r a n g k e t i k aI n t e r n a t i on a lMon e t a r yF u n d( I MF ) me mba n t uI n don e s i au n t u kl e pa sda r i k r i s i s de n ga ns y a r a t .a ga rdi bu a t n y a Un da n g– Un da n gPe r s a i n ga nUs a h a .

Da pa tdi s i mpu l k a na t a sbe be r a pada s a rda nu r ge n s i y a n gt e r j a di ma k aUUPe r s a i n ga nUs a h a t e r be n t u ku n t u kme nj a gas t a bi l i t a spe r e k on omi a nda nme n c e ga hu s a h ape r s a i n ga ny a n g t i da ks e h a t , s e r t ada r i u n da n gu n da n gi n i di h a r a pk a nda pa tme nj a di a c u a nh u k u mt e r h a da p pe l a n gga r a nh u k u my a n gt e r j a di da l a mk on t e k spe r s a i n ga nu s a h adi I n don e s i a .

L a h i r n y aUn da n g– Un da n gPe r s a i n ga nUs a h ak e mu di a nj u game l a h i r k a nKomi s iPe n ga wa s Pe r s a i n ga nUs a h a( KPPU)s e ba ga ia ma n a tda r i pa daUn da n g–Un da n gPe r s a i n ga nUs a h a .

Apa bi l a di pa n da n g da l a m s i s t e m k e t a t a n e ga r a a n ,KPPU me r u pa k a nl e mba ga n e ga r a k ompl e me n t e r( s t a t ea u x i l i a r yor ga n ) ,dima n aKPPUme mpu n y a iwe we n a n gbe r da s a r k a n Un da n g– Un da n gPe r s a i n ga nUs a h au n t u kme l a k u k a npe n e ga k a nh u k u m pe r s a i n ga nu s a h a me l a l u ibe be r a pa h a ky a n g di da pa tol e h KPPU s e pe r t iu n t u k me l a k u k a n pe n y e l i di k a n , me l a k u k a npe ma n ggi l a n ,s e r t ame nj a t u h k a ns a n k s ibe r u pat i n da k a na dmi n i s t r a t i fk e pa da pe l a k uu s a h a .

3

nda ngNo .

5Ta hun1999 Se c a r aga r i sbe s a r ,j e n i spe r s a i n ga n u s a h ay a n gt i da ks e h a tt e r ba gik e da l a me mpa th a l , y a i t u : Pe r s a i n ga nu s a h at i da ks e h a ty a n gpe r t a maa da l a h k a r t e l .Ka r t e la da l a hs u a t u pe r j a nj i a nt e r t u l i s ma u pu nt i da kt e r t u l i sa n t a r abe be r a pape l a k uu s a h a y a n g di l a k u k a nu n t u k me n ge n da l i k a n pr odu k s i , s e h i n gga di pe r ol e h h a r ga t i n ggi pa da s a a t pe ma s a r a n .Ka r t e lda pa t me n gu a s a ipe mba gi a n wi l a y a h pe ma s a r a n ma u pu n pe mba t a s a nk u ot a ba r a n ga t a uj a s a ,s e h i n gga da pa t me n gu ba h s t r u k t u rpa s a rme nj a di mon opol i s t i k .

Pe r s a i n ga nu s a h at i da ks e h a ty a n gk e du aa da l a hpe r j a nj i a n t e r t u t u p .Pe r j a nj i a nt e r t u t u pme r u pa k a ns u a t upe r j a nj i a n a n t a r apr odu s e na t a ui mpor t i rde n ga npe da ga n gpe n ge c e r , y a n gma n ape da ga n gpe n ge c e rh a n y adi pe r bol e h k a nu n t u k me nj u a lme r e kba r a n gt e r t e n t u .Ha li n ida pa tme r u gi k a n ma s y a r a k a t da na k a n me n ga r a hk es t r u k t u r pa s a r mon opol i .

1

2

J e n i spe r s a i n ga nu s a h ay a n gk e t i gaa da l a hme r ge r .

Se c a r au mu m,me r ge rda pa tdi de f i n i s i k a ns e ba ga i pe n gga bu n ga ndu aa t a ul e bi hpe l a k uu s a h ame nj a di s a t u pe l a k uu s a h a . Me s k i pu n me r ge ra t a u pe n ga mbi l a l i h a nda pa tme n i n gk a t k a npr odu k t i v i t a s pe l a k uu s a h a ba r u ,n a mu ns u a t u me r ge rda pa t me n c i pt a k a nk on s e n t r a s ik e k u a t a ny a n g da pa t me mpe n ga r u h is t r u k t u r pa s a rs e h i n gga da pa t me n ga r a hk epa s a rmon opol i s t i k .

3

Ke t i gaj e n i spe r s a i n ga nu s a h ay a n gt i da ks e h a tdia t a s da pa tme mba wak e pa daa da n y amon opol i .Se c a r au mu m, mon opol ia da l a hs i t u a s ipa s a rdi ma n ah a n y aa das a t u or a n g pr odu s e na t a u pe nj u a ls u a t u pr odu kt e r t e n t u de n ga nba n y a kpe mbe l i , a k i ba t n y apr odu s e na t a upe nj u a l t e r s e bu tda pa tme n ge n da l i k a nj u ml a hpr odu k s ida nh a r ga pr odu k n y au n t u kme r a i hk e u n t u n ga ns e t i n ggi t i n ggi n y a .

