Templepatrick historical

;

!

TEMPLE

ATRICK

-A HIST RICAL &

GEO�RAPHI£AL

S

RVEY

BY R.J.

/

CAM RON

(1)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I should like to express my sincere thanks to the many people, without who s e help this thesis could neyor have been w7itten- local farmers, local clergy,

industrial managers and workers,

the

and many others.

In particular I shoul

like to thank ltl1r. W. Morrisont of

Hydepark, md Mr. C. Millar, of Islandbawn,

whose

v st funds of

local knowl 'dg� enabl�d me to understand the history of the are& much betterQ and Messrs. J. MacAf Ilislap West, Newtovmstewart, help.

�,

Carn

�ee,

and,R. Pinkerton,

Co. 'ryrone, for their. inv luabl�

Ac l{n QVJ If.., ut; e nle n ts •

•

•

• •

• • •

•

•

•

•

• •

•

•

•

•

VILIAGES Ol�1 Tl�I,1PIE PA rrHICK, PAHKGA TE

The villaGe

'l'he

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

• •• •

•

•

• • • •

• •

ROUG nIl ORfJ.' &. HYDE PARK •

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

• •

• •

•

1

5

•

of Templepatrick •• • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • •• •• • • 8 .

villaces

Dependance

• • •

of Parkgate, Roughfort and Hydepark• • • • • • • •• • • • • • •• 11

of other villaGes

CompariGon of

the

Social amenities

A brief outline

Templepatrick• • •• •

on

four villages • •• ••• •

••• • • •• ••• • • • • • • • • • • • •• •••

and services • • • •• • • •• • ••

of farming in the

• • • • •• • • • • • •••

area •

11

12 13

• • • • • • • • •• • • • • ••• • • ••••

• • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • •• • •• •• •

15

,/

Physical bac�Ground

of

the

area ••

• • •• • • • • • •• •• • • •• • •• • • • • •• •• • •

Ou ts,tending topographical fea t ur e s •• • • • • •• •• •• • •

SECTION

2. A 3U .IMARY OP PHE GEOLCGY OF THE

o u t lin e

Cbalk,

•

Basalt,

of the geology of the

'I�D.chyte

columnar

22

• ••••

23

iliron Ore ..............

23

surf8.ce deposi ts and fossils ••• • • •

• •

• • •

OF

TFill AREA.........

•

•

•

•

• •

• • • • • • • • •• • • • • .

e

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

� ••

.

• • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • ••••

•

•

•

•• • • • • • •

SEC'l'IOr 3. HISTORICAL DEVELOp1\�'mNT AND ITS EFFECT ON

PE OPIE

•

•

•

•

•

•

ReI i 'i 0 n and id e as. • •

•

• • •• • •

• •

• • • • • • • •••

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

• • •

• • •••• • • • • •

• • • • •• • • • • •

• ••

• •• •••

••• •

••

•

A short account of Presbyterianism in Templepatrick •• • • • • • •• • •

The

Church of

Irola:nd in 'l'emplepatrick ••• • • • •••

241

THE

r"

'arly Settlement • • • • • • • • •

18

• • • •-

ar8a • • • •••• ••

Pisoli thlc

and

18

TEJI;�PLEPATRICK

DISTRIc'r :tIROI'll THE SIT-MIlE RIVER TO LYIES HILL • •

An

•• • • • • • • • •• • • ••

•

• •• • •• •• • • ••• ••

The deve lopmen t of Ca s tIc Upton...............................

29 30 36 37 37 40

-

The

(3)

Period

of unrest- 1750 to 1797 • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

The Societ'J

of

Templepatrick'c

Opinions

begin

4. A

V�EICL hAVE

to change

TAl";'

43

• •. •

44

• • • • •• •• • • • • • • • • •••••

of Antrim• • •• • •

other way ••• • • • • • •

the

PLA CB

Battle

• • .

48

• • • • • • •• •• • • ••

50

• •• • • •• • •• •• • ••• • • • ••• • • •••• • •••••••••••

SURVZY OF TIlli

Former industries The

the

part in

The pendu1u� swings

SECTION

Ir:ishmen •••• • • •• • • • • •

tintted

• • • • . • • • .

IN

51

•• • • • • ••• • •• •• • • • • • • ••

INDUSTRIAL AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENTS TB IS AREA........

•

•

•

•

•

• • • •

• • • •• • • •

•

52

• ••

connected with lin e n •• • • •• • • •• • • ••• • • • • • •• • •• •

B leaching Process • • • •• • • • • • • • •

• • • • •• • • • • • • •• • • • • •• • • •• • • • • •

53 ·

53

The 0 Id Lime l\"ilns

in Templepa tri ck . vi llage•• • •••••• • • •••• ••••••

54

Bauxite

yles

56

minine at

Hill • • • • • •• • • •••

• • • • • • •• • • • • • •• • •• •• • •• •

..-

Jiscellaneous Induutries •• •• •••••••••••• • • • • • ••• • • The

established industries •••• ••• • • • • • •• • • • • •

The

rv�ushroom farm at

Iiallusk

uarries

Cement 1Yorks

Pre-Mix

Mf�c.e11aneous

•

• • • •• • • • •• • • • ••••

Carnanee........................ ...........

yde parI

Fairs

•

• ••• • •

and

SECTION

•

66

•

• • • • • • • • • • • • •• • •

and .. scourc es

• •

5.

Customs and

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • •

•

• •• • •• • ••••

• • • • • ••

•

• • • •• • •

• • • • ••

.t' • •

'.

66

69 69

73

�"':

events·········································�'73

TRADITIONS,

CUSTO-�'IS,

'fO TI-ffi AREA... • •

• .•

of employment •• ••••••• • •

• • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • •

other

59

a:b Hydepark••••• •••• • • • • ••• • • • • • • • • ••••••••

•• • •

Social Deve lopmen t-Transpor t. • •••• •• • • • •••• • •••• • •.• •.

Hous ing

59

62

..

industries

Roadsoo • • •• • •• • • • •

56

• • • • • •• •

near

J

•

• • • • •• • •••• • • •

•

•

•

•

•

•

trad .tions

•

•

•

• • • •• • • •

• • ••

o

STORmS AND

• • •

. . . .0.

•

..

POEMS

• •• • • • •• • •

. . . . ·

PECULIAR

• • •• • • • • •

. · . ·· .····· · ·

•

· ·

• • •• • •

· ·· ·

·

··

76 77

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••• • • • • • • • •

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tu:::: c e 11 an eous

Appendix

78

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93

(5 )

A GENERAL DESCRIPTION

OF THE DISTRICT AROUND THE VILLAGES OF TEMPLEPATRICK

PARKGATE, ROUGHFORT AND HYDEPARK.

/

-�.

Accor ing to Stephensonts book,

"The Hi s to ry of Templepat:ricku, the

district I am studying was a part of Del Rhiada,

which covered Carbry Rhiada,

a

a great section of land

great part of Counties Antrim and Do�n. It took its a great chief

and warrior in these parts.

is evidence of early settlement in the

area.

name from

Certainly, there

long before the Scottish

Plantation had its far reaching effect in the district.

The area has always been a faitly prosperous one so far as farming is concerned and there h·s always been some industries in the area to provide

additional employment.

o·

Tlle boundary of this area would be the tovmland of Moyadam in the �

north, the Ballyheartfield Burn and the Antrim-Belfast road in the north east, Lyles Hill and Lyles Hill Road in the south west and Ballybentragh in the

north west corner.

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Q_4fUU DIVIS

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An old map of

the dis triGt

sno','{ing tne old parish and

diocesan

boundaries.

Above:

The celtic

kingdom of

Dal

Rhiadao

0'\

'-"

(8) The district about wh ic h I am attempting to write on from mainly the Geological, Hi s torical and Industrial a s pec ts ,

nor th west of Belfast,

is approximately 11 miles

5 miles east of Antrim and 5 miles south west of

Ba.llyclareo

�am

It takes in the townlands of Mo

(near Parkgate),

Ballybentragh,

Ballymartin, Templepatrick and Cloughanduff (around the

Ballycushan,

village of Templepatrick), Carnanee,

Craigarogan,

Toberagnee,

Ballynabarnish,and

Kilgreel( around the sl opes of Lyles Hill and containing the villages of Roughfort and HJdepark�.

-./

and encloses approximately 11 square miles.

The Six-Mile river in the n orth west corner flows a c ros s an imp ort ant part of the district before reaohing Lough Neagh, near Antrim town.

It

is by far the most important river in the area and is fed by its tributary, the

Ballymartin, which joins it

just west

of the Templepatrick-Parkga:be

Road helping to form a very fertile flood plain. The Ba l l ym artin itself

receives 8. tributary, the Bla.ck W ater , nf3ar Hydepark.

The most i m p or t ant village in the area is Templepatrick, with of just under 200 alb eit

•

Generally speaking it is a typical Irish country village,

a very attractive one,

wiich has a Post Office, a com b in e d Chemist,

Grovery and h ar d war e store, a newsagents and confectio�ers shop, 8. Roadhouse

(

a popula.tion

The Pig'n Chick'n

) , and

two filling stations.

a garage,

The"RoJJ.C.' '0.)'

station .. isosituated�on the Antrim-Belfast road and the Northern Bank has a branch wiich opens one day a week, on th

st. Patrick's Villas, is

a

cul-de-sac

Main street. The"other street,

on the Belfast side of the Main street.

Crossing the southern side of the vill a ge is the double�traoked Belfast, Ballymena,

clo s ed in

Lon don derry Railwa.y. The railway station in Templepatrick

1953

was

but the Signal Cabin on the Bel f ast side of the station

is still manned.

Templepatrick also forms a focal point for the Larne-Ballyclare and

Antrim Ro ads which join about a quarter of a mil e on the Belfast s id e of the village. At the other end of th e village the Hightown' and Lyles Mll roads in t ersect at th e Railway aroh and join the Antrim Road at the village

i t s elf .

Traffic has increased considerably over the years, especially

sinc e the development of Larne as a port for container services, and a

few months ago

a

40 m .p . h . sp-ped limit was imposed on traffic us ing the

Antrim Road through Templepatrick, wiile oars coming from Lyles Hill and

·

'}5

The dis trict about which I am attempting to write on from mainly the Geological,

Historical and Industrial aspects,

is approximately 11 miles

5 miles east of Antrim and 5 miles south west of

north west of Belfas t ,

Ballyclareo

It tak s in the townlands of Mo�am B al lymartin,

Ballycusban,

Parkgate), Ballybentragh,

Templepatrick and Cloughanduff

Craigarogan,

village of Templepatrick), Carnanee,

Kilgreel(

( near

( around

the

To ber agnee , Ballynabarnish,and

ar ound the slopes of Lyles Hill and containing the vill ag es of

Roughfort and HJdepark

�

.'

and encloses approximately 11 square miles.

The Six-Mile river in the north west corner flows across an important part of the district before reaohing Lough Neagh,

near

Antr im town. It

is by far the most important river in t he area and is fed by its tributary, the

Ballymartin, which joins it just west of the Templepatrick-Parkgabe

Road helping to form a very fer t il e floo.d plain. The Ballymartin itself receives a tributary,

the Black Water, near Hydepark.

The most important village in the area is Templepatrick, with a population /

·/of just under 200

•

Generally speaking it is a typical Irish country village,

albeit a very attractive one, wiich has a Post Office, Grovery and hardware store, a Roadhouse

(

a

a combined Chemist,

newsagents and confectioners shop,

The Pig'n Chick'n

)

,

a

garage,

and two filling stations. The·RoU.C. :"

,,)'

station .. is_ situatedi.lon the Antrim-Bel fast road and the Northern Bank has a. branch wiich opens one day a week,

on the Main street. The other street,

st. Patrick's Villa.s, is a cul-de-sac

on the Belfast side of the Main street.

Crossing the southern side of the village is the double-e!traoked Belfa.st, Ballymena, Londo nd erry Railway. The railway station in Templepatriok was

closed in 1953 but the Signal Cabin

on the Belfast side of

the station

1

\

Templepatrick also forms a focal point for the Larne-Ballyclare and Antrim Roads which join ab out a quarter of a mile on the Belfast side of

the village. At the other end of the village the Hightown and Lyles\·i1Iil1 roads intersect at the Railway aroh and join the Antrim Road at the �llage

Traffic has increased considerably over the y ears , especially

since the dev elopment of Larne as a port for container services, few months ago a 40 m,p.h.

I

I 1 I

is still manned.

itself.

I \

i

sp�ed limit

was

imposed

on

and

a

traffic using the

�C)_

tA t-SI"\ \ £1 V\"-. ,

V\i

"':J

�¥. -:; o-..cA.

.-tr

o V\,

-\ \::n--o Lt Le

u

� (.j.

,

/1

'\£.m. -'?/..Lfl!"m.

Cb(,

'-

/

V0'}-......Q.

Ca rS

C8 ) The district about wh i ch I am attemp t ing to writ e on from mainly the

Geolo gi cal , � .istorical and Industrial aspects , is approximately 11 miles north west of Belfast,

5 m il e s east of An trim and 5 miles south west of

Bal l y c lare o

�am

It takes in the townlands of Mo Ballycushan,

Eallymartin,

( near

Parkgate), Ballybentragh,

Templepatrick and Cloughanduff (around the

village of Templepatrick), Carnanee, Craigarogan, Tob e r agne e, Ballynabarnish,and Kilgreel(

around the

s lop e s of Lyles Hill

Roughfort and HJdeparkl.

and containing the villages of

and encloses approximately 11 square miles.

The Six-Mile river in the north west c o rner fl ows

across an important

before r eac hing Lough Ne agh , near Ant rim town.

part o f the distri'

It

is by far the mos t important river in the area and is fed by its tributary,

the

Ballymartin,

which joins it

just west

of the Templepatrick-Parkgate

Road h el ping to form a very fe rtil e floo.d plain. The Ballymartin itself receives a t r ibu t ary, .�

the Bla.ck W ater , near Hydepark

•

The most important village in the area. is Templepatrick, wi th a population

of just under 200

•

Generally speaking it is a typical Irish country village,

albeit a v ery attractive one, wiich has a Post Office,

a combined Chemist,

Grovery and hardware store, a newsagents and oonfectio�ers shop, a Roadhouse

(

a

garage,

The Pig'n Chick'n ) , and two filling stations. TlleoR.U.C. ""0)'

station_.is situated�.. on the Antrim-Bel fast road and the Northern Bank has __

a branch wiich open s one day a week, on the Main st ree t . The-other street,

st. Patrick's Villas, is a oul -de-s ac

on the Belfast s i d e of the Main street.

Crossing the southern s i de of the village is the doubleetraoked Belfast, Ballymena, Londond erry Railway. The r ailway station in Templepatrick �as closed in 1953 but the Signal Cabin on the Belfast side of the station is still manned.

Templepatrick also forms a focal point for the Larne-Ballyolare and Antrim Roads which j o in about a quart er of a mile on the Belfast the vi l lag e .

side

of

At the other end of the village the High t own . and Lyles aill

roads intersect at th e Railway arch and join the Antrim Road at the village itself.

Traffic has increased considerably over the y ears , especially

since the development of Larne

as

a

port for container services, and

a

I

I

I I

\i-I

1

I

i

(, ';.')

(11) Hightown di re ct i ons are forced to obs erve a

,0

m.p.h.

speed limit while

being driven down the Main street.

THE VILLAGE OF PARKGATE

Al though I refer to it as a village, P arkgat e is really only a small settlement no�th of Templepatrick on the Ballyclare-Antrim Road.

a population of under was

70.

It has

The village takes its name from the fact that it

once one of the entrances to a great park,

formed by Sir Arthur Chichester.

The village contains a hardw ar e and grocery store, a Primary School which was built about nine years ago,

and a public house.

ROUGHroRT Roughfort with about 100 inhabitants has almost doulled in size with the construction of a Housing Estate near the village two years ago.

situated on the Old Coach (or Hightown) Road

It is

about two mi l es on the Belfast

a

aide of Templepatrick and has two grmcerJ shops, an"Orange Hall,

filling

st at . on and a publio house. The village takes its name from the adjoining fort • .r

j

HXDErARK VILLAGE With a po pul at i on of around 150 Hydepark lies one mile s o uth east of Roughfort.

