Ccot Essay Example

As of today, the United States of America is considered the largest global force in the history of the world. From their humble beginnings, America has made a large comeback, from surviving under the British rule, to becoming an independent and successful country that other nations look up to. However, ever since ancient times, even the most powerful empires have always had their problems, which eventually led to their downfall. For instance, various empires that were at the height of their time, including Rome, the Chinese, and the Abbasid, have always fell, and not one has survived to this day. However, what has not been taken into account is that this could happen to the "Empire" of America. Currently, the U.S. has been involved in multiple...show more content...

In the beginning, the citizens of the United States were from submissive origins, but as of today, the nation is filled with self–righteous inhabitants that have affected the way the nation is run in multiple ways. An example of this is that many statistics point to the fact that the U.S. is going through an environmental crisis. To exemplify, an article concerning past environmental issues states that there was a 4.3% change from 1990 in the amount of greenhouse gases admitted into the Earth, specifically from the U.S (UNSD Environmental Indicators). What this piece of evidence is proving is that the amount of greenhouse gases keeps increasing, and at this rate it will eventually be a cause in the downfall of the United States. How this specifically relates to the United States is that it shows how the United States' choices are affecting the Earth. Other countries have been going down in admitting greenhouse gases, including more advanced countries such as the United Kingdom. The effects of all of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are the constant temperature to be heating up, until it becomes almost unbearable and catastrophic. Despite there being many things that people could do to stop

Get more content

In a time past World War II, but not quite reached the Cold War, western leaders saw great growth and potential in eastern countries economies. In early years, this was Soviet Russia. Russia, like many of these eastern countries, was poor at the time but growing at an alarming rate. This was achieved by not consuming resources as much. Although this worked for short–term goals, this fell flat for the future since it did not expand on inputs. Inputs like labor education, labor force, and capital stock. Despite the Soviet empire being terrifying, it was limited. It was predicted by Calvin B. Hoover that the Soviet economy would outgrow the United States economy by the 1970's. Because of the economy's limits, this never occurred. However, no increase in inputs was not the only issue. The fact that the soviets also did not fully industrialize and improve technology to accompany their...show more content...

It found later that Singapore always had the manpower and money, but needed the extra push of education and capital to make better use of said manpower. In 1994, Alwyn Young published a book called, "The Tyranny of Numbers". This book focuses on the productivity growth and factor accumulation of newly industrialized countries in East Asia. In the end though, he undermines the future effect these countries will have on the upcoming globalized economy and politics. Japan was one of the first Asian countries to have a successful economy. Unlike other economies, Japan gew through high input and efficiency growth. It was clear back then that Japan was certain to catch up, or at least come close to the United State's economy. Despite their past growth though, they have since slowed down and reach a plateau of growth. It was predicted that they would surpass the United States by 1998, but instead hit its limits. Japan was unique compared to its neighboring countries like its big brother

Synthesis Essay On Identity

Who I am? Personally, I believe that a person's identity can take only one of two routes. One, a person's identity can change within that person's life. Who I am now, is not necessarily who I was when I was younger. Experience can and will likely modify our identities. Therefore, experience can solidify our personal identification or it can weaken our personal identification. And as such, individuals and their perspectives are always evolving, or at the very least, they should evolve over time. Although there are some identities that evolve throughout one's lifetime; there are some identities that remain consistent. Two, some identities cannot and will not change. So identities are socially and/or politically forces upon you, some identities are genetically assigned to you, and some you choose to keep. No matter the reason or reasons, these identities have been and will be consist within your lifespan. But, how you deal with them is up to you as an individual. Throughout my life, certain identities have remained consist. And these identities have come to shape my perspectives and my needs and wants within American culture. Typically, my social ...show more content...

And the identification of black, and specifically African American, modifies and shapes the experiences of individuals within that minority group. For example, I could solely identify as lower–class, yet my race given me a unique challenge and perspective that can only be experienced and explained by my identification as a lower–class African American. Also, I could solely identify as a woman, yet my race interlaces with my experience as a woman. Therefore, I identify specifically as a black woman. And throughout history, the desires and obstacles have differed between feminist and womanist (black feminist), so if given a choice I am a womanist first and a feminist

Get more content

Changes and Continuities in Trade and Commerce

The theme of Trade and Commerce in Tom Standage's book, An Edible History of Humanity, is described through a sequence of revolution and modification as well as constancy throughout a majority of the text. Three distinct transformations can be traced, as well as two truths that remain unfluctuating in the reading. The changes of trade routes, spices, and political control of trade will be analyzed, along with the continuity of the roles empires play in enterprise and the motivation for trans–oceanic exchange. Although the history of trade in the Old world developed and adjusted greatly, there are three definite areas of the trade era that permuted the functions of this vast industry. The first...show more content...