De n ga nde mi k i a n ,mon opol ida pa tme n i mbu l k a nda mpa k n e ga t i fy a n g ma n at e r da pa te k s pl oi t a s iol e hs u a t u pe r u s a h a a ny a n g me n y e ba bk a na da n y ak e t i mpa n ga n da l a mdi s t r i bu s i pe n da pa t a nma s y a r a k a t .

4

Meni nj au Pengar uh UndangUndang Nomor5 Tahun 1999 Dal am Per kembangannyadiI ndones i adanCont ohKas us nya Ol eh: Al y s s aSa l s a bi l a& Vel a s i t aWi bowo Se b e l u ma d a n y aUUPe r s a i n ga nUs a h a , k on d i s i p e r e k on omi a nd i Namun,dal am pr akt i knyahar apant er s eI n d on e s i ad i d omi n a s i ol e hs e ge l i n t i r p e l a k uu s a h ab e s a r ( k on gl om-

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s al ah t er k ai t per s ai ngan us aha yang

mu l a i b i s ama s u ku n t u kb e r s a i n gd i b e r b a ga i b i d a n gu s a h a .

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t i dak s ehat .Hali nidapat ki t aj umpai

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n e n ga h , d a nk e c i l ma s i hb e r b e n t u ks e gi t i gaa t a up i r a mi d ad i ma n a d i p u n c a kp i r a mi d ama s i hd i k u a s a i ol e hs e d i k i tp e l a k uu s a h ab e s a r , d it e n ga hp i r a mi d ab e r i s iol e hp e l a k uu s a h ame n e n ga h ,d a nd i d a s a rp i r a mi d ama s i hb e r ma y or i t a sd i i s i ol e hp e l a k uu s a h ak e c i l .

De n ga nd i b e r l a k u k a n n y aUU Pe r s a i n ga nUs a h a,ma k ap e l a k u u s a h ak e c i ld a p a tb e r t u mb u hme nj a d ip e l a k uu s a h ame n e n ga h d a np e l a k uu s a h ame n e n ga hd a p a tb e r t u mb u hme nj a d ip e l a k u u s a h ab e s a rd a np e r u s a h a a n p e r u s a h a a ny a n gb e r a d ad i I n d on e di manaL eMi ner al emenemuk anpi hakAqua

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dandi s t r i but or nyamel ar angs ej uml aht ok o unt uk menj ualpr oduk L e Mi ner al e .Aqua

mengancam par apedagang yang menj ual L eMi ner al edenganmenur unk ans t at usdan f as i l i t asal i asdegr adas i ,dar is emul as t ar out l et( SO)menj adi whol es el l er( WO) .

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hat ancaman dar ipi hak pr odus en Aqua, yai t uPTTi r t aI n v es t ama,L eMi ner al emel Ha li n id a p a td i t i nj a ud a r is u b s t a n s iu n d a n gu n d a n gt e r s e b u t , apor k an t i ndak an PT Ti r t a I n v es t ama y a i t ud i ma n ap e r u s a h a a nd i b a t a s i d a l a mme mb u a ts u a t up e r j a n - k epadaKomi s i Penga wasPer s ai nganUs aha j i a nd a nme l a k s a n a k a nk e gi a t a nk a r e n at e r d a p a tp e r j a nj i a nd a n ( KPPU) .Ket uaMaj el i sKomi s iKur ni aSya ' r ak e gi a t a ny a n gd i l a r a n g, s e r t as e t i a pp e r u s a h a a ny a n gme l a n gga r ni e mengungk apk an k eduat er l apor ,yai t u k e t e n t u a n k e t e n t u a nt e r k a i ts u b s t a n s iu n d a n gu n d a n gt e r s e - PT Ti r t aI n v es t ama s el aku pr odus en dan b u tma k ad a p a td i k e n a k a ns a n k s iy a n gt e l a hd i t e n t u k a nd a n Bal i naAgungPer k as at er bukt is ecar as ah me mi l i k i

e f e k

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mel akuk anper s ai nganus ahat i daks ehat .

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k i er mat kut or s ual mot ga j pa s a r .Ha li n ida pa tdi t e mu k a n pa da k a s u s penetapan har

aha, nganUs ai s .DenganadanyaUU Per 5cc 2 1 0cc1 k a r t e l PTY a ma h aI n don e s i aMot orMa n u f a c t u r - 1

a ecar ngs ai s umbuhdanber t ahadapatber akuus i n gda nPTAs t r aHon daMot or .I n v e s t i ga t or pel

aphar ebutdi s er undangt u,undangt ni ai KPPUme n e mu k a nk e j a n gga l a nt e r h a da ph a r ga sehat.Sel

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s e pe damot orj e n i ss k u t e rma t i k1 1 0 1 2 5c cpr o

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ngan ai s am UU Per idal s ank Adanyas k. apanbai anhar k mbul ugameni ahaj Us aha ngan Us ai s u,UU Per t ii a dar Mak iper s ondi ongk anyadapatmendor r ki

i t uk e mu di a n di t i n da k l a nj u t ide n ga na da n y a

h ebi adil a menj i ndones an I onomi ek

pe r i n t a hme l a l u is u r a te l e k t r on i ky a n gpa da a k h i r n y at e r da pa t pe n y e s u a i a nh a r ga j u a l pr odu kPTY a ma h aI n don e s i aMot orMa n u f a c t u r i n gme n gi k u t ih a r gaj u a lPTAs t r aHon da Mot or

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