It is s ur rounded by

a prosperous farm ing distriot

two of the largest industries in the d is tri ct- Mallusk

and s upports

Qu arries

and Pre-Mix --

Cement Works- both of whioh are discussea in another section of this account.

The village itself does no t offer many amenities, havi ng only one grocerJ shop:,

a Presbyterian and Methodist Church and a public house-the

Cottonmount Arms . However, it is slowly exp and ing and with the opening of the Michelin Tyre fac t ory nearby will no

d o u bt

become more important as

the years go on.

DEPENDANCE OF HYDEPARK,ROUGHFORT AND PARKGATE ON TEMPLEPATRICK These villages depend on fac�litiesin Templepatrick as follows:-

1. Templ ep at r i c k is the Postal Distriot and the Post Office in Temple patrick -�

handles all mail for Roughfort and Parkga.te,-i>oth of which lie within their postal areao Hydepark, however ,

'""

has a �ost Office.

2'. The three doctors in Templepatrick take in the whole areas of all these villages and each Saturday night, there is a speoial UoT.A. bus runs from Hydepark through Roughfort to Templepatrick for patients who wish to attend surgery in

the village. Also, the chemist in Templepatrick is the rl ;�:F'u :!f �LVQ -:.TV - . ,Aitl\.; 1-1' . C (� .(�) ,vv..) L � .().A.9'f � -"

only one in the area..

(ha. 4

•

.

.

�

�

I U� .

t.Y

etA

tUJ

(11) Hightown directions are forced to observe a 30 m.p.h. sp e ed limit while being driven down the Main Street.

THE VILLAGE OF PARKGATE Al though I refer to i$ as a village,

P ark gate is re ally only a small

settlement nODth of Temp1epatrick on the Ballyclare-Antrim Road. It has a

population of under 70. The village takes its name from the fact that it

was once one of the entrances to a great park, formed by Sir Arthur Chichester.

The v ill a ge contains

a.

hardware and grocery store, a Primary Sohool

which was built about nine years ago, and a public house.

ROUGHFORT

Roughfort with about 100 inhabitants haS almost doubled in size with

the construction of a Housing Es t ate near the village two years ago. It is situated on the Old Coach (or Hi ghtown ) Road

about two

il es on the Belfast

m

side of Templepatrick and has two grocer, shops, an�Orange Hall, stat} on and ./

a

a fil ling

public house. The village takes its name from the adjoining fort •

HYDEPARK VILLAGE

.

"

With a population of around 150 Hydepark lies one mile south east of

Roughfort. It is surrounded by a prosperous farming district and suppo rt s two of the largest industries in the district- Mallusk

Quarries

and Pre-Mix

Cement Works- both of which are discusses in another sectioh of this account.

The village itself does not offer many am enitie � , having only one

grocer, shop,

a Presbyterian

and Methodist Church and a public house-the

Cottonmount Arms. However, it is slowly expanding and with the opening of

the Michelin Tyre factory nearby will no doubt become more important as the years go on.

DEPENDANCE OF HYDEPARK,ROUGHFORT AND PARKGATE ON TEMPLEPATRICK These villages depend on fac�lities in Templepatrick as follows:-

1. Templepatrick is the Postal District and the Post Office in Templepatriok t \'

handles all mail for Rou ghfort and Parkgate,'both of which lie within the ir

p o st al areao Hydepark, however, has a 'ost Office.

2'. The three doctors in Templepatrick take in the whole area.s of all these villages

and

each Saturday night, there is a special UoT.A. bus runs from

Hydepa.rk through Roughfort to Templepatrick for patients who wish to attend surgery in

the village. Also, the ohemist in Templepatrick is the >n.fl6," I 0\ tu:.... utJla- kJ """ I

only one in the area.

'fI...- 0111'1

(/6"tZo

�f..hzt d

%��1iSl

Petty S ess ions which are held

40

e

(12 )

o..ch

'V't"IO"t"l 't; �

•

for

The villages also depend on Templepatrick in numerous other ways;

the local cattle hauli er lives in the village, the Telephone Exchange

example,

is there also,

and for people living in the Parkgate area , the bus service

between the two villages is their only link with Belfast.

Thus with the exception of Hydepark, whose proximity to Gl e ngorml ey is an advantage, the other villages and the area as a whole rely on the centrality of Templepatrick to p rovi d e many necessary facilities.

COMPARISON OF THE FOUR VILLAGES .

-

Templepatrick .

•

P arkgate 1 Presbyterian

1 Presbyterian

.

�oughfort

.

-

1 Uniterian

1 C.

o.

I. 70

200 .

1 Hardware

1 Ch emi s t

<'

./

tflydej>ark

1 Presbyterian 1 Methodist

CHURCHES

100

150

POPN.

2 Grocery

1 Grocery

SHOPS

1 Garage

1 Garage

Grocery

Hardware Groc ery

1 N ews ag en t Confectioner

I Garage

-

2 Filling Stns.

Post Office Roadhouse

--

1 Filling Stn.

-

Public House

Public House

Po s t O ffi c e Public House

Northern Bank

-

-

-

R.U.C. Station

-

R e c to ry

-

-

-

-

-

Orange Hall

-

Masonic Hall

-

2 Primary S chool s

Surgery

1 Primary -

T e lephone Excllange

-

B.D.C.M. Farm

-

Mushroom Farm

Orange Hall

School

Or ange Hal l

-

I

1 Primary School

-

1 Primary School

-

-

-

-

R.fort Plastics

AMENITIES

-

1 Filling Stn.

-

OTHER

RY

i INDUST Mallus k Quarr es Pr e�Mi .

Spade Factory

f

-...:

'it

f

I

V

.'

The above plan gives most of the information to describe and compare the

four villages, which a.re typical examples *0 be found in any Irish rural districto The pa.ce of li�e is pretty slow and for an insight into the every-day lite in Templepatrick, which can be taken as a model for

.

the otherb vd I�

Petty Sessions which are held

e

(12)

o..ch

'tV\1)'1"I t; h .

The villages also depend on Templepatrick in numerous other ways;

40

for

example, the local caltle haul ier lives in the village, t he Telephone Exchange is there also, and for people living in the Parkgate area , the bus service between the two villages is thei r only link with Belfast.

Thus with the exception of Hydepark, whose proximity to Glengormley is

an

advantage, the other villages and the area as a whol e rely on the centrality of

Templepatrick to provide many necessary facilities.

COMPARISON OF THE FOUR VILLAGES

.

-

Templepatrick .

1 Presbyterian

•

Pcrkgate

.

.

Roughfort

1 Presbyterian

1 Presbyterian

-

70

100

150

POPN.

2 Grocery

1 G roc ery

SHOPS

1 Garage

1 Garage

1 Uniterian

.

1 Chemist Hardware ,/

,

1 Hardware

CHURCHES

1 Methodist

1 C. o. I. 200

!Hydepark

Grocery

Grocery

1 Newsagent Confectioner

1 Garage

2 Filling Stns.

Pos t Of f ic e Roadhouse

Northern Bank R.U.C.

Station

_.

-

-

Ora.l1ge Hall

-

Surgery Telephone Exc�ge

B.O.C.M. Farm

-

-

-

-

-

Public House

-

Orange Hall

1 Primary School

I I

AMENITIES

-

Post Office

Public House

-

-

2 Primary Schools

-

Public House

Rectory

M a s on ic Hal l

1 Filling Stn.

1 Filling Stn.

OTHER

-

Orange Hall -

1 Primary Schoo]

1 Primary School

R . fort Pl as t i cs

Mal1usk Quarries

-

Mushroom Farm

-

Pre�Mi.

INDUSTRY

i

Spade Factory �""

j

" The abo v e plan gives most of the information t o describe and compare the

four villages, which are typical examples to be found in any Irish rural districto The pace of li£e is pretty slow and for an insight into the every -day life in Templepatrick,

whi ch can be taken

as a mo d e l for the other

� \)' \ Lt � L �� L��

� G-Y � � � �1?

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�

S OC I AL AMENI T IES AND S ERVIC ES

(13 )

The vil l age pump in Templepatrick h a s long sinc e fal l en in t o di suse s inc e the mains wat er supply r eached the vil l age in ,q S' 2 . The p rovi s io n of el ectric l ight was mad e in the vill age before the World wat 11

but i t was not

th e t ownl ands to the nor t h s i de of the vil lages around

until 1955 that

Lyl e8 Hil l , re c i ev ed their supply . T el ephone s were

instal l ed

in the ar ea on

much the s ame date s . street l i ghting in T�mpl epatrick , Parkgat e and Roughfort until a few but with the inst allation of fluorescent

years ago was wo eful ly in a.dequat e , lighting ,

the s i t uat i on has imprmved c ons iderably .

There is no mains gas supply , b ut the t endency in most hous eholds s e ems to be towards b o tt le d gas for cooking and el ectric ity ' for lighting and most other purp o s es .

Sewage p ipes

weDe

ins tal l ed in Templ ep atrick in

1960 and

the loc al

s ewage dispo s al un i t near Temp�eton Park Housing Es t at e was built i n

the

same

Demands from the local p e o p l e for such s ervices as fre sh meat , bread ,

animal feeding stuffs , and groc eries are r e ad i l y met by the provi sion of lorry and van s ervices from various fi rm s in either An t r im , Ballycl are or

Belfas t . Coal is d elivered by two local merchants , one in Temp l ep atrick and th e oth e r near Rougbfort .

Bus s ervi c es op e r at e betwe en Belfas t and Antrim at roughly three-quarter hour int ervals , wiil e the provi s i on of Belfast Corporat i on Bus s ervi c e s between Roughfort vi a

Bel fas t

and

p o pul ar

enough

to

Hpdepark ,

although at pr e s e n t on a trial basi s , s eems

b e c on t i nu ed . Despit e a c ertain r eluo t anc e on the part of

B e l fas t C o rp o r a t i on Transport Department to comment on it , it seems likely that in the fors eeabl e future t h e s e s ervices will be extended to Templ epatriok on pe rh ap s a hal f-hour s e rvi o e .

The area is s erved by three newspap ers , · all o f which

d evo t e

s eptions

to local no t e s and record l o c al news . They are- the Ballymena Weekly and East Antrim Timas ( C arrickfergus edition ) , both of which are under the Belfast Tel egraph and printed in

Be l fas t , and the Ballymena Obs erver ,

a

privat ely owned newspap er wlhi ch through econlbmic reas ons is al s o printed i.-in

,/

Belfast .

The mo s t · p opul ar of thes e thre� newsp ap ers would s e em to be

the Ballymena Weekly Tel egraph and the East Antrim Times which carry d e t ail s

of *ark et pri c es

Q�� ��"?��: � ' �

N �<:'�

(13 )

SOC I AL A}vl ENIT IES AND S ERVIC ES

Th e v i l l age pump in Temp l epatrick h a s long since fal l en into di suse

s inc e the mains wat er supply re a c he d the vi l l age in Iq � 2 , The provi sion of elec tric li ght was mad e in the vil l age b e f o r e the World WaD 11 until

but it was not

that th e t ownl an d s mn the north side of the vil l ages around

1955

Lyles Hi ll ,

recieved th eir supply .

Tel ephon es were instal l ed in the area on

much th e s ame dat e s . street l i ght in g in T�p l epat rick , Parkgat e and Roughfort until a few years ago was woefully inadequat e ,

l ighting ,

but with the ins tal l ation of fluor esc ent

th e si tuation has imprmved cons iderably .

There is no mains gas supply , but the tendency in

most

hous eholds se ems

to be towards b ot t l e d gas for cooking and el ectri c i ty ' for light ing and mo st

other purposes .

Sewage pip e s we�e instal l ed in Templ ep at r i c k in

1960

and the l o c al

s ewage dispos al unit n e ar Tempie t on Park Housing Estat e was built i n t h e s ame

Demands

from the local p eopl e for such s ervi ces as fr esh meat , bread ,

animal feeding s tuffs , and gr o c eri e s

are readily met by th e provision of

l orry and van s e rvi c e s from various firms in either Antrim , Bal lycl are or

Bel fas t . Coal is d e liv e r ed by two l o c al merchants , one in Templepatri ck and the other near Roughfort .

Bus s ervi c e s op erat e b e tween Bel fas t and An t ri m a.t roUghly three-quarter

hour

int ervals , wiil e the provi sion of Belfast Corporation Bus s ervic es b etween

Belfas t and Roughfort vi a Hpd epark , although at pr esent on a trial bas is t seems popul ar enough to be continued . Despite a c ertain re luc tanc e on the part of Bel fas t Corporat ion Tr an sp o rt Depa.rtment to oomment on i t , it seems likely that in th e forseeable future the s e s ervi c e s will be extended to Templ epatrick

on

p e rh ap s

a half-hour s ervio e .

The area i s s erved by thr ee newapapera , · all o f whi ch devote S 99t iOns to l o c al no t e s and record lo c al news .

East An t ri

m

T· ·

8

( C arrickfergus ediaion ) ,

Belfast Telegraph and print ed in

/

They are- the Bal lymena Weekly and

privately

o wned newspaper wlich

Belfas t .

The

mo st popul ar of

Belfast ,

both of whi c h are under th e and the Ballymena Ob s erver , a

thro ugh ec onmmic reasons is al s o

printed i.. in

thes e three newspap ers woul d s e em to be

the Ballymena Weekly Tel egraph and the East Antrim Times whi ch carry details of *ark et pri c es

�YI�+�_s.� _� VYl

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A BRI g

OUrrLIN � OF EARM I NG I N THE AREA

(R5 )

re g i o n s : - the Br o ad l y s p e aking the ar e a c an be divid ed int o thr e e farming Six-M i l e ,

Bal lymartin and Bl ackwat er l o �vl and ar e a ; Ly l e s H il l ; and the r i s ing

ground around Parkgat e ,

c o upl ed wi th th e nort hern s l op es of Lyl es Hil l .

In th e l o wl and area aro un d th e thre e rivers , the l and , al though vulner ab l e to winter fl ooding ,

i s very fe r t i l e and it s l i ght� andy s oil s whi ch hav e been

depo s i ted by the r i ver s ar e e as i ly cultivated

0

The fi el d s ar e l arge and l end

thems elves to cul t ivat i on by m o d ern farm machine ry o ' c l o s ely Main s t ay of the f a rm e r s in thi s region i s the ir dairy h erd . Thi s is fo l l owed by b arl ey ,

wh i c h under the r ec ent s y s t em o f Government sub s idy has b ecome

v e ry p o pu l a r in the �emp l ep at r i ck area . Som e o ats are grown . r th and s outh of the The s e c ond area i s t ak en in by th e ri s i ng l and to the no Six-Mil e v al l ey and h ere ,

' al though dairy f arming p r o vi d e s a s t eady income ,

other

r�o s t i mp o rt an t of the s e is pro b ably th e rai s ing

commod ities are al s o impor tant .

of store c at tl e whi ch are s o l d in a ther the Bal l yc l are or Be l fas� Lives tock Markets ,

and thi s has b e c ome more and more evi d ent in this are a as the arable

/

/ .' farming ' has d ec r e ased s inc e the end of the World War l I e

The coveraing of b o ul de r c l ay mak e s the area c ul t ivat e ,

but c r op s of barl ey ,

a

l it t l e mo re d i ffi cul t to

o at s and p o t at o e s produc e r i ch harve s t s and

s ome mark et gard ening is c arried on around the n o rth eas t c o rn e r of the areao

Poul try rai s ing ,

both for eggs and me at ,

i s u s ual ly c ar r i ed on by the farme r ' s

wi fe and th i s i s al s o a v ery important turkey r e aring are a .

The h e avy c l ay s o i l s which spars e ly c o v er the

Some duc�s are al so k ept .

ar e a b eyond th e

540

foo t c ontour

on Lyl es H i l l ar e us e l tt s s for any kind of cul t ivat i on so the r e gi on is mainly given ove r to the r e ar in g of Bl ackfac e or Bord er Lei c e s ter sheep . t ak en to th e Ul s te r Wool Growers '

c entr e at Muckamaee ,

Wool is c ol l e c t ed and

whi le th e she ep thems elves

ar e sold in th e l o c al market s .

She ep farm ing is

al s o c a rri ed on in the p revious regi o n

.