The first was that the roles of two specific empires played in the history of the boundless exchange remained the same. In the west, control over trade was passed around between various nations over time; from the Romans to the Arabs, and then to the Dutch and Portuguese. These western countries were at the receiving end of these spices and imports, but one region that remained in a permanent place in trade was India. It was India that started the legend of the sailor who "turned to the court" to tell of the riches of his country, and became a guide for the first expedition from Rome (Page 68). China was discovered soon afterwards, and the west began to take a great diversity of imports from India and China. India and China were the providers of the spices, so they prevailed as the sole constants of trade. Standage implies that every motivation for a trade route discussed in his book is a route meant to reach the Chinese and Indians for their spices. The push to expand trade with India and China also serves as a motivation for the last continuity: the transoceanic crossing. While some trade occurred on land, such as the Silk road, the preponderance of movement was in the Indian Ocean. In fact, the "Periplus of the Erythraean Sea" was a book written to explain and describe the trade through the ocean and the "hub of global communities" it

Get more content

Pooja Patel 5/3/15

AP World HistoryCCOT Essay

From 1914 to the present, one of the most powerful trends of the postwar era was the importance of the developing world and their desire for independence. Nationalism was an important factor in the growing independence movements in Sub– Saharan Africa. Regardless of political changes, social conflict and tensions remained a problem. Tensions between Europeans and Africans, which had been a problem since the Europeans' arrival and social unrest in communities didn't change. By 1914, almost all of Africa had been carved up by European powers and became a prized colony because of cash crops and mines. After World War II, African nations began to assert their independence. Although...show more content...

Most borders were drawn by the European colonizers for their own benefit and convenience, leaving behind the varieties of ethnicities, languages, cultural practices and religions in each country. This made it more difficult for a single state to govern its people fairly. In Rwanda, there was ethnic strife, genocide and human rights violations from conflicts between two groups the Tutsi and the Rwanda. The Tutsi were 15 percent of the population and governed the Hutu, who were 85 percent of the population during German and Belgium colonial occupation. Belgian rule in particular exacerbated interethnic tensions, setting the stage for bloodshed for as soon as colonial authorities left. After Rwanda gained independence in 1962, the Hutu revolted against the Tutsi, leaving thousands dead and the two groups locked in conflict. It led to the 100 day genocide, resulting in the death of about 1 million Tutsis in 1994. The following year, 2 million Hutu refugees were sent to neighboring nations like Zaire, where many died from disease. In South Africa, there were many racial conflicts and segregation. The Union of South Africa was formed in 1910 from former British colonies, but the majority black population was granted no rights. Instead, there were restrictive laws enforced with the goal of controlling the black population and maintaining the separate societies of black and white people. This system was known as apartheid, and it was established in 1948. The whites were given the cities, the resource rich mines and the best farmland. Blacks were forced to move to homelands, or stay in the cities in segregated black slums. Under the leadership of the African National Congress, an organized resistance force was formed. In response, the government combated

Continuity & Change Over Time (CCOT) Essay Europe 600–1750Taylor

Question: analyze the social and economic continuities and changes that occurred in Europe between 600 and 1750.

During the time period between 600 and 1750, economic and social continuities and changes impacted WesternEurope immensely. One particular economic alteration was the decline of feudal manoralism, prevalent in the early medieval era, as a result of the restoration of commerce following the Crusades. Another major change was the socioeconomic impact of the Age of Exploration circa 1500, which would establish European Hegemony. While economic transforma–tions occurred throughout Western Europe, the influence of the Roman Catholic Church was ...show more content...

