西方搖滾樂與1960年代青年反文化

我們愛過的那個時代？ 西方搖滾樂 & 1960 年代青年反文化 簡妙如 (2013.8.18 綠逗嘉義人讀書會 @ 洪雅書房）

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OUTLINE 1960s 美國民權運動及青年反文化背景  搖滾樂與示威文化的關係  Bob Dylan ：搖滾樂的社會實踐或搖滾 樂意識形態？  非西方國家的搖滾樂與青年反文化 

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1/ Background:1960s 的美國 

民權運動 (1950~70s) ◦ 非裔美國人為自己在美國所受的歧視及不 平等待遇，所發起的非暴力爭取民權 (civil right) 運動 (1950~70s) 。 ◦ 1956—Rosa Parks, 拒乘公車運動 ◦ 1960—” 我們不為黑人服務” ,Greensboro sit-ins

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反越戰＆和平運動 音樂概論

1963 華盛頓遊行 

1963.8.28 美國史上第 一場大規模政治集會

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25 萬人湧向林肯紀念 像，高唱黑人靈歌， 爭取黑人民權。

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金恩博士發表《我有 一個夢想》演說

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遊行後第二天，甘迺 迪總統宣示政府將通 過「民權法案」。 音樂概論

美國民權運動時期國歌 - We Shall Overcome We shall overcome, we shall overcome We shall overcome someday Oh, deep in my heart, I do believe We shall overcome some day

Pete Seeger(1959 年 ) 改編自 1903 年 Charles Tindley 的福音歌曲 I Shall Overcome  主要翻唱者： Joan Baez 

We shall be alright, we shall be alright We shall be alright some day Oh, deep in my heart, I do believe We shall overcome some day We shall live in peace, we shall live in peace We shall live in peace some day Oh, deep in my heart, I do believe We shall overcome some day We are not afraid, we are not afraid We are not afraid today Oh, deep in my heart, I do believe We shall overcome some day We shall overcome, we shall overcome We shall overcome some day Oh, deep in my heart, I do believe We shall overcome some day

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1967 年美國五角大廈和平遊 行

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青年反文化 (counter culture) 的崛起 ◦ 中產階級內部的反抗力量；對「母」文化主流 意識形態的批判及對「科技統治」的背離

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垮世代（ Beat Generation ） * ◦ 「我見到這個時代最優秀的心靈被瘋狂摧毁， 飢餓，赤裸，歇斯底里…」（ Howling and Other Poems, Allen Ginsberg)

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學生運動 ◦ 1968 年巴黎五月學運 + 工運的蔓延 ◦ 美國學生運動

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On The Road by Jack Kerouac, 1957 “ 破爛的門廊，門兒不斷開關，這齣美國悲劇成員 頻頻進出，看看其他人在幹啥。終於，我獨自去 堤岸散步，想坐在泥濘岸邊，好觀密西西比汀； 結果鐡絲網就擋在我的鼻子前。當人們不准親近 他們的河流，得到的什麼？老李大喊：「這就是 官僚！」卡夫卡的小說躺在他的大腿上，油燈在 頭頂燈燃燒，他嗤之以鼻，哼哼。他的破爛房子 吱嘎響。暗夜裡，蒙大拿州的木頭還是順著黑色 河水而下。老子說：「就是官僚，沒別的。還有 工會！特別是工會！」但是，黑色笑聲即將再來 ” ◦ （《在路上》，何穎怡譯，頁 192) 音樂概論

2/ 搖滾樂與示威文化

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Confront the war maker, 70,000 名示威者遊行至美國國會大廈反對越 戰 (Oct.,1967)

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Blowing in the wind 

How many roads must a man walk down Before they call him a man How many seas must a white dove sail Before she sleeps in the sand How many times must the cannon balls fly Before they're forever banned The answer, my friend, is blowing in the wind The answer is blowing in the wind How many years must a mountain exist Before it is washed to the sea How many years can some people exist Before they're allowed to be free How many times can a man turn his head And pretend that he just doesn't see The answer, my friend, is blowing in the wind The answer is blowing in the wind

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一個男人得走過多少路 在他被稱為男子漢之前 一隻白鴿得飛過多少座海洋 才能在沙灘上安睡 加農砲還得發射多少次 才會被永遠禁止 答案啊！朋友，就飄在風裡 答案飄在茫茫的風裡 一座山能存在多久 在它被沖刷入海之前 人們究竟能存活多少年 在他們獲得自由以前 一個人能掉過頭去幾次 假裝他視而不見 答案啊！朋友，飄在風裡 答案就飄在茫茫的風裡