Farming general ly in the di s t ri c t has illld e rgone a. m aj o r revo lution s i nc e the 1 9 30 ' s o

The horse has almo s t di s ap p e ared from the farm ,

exc ept in one or two

i s o l at ed c as e s wh�re i s c am s til l do spe c i al i s ed w o rk l ike ho e-in g turnip s or�c abbage , and mech an i s at i o n has ro ck e d many farms o more exp ens ive machinery is

The t e nd e n cy towards newer ,

l arger and

obvi ous from th e numb e r of c omb i n e harve s t ers and

p i c k-up b al er s in the dis tri c t .

The making of s i l age fo r wint er f e e d i ng ,

has d e c l ined over the p as t three

or four year s , mainly b e c aus e of the hard work invo lved in i t s p rep ar at i on and

.'4 0 p�

I

O� (1 h, vrw.kIJ h<l �� d ct� s b � Rr tx t'L V'...e

y CUA-

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A-k

feV

A BRI E;F OUrrLIN � OF URTv1ING IN 'rHE AREA Broad l y sp'3aking th e

ar e a c an

be divided into thr e e farming r eei on s : - the Lyl es Hil l ;

13al l ymar t i n and Bl ackwat er l o\vl and ar e a ;

S ix-Mi l e ,

c o up l ed wi th the northern s l op e s of Lyl es Hil l .

ground around Parkgat e ,

I n the l owl and are a around th e three rivers , t o wint er f l o o di ng ,

and the r i s ing

i s v e ry fert i l e

d ep o s i t ed by the rivers

and

its

th e

land ,

light/s,ndy

are e as i ly cul tivat ed

0

al though vulnerab l e

s oil s which have been

The f i e l d s ar e large and l end

thems elve s to cul t ivat i o n by modern farm machi n e ry o

Mains tay of the f armers in

followed

by b arl ey ,

whi c h und er

thi s

' r egion i s their dairy h erd .

the recent sys tem of Government s ub s i dy h as b ec ome

very popul ar in the �emp l ep atri ck are a .

The s e c ond area is

Thi s i s c l o s ely

Some o at s are grown .

t aken in by the r i s i n g l and to the n o r t h and s outh of the

Six-Mil e val l ey and h er e , al though d airy farming pro v i d e s

a s t e ady inc ome ,

oth e r

110 s t i m p o r t an t of the s e is prob ably th e r a i s ing

commoditi e s ar e al s o i mp ort an t .

o f s tore c at tl e whi ch are s o l d in � ther the Bal l yc l ar e or Bel fas� Lives t o c k

M ark et s , and thi s has b e c ome more and mor e evid ent in t hi s area as the arab l e /

farming�has decreas ed

s inc e

the end of the World W a r I I o

The c o ve raine o f b oulder clay mak e s the area cultivat e , but c rops of b ar l ey ,

a

l ittl e mo re d i ff i c ul t to

o at s and potat o e s p ro duc e r i ch harve s t s

and

s ome market g ar d e n in g is c arried on around th e nor th eas t c o rn e r of the ar e a o Poul try rai s ing , wife

and

thi s i s

al so

b o th for eggs and me at , a very

is usual ly c ar ried on by the farmer ' s

import ant turk ey r e aring ar e a .

Some duc�s are al so k ept .

The h e avy c l ay s oi l s which spar s e ly c ov er the ar e a b eyond the 540 foo t c ontour on Lyl es Hi l l ar e us e l e s s for any kind of cul t ivat ion so the r egion is mainly given over to the rearing of Bl ackfac e or taken to th e Ul s t � r Woo l GroNers '

� o r d e r L e i c e s te r

she ep .

Wool

is c o l le c t ed and

c entre at Muckam�e , whi l e th e s h e ep them s elves

are s o l d in th e l o c al marke t s .

Sheep farming i s al s o c arri ed on in the p r evious r egion .

Farming general ly in the dis tric t has und ergone a maj o r revolution s inc e the 1 9 30 ' 5 0

The hors e has almos t di s ap peared fro m the farm ,

i s o l ated c as e s whe r e is

and

exc ept in one or two

cam s ti l l do spe c i al i s ed work l ike ho e-ing t urnip s or�c abbage �

mechani s at i on h a s ro ck e d many farms o

The t end ency t owards newer , larg er and

more expens ive machinery is o b v i o u s from th e number of c ombine harve s ters and p i c k-up b al ers in the dis t r i c t .

Th

making of sil age for win t er fe ed ing ,

has d e c l ined over the p a st three

or four years , mainly b e c aus e of the hard work involved in its preparat i on and

hC(f'�J

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-cz

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r rt�··t Lls rf0<1� I4Vc

c�

\ S o i l. -o ov e r i e n Hea v;t;

loam '.

Light

loam

i L

of

Type

far .

S t or e & De ca t t l e ; os p o ta t oe s , ]: .

_.

-'

.

iry ca t t l Ba r l e y and oats .

� :: :: � ,. � "" ., "liiil;� Clay s o i ls L ght cover i i

l M in Y a

�.

she

.. ....

£, l IA P OF THi " AREA

,

SEOVII', , 'G

,

FARIHNG D IV I S I ONS .

�.�·I�--------+I·--------�,�·I,S I

o�

..

__ __ __ __

1.. , .. c:. . .. ..

.. ($1 " ....$

' 'rn,I ..

··

A P PR OX Il.:A

( 17 )

Left :

The poor gras sland

of Lyl es Hi l l .

At r i ght o f

p i c tu re is re s ervoir whi ch s uppl i e s Templ epatri c k .

-

.<

,/

Leflt :

The haavy , b u t ferti l e

l ands of the s l ope� of

Ly l e s Hil l .

-.

Left :

The very fert i l e l andQ

o f th e � ix-Mi l e val ley .

( ld )

s t ac k wou l d s � em t o b,� n e ar ing an end as p i c k-up b al er s and ho.y el av at or s app ear on more

and mor� farms in the d i s t r i c t .

A s t!1 � t r end to ward � emp l oyed

mec h ani s at i on c ontinue s ,

so

the numb er of farm l abour ers

in th ·.: d i s t r i c l , d e c r e as e s over th e year s , but

of b ac k- b r aak i ng wo rk wfui ch us ...:d

.

0

al s o d o e

to b e a feat u r e of farmin B ;

the amm unt

for at th e pr e ', ent

t ime l areer y� � l d s c an be eo t by l e s s work of a phys i c al natur e and such bo ok-work as the k eep i ng o f r e c ords etc . ,

is b eginning to p l ay a bigger p art in

the mod 0 rn farme r ' s l i fe .

PHY S I C AL BI C KGROUN D OF (rH i� AR 8A

No d e s c r i p t i on o f the surfac e rel ief of th � d i s t r i c t c an be comp l e t e wi thout

referenc e to thJ t�u at ernary I c e Ag e which was re. sponsibl e for th e l ay ing <fown of th e boul d e r c l ay d ep o s i t s wh i ch c ov e r the whol e a.rea ,

th e Bix-!\� i l e val l ey . w i t h Ly l e s H i l l

a

w i th

th e exc e p t i on of

varying d ep th of b oul d e r c l ay from th e d i p - s l ope of

in the North to Parkgate in th� Sou th .

Hea�y gl ac i al eros ion has l e ft i t s mark in th e round ed p hy s i c a l f e atur e s of the Temp l e p atrick d i s tr i c t , al s o

gi v I =! n

us

whi l e p o s t- g l ac ial e r os i on and weathe ring hav e

many d e t ai l s .

rrh e six mi i 8 val l .� y at Ternpl ep atr i ck i s about on e mil e wi d e and as

gr ad ient s

ar e

s l i ght

( 1 00 feet in 8

ac ro s s i t s fl ood p l ai n o

The val l ey ,

mil es

onc e

), an

th e river m eand e r s

s l uggi s h ly

overfl ow chann el , is f l o o r ed w i th

s an dy d r i ft o

Th e r�fore

we

have th re e ar eas wh ich co-inc i d e wi th the thr e e farming

ar eas

whi ch I have d i s c us s e d i n th e p revious s ec t i on : -

1 . Ly l e s Hil l o Th i s i s

a c ont i n uat i o n o f the b a s al t upl and s

2 0 Th e dip s l ope of Ly l e s Hil l , with th e

ex c ep t i o n of

of

outh

Ant rim o

the SilK-Mi l e Val l ey .

This

ar 0 a s h o Rs mar� ed effe c t s of gl ac i ation .

30

trh � Si x-r..� i l e Vall ey- a fl ood pl ain .

OUTS rpAN UING TOPOGRAPH I C I\.L F "�ArrUR"BS

( a ) . (�LAC I N.rI ON Th e errat i c at Boul d e r s ton e Hous e , bould t3 r ,

in Tan pl epe t r i c k vi l l age is

a huge bas al t

s ome eigh t f e e t high lying o n top o f th e par ent p e arl s t one and has no

doub t b e en c 2,rr : e d b y t h e i c e s h e e t moving from the vouth Antrim Up l rJldS to the 3 i x ?1 .1 i l e Rive r and the l owl and '"' of Lough Ne at:h .

It i s p i c tured overl c�af 0

The two in t 8 r l o c king druill l ins wh ich c an b e fOlUld j u s t s o uth of the v i I I ::. ee o f Parkgrlte r i s e t o a hei Ght of fifty and th i rty fe':J t re s p ec t i vely o th e s e ,

the ;3round i s very marshy and s upp o r t s l i t t l e pl an t I i.£' e b .3yond re:: d s

Betw8'9n

( 19 )

N

o

so

4

DRVH

o

60

•

F Eel

i

LI N S

b

,

.

U � � � � r A LL

. .

: . : .:. .. .

N �A R __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

,

:

( 20 )

o

"1.­ >--

-�ar::-:-l!!;_

I

t

�t

M

t L E"

F

TH � LAND AROUND THE SI�-} I LE RIV ER

I I I I , I

Dyke

, ,

Six-},ii l e River

I

(I ,,

, I

Bridge

I I , I I I I

I , ,

"

, I ,

cours e o f

Ballyma.rti� ,

I

, I

, ,I

, I

I

( 21 ) L1h '1 r e i s an Ox-Borl o r 1 1 enn i e r Bal lymartin !�iver t

n e e"r

I'/h . TC it

I n th e d i acrT'. 1 overl eaf h as b o en

_

1 t e r ed.

to pr1V t�nt

.,e

12.kp.

on

what

,,-/ a ;-;

fo rr:1 '�rly tIl e cour s e of the

j oins th ; 3ix-f ·il e . can

fl o o,l i n G .

how th e

see

BB0 Ch trees

c O U J"' C ' :;

of t::" I'� fb.l l rm�: rt in

hc-ve b e en pl ant ed at int e rva.l s

of e i t'ht fee t al one- tl1 · ; ntOw c ours e of th<J riv e r to prevent s o i l c ri s s-e ro s e the s urround ing ID.nd .

and.

are

bui l t up each s i

1. e

� r o " i on , dyk es

of both the

Bal l ymartin

and S i x-ri l e Riv ..Jrs .

The old b r i dge , through �Nfu i c h the Bal lymar tin forI1l I.!rly fl e vl ed s t an d s a

fev yards s outh of the p� e s �nt A few hund r ed yar

softer

o c k t a water fal ]

:::;

no r th

about

OrE

on ly

0

of Kirkhi l l wh e r e the har

basal t me ets a

t.vl e l ve fe.:·' t high has b e:.m form ed on t h e l i t t l e

burn 1�h i c h flows from Ly l e s P i l l t o 'Pempl epatrick Quarry and ac t s a s t l e b Olm d ary

betwul�n the t o vml nd s of

Toberae;noVl anrl C l o ueh anduff .

O()ooooo

------

-----

(22 )

-' Ul� � AHY OE' 'E BB G �()LOGY

A

CF rl1H E rf '&.iPLEAA T HI CK DI STRI C T

�

1\1 L1HE

As c c.:.n b e s e en from th e geol ogi c al map s over l e af , 'f emp l c p at r i c k to s OIT:e

h�s

is

a

vari ed one and has i nfl uenc ed s e t t l ement and industry

ext n t .

l i t t l e i n fo rrn b t i on

Very

P i' rt

ar e a

n

t

b e en

s urveyed

0

s inc e

the

ar e a c ould

r

c an

o b G�ined

s in c e thi s

p u r t i c ul ar

� s ul t s of thi s s urv ey .

Th e s e c t i or: w h i ch I h <'1 ve l eft out i e .

tud i ed ,

be

and m o s t of th�! inform� t i on [i y en in

1867

the n xt f �" Il p i..!. g c s is taken froffi the

....

the ge o l ogy o f the

the eas t ern part o f the

are a

b e ing

eas ily be und ers tood. by th e geol ogy of the ur ea ar ound i t and

I h � v � r e f e r r e d briefly to i t at the 8ud

of thi s chap t e r .

( 23 )

IA.N OUr.l'LIN ; OIil THE G �OLOGY OF Tlr,�

j RSA .

If we l o ok at the l in e s ec t i on from Parkgate to Lyl e s Hi ll whi ch i s shom1 over l e af ,

ove r thi s

we c an s e e h o w much the ge ol ogy vari es

four-mil e

s ec t ion o

In the Bonth ,

s om e

�mile

e as t of Parkgat e ''le

can

s e e that the p arenit rock

i s bas al t c overed with a thick l ayer of b oulder c l aY f howeve r as we move

furth er s outh to w ard s the Cas t l e Upt dm d em e sne , the unde rlying r o c k is the chalk .

Doubt l e s s ,

the o c c urren c e of chal k and the wel l-dr ained t op s o il as s oc i at ed

with it had muc h to �o with devel opment of T erop l ep at r i c k vil l age ,

and c e rt ai n l y

in the 1 9 th c entury th e chalk that was quarried near the vi l l age provi d e d a valuab l e

a.s s et f o r t h e d i s t r i c t as a whol e .

llloving furth er s outh , as p e arl s ton e

0

we

fin d

known l o c al ly

a whi tish tr achyt e · c o l urrmar ,

Thi � i s suc c eeded by the bas al t on c e

mor e o

Lyl e s Hi l l i s croi'fficd by a b a s al t sheet some 1 0- 1 2 ir�.che s thi c k o

Underlying

a thin dep o s i t of c l ay whi ch is e s t imat ed to be 4 inches thi ck and then

thi s is

c omes the pi s o l i th ic i ron ore b e l t Yi h i c h W8. S min ed J.uring ':l o r l d War 1 1 0

North

the bas al t i s ag ain th e pc:.rent ro c k .

of thi s

CHALK The oc currenc e of chalk in the C as tl e Up to n ar ea i s thought to b e

due t o

a

v ery l arge f au l t wh ich r anges al ong the v-al l uy o f t h e Six-MIl e. River

in a north- e as t direc t i on o The ac tual d e pth of thi s chalk is impr e s s ive , c an be s e L .. by c omp D.ri s o n wi th the c ottage s in the ske t ch overl eaf .

i t self has n o " b e c om e

a rafuher

attrac t ive l ake with

a

_

e

as

quarry

smal l i s l ani in the

c entr e .

Th�s b egins on the Ly l es Hi ll s id e of the Belfas t-Bal lymena railway l ine and the r o ck i t s e l f i s pear l gr ey with a few d ark sp e c k s through it � .. c c ording to the 1 904 s u rV 3Y o f the ar e a wel l s of depth 40 fe et s t i l l have not entered th e und erlying chalk .

PI SOLITHIC I RON ORE rrh e pi s o l i thi c iron o r (.. b ..)l t en c l o s e s Lyl e s hi l l in a ring and s ends a l ong arm

into the tOYl'nl and of Cloughanduff . At i t s thickest p o int , i . e o

at Lyl es Hil l , i t is

51

feet but thi s decreas e s

as

we

mov e north g

It i s

difficult t o g e t much info rmation about th i s p art icul ar rock , but ac cording to l o c al s c our c e s it has an e.l l uminium c ontent of approximately

20%0 D e t ail s

of

f.ro

ft-- 1n(� ' Ii � vdIl

.

�

�

ft-

[lA' · ��/�� th

/';j .it.

f:?1v.,;f{l-, ·

L'f L E' S ASO

H I LL

s ::

of.'

; N

( / "" � IC

t..