As trade once again began to flourish, Europe saw the decline of manoralism. This was due to the rise in the merchant class which challenged the power of the Aristocracy, thereby weakening their influence. Increased business in port cities caused urbanization in several areas in addition to an emerging middle class. Burgeoning trade and economic prosperity allowed for the resurgence of Greco–Roman intelligence and culture in what is known as the Renaissance, which spanned from the fourteenth to the seventeenth century. In the midst of the Renaissance, world trade was prosperous and vast. Nations established personal control through the commercial contacts that they established. In an effort to shorten certain trading routes and obtain a more surmountable amount of natural resources, many nations entered the Age of Exploration circa 1500. Christopher Columbus, in an effort to discover a more efficient route from Western Europe to India, accidently unearthed the Americas in 1492. His discovery led many other European nations to pursue imperialistic endeavors in what had become known as the New World. Two Spanish conquistadors, Cortez and Pizarro, made a profound impact on the areas they conquered in the New World. In Mexico, the native Aztecs were overpowered by Cortez' forces. A majority fell ill from susceptibility to European diseases, while the rest were placed into coercive labor systems. Similar fates were bestowed upon the Incas subjected to Get more

From the 1800's to present day, the Middle East has undergone many changes and continuities causing formation of their national identity, main factors that contributed were social aspects on society, government structure, and the strong religious roots they possess. The majority of changes occurred through the society aspects with the treatment of women and the discovery of oil. In Middle Eastern history women have had limited rights and have always been unequal to men. Women have always remained very conservative; being sheltered from other men not being able to go in public being covered from head to toe. The discovery of oil has also created many opportunities for the Middle East giving them a national identity and increasing economy....show more content...

Faithful Islamics today still strive to complete the five pillars; Believe that Allah is the one and only God, pray five times a day, give alms, and fast at Ramadan, and make a pilgrimage to mecca. Since The Middle East continues to have a strong religious background ever since Muhammad's teachings. In the Middle East, each country has it's own form of government. These forms of governments have been consistently changing throughout time. Throughout all the revolutions and overthrows, the national identity of the Middle East has slowly changed, some parts more than others. Over many years, overthrows in countries such as Egypt and Libya have led to a more democratic government. However, many other countries such as Iran and Iraq have remained more oppressive. The Middle East is still changing to this day. For example, Egypt recently overthrew their president Hosni Mubarak. There are also many protests currently going on in Libya. Throughout Middle Eastern, beginning in the 1800's many changes and continuities have occurred and shaped what there national identity is in present day. Religion and literature have remained a continuous factor throughout this time period; where as a very successful oil discovery and currently changing government help shape the Middle Eastern national identity

Get more content

Process tracing can be defined as the systematic examination of diagnostic evidence selected and analyzed in light of research questions and hypotheses posed by the investigator (Collier, 2011, 823). The hallmark of process tracing is that multiple types of evidence are employed for the verification of a single inference, bits and pieces of evidence that embody different units of analysis (Gerring 2009, 173). I chose this method because of its emphasis on causality which is very appropriate and suitable to answer my research question. By prioritizing fine–grained research the method allows the researcher to generate and assess critical data, thus enhancing efforts at both theory testing and theory development (Tansey 2007, 771). According to

Get more content

UNIT 1 /2 – 8000 bce – 600 bce, 600 bce – 600 ce

Africa

Compare and contrast life in foraging societies with life in agricultural societies after the Agricultural Revolution

Identify two key changes in early African history that resulted in a new period in the history of the region

The Middle East

Analyze the political changes in the Middle East from the Agricultural Revolution to 600 c.e.

Compare and contrast the basic features of TWO of the following religious systems prior to 600 c.e. Polytheism Judaism Christianity

Asia

Compare the origins and tenets of TWO fo the following religious and philosophical systems. Buddhism Confucianism Hinduism Daoism

Analyze how gender roles in India and China changed from 8000 b.c. – 600...show more content...

Describe changes and continuities in the political structure of the Middle East from 1400 to 1750.

Asia

Describe continuities and changes in the social, political, and economic role that Confucianism played in both the Ming and Qing Empires from 1450 to 1750.

Compare and contrast the methods used to consolidate political authority in two empires (Tokugawa Shogunate, Qing Empire, Mughal Empire) during 1450 to 1750.

Europe

Europeans' changing world–view had enormous impact following the Middle Ages. Evaluate cultural and intellectual changes and continuities in Europe during this period.

Europe underwent significant economic changes between 1450 and 1750. By 1650, the effects of those changes were becoming apparent. Discuss important similarities and differences between sea–based western European empires and Russia in this period.

Americas

European colonization had a significant impact on the systems of government if the New World. Discuss changes and continutities in the political system of one area (North America, Mesoamerica, the Caribbean, or South America) during 1450 to 1750.