一個人得仰望幾次 才能看得見藍天 一個人得有多少雙耳朵 才能聽見人們的哭泣 還得有多少人死亡 他才能明白已有太多人喪生 答案啊！朋友，飄在風裡 The answer, my friend, is blowing in the wind The answer is blowing in the wind 答案就飄在茫茫的風裡 音樂概論 http://www3u.homeip.net/lyrics/show.php?fname=b04 How many times must a man look up Before he can see the sky How many ears must one man have Before he can hear people cry How many deaths will it take 'Till he knows that too many people have died

Blowing in the wind （ 1963 ，全美排行榜亞軍）

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ReleasedMay 27, 1963 音樂概論

【影片】： 60s 社會意識歌曲

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流行音樂與反抗文化的連結 ◦ 社群感 ◦ 音樂作為傳播媒介  運動的理念、形象與情感，也透過流行音樂作為 媒介而傳播，進而影響了流行音樂的形式與內容 。

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3/Bob Dylon 

60s 民謠搖滾 (folk rock) ◦ 民謠成為青少年反叛對抗的管道，搖滾樂 (rock music) 充滿政治性，告別了初期搖滾 (rock’n’ roll) ◦ 在 1963-64 年間，成為世代的政治良心與 個人自由的代表；抗議歌手。

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The Times They Are a-Changin' (1964)

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Bringing It All Back Home (1965) 音樂概論

North Country Blues( 北國藍調 ) Bob Dylan,1964 

Come gather 'round friends And I'll tell you a tale Of when the red iron pits ran empty But the cardboard filled windows And old men on the benches Tell you now that the whole town is empty.

In the north end of town My own children are grown But I was raised on the other In the wee hours of youth May mother took sick And I was brought up by my brother.

The iron ore poured As the years passed the door The drag lines an' the shovels they was a-humming 'Til one day my brother Failed to come home The same as my father before him.

Well a long winter's wait From the window I watched My friends they couldn't have been kinder And my schooling was cut As I quit in the spring To marry John Thomas, a miner.

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Oh the years passed again And the givin' was good With the lunch bucket filled every season What with three babies born The work was cut down To a half a day's shift with no reason.

Then the shaft was soon shut And more work was cut

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And the fire in the air, it felt frozen 'Til a man come to speak And he said in one week That number eleven was closin'.

They complained in the East They are playing too high They say that your ore ain't worth digging That it's much cheaper down In the South American towns Where the miners work almost for nothing.

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The Times They Are A-changin’ Come gather 'round people Wherever you roam And admit that the waters Around you have grown And accept it that soon You'll be drenched to the bone.

If your time to you Is worth savin' Then you better start swimmin' Or you'll sink like a stone For the times they are a-changin'.

Come writers and critics Who prophesize with your pen And keep your eyes wide The chance won't come again And don't speak too soon For the wheel's still in spin And there's no tellin' who That it's namin'.

For the loser now Will be later to win For the times they are a-changin'.

Come mothers and fathers Throughout the land And don't criticize What you can't understand Your sons and your daughters Are beyond your command Your old road is Rapidly agin'.

Please get out of the new one If you can't lend your hand For the times they are a-changin'.

Written by Bob Dylan 年份 : 1963

The line it is drawn The curse it is cast The slow one now Will later be fast As the present now Will later be past The order is Rapidly fadin'.

And the first one now Will later be last For the times they are a-changin'.

Come senators, congressmen Please heed the call Don't stand in the doorway Don't block up the hall For he that gets hurt Will be he who has stalled There's a battle outside And it is ragin'.

It'll soon shake your windows And rattle your walls For the times they are a-changin'.

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【影片】： Bob Dylan

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偶然與巧合 -1 

搖滾樂革命：

◦ 1965 年 Bob Dylan 展開新民謠搖滾運動，將搖 滾樂、電子樂風帶入民歌之中，對流行樂壇造 成深遠影響。

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搖滾意識形態 (rock ideology)

◦ 民謠搖滾所帶動具有社會意識的音樂，使人們 開始以音樂、歌詞與情感的真誠性與藝術性， 來評斷搖滾樂的進步性。 ◦ 「搖滾音樂」被正式用來指稱具有政治、藝術 意涵的流行音樂，並與「排行榜導向」的商業 流行音樂有所區隔。 音樂概論

Like a Rolling Stone Once upon a time you dressed so fine You threw the bums a dime in your prime, didn't you?