Pa.,. ksd-. � H I L . TO � .

Si.

L

ROflO

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I? 1 __ __ ==� � ,

<=uR lOrJ G-5

E

No . � I \'0

S e:C.T ;0"'1\

O L.O c;,. ICr:jL FRoM

L" l£6

Pq R K (l.. f'lT E"

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0 1-0

QU � RQ.y

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-----

1

C H A I.I<

( 27 )

S eC T I O N L" L . • Purpl e

at"!

""' H � O U G J.I

14 1 a.. L

r edd.i sh b ol e ,

l i thotJJ.rge a.nd c l ay

. i s o l i thi c �ron o r e

D

elay

SS C,.tO N "''' e

-r� R OU c;. ..

aA u." P A '- A fl y

0 " -r,q , e ,. .

Upper Bas al t

�hal e �1d vo l c anic

aS l

2- 3 feet .

Clays , mar l s a u s andy b e d s 3-4 fe ,··t thi ck .

Marl , rnuJ. s tone and bol e , p i s ol i thic iron ore , c ongl amerate a.vtd pl ant beds .

8-1 0 f e et thi ck .

Low.:;r Bas al t

(

.,

Lt- l '

).

( 28 )

and S o c i :li Devel opmont "i"hich has t d< en pl o.c

in thm s Are a " .

BASAvr As in mo st of Count y Antri m , b as al t i " dyke s o c cur in it .

the p r edominan t rock

and numerous

I t is mo s tly of a d ark finely cry s t al l in ':. nature and

on the map of the zeol ogy of the ar e a ,

the edge of the outc rop o n l y i s mr.. rk ed o

SUHF:I.G ďż˝ D "';PO.:3rrrs The boul d er c l ay i s the r 0 sul t o f gl ac i at ion and the thi ckne s s of

th e d epo s i ts vary from p l ac G t o p l ac e . [\round the fl ood. p l ain o f the Six-MIl e Riv er , t h e d eps s it s o f s i l t have given ri s e to heavy but very fert i l e p i:.:.tbches of l r. nd .

FOS S I LS Jus t e as t of t h e bOluld ary of the are a that I have c ho s en , num e r ou s

o f a fl-3 rn

p l ant r emains have b e en foun d . ,

y{C!,t er l i ly ,

at Bal lJpal ady ,

The s e h ave ' nc luded the o c c urren c e

a deep l y no t ched l eaf as s i gned t o the Qu ercus and

anoth er l e af and fru i t of the alnus . A s e c tion throue-h Bal l yp al ady showing th e f o s s i l b e d s is reproduc ed overl e af o I n the ar'ďż˝ a whi ch i s not mark ed o n the Roughfort ,'3..n d the tmml and o f 'Ballymart in ,

thi s i s c overed in mo s t par t s by d ep o s i t :

' arge map ,

bas al t is the p ar en t r o c k and

of boul d er c l a,y o

0000 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 0000

__

around Hyd ep ark ,

_ _ _

( 29 )

D }<�V �L( PLl t:NT

I have gon a into thi s s o c t i on in de tai l b e c au s e I b e l i e v e th at i s impos s ibl e to und ers t

d e ve l opmen t .

Ca) .

d the area unl e s s one has at l e as t s ome i d ea of i t s h i s t o ri c al ':"y o th e r r e as o n s ar e as fol l ows : -

There has b e an � o h i s t o r i c al d o c um ent wr i t t en o n thi s ar ea th at I know

of fo r the p�st fi fty y 8 �rs

an

ind eed any ac co unts

b e fore t h at have b·:a en of a ge neral , rather than

that

have b e en wr i t t en

a s p e c i fic natur e .

( b ) . rEh e h i :::; t o ry of T empl ep at r i ck has had a m.:lrked effe c t on the p e opl e who l ive th ere and al s o event s wh ich have t ak rn p l ac e give 3n ins i ght into the char�c t er of the inhabi t an t s . _ pi t e th e amount of materi al avai l i b l e for c onsu l t at i on on

the s ub j e c t , much has b e en l o s t or d i s t o r t ed during th e p as s age of time �d in many c as e s on ly s t ories have survived and the s e may b e a r to yhat has gone b e fore .

...,

little

re s emb l anc e

( 30 ) There i s p e rhap s no p ar i s h in I r e l and wi th a mar e int er e s t ing h i st ory than

Temp l epat r i ck ,

n o r one ab out wh i c h so m any r emark ab le

1

events c an be r ec ord ed .

Whether we vi ew Templ epat r i ck ' s h i s tory in the dim l i ght of the e a rl y dawn of Chr i s t i ani ty in Ireland ,

or in the

even e arl i e r mi s t s of P ag an i sm ,

every

fi eld has i t s s t o ry and ev e ry hill i t s tal e to t ell .

EARLY SET TLEMENT IN THE AREA The r e i s

ampl e evi d enc e o f early s et t l em en t in the Templ epat r i ck d i s tri ct ,

th e mos t s t riking of wh i c h is probably the round cairn and enc l o s ure on the

Top of Lyl e s Hill .

wKen

a Royal

The d i s cov ery of thi s ex t en s iv e earthwork was made in 1 9 2 7

Ai r Fo rc e offi c e r no t i c ed pecul i ar markings on pho tographs whi ch

h ad b e en t ak e n of t h e are a . When the s e were inv e s tigated they were found t o b e the r emain s of an e arly s et t l ement .

Exc av at i on on the s it e was

not begun until 1937

at the outbreak o f World War 1 1

Pro f e s s o r E.

•

and had t o b e ab andoned

Work on th e site was re sumed in 194 7 und er

Es tyn _�van s , who s e pub l i c at i on ULyl e s Hil l " tel l s o f the exc avation

and th e s p e c i men s found th ere .

The ear thwork s ,

p art of a l at e N eo l i thic s e t t lement c o n s i s t e d of a round

c ai rn , ab out two f e e t high and s eventy feet in diame t er , bound ed by enc l o sure ,

95 0

feet by 700 f e et whi ch enc l o s es about

l2t

an oval

ac r e s .

Th e c airn c on s i s t ed o f a cent ral grave c ontaining a buri al ,

with three

s econdary c i s t- b ur i al s , two acc omp ani t- d by food ves s el s and one con t aining the encru s t ed urn shown o v e rl e af .

kerb of the c ai rn .

Th e c i s t buri al s

were situat ed ou t side the

In pl ac e s the c ai rn floor dip p e d down into smal l pits

v arying in s i z e from d i am e t e r 1 8 in ch e s by 13 inehe s and d ep t h 6 i nc h e s to d i ameter 1 0 inc h e s by 8 i n ch e s and 6 i n ches d e ep . a

I t is

th ough t th at these had

ri t u al func t i on .

The e n c l o sure wli.i ch fol l o wed t h e 700 foot c o n t our l ine was thr e e fe · 't high

in

p l ac e s and evi d enc e sugge s t ed that a wo oden p al i s ade had onc e hel p ed to

f or t i fy i t s d efen s ive rol e .

Many i n t e r e s t ing finds were m a d e dur i ng the e xc av at i on , s hown in the sk e t ch es overl e af ,

and of Ly l e s Hi l l Ev ans him s e l f s t ates ,

Hil l is up to the pr e s e nt unique in I r e l and o even approximat e par al l el to i t ; c on s t ruc t i o n ,

rr�1 r

"1yl es

I t i s not po s s ib l e t o sit e a s imgle ,

al l that c an b e don e is

c ul tural an d ritual feature s ,

together on this Irish si t e l "

s ome o f which� are

to matc h el ement s in i t s

and sp ec ul at e a s t o h o w th ey c am e

(,;>ep4t, �qoyl ,I I r. e:u !J

"'" U()

1"J\iJ

A1"'N 11o-

l ' c) Dn..ro .izt h'lA, 11r.d£"'-"-{ q, f' '''' -'-J

v

( 31 ) !! . OO � 0�O__�__• _______/.:()=O======:.I Icf=O======O 1 00

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PLAN O � '11I Ir; C AIRH AT LY L .�S HILL .

K ey : Upr i Gh t S t on;·'..., s b1 ack • Fl a t

S t onps "'

.

C r em ation� N o v c . I to IV u

h a t c hed .

Pi t s on c al rn f�biJD

Second ary C �' s t s l\ os . 8 1 , §2 and No s . 1-8

83 .

::; Oi", :� O�� IL'Er; 1;IOH�; D.I PO · TJ: i

En c rus ted U rn foun :i in C i s t N o .

FINDS AT THE SITE ON LYLES H I LL

1.

Food Ves �i el fOW1d in C i s t No .

3.

'"

Fl int Arrowhead s ( s c al e i ) .

Axe-head

of p oli shed Tm evebul l i agh Porcellanii,e .

( c c..l e

Gre 8ns tone

en�ant

Gl as s Bo ad Al l s c al e 1 : 1

t )

Amber Bead

C l o s e to the Vil l age of Roughfort is one of the mo s t impr e s s ive of

ant iqui t i e s in th e Templ ep atr i c k area- C arngr any I r i sh ,

C arn-gre in e ,

.

The wo rd comes from the

me an ing lithe c arn of the Sun " b e c aus e it was thought

that i t s bui ld ers had b e en Sun Worshipp e rs .

The monum e nt ( shown over l e af ) c on s i s t s of t en l ar ge s tone s r a i s ed on s i d e support s l ik e a s eri e s of crornl ech s ,

6i

s tone i s

f orming s t ep s .

fe et h i gh and th e smal l e s t 5 f e e t high and th e t o t al l eng-th

i s j us t over

4ďż˝ feet .

Very l i t t l e information i s av ai l ab l e about

C arngrany ,

t hou gh t t o b e a Megal ithic G al l ery Grave d a ti ng from ab out the

1 940

The l arges t

H.M. S . O .

of N . I re l and " , urn wh i ch was

but it i s

3000 B

.

C

In

.

pub l i c at i on "A prel im i n ary survey of Anc i ent Monument s

r ef er en c e is mad e to cremat ion rem ain s , and a fine enc rusted

found by a Mr H . C . 1awlor , bu t no more informat i on is avail abl e .

The c overed gal l ery t ermin a t es in a s ingl e-chamb ered gr ave into which th e gal l ery offers no ac c es s ,

b ec aus e o f a transver s e uprigh t

a c c oun t s ref er t o two c irc l e s surrounding the megal ith , in diame t er ,

des troyed before 1 800 .

b e en s urrounded by an e ar th e n Fr8l1c i s J o s eph Biggar ,

)t

s ay s that

s was

â&#x20AC;˘

Early

35 and 6 0 yard s

The monument was al s o t h ought t o have

ditch .

i n "Notes on the His tory of T empl epatrick " ,

a monument e rr e c t ed over the grave of s ome gre at person ,

a gi ant in tho s e d ay s ,

ei t h e r

in

war or in the ch a s e ,

or

"in s ome other

pursui t o f the t im e whi ch afforded a t h em e for th e magnifi c ation of the

native b ards " .

There

ar e numerous

St anding S t on e s in the

di stri c t , the b e s t known o f

whi ch i s t h e o n e near th e Dairy Farm at Hydepark c o rn e r o f th e d i s t ri c t .

The s t on e

t

in the ext r e me s outh-east

a 'oo ut eight feet high , b e l ongs to the

l at e Ne o l i thic-Bronz e Age p e ri od and is c onne c t e d with ri tual s of ferti l i ty _

Th e

numerous forts in the Temp l ep atri ck d i s t r i c t sp eak o f a pl en t i ful

p opul at i on in the Angl o-Norman era engaged in pastoral ac tivi ti es . However , . "" ....

th e s e mound s wert no t onl y r e s id enc e s but al s o pl a c e s of s e curity , o ff er ing s afety with in the i r s t o c k ad e d b anks to man and his

animal s o

The greate s t o f the s e l i e s j ust o u t si d e our area in the d i s t ri c t that

was onc e the royal r e s i d en c e of R athmo re , where the Kings of D al aradi a r e s i d ed and Bri an Eoru l evi ed tribute from the N orth ern c l ans .

R < thm o r e was burned in .

---rk- � or b0 � �ULOkJY\)

R.o \.l��A� p�J2� -&c<e d.zofJ f)

� L�

�

I-

I ,I

, .

•

l

t !

( 35 )

---

-

---------

("36 )

belongs to the s ame peri od and is immo rt al i s e d by lat er events o onn e o t e d wi th th e

1798 Re b el l ion and

th e Battl e of Antrim .

Contempor ary with the dwel l

�

l atter pe ri od o om e s

s out e rr ain s or und ergr ound

pl ao es of whi ch at l east twenty known ones exi st in the di str i ot .

Many

of th e s e have been fil led in by l o c al farmers but a f ew of the s e still remain open . The aotual purpo s e of souterrains is not v ery c l e ar , but it is thought that th ey acted as either und erground larders or funkho l e s o Here are detail s of a few of themAshvale ,

Bal lymar t in .

50

Length appx .

f e et with l arders on e ach side

Moye.dam , Near Parkgate .

Length appx .

Moyadam , Nesr Parkgate .

Length

The Trenoh , M allusk .

Length appx 60 feet

71

f e et .

not kn own

d i s turbing

th e

t op

1

SEALED

1

SEALED SEALED

A rep o rt in the Nor th ern Whig of D e c emb e r

Lough anmor e

OPEN

1841

t el l s of a farmer at

stone of one of th e s e souterrains . The report

goes on tI Two urns of r eddi sh o l ay were dis oovered s t an d ing on

the

floor . The

l argest was about 15 inohes in he ight , but each equally rude and their s id e s /

soratohed

with some rough instrument . Through c ar el es sn e s s the large urn was

broken to p i ec e s ,

and th e other taken away by some unknown person "·.

Near an othe r souterrain in Cl oughanduff in

ring with two l ate r , ( a

1830

a l arge

bras s

or br onz e

small er ones att_ached were f ound o At the s ame plao e some time

st on e c up ( ab out th e siz e of

a

bre akf as t cup

1

) with

two handl e s attaohed

to it was al s o found . Bo th these were depos ited in the British M�seum

by

l1 rd rempl e t on . '

RELIGI ( N AND IDEAS Long before the P l ant at i o n era , s everal churches

th e area, but

One of th e s e , C arngreine

even the ruins of the s e have long since dis appe ared o Church ,

existed in

st ood ne ar Carngrany , indeed some of the farm bui ld i ngs j us t acros s

the road h ave

been bu il t on i t s

church was used up in Some trac e s ,

th e

notable

s it e .

The burial gr ound

cho l era ep i dem i c of the grave s tones ,

o onn eo ted

wi th

th i s

1832 .

still r emain of what was onc e a

ohurch at Bal lymartin . These ruins , pio tured overl e af ,

the Antrim-Belfa.st Road , e,nd i t is thought that

the

c an be' ' s e en from

.;,.--

ohuroh was d es t roy ed when

the vil l age of Ballymartin was burn.d to the ground in the wars of 1641 .

Ao oording to Reeves in hi s book "Ecolesi astic al Antiquiti e s it , the foundations of the ohurch m e a s ure d 54 feet by

In the

townland of

18

fe et .

Kilgreel a church is also supp o s ed to have exi sted .

Pro

( 36 )

b e l ongs to the s ame p er i o d

nd i s imm o rt al i s e d by l at er ev en t s c onn ec ted with

th e 1 7 9 8 Re b e l l ion and th e Bat t l e o f Antrim .

Cont emp orary wi th the l at t er p er i od comes s out errains or und erground dwe l l ing p l ac e s

of which at l eas t twenty known ones exi s t in th e di s tr i c t . Many

i

of the s e have b een f l l e d in by l o c al farmers but a f ew of the s e s t i l l r emain

The ac tual purpo s e of so ut err ai n s is no t v ery c l e ar ,

op en .

but it is thought

that they acted as e i th er und erground l a rd er s or ��ol e s o Here are d etail s of a few of them-

Ashval e ,

Length app x .

Bal lymartin .

5�

feet wi th l ard ers on e ac h side

Moyenam , Near P arkgat e .

Length appx .

Moyad am , Near Parkgat e .

Length not known

The Trench , Mallusk .

Length appx 6 0 feet

OPEN

1

71 feet .