Compare and contrast the economic system of the American colonies of two European powers (England, France, Portugal, or Spain) between 1450 and 1750.

UNIT 4 (1450 – 1750 – mixture of essays)

**Describe and explain the continuities and changes in religious beliefs and practices in ONE of the following regions from 1450 to the

AP WORLD HISTORY

Modified Essay Questions for Exam Practice

This document provides modifications of the AP World History Comparative and Continuity and Change–Over–Time (CCOT) essay questions from the 2002 to the 2010 operational exams. The modified questions provide examples of essay questions that align more closely with the Curriculum Framework for the revised course as of the 2011–12 academic year. The accompanying rationale for each question explains the revisions.

Mission Statement

The College Board's mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. We are a not–for–profit membership organization committed to excellence and equity in education.

About the College Board

The College Board is a...show more content...

Revised Question

Compare the effects of racial ideologies on North American societies with those on Latin American/Carribean societies during the period from 1500 to 1830.

Rationale for Revision: The fundamental comparison in this question is the same in both versions, though in the revised question students are asked to compare only the effects of the ideologies. It is, as a result, a bit narrower in focus than the original. Teachers will need to make the connections between the ideologies and their effects explicit because they are in different sections of the Curriculum Framework.

Revised Question's Alignment with the Curriculum Framework

Key Concept 4.2.II.D; 5.2.III; 5.3.III.C Theme Theme 2: Development and Interaction of Cultures Theme 4: Creation, Expansion and Interaction of Economic Systems Theme 5: Development and Transfer of Social Structures Skills for Basic Core Points Argumentation; Comparison; Causation; Synthesis 4

© 2011 The College Board

Modified AP World History Essay Questions

2008 Continuity and Change–Over–Time Essay Question

Analyze the changes and continuities in commerce in the Indian Ocean region from 650 C.E. to 1750 C.E.

Revised Question

Analyze continuities and changes in the commercial life of the Indian Ocean region from 650 C.E. to 1750 C.E.

Rationale for Revision: The revised question is slightly broader than the

he motive behind student transfer is to continue to pursue their goals in higher education. This population of students more often than none attend multiple institutions, with some moving one direction, such as transferring from a two–year to a four–year institution, and others moving between institutions of the same type: two year to two year or four year to a four year. The academic and social motivations underlying transfer student experiences have been articulated in a variety of studies. A 2005 U.S. Department of Education study reported that two–to–four transfer students took about 5.4 years on average to earn a bachelor's degree, four–to–four transfers took an average of 5.1 years, while students who did not transfer took an average of 4.4 years to finish (Enzi, Boehner, &...show more content...

For many students who are undecided in a major or have financial constraints, community college seems to be the perfect opportunity to explore different majors at a much lower cost than a four–year university. However, transfer students face unique challenges that have major implications with their academic and social integration to institutions. Therefore, it is important for community college professionals and university professionals understand the key roles they play in the process. So they can implement strategies to alleviate the challenges, for example, faculty from both institutions can begin by holding meetings to discuss curriculum. Additionally, ensuring that community colleges are up to date with the most accurate and relevant information about unit transfers to avoid any misleading information that can result in prolonging the student's graduation. It is also vital for faculty at four–year institutions to create a faster process for community college units to become evaluated to ease the anxiety of Get more content

This commentary will focus on the impact of the Dred Scott decision in America. Dred Scott was born a slave in Virginia to the family of Peter Blow originally. The family moved to St. Louis and sold Scott to Dr. John Emerson, a military surgeon stationed at Jefferson Barracks. Scott traveled with Dr. Emerson to different areas such as Illinois and Wisconsin territories, where slavery was prohibited. This is because of the Missouri Compromise, this compromise was created to end expansion of slavery and permitted Missouri to entered as a slave state and Illinois was entered as a free state. Because Scott had traveled to free territory, he felt that he was a free man and sued to be free. The first case is against Emerson's wife and is...show more content...

It was evident that Buchanan knew what the outcome of the high decision would be as you read the inaugural address given below: A difference of opinion has arisen in regard to the point of time when the people of a Territory shall decide this question (of slavery) for themselves.

This is, happily, a matter of but little practical importance. Besides, it is a judicial question, which legitimately belongs to theSupreme Court of the United states, before whom it is now pending, and will, it is understood, be speedily and finally settled. To their decision, in common with all good citizens, I shall cheerfully submit, whatever this may be.