People'd call, say, "Beware doll, you're bound to fall" You thought they were all kiddin' you?

You used to laugh about Everybody that was hangin' out Now you don't talk so loud Now you don't seem so proud About having to be scrounging for your next meal.

How does it feel How does it feel To be without a home Like a complete unknown Like a rolling stone?

You've gone to the finest school all right, Miss Lonely But you know you only used to get juiced in it Nobody has ever taught you how to live out on the street And now you're gonna have to get used to it You said you'd never compromise With the mystery tramp, but now you realize He's not selling any alibis As you stare into the vacuum of his eyes And say do you want to make a deal?

How does it feel How does it feel To be on your own With no direction home A complete unknown Like a rolling stone?

Written by Bob Dylan (1965) 滾石雜誌 500 大單曲 :#1 收錄專輯 :Highway 61 Revisited 滾石雜誌 :" No other pop song has so thoroughly challenged and transformed the commercial laws and artistic conventions of its time."

You never turned around to see the frowns on the jugglers and the clowns When they all did tricks for you You never understood that it ain't no good You shouldn't let other people get your kicks for you You used to ride on the chrome horse with your diplomat Who carried on his shoulder a Siamese cat Ain't it hard when you discover that He really wasn't where it's at After he took from you everything he could steal.

How does it feel How does it feel To be on your own With no direction home Like a complete unknown Like a rolling stone?

Princess on the steeple and all the pretty people They're all drinkin', thinkin' that they got it made Exchanging all precious gifts But you'd better take your diamond ring, you'd better pawn it babe You used to be so amused At Napoleon in rags and the language that he used Go to him now, he calls you, you can't refuse When you got nothing, you got nothing to lose You're invisible now, you got no secrets to conceal.

How does it feel How does it feel To be on your own With no direction home Like a complete unknown Like a rolling stone?

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偶然與巧合 -2 

音樂可以改變世界？時代噪音如何操演 ？ ◦ 「音樂政治」被簡化為「表態政治學」 ◦ 是歌手、英雄還是政客？（張世倫， 2011)

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流行音樂的政治／戰場在哪裡？

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Revolution You say you want a revolution Well you know We all want to change the world You tell me that it's evolution Well you know We all want to change the world But when you talk about destruction Don't you know you can count me out Don't you know it's gonna be alright Alright Alright You say you got a real solution Well you know We'd all love to see the plan You ask me for a contribution Well you know We're doing what we can But when you want money for people with minds that hate All I can tell you is brother you have to wait Don't you know it's gonna be alright Alright Alright

樂團 : The Beatles Written by Lennon/McCartney 收錄專輯 : Single by the Beatles 發行年份 : 1968

You say you'll change the constitution Well you know We all want to change your head You tell me it's the institution Well you know You better free your mind instead But if you go carrying pictures of Chairman Mao You ain't going to make it with anyone anyhow Don't you know know it's gonna be alright Alright Alright 音樂概論

4/ 非西方國家的青年反文化 

「音樂改變社會」的偶然性 ◦ 捷克：「宇宙塑膠人」 (The plastic people of the universe) ＆絲絨革命 (velvet revolution,1989) ◦ 60s 在全球蔓延的反文化意識形態中，音樂 為年輕人提供一個現代化又具文化意義的 工具，讓年輕人建構出與國家所倡導的主 流愛國意識、威權政治有所對立的精神、 生活與運動。 ◦ 蘇聯；墨西哥；日本；台灣；中國… . 音樂概論

目前靈魂人物： Vratislav Brabenec 與 Jiří Kabeš

取自”音速青春” blog

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The Plastic People of the Universe Feb. 26, 2008 @ the wall

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日本全共鬥學運世代領袖

東大－山本義隆 京大－瀧田修 （ from 電影）

日大－秋田明大

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“ 你看過那種雨嗎？” Have You Ever Seen The Rain?

5/ 結語：搖滾樂‧青年‧革命…

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Have You Ever Seen The Rain Creedence Cleanwater Revival (CCR), 1970

Someone told me long ago There's a calm before the storm I know, and its been coming for sometime When its over so they say It'll bring a sunny day I know, shining down like water * I wanna know, have you ever seen the rain I wanna know, have you ever seen the rain Coming down on a sunny day

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Yesterday and days before Sun is cold and rain is hard I know, been that way for all my time Till forever on it goes Fill the circle fast and slow I know, and I cant stop my wonder

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Thank You!! 歡迎討論

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