SEALED

1

SEALED SEALED

A r eport in the N o r th ern Whig of Dec emb er 1841 t el l s o f a farmer at Loughanmor e d i s turbing the top s tone of one of th se s out errains .

The report

go e s on" Two u rn s o f reddi sh c l ay were d i s c overed s t anding on the fl oo r . The l arge s t was about

15 inche s

in he ight , but each equally rude and their s i d e s

scrat ched wi th s ome rough ins trument .

b roken to piec os ,

Through c arel es snes s the l arge urn was

and the other tak en away by s ome unknown p ers on " o

N e ar another s out errain i n Cl oughanduff in 1830 a lar g e bras s o r b ronz e

ring wi th two smal l er one s at t ac h ed were found o

At the s ame p l ac e some time

l at er , � a s tone c up ( about the s i z e of a breakfas t to it was al s o fo und .

cup1 )with

two handl e s att ached

Both th e s e were depo s i ted in the Bri t i s h Mus eum by

Lord 'rempl eton .

RELIGI , N AND IDEAS s everal church e s e xi s t e d in the ar e a , but

Long b efor e the Plant at i on era ,

even the ruins of th e s e have l ong s i n c e dis appe ar ed " Church ,

s t ood n e ar C arngrany

,

One of the s e , C arngreine

ind e ed so me o f th e farm bui l di ngs j u s t ac ro s s

the ro ad have b e en bui l t on i t s s i t e .

The buri al ground connec ted with th i s

chur ch was used up in the chol era ep i d emic o f 1 832 .

Some t r ac e s , no t ab l e t h e grav e s tones , church at Bal lymar tin . Th e s e ruins , the Antrim- Belfas t Road ,

fl.nd

sti l l remain o f what

p i c tur e d overl e af ,

wa.s

on c e

c an b e s e en from

a

:,-:'

i t i s thought that th e church was d e stroyed wh en

the vil l age of Bal lymart in was burned t o the ground in the wars of 1641 .

Ac c o rding to R e e ves in his book t l Ec c l e s i as t i c al An t i qu i t i es " ,

t h e foundations

of th e church m easured 54 feet by 18 fe e t .

In th e townl and o f

Ki l greel

a church i s

al s o supp o s ed t o have exi s t ed .

Chu:rt.�CV-- izA..C � /S � tZ<2Jb:3 IOc../.) � ix-eA-" � O I �V � _ Jl fD (� � � <-J N �

N e.LU' � a.

�

<2./

./

( 37 )

Kn i gh ts of s t . J ohn of J e rus l am and at Temp l epatri ck in what i s the p r e s ent Cas tl e Up ton a s i m i l ar o r d er exi s t e d .

were bound by s tri c t mon astic rul e s and

al though no t in Holy Ord er s ,

c al l ed ,

The s e Kn ight T e mpl ar s as t hey we r e

Biggar in fo rm s us that t hey exi s t ed as a r e crui ting groun d for young s ol d i ers of the c r o s s who travel l ed t o the Ho ly LGnd in an at t empt t o wr e s t it from

the Infid e l s .

Kt C astl e Up t on , the R ef ec t o ry of the fo rmer mon a s t ery , measuring 4 2 feet by 2 7 feet i s now in the C as tl e yard .

At the r e ar of th e R . U . C . many in the d i s tr ic t ,

aroun d 1 81 2 0

1

S t at io n there was onc e a h o ly wel l , one o f

which dri e d u p af t e r l imes tone b l as t ing ac tivi t i e s

Th e r e was anoth e r h o l y wel l a t Toberagne e .

Th e virtues o f th e s e wel l s w e r e many ; they were b el i ev ed t o b e af fi c ac i ous in such var i 3d co mpl aints as eye d i s e a s e s , l am enes s . t o othac h e and in s ome c as es ,

b arrenness o

One of the fas c:inatine fe a t ure s of th e Old Burying Gr ound at Mal l usk is the " b al l aun U o r s tone b as i n . ,·/hich is s i tuat ed in the middl e of the Graveyard .

Th e s e b as ins ;

remnants of t h e Paran clu tur e ,

or at l ea s t the wat er

c on t ained in them , is s uppo s ed to p S.s s e s s sp e c i al virtues and in thi s offerings of pins

c an o ft en

c as e

b e s e en i n the b o tt om o f the b asin from hop eful

p e op l e in the d i s trict who want thei r warts to d i s ap p ear .

Al though of a much l at er d at e , Molusk )

Buryi ng

the

"Re s urrec t i on Lamp " at

d e s erv e s s ome mention in this

Ground

wh i c h only th e ho l de r r emain s ,

is

c ent� when M e di c al 9ol 1 ege s ,

d e sperat ely in need of

purpo s e s , p ai d high ., p r i c e :::

8 grim reminder

s ection .

Mal lu�k

( or

The l amp , o f

o f t h e early ninet e enth c or p s es

for d i s s e cting

to uns crupul ous bo dy- s n at c h e r s to obtain them .

' .'

After the funnral , the r e l at ives were forc er.: to gUard the body at night

until it vigil .

had b egun to decay and the Lamp was us ed to provide light for thi s Another int ere s t ing f ac et of thi s time was the gr ave-digger ' s c o t t age

b e side the graveyard which had a smal l room up s t ai r s with a window

overl ooking

the graveyard where the r el ative s s at e ach night o wat ching .

A SHORT AC ... OUN'f OF PRESBY (rr�RIIrnI SJ\1 IN rCEMPLEPATRI CK The s et t l er s who

c am e to

T empl epat ri ck in the early 1 7 th c entury were of

Sco t t i sh origin and there fo re Pre s byterians .

Meeting How e was bui l t and the

congregat i on

j ust ins ide

I t w a. s n ' t very l ong until

the wal l s of th e d emesne ,

a

a.

Ses s i on formed

b egan to grow 0 .

In tho s e d ays a Ses s i on wm m l d ed more power than i t d o e s t od ay o

One has only

�()

.... -

i

S re-

)�,- VH"'I

�

1,� /( H tARO"'I

� Je" rk�

ck

(t

/

lS-)

� �� 17C--lfo-k, O<- .r ;tt..gJ- teN � /t..er fll-O"1l-.J- A:u be �<.fiVJ-c-f�e(_ /v1/J-:.. � �r--e&/S IN� �. __

cL

I

'is +- �

c::..

I.

, ,

j�

J

to gl anc e through t h e old Ses s i on Bo ok to r e al i z e r e ach'� d in to th(� ev' st o o l at

of

the

. y-day

l ives of the c o n gr e g at i o n and the Peni t ent i al

fron t o f th e con�r egat ion

j u � t hO\i far-

how f ar thi s power

j et

was

much to the

;\c hing th,_, pewers of the §e s s i o n

fo re .

were .

ere

It i ("'

is

an

exampl e

tak en from the

o l d S o s s ion Bo ok : " The qlk day J ohn Cowan , being summ o ned , c omp eered and c o nfes s e d hi s breach of th e S ab b ath in b e at ing hi s wi t e o n y e Lord ' s Day , an d yerfor y e ves s ion ordai n s him ye n e x t Lord t s Day to s t a.."1d l eigh fo rgans y e pulp i t ,

and b e i ng c al l ed

by y e mini s t er yo aonfe s s e in ye fac e of ye c ongr egat i on hi s offenc e l l •

Servi c e s we re ann ounc ed by a s m:! l l handb el l rung by th e s e xon out s i d e th e Chu rch gat o s ,

a c us t om wh i r:h ¥1as

l ong-handl ed c o l l e c t i o n tins

carried

( p ic tured

into t h e early

over l e af )

are

1 9 th

The

c entury .

stil .! p r e s ervad in

th e Church .

The fi rst mini s t e r of Temp l ep atrick was Jo s i as Wel ch , e l oquent

pre acher and a 8rand s on of J o hn Knox ,

a fi e ry anu

th � �c o t t i sh Reform er . He was

minis t e r in th(� v i l l age from 1 0 26 un t il hi s d e ath in 1634 and is

bur i ed i n

t h e o l d bur ial -ground in C as t l e UpJon d eme s ne .

Aft e r th.:!

the

�roub1 e d times :.::. t -9h e end of the 1 8 '�h c ent ury and beginn ing o f

1 9 th . , ;, hi ch

rap i d l y an t i l in C amp b e l l

ar e de.:1 c ri b ed

i n another c hap t er , the c o ngregation expand ed

early 1 8 30 ' s the Itini ster of the Chu rch ,

th e Rev .

Rob ert

s e c .� d ed from the Synod of Ul s t er with p art of the eongr egat i on . The

remaind er moved into the new chur ch build by Lord Templ eton . i n 1 8 31 .

Her e they s t aY'c:d W1 t il 184 4 when d i ff e r en c e s in opinion wi th Lord Templ eton fo r c ed them t o l eave t hi s new

church

was

churcl1 (now the

bui l t at Kilgr e e l

wor shi p p ed in an old

( out s i d e

barn near Kirkhil l

Primary

;:)choo1 ) and

T empl eton ' s e s t at e ) ,

Farm ,

Cloughanduff ,

un t il the th e congregati on

an in tere s t ing

c onn e c t i on s inc e Ki rkhil 1 :Farm had b e en the o l d Manse in e ar l i e r years . new church

in Ki lgreel

was

op ened in 1 84 5 .

n T �·:IPL �PAT d I CK

Th e

TH '"

D

1] 0 )

';VELOPj,; :�NT O ? C A0rL1L}� UPfON By

l;he 1 7 th c en t ury the o l d mon", s t ery

of t h e Knight Temp l ars had 1 rgely

fal l en into ruin and only the Refe c t o ry remai n ed . �'�arly in thi s c en ury King J ame s

I

granted t

IQ

pa.rts of the t i th e s and

al t e r age s of the improp r i ate R e c t o r i e s of 'l1ernplepa tric k and 1..01 usk to Sir J ames H am i l t o n at the rent of fif t G en shil l ings o

were trans ferred to Sir Arthur Chi ches t er ,

The foll owinb y e ar the s e gr an t s

t h e Lo rd

Deputy .

In 1 6 1 8 Chi c h e s ter gr ... mted the townl ands of C l oughanduff , Temp l epat r i ck and Ki 1mak e e to S i r Hu nphry Norton at

the ye arl y rent of £16

r

t wo fat oxen and othe r d u t i e s 1 • a

dorton c onv e r t ed the d e r e l i c t monas t ery int o

man s i on whi c h he c a l l ed C a s t l e Norto n .

above

rOQ� '

s 8mi-c ircul ar

108 and a herr i o t of

Of the o riginal b ui l d ing , h,= l e ft nothing

e x c ep t parts o f the oli w al l s and the refec t o ry with

its arc ad e o f

arches an d fin e �.; ix-pann el l ed c e i l ing .

After s ome fami ly s c and al v/hich mad e him d e c i d e to l eave I r e l an d for good , Norton d i s p o s ed o f hi s p ro p erty Henry Up t on ,

gave th e c a s t l e

one of the d e Upp etons of C orn w al l ,

who

th e name i t b ears to d ay - C as t l e Up t on .

Hi s son was a s t aunch s uppor t er of Wil l iam of Orange and rai s ed a r egiment of

fOOD among hi s t e nan t ry to as s is t the Pro t e s t ant s at D e rry . Th e r egim�nt suffered s everely both in t h e fighting and the famine and Biggar info rms u s that 11

on l y a remnant returned to the i r o l d home s " .

Lat er memb '9 rs o f the Up ton family wer e abs en t e e landl ord s who l ived in

' Lon d on wh ile the C as t l e d ec ayed , but fo rtunately in the early 1 780 ' s C l o tworthy Up t on d e c i d ed to r e s t o r e the bui l d ing and c al l e d upon th8 the gre at e s t archi t e c t s of the d ay ,

s ervi c e s

of on e of

Robert Adam . Al though bui l d. :L n ' · a s t o r ey to

the r e fec t o ry and i n c o r p o r at ing i t wi th the ad j oi ning- dwel l ing hou s e , on c e ,

ab andoned his usual

Ad ams

c l as s i c s tyl e and general ly adh(3 r ed t o the l i n e s

,

for

of

the old bui l ing .

Howeve r ,

in th8 magni fi c Gnt m aus ol eum ,

C l o twor thy Up ton ' s e l d e s t bro th ( � r , Ad am r evert e d t o his c l a s s i c idiom .

ra i s e d in 1 7 8 3 to the memory of

the Rt . Hon •

.-',. rthur

The mausol eum

Up ton ,

whom h e h a d suc c e eded ,

was entrus t ed

to th e Nati onal

Tru s t early thi s y e ar and has b e en re s tor ed to much of i t s former b e auty .

"

J ohn Henry , the s on of Cl o two rthy Upton , b e c am e Vi s c ount Templ eton in 1 806

Dnd twenty y e ar s l at er , his s on and heir c arr i e d out a fu r th e r re s t orat i on o f t h e IDL.n s i on , b y ad ding Ac c c rding t o

,'ill

a

t o w er an d p anel l ing t h e h al l i n ear l y 1 7 th c ent1Jry s ty l e .

ar t i c l e in t h e

" Bel fas t

T el e graph " by

Ri chard Hayward , al l

th e p r e s en t p l e. s t e r work be l ongs to the 1 9 th c en tury and th e hou.., e ;, s it s ta.nd s

p�1'.b .

A;;�

ftJ JJ�

j.J)u� J:.t

� /-vcaR-

fc-�

() r�U -

�s:(o�

�tJL-!J-�YM.2JA._I!;

Qfre-

J-� �

lA

/bftJA/ J h

I

!

I

.f

r,

l

1 ;I1 1) /\

I

/

1\;\

r

// I

r

i l\

It l

�

-- - - ------

-.

The s e s t i rring wo rd s were c ompo s ed by

a young Temp1 8patr i c k w e aver ,

Hope t who had b e en re i_red in c. smal l c o t t age s i tuat ed i n

J ame s

v h a t i s n o w the

,

Uni t e r i an m i n i s t e r ' s l awn and had with the h elp o f th e l o c al Pr e sbyt er i an mini s t e r managed t o ext end h i s a weaving f i rm ne [',r

educ ation o A t t h i s t ime he was wo rk i ng t o

Hi ghtown .

TH B SOC I ETY O F UNI TED I I SID!, }� In 1 19 5 Hope j o ined t i l e Mol usk b r anch of the S o c L ty of Uni t 3d I r i shmen , __

an

o rgani s at i on o f b o th C athml i c s

an t i- Un i o n

and Pr e s byt e ri an�' whi c h wa� , \ road ly sp eaking ,

and whi ch h ad b e en form e d s elreral y e ars p r eviously by \'f o l fe Ton e

in Bel fas t o Here Hope r o s e to l e ad er of the b r anc h and eventual ly b e c am e

the Command er-in-Chi ef ,

Henry J oy M t C racken ' s ,

Lat er i n the ye a r ,

Ar thur Upt o n ,

the �r emp1 ep r' t r i c k are a ,

fe aring the s t r ength o f t h e Uni t edmen in

ra.i sed a regiment o f l oy al y e omenry whi c h Vias armed

wi th fl i nt-l o ck guns and b :· yonet s .

Tr oubl e

ri ght-hand man.

Irh C' "

r,'

fl ags and b adges ar e p i c t u r ed ov e rl e af .

fl : r e d u p j u s t one y e ar l at e r when Wi l l iam Orr ,

a

farJile r from

Fa rranshan(� ,n e ar I s l ar:.d bawn , was ar r e s t ed And t aken to Carri ckfergus c h ar ge d wi th admini s tering the o ath of the Uni t ed Iri shmen to two S c o t t i sh s o l di e r s

who

w e r e i n t h e p ay

of authori t i e s o f C arri ckfergus . Po p u l a r sympathy was whown

when s ome s i x hundr .. ;·: : neighb our s as s embl ed on h i s farm and r e ap ed h i s

e n t i r e harv e s t in a m at t e r o f h OU13S .

Aft er d et ent i on in p r i s on fo .::- almo s t a y e ar ,

Orr was b roug t to tri al in

S ep t emb e r 1 7 9 7 and after the j ury had r et i r ed for m o r e than twenty-four hours , a verd i c t of gui l ty was

d e c i d ed upon .