The Supreme Court ruled on this matter and it was in favor of Sanford, the court ordered that Scott was not a free man and that he was to remain as a slave. The court swayed away from the issue of Scott's travels to areas in which slavery was prohibited and focus on whether he was a citizen of the U.S. They found that because he was imported in the country, by way of his ancestors, he didn't have the same rights and privileges stated in the Constitution. The Constitution couldn't deprive citizens of their right to property and that included slaves. The Missouri Compromise was the reasoning behind the suit for Scott, was ruled unconstitutional by the high court. The court affirmed the decision of the lower court. Whether consciously, unconsciously, or Get more content

The Ottoman had several scenes of decline and each one had marked their history and are linked with it so I will explain each one. The armistice of 1918 ended the fighting between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies but didnВґt bring stability or peace to the region. The British controlled Syria, Palestine and Mesopotamia. Stability was badly needed. The Young Turk government led by Enver Pasha had collapsed while he was leading up the armistice. Across what was left of the empire civil structure, already badly strained by years of war, began to disintegrate. Law and order broke down completely in many places. Simmering ethnic and religious tensions erupted into violence a large numbers of deserters turned to vagabonds. Religion was very important in the Ottoman Empire, and it had a great influence on various activities done in the empire. Economy and Education were two of the many things that religion had influence on and impacted. Religion also changed the social classes and their order. Architecture was completely changed due to the Muslim architects and the way they put it together....show more content... Economy was greatly influenced by religion in the Ottoman Empire. The Millet System was created. In this system, non–Muslim people were considered subjects of the empire but werenВґt subjects to the Muslim faith or law. Social classes were based on the religion. The Ottoman Empire was considered an Islamic empire because its founder was a Muslim. Unlike any other state or empire, classes were taken by religion. Muslim millets were the highest class society and were treated equally as the other millets but other religions had to pay more

Ancient Greeks and Romans accessed the Oriental world through the use of weather patterns, ships, and also caravans through the plateau that stretched between the empires. In the summer months it was discovered that monsoons could help the Greeks/Romans get to India. The winds caused by these massive storms also propelled the Romans to master their ship building techniques. The use of winds in August and later was not as prominent due to the fact that they were not near as powerful as the earlier storms. Shipbuilding was a trade that was perfected by the Romans and has since been used and has benefited the people of both the Western world and the Eastern world. An example of their superiority is evident in the numerous ports along the coast of India. At the time there were forty to fifty Roman ports where...show more content... There are two trade goods that stick out and are well known and those are silk and spices; however many do not know of the other goods that were traded between the two peoples. Ginger and pepper were the main two spices that were transported; pepper was the more popular of the two. Silk came from China and was crafted and decorated by the people of India and then to Rome where it was treasured. Another textile that took Rome by storm was an indigenous plant to India–cotton; this plant was refined, dyed by merchants, then sold to the Western world. While there are two wildly popular traded good, textiles and spices, there are also rather unknown goods. Gems were harvested in India and sold to the Western world along with peacocks. These two goods were both rare and extremely expensive. These two items were a sign of aristocracy and wealth. The last thing is not an object, but instead it is an idea. Knowledge about another culture as well as the record of weather patterns and how they affected international travel is something that had an enormous impact on the

Get more content

Both Han China and Imperial Rome lasted approximately 400 years and spent many of those years expanding their empire through many similar and different methods of political control. For example a similarity between the two empires was that they both were patriarchal and saved political roles for men. A difference between the two empires was that both of their governments were structured differently, HanChina's structure was based on Confucianism values, as Rome emphasized a legal system. Both Han China and Imperial Rome had strong political control which led to their growth two of the greatest empires in the Classical Age. They grew at their own pace, but they shared similar methods of political control. A similarity between the two empires Get

The amount of tablets did effect the temperature of the water. Our findings made our hypothesis incorrect. The temperature of the water did increase as the number of the tablets increased also. In this experiment, the finding were quite surprising, simply because I thought that the temperature of the water will decrease as the amount of the number of tablets increased. In the real world I feel like this information would be beneficial, because it shows the reaction of an acid plus a base mixed with water.