Lat e r ac c ount s of th e tri al

the j ury was b r i b ed by the autho r i t i e s to b r i ng in such

s t at e that but i t

� verdi c t ,

wou l d b e impo s s ib l e to a s c e r t ain j u s t how pre j ud i c ed the s e a c count s

Orr ,

who l e ft behi n d

a

wife

C arri ckfergus mn Sept ember 1 4

and

s everal smal l chi l dren , was hanged

either

at

and the o rdinary p eopl e turn ed out in f or c e t o

j oin the fun 8 ral proces sion through S tr ai d and B al lynu r e t o the Cl ground at C as t l e Upton ,

ar e

Templ ep atri ck , wh e r e he

was

Burying

buri ed wi th ful l

Mas oni c hono ur s .

The d C El,th o f Orr i n c ur r e d mo r e sympathy in I r e l a.nd and in 1ng l an d t o o than w e c an

n o w und er s t and , a �

i n surrec t i on at An t r im , un t i l th e p r e s en t d ay . t.:> n n

of' th e

it

afford ed th e battl e c ry o f t h e sub s equent

" Hemem1v ,' Orr ! it and

earned the respect o f

the d i s tri c t

The p o e m b y WIn o Drem1aIl which I have inc lud ed a t the :I:()) I.dcA e\.lU � pt- le. do

the s i s orob ab ly sums

up

the feel ings of the p e op l e much b et t er that; "

i'.r.

0

.

p i l: c o f

the prop r i.,Y

t ! l .)

1 7)0

j.l " .... i ou

f J.. r . ChD.� i .

2.

/

I

' /. /

/

./�.

.

llh e Graves toll lJ of W i l l

'

alii 0rr

i:1 th e Old

Burying G roun d at C as t l e Vp ton .

o

'.

LL

" ,.."

,,

-

1

. ·1.' 0 .

. .' 1 .

_

l ' � ', .

f)ve :

: :cda l D: ' ' lE

. :.1 -r:tc e r s

� '�!Yl1) 1 '�

"2,.

l" i c:.:

--�

(48 )

T;�,\ PL �PATRI GK ' S PARrr IN TH � BAT'llLE OF 'pJ�'l'RI I'l June 3 1 7 9 8 i s s t i l l r e f err e d t o in the n e i ghbo u rhoo d as

Sund ay , Sund ay and

11

,

al l o v e r the c o un t ry ,

for

m em

" Pi k e

and women were s h arp en ing th e ir w e apons

b ak i ng o a t c ak e s f o r provi s ions .

Then a t l as t al l th e wai ting w � s o v e r as t h e o r d er was r e c e i v ed from Henry J oy � ' a rac k e n ad d r e s s ed t o

l i The Army of Ul s t er " whi c h r ead :

mar c h on An tr1m- d r i v e the gar ri s on o f Randal s t own b e f o r e you ,

" Tomo rrow we

and has t e to

f o rm a j unc t i on wi th the c omm and er-in-chi ef . Si gned-Hen ry Joy McCracken , The f i r s t y e ar of l i b e r ty t 6 t r l June 1 7 9 8 " .

M ' Grac ken

rai s ed th e f l ag on top of Roughfo r t mot t e early on

and Hope

June 7 and after hear ing the news that Bantry Bay ,

a French fl e e t was

the n(� i e;hbourhood ral l i e d to

the c aus e .

The

s t and ing by off

army ID " rched to

Temp l ep� tr ink wh ere they w e r e j o ined by a no th e r l arge f o r c e wi th a c ann on .

been o n e o f

Th e c an n on had prev i ou s l y b e l ongl:.., d

the Bl ue

to

a pair of two b r as s Ba t a l l i o n o f

s i x-p ound ers whi ch had

th e Be l f u.s\, Vo l unt e e r s and had b e en

"k ept b a ck " on the i r d i s armament and b u r i e d b en e ath th e f l o o r o f rr em plep c t r ic k B e e t i ng Hous e .

A l a ter p o e m d e s c r i b e s the s c en e s o f pr eparat i on tha t mo rning :

On Crai garo gan ' s Fo r t Th ey were m u s t e r e d i n good s o r t ,

Vhi l e the gre en ,9.1ld the go l d above the bus h e s shone ; And by T emp l ep atri ck ' s

erave

r·� et five hund red l ad s as brave

','y i t h a c annon an d gig b G for e them drawn o On th e r o ad

An tr im th e Un i t edmen were r e i n fo r c e d by c o nt ingents from

to

K i l l e ad and Mu ckam o r e and to

be

re c k on e d

an

was

a

short one mainly b e c au s e

Hope l e ad the Roughfo r t men into

Engl i s h d r ag o o n s r e t r e at ed and h ere the gr e at e s t mudd l e of the

t o ok p l ac e vl'h en t h e Uni t edmen wh o had t aken Rand al s town and were ad v Rnc ing

wi thout l ead ers t o Antrim ,

---

l e c d ers , o r

al mo s t h o p e l e s s po s i t i o n .

a c t i o n end the

an

the Uni t edm en ' s

of t h em , h ad d e s e r t e d arl!� l eft a r e C. son .;;.bl y we l l- e quipt army in

Th e day began wel l f o r the Uni t edmen .

d ay

a fore .

w i th .

Th e b attl e at l e ast many

by the time they r e ached Antrim t o wn , they were

ajvanc ing army

and

they mi s t o ok th e r e t r e ating }�gl i s h d r agoons

having no- o n e to c o mm and them ,

t h e y fl ed .

As i f thi s was not a bi tter enough b l ow fo r th e . in sur gen t s from t h e -

' , -

- . -' �

r-o

• .

� r _ J "'-' '- oO ... h

kr

l-'C ...

for

S;'.-'tn IJ s.. J... � v-\'Y\. t/ W � �

� l I E )1:\TTLE OF A }; T R I :.l ,-TllE J :-i S1: RG E:\TS nOLm�G TH E CllURCllY A U D • ....

-.. _ -----

Above , .� holding

--- - --- -�-

_: ....

s cene from the Batt�: of Antrim showing the

the Pari sh Churchyard ;

�n the

insurg nts

background ' is th e Town

Hall .

./

I

of

Y'

tt\ e

'.

/

Above :

Roughfort Mot t e- s c ene of Unitedmen ' s as s embly b efor e the B dLtl, �� ��t� -----�

':5.,.,-a�

s c en e from B e l fa s t and Carr i ckfergus and J./ ' Cracken ' s fo r c � r e t r eat ed Don ego r e ,

and eventually d e c i d e d t o b r e ak

n e ar Parkgat e ,

Th e

c an n on

to

up o

supp l i 8 d by the Templ e p at r i ck men , al th o ugh only fi red twi c e

w i t h o ut much '3 ffec t an d I Clt er

for

d e arly b y the v i l l age rs ;

s ma s h ed b y a c aval ary

c h a rg e ,

was paid f o r

a r e turning Engl i sh r egiment b u rn e d the vi l l age

t o the : :r ound VIi th th e e � c e p t i o n of th e hous e of a wi d o w wh o h ad g i v en th em

m i l k earl i er on in th e d ay o After go ing into hiding for s ome tim e , M ' Crac k en and mo s t o f th e l e ad ers of th e Un i t e d I rishmen were eV 811tual l y c ap tu r e d and han&ed . However , Hop e , known aff ec ti onat ely on

to

th e dis t r i c t as

in

8 0u te rrain n e ar Hy d e p e rk

ther e

he ad s t on e is

was never c ,aught and l ived

o l d age . Trad i t i on in the d i s t r i c t has it t h at

a ripe

on t h e

" Hone s t J emmy H

vi l l age and VI as fed by

of his gr av e

in

a

he hid

in a

trained I r i sh W o l fh ound .

th e O l d Buryin&' Ground . at .'i al l u s k

Certainly

( Mo lusk ) ,

I r i sh ' / o l fhound r eproduc ed .

an

OP I N I ONS BEG I N TO 8HAHGE Vlhen the r e p e rcus s ions of the Bat t l e of Antrim b e c ame l e s s no i s ey and general

cond i t i ons for th e t enantrY , had

o p i n i o n s b e gan

to

b e c ome a l i t t l e b e t t er ,

s hi ft th e o ther Viay- t o w a r d s

supporting

th e

p o l i t i c al

uni on wi th

Bri tain- and the Orange Ord er , whi c h in 1 7 9 5 h z' d met in s e c r et on the s l op e s of C arnmoney Hill now b eg an to fl our i sh in the Legis l at ive Uni on with Great Bri t ain

in 1800

\',

ar e a .

Ev e n the B i l l fo r

on c on s id erabl e support in the

d i stric t o In the Famine y e ar s of the l at e 40 ' s , al though the Templ ep atri ck d i strict w :.. s

a l i t t l e b e t ter o f f tl:a. n many other p arts o f I r e l and ,

di s e as e and emmigrat i on al l t oo)\: th eir t o l l of the p opul at i o n .

and hunge r ,

had it s Rel ieving Offi c e r a t thi 3 t ime DJld t h e Wo rkhous e in

T e mpl epat r i c k

Ant r i m was

ti m e s were v e ry hard

a l w ay s

ful l .

Rev .

Al exand er I rvi n e ,

i n h i s b o ol

t

If _.!y Lady o f the

Chimney Corner " c aptur e s t h e t r attedy and d i s t r e s s of th e are a during t h o s e l e an t ime s .

Al though th�

Famine years forced many of t h e former Uni t ed Iri shmen in

t o emmigrat e ,

the district

thej.r

m em o ry ha '

b r ed i n th e

di s tri c t

a hardy ,:-

s tock who we re c l ear- t h inkers and s t aunch supporters of any caus e they b e l i eved in .

The l : t t e r s t at ement i s

Temp l e p atri ck

d i s t r i c t who

evi u en c ed by s e r v ed

the l ar g e nU.Inb �l' of

men from

the

in th e Cri m s a , I nd i an , Bo er and the two

W or l d Vl ars "

c(/J/:) ,,",_ l--

Another trai t of the d i s tri c t wh i ch s t ems from tl1 , ' effe c t s o f the t 98 WO u. �pl .. � ..f-t � n. � r; ? Anr � 1L-I. l r-£ s o a- O Nl.O f\...\� � � or f>��t( � r _

�

I

'

_

fi b'1Jr e s e ')ms to ri s e in the d i s t r i c t .

( 51 )

Th-) Biggar f am i l y who ar e buri ed in

l.:al l u s k Bury ing (i. rolU1d provi de exc e l l en t exampl es o f t h i s ; brothers ,

Fr 8Jlc i s Jos eph ,

a

for one of the

Big-ear

s taunch nation a l i s t and s t r i c t P r e s byt e r i an , b e c am e

o n e of t h e mo s t famous of Irish H i s t o r i an s . H e d i ed a t t h e b eginn ing of thms c entury . ��

l though i t i s more d i ffi cul t to d r aw a general trend in the fol l owin e c as e ,

tb e poor rel a t i ons betweon the Presbyt e ri an Chnrch and the Chu rc h of I r el cnd in

th� d i s t r i ct

was

no doub t infl uen c ed in s ome '{lay by the Up r i s in g .

too' i s t h e fac t that

More surp r i s ing

the few C atho l i c fami l i e s in the are a are treat ed wi th

resp e c t by a er at bulk of th e pr edominantly Presbyte r i an popul at i o n .

THE P ':.NDULUH SW I I�GS 'fHE OTHJ�H W ·.Y

By th e

beginning of the

20th c ent�y ,

the p endulum o f p o l i t i c al opini on had

s vrung away f rom ant i-uni oni sm to a genu ine d e s i r e t o s t ay a p ar t of th e t� n

imp ortant Br i t i s h �p ir e .

During t he "TRoub l e s " from 1 9 1 0 to 1 9 2 3 the maj o r i ty

of the p e o p l e suppo rt ed the Uni oni s t s and the 1 9 1 6 Cov enant Par ad e to the Bal moral

Sh owground s was l ed by

a ':R:empl ep iJ t r i c k m an ,

Mr 0

D av i d B i l l ,

of Bal lymartin o

In 1 9 31 an evel1t whi ch focused the at t en t i on of the wo rld on 'rempl ep at ri c k o c curred when an att empt w a s made t o b l ow up -the bri dge on t h e rai 1 wc y l i n e o i e r the Bri dge End Ro ad and d er ai l a spec i al and

taain c arrying ab o ut

3 , 000 pol i c emen

' B ' Sp e c i al s to Derry from Belfast , where they h ad b e en forming a guard af

hon our for the vi s i t of King G eorge VI and Queen ��l i z ab etfr .

Th e at temp t was fo i l ed b y the

a

l5-y e ar-o ld Il' emplepat r i ck boy who spot t ed

exp l o s iv e s shortly before th e t r ain was due and mana�ed t o inform the l oc al

p o l i c e in tiITiC . Had the train b e en derai l ed it would have plilllged d own a 3D-foot

high emb ankm e n t and c o u l d h ave c aus ed one o f the wo rst r a i l d i s as t ers in h i s t o ry o Th e boy who found the exp l o s ives was l ater awarded for h i s bravery o

For tunes in the area h�ve var ie d s in c e the �epre s s i on day s of the at the pre s ent ti me ,

the ar ea h as h i t a peri od of bett er t im e s wi th ful l

emp l oym ent and ind e�d a hihger s t andard of l ivi ng al J round o

------OOOO�Ooooooooo------

30 ' s and

A

::J UltV �y 0 " rrHE IN DU ;:;TRIAL AND SOC I AL

D�'V tLOPL ENT WHICH HA

'

�rAKEN PIA CE IN 'I1HI ... AREA

1i k': mcJl1,Y part;:> of I r e L .nd , ind e ed the Bri t i sh I sl e s .

the Tcmplepl. t r ick

ar ea h aG fel t the ,� ff':: c t s of the d e c l ine in the traditi onal inJ s t r i e s

,

esp e c i ally

th o s e c onn e c t ! d v; i th l in en , D.lld ar e t rying hard to ad j u s t thems elv e s to s ome o f the n ew C"ov -� rnment-s ubsi d i s ed ind u s tr i e s v;b i ch

lave b e en

s et up

b o th i n :.., i d c and around the area.

W i th mo erni s <.:-t ';. on

on

me c h ·.ni s ation t h 0 uem.:nc1

d e c reased

cm

and

mi l l work,3rs have been lost

sma l l

f o r c r c.ft smen has

many o f the skills of mell l ike bl acl< smi ths , thatch ers , wo odwork e r s

effi c i ent fac t o r i e s .

I f , howc.:ver ,

Llnong the c ompl ex ffi i::.c hines of l arge , h i ghly

mi ny coun try sk i l l s h ave dis appe ared ,

so too

hu-v,- th � I onv' ho ur' s of b ackb reaking vlod

''''hich fil l ed the wo rki l � man ' s l i fe

fi fty y e ;j,r s a.r;o and pe o l e

l e i s ur e tim e .

Ro ' d s ,

far

as

th

hav e

n0W more

t r 3n s port lll1 d hous ing have al s o improvt!d ov e r t e y e ar s an d s o v.....

l Q t t ·� r is

c on c e rned cond i t i ons have improved c on s i d e rably and

more improv emen t s J.. r e on the way , a m i n o r revol u t i on

even

wh i l e r o ads and road surfac es have undergone

in th e l as t d e c ad e .

FORII': ER

\�

I N D USTRI ';;S CONN !';C'l'ED · .;/ ITH LIN .�N

Tr a d i t i onal ly the ar e a was an imp o r t ant fl ax-growing one

li nt dams

( or

r ett in g

dams )

d o t ted ov er the c ount ry s i d e shows ,

as the nume r ous

,

s o i t was

n o t surpni s ing that indus t ri e s cQnnected wi th l in en shoul d spring up .

In th e e ar ly 1 9 th c ent u�J ,

sp inning wh eel s were p r e s en t in m o s t hous es

in th e Temp l ep at r ick di s tri c t and the money rec � ived from the brown l i n en thre a d p ro vid e d a us e ful

'rh ere are al s o many

s c ourc e of add i t i onal in c om e for many f am i l i e s . wat e r-pow �red s cut ch-mi l l s

in

the c o unt ryside-I

kn ow of a J l e 'l s t s even- whj. ch mad e t h e f i n � s ?p arat i on of t h e fibre from the u s e l e s s p art of th e fl ax p l ant .

P r evi ous ly the fl ax had b e en retted in

l int dams and d r i e d .

One of the mo st int e r e s t ing of th e s e s cutch mil ls was at J.tri l l b ank , which t r ied t o ad apt it s e l f to changing demands wit hout suc c e s s .

Carnane e ,

Originally

.the

s cutch m i l l h ad empl oyed about a do z e n workers and when the d emand for l inen l es s ened aft er World W ar l it b e c am e a knitt ing fac torY- e+ branch of

firm in Be 1 f ast o whi ch sp e c i al i s ed in

s o cks ,

a l arger

pul l overs and s c arve s .

The mi l l p a i d i t s way un t i l the depr e s s i on ye ars of the 1 9 30 ' s wh en for ec onomi c but

reasons it was

fo r c e d t o cl o s e .

th e l ong mi l l-rac e and th e mill pond ,

It has s inc e fal l en in L o ruin ,

b e l on ging to the or i ginal s cut ch

mi l l s t il l remuins .

At Roughfo rt ,

about the middl e of

th e 1 9 th c entury , a bl e achwo rk s we.s

bui l t an d this c arri ed on wo rk until a few y e ars aeo when the tren� to w� rds the new 2.ll

]e s s expens ive synthet i c fib r e s proved t oo much c omp e t it ion .

THE BLEitCHING PROC ESS Her e i s an a c c ount of the bl e aching proc e s s which was writt en by a former b eachworks empl oyee :

"Linen threa d i s a 1 i eht brof!m c o l our . '�hen it c omes in work s i t is ther

is brO\TI1 .

�

i n the

r e c eived

b r m·m s t ore ,

web s

to th e bl e ach

so c al l ed b e c aus e a l l

l in en stored

Here e ach Iveb is weighed as i t is b l e :l ch ed i n 2 ton l o t s at

t im e . Eve ry web i s marked with i n d e l i b l e i nk at b o th en s giv i ng numb e r , d at e s t art ing of bl e n ching proc e s s ,

are

t on l ot has b e en prepared ,

2

l o t numb er . When a

- end

s ewn together

u...

L

rt"\.()..,\

Thi s

is

wi d th ,

a�rvv.:> �

to remove

l L')

we ight of web ?l1d

we i gh e d al1.d

. arked al l

the web s

the l im e s i mi l ar to that us ed

a l ime m i xture ,

the t al l ow dre s s ing

us ed by weav e r s

prev i ously to m � e the thread sl ipp e ry and eas ily h£;ndl ed . �

cus t omers

to end .

The linen i s then b o i l ed in by farme rs .

l ength ,

a

�v-..r... a1.. �

•

•

f2r.

.. /""\ 1 I�rJ. -"A

../\.h

�

.

, . �,

1,0 . -I-b..

and spinners

It i s very e s s e :1t i� . ('.l.. h_ l A () J ' J-.A � �

( 51 ) wat e rpro of s he e t and bl eaching l i quids c oul d n o t p ene trate it .

Aft er be ing

b o i l ed i n. l im e for ab o u t 1 2 hours it is washed in wat er and run through in

Sour i s made from hydr o chl o r i c ac i d and water at ab out

s o ur .

Sulphuri c ac id c oul d b e us ed but

3

twad el l strength .

it i s more exp en s ive then hydro chl oric ac id .

Aga i n t h e l in en i s thoroughly washed

so that no t rac e of s our remain s .

I t i s then b o i l ed in a s o l ut i on of s o d a ash and s o ap fl ak e s fo r about a further 1 2 ho u r s t o prepare it c l oth is b o i l ed is The pr o c e s s

to b e made whit e .

( p r o n oill1 c ed

c al l ed lye

This s o lut i on in whi ch the

l ee )

of whi t ening the c l oth i s c al l ed by bl e[�ch wo rk s P_s

"d ipping " .

Aft er th e l inen i s b o i l ed i t i s washed free of lye and run into a bl eaching machine c al l ed p i l ers .

The c l o th i s d r awn through z inc p i p e s by re e l s thr ough

whi ch a chl orine l i quid i s pump ed and The s e p i p e s they

s o forcine; the l in en through the pip es .

are pl ac ed about 20 feet high over high l eak proof concrete tallie s

"bed " th e c l oth in pil e s in th e s e t r.nks . In the b r mm s to r e a red thread

cal l ed t h e t e s t thr e ad should b e s ewn at the end of e ach 2 t o n l o t . c al l ed the t e s t thr e ad a s i t

is

Thi s i s

from t h e c o l our of thi s thread during the

p i l i ng p.'oc e s s that the fo reman b l e acher as c ert ains how much c hl o rin e t r e atm ent th . l inen can s t and . is

When th e ble acher is

s at i s fi ed tha t the linen

suff i c i ently whi t e it i s at onc e washed in water b e c aus e if the chl ori ne

is not c l e ared f rom the materi al it woul d b e c om e tend er and take on a s emi-rot t en s t at e .

A�ain it is s oured and washed free of the acid . From the time the c l o th en tered the l im e bo i l i ng vat i t h as been in a rope form . washing it i s rlL"l1 through a mangl e over bring th e l i n en out

Aft er thi s l ast

"hi ch there are spread ers .

to i t ' s origin al wi dth .

It

Th es e

:i;s n ow re ady for s t arc hing

and b l ue ing .

I t i s blued through

a hugh mangl e

t

s t arch and b l ue b eing mixed .

Then it

i s dried on a drying mac h i n e previ ous to be ing finished by b e ing b e etled or c al l en d ared . a nic e

Linens l ike d amask are both b e e t1 8d and cal l endared to give

fi ni sh . "

De tai l s of the machingry used in th e s e p ro c e s s es ar e shown overl e af .

THE OLD LIME ; : I LN S IN TEMPLZPATRI CK VILLAGE Very l i t t l e informat i on ab out th e old Lime Kilns and the n e ighbour ing

quar ry i s avail abl e s in c e b o th c l o s ed d own mo r e than 70 years ago . Howev,-�r , j udgi ng by the s i z e of th e k i l n s th ems elv�, s , a fi arly

1 ry rge

s c al e and s erv ed q ui t e r'

i t must h ave b e en nork ed on

l a.rge ar e a .

Chalk fo r the Kilns

f or c ed operat i ons t o c - as e .

The chal k w a s t ak en f r om the quarry , roasted in the

Kiln s and then s ol d to l e c al farmers a.s

"

b u rn t l ime " for t h e i r fi e l d s .

BAUX I TE ,: INING AT LYLES H I LL Al though t h e s e mine s only opened in b r i e f h i s t ory t h ey provided s ome c ontri b u t i on

to the war e f f o t t

500 , 000

1939 and shut

194 3 in th eir

down in

ton s of aluminium and mad e a v aluabl e

at a t ime when Bri tis h suppl i e s of al um i n i um

from Franc e and e l s ewhere had b e en cut o ff .

The und ert aking i t s el f was an expens ive one .

At t h e b eginnin g , the are a

h ad to b e c l eared of t r e e s an d a r 0 2 dw ay into it con s truc t e d . d one by

d i ggin& l arge tunn el s

mountain ; then

t ran sport ing th e ' o r e in b ogi e s

to the l ead ing b ay , and tipping it int o l o r r i e s whi ch

from the tunn el f a c e

t ook it

into th e

The mining was

to th e r ai l way s t at i on at Templ epc: tric k .

H ere ,

a s p e c i al

s i d ing had

b e en c ons truc t ed for the o r e trucks whi ch took thE' b amd te to L arn e Harbour f rom whe r e i t was eventual ly shipp e d to mu L and .

In the fac e of such tran sp o rt

p r o b l ems i t w as n o t surpri s ing thE,t min ing act ivi t i e s c C\ as (� (.: b e fo r e th e war end ed .

However at the hei ght of minine ac t i v i t i e s at Lyl e s Hi ll

about

350 �men

were empl o;y ed and th e government- sp ons e r ed c omp any ovmed or hi r ed s om e

hors es an d 8

l o rri e s and produc ed about 200

t ons of o r e per d ay .

6

�I in e r s were

p aid the then hand some s um o f three pound s p er w e ek .

�!. I SC ":;LLAN ��OUS INDUS I'RI SS The s c u t ch and c orn mil l at C l o ughanduff , s inc e c e as ed i t s former fun c t i o n ,

owned by �� .

T . Bill , had l ong

but was s t i l l u s ed by some o f the l oc al

farme rs as a s cour c e of brui s e d oat s for animal fe eding , unt i l the new road from Templ epatrick to Bal l yc l are cut off the wat er supply t o the mill d am ab out two y e ar s aeo .

Formerly ,

the r e were two b l acksmiths in the

are a , at Temp l epatri ck and

Parkgat e , b ut wi th the advent o f the trac tor b o th were forc e d to m; k ing of gat e s

and

other forms of iron-work ,

the

and the smithy in Templ ep t r i c k

c l o s ed on th e d e ath o f t h e bl acksmi th s ome five y e ars ago .

s 8dd l er at Roughfort ,

turn to

but m emori e s of that chers ,

The r "

was al so

a

wo odwork ers et c o t have � ong ....

s inc e fad ed away o

A more r e c ent indu s t ry whi c h was forc ed by econ �mic r e as ons to c l o s e d o ;m W � s the Redi-Mix c ement firm a t M al lu s k whi ch clo s ed around �Jas t e r It was s e t up in

1960

1965 0

emp l oy e d five work e r s and the smal l s ton e s and s tone

dus t was s upp l i ed by the nearby Mal l u s k Quarri e s ,

whi ch has b e c ome one of

.. ' :

.

.

:J .,

chlo"ine

Ab ove :

Vu t in

...hich l i n .Jrl.. i s

boil a.i . . Size- diameter 9 ft . ,

.Above. : Pili!\; aa'1.t �ipas ;

3,

zin�

tanl:

o .

K-,y- 1 , r e e l s ; 2 . c�lo�n E:

r-

r r-

,...

f-

1"\ 2ft

0

ffiucl:ine .

C l y inJ.{;rs [;..r :;;

:... bove :

f-

r-

l-

.'

.

.

''

.J

Bll... .... itlg �d

c.i",o. ter a:.d 6ft. 1 ons. heD. ted

by steem pipes ( blu3 lin3s ) .

r.-

lt- 0I- ...I- L-I- '-

f-

Dryin,

";l".ft " . o f . h � "vy. be",cl;-'::ood L l u e & oS Larch

in tar.k .

SO:.�E OF TC!!> BL.-:ACHING PROCESSES

)

tanhs ; 4 , pucp.

ddpth 12 :t o

Above :

.,

fall on clo"t�1 O.Jll , ath.

:i

Above : Th e Old M o n s e a

llight :

Ki rkhi l l ,

TE:mp l o p a t r i c k �.1c (� t inG House

C l oughandur

1

I

>� -.

-�--

-

_._._-,..:::.

---�

_. :--: ;. -

-

----==-

-

:---;: . ;i-d--;,.

--

-- -

/ THE Qra L,HE kl l ,H. . ..

-

..

... '

A ,.

�N PLEf�R' C /(".

" :IJ"

Photographs of the Lyles Hill area

( above ) before mining operations

and ( below ) after war-time mining had taken plac e .

---

J

-�

Til � �j TA �LI iH JD I � D U S TRI �G� The Spade Fa c t o ry .

Around the turn of t h i s c e n t ur y , the P at t o r s on fam i ly who h av e

s p a d e making , d e c i d e d to mov e f r o m the i r home i n C o al i s l and ,

t r ad i t i on in Co .

Ty rone ,

and s et up a w at e r- po we r e d s p ad e fac t o ry at upp e r T empl epa t r i c k .

the Y 8 ar s , th ey have bui l � up the f a c t ory into one of the b e s t - e s t abl i shed

Over

indus tri es of i t s kind in I r e l and ,

and

al l t h i s in th e f ac e of s evere ec onomi c

p r e s s u r e wh i c h fo rc ed d o z en s of fac lb o ri e s

A v i c it to

the factory ,

of

a

s imi l ar natmre t o c l o s e down .

w o rked �y the two ! att ers on b ro t h e r s

l e s s on in c raft smansh ip and dext e r i tY 9

150

whi c h produc e s OV 8 r

r,i o s t of thes e are for the No r th ern I r e l ahd mark et only , as the on c o m o d i t i e s a

a l ong

,

is

s p ad e s

,50%

a

e ach

w e ek .

s urcharge

kind en t er ing the I r i sh Repub l i c d i s c ourages t r ad e t o

o f thi s

l aree extent .

Th e b i r t h

hammer ,

of

a s p ad e

p owered by

a

is

a fas c i n at ing

one o The fiv e hundr e dwe ight t i l t ­

water turbine ( pi c tu r ed

ov erl e af ) ,

b eat s

out t he oblong

s l ab of red-hot s t e e l int o the rough s h ap e of a s pad e . It is th en v h ap ed on

a

s mal l anvi l . fter the b l ad e has b e en sheared to t h e d e s i r ed d em en s i on s , the t endons ar e

cut out and the rivet h o l e s punched . The p o i n t s of th e s t r ap s s e p arate when

t�': ,_ end - i s c l ipp e d o ff and the s o c k e t fo r the shaft is shap e d on aft er

a

mand r e l

and

the spade has b e en r e - h s a t e d , i t i s giv en i t s c or r e c t l i ft and t emp ered o The

riveted

ash hanJ l e

on .

i s t h e n i n s erted and r ive t e d and l as t l y the foot-pl at e s ar e

The sp ad e

S t e e l i s suppl i ed

i s now

r e ady

for us e o

from t� ·� S o u '�h W al e s ar �3 a an d mo s t o f the ash wood ,

whi ch is turned a. t the fac t o ry i t s e l f , c om e s f r o m th e �nni s k i l l en ar e a .

Th e i n tr od u c t i o n

o f el e c tr i c weld ine , oxy-ac e tyl ene

l athes has s t r e am l i n e d p r o d. uc t i o n ,

\

e l d i n g and el ec t r i c

b u t even s o demand s t i l l outwei gh s th e

s upp ly and al tho u gh the Pat t e r s on s t o l d me t hat they w e r e fi nd i n g some d i ffi cu l t y

i n get ting appr e n t i c e s , the s mt uat i o n wi l l c ont inue It

for s o rn

time y8t

to

i s e s timated t h a t the r e ar e

w o u l d sugge s t that the s p ad e fac t o ry

provi d e s p ad e s f o r Northern I r e l and . mo r e the 1

i n I r e l an d and some o f thes e are given on the

two hund r ed d i ffer e n t s p ad e typ e s m ap

o v e r l e af o

TH2 I· :USHROOM FARM AT GARNANEE

ll i t h a d ai ly output of abo u t 800 I b s o of mushr o oms whi ch ri s e s to ove r 2 5 00 I b s o i n t h e wi n t e r s e as on , the Mus hr o om Farm of Rex Produ c t s Ltd . , has for many years b een very i mp o r t an t to the ec onomy o f the o rthern I r el and

are un ski l l ed .

as a who l e o

The fi rm emp l oy s

area and i n d e e d

ab o u t ,2 5 I,"! ork ers ,

mo s t o f

whi ch

� . p{tJ� ;!dLaMw

f��

cfrolM- tf;u;u

I � � F�c� ,{AJ Wvc-&' p D � �

pP>A ��

1 ------

� ,/

� .

l

/ // /7/7--

\

.

,

. ,

I

I 1:'1 L.lI

'

.

1----

Ll a

Yt1 efai b�/�) d &r � � i

/

/ - --- ..-

' I

, -=m

'----- - ---

.

-�� / . ;.-- ��

.

-

\

- .

/

I

I

I

I

I

I

/

I

I

/'

r /

- -

I

.