Get more content

CCOT Eurasia developed an integrated network of economic activity by the year 1200 C.E.. Between 1000 BCE and 1200 CE, it expanded greatly. The principle relied heavily on changes in trade networks, governmental alliances, religion and the continuity of warfare and social hierarchies. Trade networks are crucial to any economic scenario. They allow for the free flow of goods and services to be carried out over wide expanses of land and both within and throughout cultures. Examples of this are most notable for Marco Polo and his expedition across the Silk Road. The expansion of this throughout Eurasia stimulated wealth and cultural richness/diversity in all areas it contacted. Why else would artifacts form one culture be found hundreds of...show more content...

The ephemeral beauty of these alliances cannot be permanent. Even in today's time networks shift. A glaring example of this is how we may lift the embargo with Cuba. The last major change over time is that of religion. The rise and fall of religions fascinates scholars. The introduction of all major religions created newfound economic activities. Eurasia was shocked with the emerging religions that quickly proliferated throughout the world. With large groups of people sharing a single belief, economic opportunities emerged to accommodate their needs. A perfect example is the hub of Mecca as a trading city becoming a pilgrimage site. Not only did the economy prosper, but also so did religion and the culture itself. These plagued Eurasia. They affect economic activates by altering markets needs and wants. They also specialize labor and further wealth gaps. Sadly, these things still exist in the present age. For example, the caste system in India! Also, in the United States, the wealth gap is still evident from the financial recession of 2008 and social movements like Occupy Wall Street. Continuities are hard to trace. However, in this period, the warring states of the period and social hierarchies remained pretty much identical. The warfare, usually enacted by governments, was always to increase trade routes. This, in turn, led to a hindrance of economic growth with the increased competition for markets. By fighting, people achieved the Get more content

CCOT on Me

Over the last 10 years between when I was 5 and 15, I still discover myself getting educated in Las Vegas, but now wearing glasses with a different height.

Ever since I was 5 years old, I proceed to school everyday in Las Vegas to receive my education, and I am still at the age of 15. From my understanding about school in Las Vegas, most kids start pre–school around the age of three or four. However, I started school at the age of 5, because I happened to in China at that time attending pre–school there. When I returned to United States of America from China, my parents have already enrolled me to Will Beckley Elementary School. My parents are like everyone else's' parent, they all want us to learn and be successful in life, so

Get more content

Continuity and Change over Time Essay Sports are necessary in a person's life to keep everyone in shape while having fun and just how it is an essential in the human life, it is for me in my life. I have always been involved in at least one sport since I was little. I don't have a favorite sport by cause of me always changing it around every year, but there were two of them that I managed to stay longer and really enjoyed–gymnastics and long distance. I started with gymnastics and then I changed to long distance in a short amount of time. When I was about 13 years old I started doing gymnastics in Mexicali. I began as level one and then got promoted to level 4 in less than a year. I participated in numberless

Get more content

April 24, 2013 Period 3

Changes and Continuity over Time There are plenty of changes yet some no changes in the trade works between Africa and Eurasia from 300CE–1450CE. The motives for creating trade relations was to get the necessary goods to live on as well as becoming richer despite of living in different regions. However the goods that were traded changed like gold, salt, indigo, and Persian rugs. As well as the trading of ideas that changed technology and religion. Trade between Africa and Eurasia remained constant during 300CE. Egypt would rise in power becoming an empire in Africa while Eurasia was a combination of...show more content...

There would be many goods and raw materials going back and forth like silk from China, indigo from India, and textile from Europe. In Africa, there was a birth of Islam in 600CE and it was spread throughout the Middle East due to the trading between nations in East Africa. Also due to the trading between East Africa and EastAsia, the Islamic culture was able to spread to India through the Indian Ocean trade. Due to the Silk Road, when the Mongols took over most of China, the Black Plague in the 1300s was able to spread starting from China to Britain killing thousands of people. The Black Plague was a positive effect for China because the Mongols would throw dead infected bodies when it was at war with their enemies. Since the Black Plague can be transmitted by land, Africa wasn't really affected by it so it was in the safe zone due to its area being near the coasts. The major change in Africa due to trading was the spreading of Islam culture that influenced the way people live which gave birth to a group of people called Muslims. The effects of the trade networks was able to let people know that there's more to the world than what they can see, hear, and learn from. There was cultural diffusion like Islam starting from East Africa spreading towards the Middle East and India. However, this was all caused by the need of having resources and raw goods like gold and salt as well as the development of