-

/ / ,/ ,-' �--�.�� •

-LLL \

____

I

�

Vl.-{

( 61 )

About 95:-£

of

6� )

the mushrooms prodac ed go to the big market s i '

f o r d i s t ri b u t i on to the indu strial of th e � .

a l t h o u gh

rt o f

i s mo ' e

t h e firm to

c o n s i d e r at i on )

c on c ent r at ed

the mus h r oom s by p l an e

thei r c o n d i t i o n

c onsequent ly

Ca

mo s t

mu c h b e t t e r .

is

Al thou6h mushrooms ar e grown i s usual ly

s e nd

b e en

m o an s t h at l e s s t ime i s t ak en for t e

exp en s i v e ,

go o d s to r e ac h t h e j y de s tinati on and i mp o r t " n t

London market and whi l e mo st

b askets ar e s e n t by sh ip to Brit ain , th e r e has

lb or 3 lb ,

a growine t end ency on the p wh i c h

ar eas and the

England

in t o .

the

at the w in t e

farm al l

year

the

r months when

p ri c e s

round ,

p eak p ro duc t i on

and demands a r e

highe s t .

l.�u s h r ooms ar e

grown

in 3 f e e t by 5 f e e t

boxes s t acked about five or s ix

of approximat ely 7000 s quar e feet floor s p ac e . T h e r e are

h i gh in l ong s h e d s

o f the s e ut Templ epatrick o

four

o b t ained from th e l o c al s t abl e s ,

an u re ,

Ho r s e

s ev e r a l t i me s and has s uch

up t o

an

ingredient s

which i s turned and w at ere d

as gyp sum and dri ed bl o o d add ed ,

amaz ing t e mp e r a t u re , and af t e r havin6 b e el

p ut i n t o th e

and c o v 8 r � d w i th p e at m o s s ,

boxes/provides

the

keep

th e wh eat grains s ix

weeks

d own s ome of the d i s eas e s

wh i c h c tim t ain

s team engin�

which can w i p e out a whol e c rop ,

timy mushroom s p awn

the

a

ar e

s o wn o

Aft Gr ab out

mu s hro om s c ome up and from each s quare foot ro ugh l y thr e p ound s

th e

of mushrooms

s p awning

ide al nouri shment and c ond it i ons for mushrooms t o grow .

When the gro wine; shed has been s atur at ed with steam from whi ch h e lp s to

h e at s

c an b e eathered over the p i cking

c oul d b e p i c ked ,

but the r i s k of d i s e as e i s t o o ereat .

After they h av e b �3 en to wh ether they

p ick�d ,

the mus hrooms ar e p u t into boxes ac cording

op en o r unopen ,

are

m ixture o f hor s e

p crio0 . Prpbab ly mor e than thi u

manure and p e at

weighed and s ent o ff to

mo s s

is

the na rk e t .

The

us ed by the Northern I r e l a nd Fore s try

De par tment in th e i r nu r s ery at Muc k amore ,

s o ov e r h e a d s

ar e k ep t t o a

minimum . itS

well

fwrm d evo t e s

as

the l�iushroom f a r m ,

there i s

a ·) Qut

" two .....

G,c: r e a

to mark e t gar d e ning and s edd early be6e tabl es

O.L.

l and wh:ic h

for exampl e ,

the

l et t uc e ,

t o the Bel fas t and the l o c al marke t .

MALLlJ SK �UARRI ES The

M al l u s k

n e ar Hydep ark

Quarr i e s with

empl oying about 50 wo rk t3 r s is The

Birm began

about 300 ton s p e r

work ann um

and mod ::I rn i s at i on is

no

a total aHfl-lifrl one

output of 1 2-1 300 t OllS �nd

of Templ epatri ok ' s mos t us eful

in the quarry

n e ar Hyd ep ark

in

indus tri es ,

1958 prodmcing

and employing 14 men and by progr e s s iv e man ag ement O ll ,=

of the f ormrno s t

in the

Countv . SUTIul vinll' such

Above : The

Right :

Templ cpatr i c k A e e t ine Hous e

,, - --

1.

lp �

im p o r t an t r o ot ) ,

as the M i c h e l in Fa c t ory ,

n e w proj ec t s

( Kil-

Dal lyl umford P o w e r Stat i on and many o f the new r o adway s , wi t h s t ones .

At the p r e s e n t t im8 the qu ar ry fac e d e ep ,

C ar r e a s , I . C . I .

C ourt alds ,

is

over 300 fe8t w i d e and 68

but thi s wi l l b e ext e nd ed in the fu t u r e .

A fl e et

fe�t

o f twenty l o r r i e s feed

the t wo giant s ton e c ru s h e r s and another twenty t ake the s t on e s t o t h e i r d e s t inat i on .

Fi fteen a c r e s

of l and h as b e en bought by the quarry o wn e r s for future

d ev e l opment and mao ng the mo d e r n mac h in ery wh i c h i s

to b e pur c h as e d i s another

s t on e c rush er and m echani c al d i gg e r s . o f var i ous kinds .

Th ere

is a t r em endous v ar i e t y o f s tone mat er i al prodmc ed i n the quarry .

'fhe r ange i s

It 1/8

as fo l l ows : - 4-6 inch spal d s ;

inch s t on e s ;

i

i nch s c r eenings ;

inch s c r e enings ;

2-4

inch spal d s :

2-1t

inch s t one s ;

inch s c r e enings ; i i n ch s c r e enings ;

3/8

quarry dus t .

PR�I,: I X C BMSNT WORK S AT HYD �P ARK .

Such proj e c t s

as the N o r th Ap p ro ac h Road and I . C . l

( Ki l r o o t )

suppl i ed

are

wi th a st eady f l o w of p r e-m ixed c em en t by t h e thi rty l o rri e s b e l onging t o the Hyd ep ark Branch o f the Pr e -M i x organi s � t i on whi ch was s e t up i n the ar e a in

1 9 6 0 and emp l oy s about s i xty men o Th e c ement i s mixed at Hydepark in a hug e t ank wh i c h i s fed by a hopp er c ombin in� c ement

and

It

ad d e d thr ough a m e t e r .

i n c h s tones in

a pre-d t erm ined rat i o an d wat er

is

Th i s mixtur e i s t h e n pumped straight i n t o l o rri e s wh i ch

are f i t t e d wi th r ev i l v ing c ont ain er s ,

a l l owing the c ement

Pro duc t i on over the f i v e y e ar s has

to be mixed enroute o

increased about ei ght- fo ld and i t

i s the inten t i on of the f i rm to build up s t e ad i ly o v e r th'3 next few y e ans .

U l S t - ELLAN 1t;OUS

11 DU::)'L1RI !ES .f.ND SCOURC 1�S 0

�.:MP10Y1'T1 ;1JT .

I

Th e experimental f arm of B r i t i s h Oi l

and

s et up ne ar the vi l l age o f Temp l epatrick is

p er forman c e s an d p erformin� exp e riments h i gher egg and b ac on pro duc tion .

Cake M i l l s Ltd . ,

whi c h h as b e en

i nv e s t i gat ing p o ul t ry and p i g

to s ee what c o nd i t i o n s s t imul ate

Al though

it was s e t u p o n l y th r e e y e ars ago ,

al r e ady s om e valuab l e d at a ab out th e s � an imal � has . b e e� _ o b t ain ed and l oc al in t er e s t shown o

Th e furm o c c up i e s

The Templ epe t r i c k Rid ing Sc h o o l

ab o u t five ac r e s

owned b y ",1r .

An trim and Bal lycl are .

'; 0 Swann t h a s

ther indus tri '� s

lot of

n ear the 6range Hal l o

at Cl ough anduff has grown i n p o pul ari t y

over the y e ar s and the s t ab l e s h av e ab o u t thirty ho r s e s f o r pup i l s from Be l fas t ,

a

a bran c h i n

rulQ poni es , c at e r ing

Th e Ri ding Scho ol , whi ch i s

on e gal o

of a m o r e indi vi ual nature i n c lude the m a k in g o f art i fi c i al

fl i e s fo r fi shing by lIr o

H . Wi l s on , Temp l r:patrick , and the l o cal c arnenter

. -

� 'dtoa- � .&w � w.A CL/!o...te.& , �J d�cjJ2D-J� I

�

I

, iiii���------���.-l.:J;e.- � I

Let:

Cf24, .rt.e<. / N � "

� �'� '� ;I�

��

(2,�

/�

O� �. .� J&Yv�

.yYkAe..r.

-

-

J

¥.

a-.

,If>� ab::v..t J�­

, � _&� �� �

Mr o

T . Mc Kn i ght ,

oth e r ob j e c ts

to

w

h o s p e c i al i s e s mazhnly in m ak i ng

oors ,

t r ai l e r bodi e s and

supply a l o c al d emand o

SOC I AL DEV ELOPMENT� TRArSPORT .

In th e e arly

18th

c en.y wh eel ed vehi c l e s w e r e few and m o s tl,Y

were u s e d by th e farmers t o t r � n s p o r t their p rod u c e t o the Templ ep a t r i c k was -Gl

e n a r"

s l d. d e c ar t s

B e l f a s t market .

s erve d by two c o ac h e s- the Be l fas t-Bal lym en a

an d

the Bel fas t

b o th of whi c h ran at r o u gh ly w e e k l y int erval s .

I n 1 84 5 a Bi l l

"for the making o f a Rai lway fr o m Be fas t t o Bal lymenn

in the C ounty of Antrim with branches to Car r i c k fergus and Rand al s t own ,t was in t roduc ed into P a r l i am en t and i n 1 846 Lo rd Uas s er ene turned the firs t s o d of the new pro j ec t at Whi t ehous e .

I n the Templ epat r i c k

ar e a wh ere

it

ran through the C as t l e

the p r o p o s e d l ine w a s opp o s e d by Lord Templ eton and Henry Up t on , that such an und ertaking would t ake part of their e s t at e away . s e t tl ement

was

the ir l an d s g.

r e ach e d and £5 00

and

was

Upton E s t at e ,

who maint ained

However ,

a

paid t o the s e two a0 c omp en s at i on � r

the l ine was opened in 1 84 9 i n t h e S p ri n G .

By Autumn the

Be l fas t-Bal l ymena Rai l way C omp any h ad wr e s t ed the mai l c ont r ac t from the

c o ach l in e s and the par i s h e s The

were brought

much c l o s e r in time to

elfas t .

t raffi c on the l in e inc reas ed and at Temp i epat r ick liai lway s t at i on

in 1 84 8 two t r ains each way

s t o pp e d

and thi s had c l imb ed to fourt e en by

1925 0

The d e p r e s s i o n y e ar s of th e 30 ' s cut thi s n3UDber t o one t rain in each di rec t i on

and aft e r World ':J ar 1 1 had givcm the r a i l ways a. new l eas e o f l i fe thi s nwnb er bui l t up again o

B e c au s e of e c onduni c r e ,� s on s the Rail way S t at ion in Ternpl e p a t l' i c k was c l o s ed i n 1 9 54 but it

c on t i

nu e d to

he

u s e d for annual event s l ike Sund ay School

excur s m dms e t c . for s om e y e ars aft ,a r thi s .

r earest

Rai lway S t at i on t o

Templ ep atrick would now b e Ant rim- f i v e mil e s away o I f the i n c r e a s e in the numb er of the privat e c ar s nec es s i t a t e d the c l o s ing

of var i ous Railway S t ati ons , the ef f e c t on the b u s s ervi c e to and from the v i l l a6e was al s o m ark ed .

Some t en y e ars ago ,

s ervi c e b e twe en Templ epatr i c k , a

t-hou r

th e r e was roughly a t w e nt y minute

B e l f as t and Ant r im t o d ay thi s has b e e n c ut to

or h our s erv i c e . Howev er ,

as

I have s t at ed in another s e c tion ,

t�

prov i s i o n of' Bel fas t �orp o r at i on T r an s port to and from th e vi l l c' ges should make trav e l l ine much � as i er .

R0ADS One of the earl i e s t ac c oun t s o f road s in thi .... di .; t r i ciJ is the r e f er en c e mad e t o t h e " Iri sh Hie;hway lt. whi c h i s s aid to b e the pub l i c

road

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THO S( H, HIGGIN, Genera ria!! a ger. ·

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advert i s ement

An early

al.,o b(' Jlrolidrd for Ih� dJ.� .o� _ \I�ir� mm �,�,ll:SiJT�\ brr t\ ptr[� l ull bt :r.i\onn�td b� I! �Olt!utlh, a" .\\)O n �, I h� d. ! , arr l .neu, at.f ru nbtr . n) Ordrr,

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1st

1 3- 18,

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T H OMAS H .

HIGCIN,

or"r:,u,. )l l "' .l O f:': 1t.

Ab ove :

Some o f the s e al s

Railw 8 Y C ompani e s

of the

c onnec t ed

with th e l i ne from Belfast-Bmena.

and Bel fas t in O ' Laverty ' s ,

( 73 )

"The Di o c e s e of Down

and Conno r " . I t pas s e d thr o ugh

Dunad ry and wound un d e r the wes t ern s id e of Lyl e s Hi l l and

o f i t are s t i l l to be s e en eg .

n e ar G r ey s t on e Hous e ,

in p l ac e s p o r t i o n s

Cl oughanduff o I t s b r e adth

was ab out 13 f e e t .

In the

e arly 1 8th c e nt u ry the r o ad through Whi t ewe l l and i o l l u s k was

c ons truc t ed to Temp l epat r i ck t o cut off s ome of th e b ad hil l s on the exi s t ing one .

In

1840

the .t� trim R o ad was mad e .

Ap par ently the r ad sur fac e s in the i8th c en tury l eft mu c h to b e d e s i red ;

fo r

Dobbs wDo t e i n 1865 o f the r o ad" from C arr i c kfergus t o Templ ':: pa t r i c k vi a St r a i d ,

The s e highways ar e c awsy fo r the mo s t p art ,

by r e a s o n of

of the Road from Templ epat r i ck t o B e l fa s t he remarked ,

I'

the deep ground " o And

liThe way is

n ot very good

in wint er l J o One

of the int e re s t ing r emnan t s

known l o c al ly as the

of the Whit ewe l l-Mol l �sk-Templ epat r i c k ro ad ,

" O l d C o ac h Ro ad " ,

or

"Derry Road * ,

i s the

Iri sh mi l e-s t on e o

Thes e l ine the r o ut e from T emp l ep at r i ck t o Hight own and are 3 foot -hewn s l abs

of

basal t o Th ere i s

on e

higH rougply

at C l o ugh anduf f and ano ther in the wal l of

Roughfort Pri mary Sc hool o Sinc e th o s e d ays c ond i tions have a l t e r e d for the b e tt e r and on the main r o ads

as ph a l t sur�ac e s

and t ar mac ad am on the s ec ond an d t h ir ) c l Gs s road s mave

mad e an improvement .

"

Only one new road has b e en c ons truc t ed in the area wi thin l ivi ng

memo�y

and that i s the Templ epat r i c k-Bal lyc l ar e r o ad whi ch was fini s h e d ab out three y e ars ago p however d e t ai l s are given i n anoth e r s e c t ion of futur e d evel opment .

HOUS ING

The

t r ad i t i onal

al mos t d : s app ear e d

tha t ch e d c o t tage ,

so l ong a f e atur e

rom th� d i � tr i c t and

of r u r al I r e l and , has

the two at C l ouehandUff ( pi c tured ove r� e � ) ,

are admi red by many byp as s e r s .

In the t h r e e vi l l age s ,

the h o u s e s d a t e from the

Qarly V i c to r i ?� p e ri od ,

but r o un d th e s e qui t e a few m o d ern bungal ows have sp rung up .

In Templ epat r i c k s eventy hous e s w e r e bui l t at Temp l e�on P ark and a f u r t he r thi rty c omp ri s e th� h o u s i ng e s t at e near R o ughfo rt vi l l age .

c oumc i l b u i l t eight s ingl e s t o ry , Fur ther s chemes for m o r e hous es

Some y e ars

ago ,

the

s emi- d e t at ched c o t t ages at P arkgate .

at al l th e s e vi l l ag e s ar e on the drawing bo ards

at the pr es ent time .

FAI RS AND OTH ER EV ENTS Fai rs in the

1 9th

c entul' :;

W er\� v ery popul ar

event s ,

mainly

b e c aus e they

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3 4'

M I \.es I N � HE6

sketch map of 1 3 3 5 , thi s map shows the

main r o : d s in the are a a t that time . Noti c e the old turnpike Ro ad f r om An trim to Be l fas t vi a 'r empl.e patri k o

f

( 75 ) Us u al ly the s e fai r s l as t ed thr e e d ay s which were arranged as fol l ows : Sal e o f hom espun yarn ,

t s t Day.

brown l inen and home-b l eached cl o t h .

d i s app e ared wi th the c om ine o f mil l s 2nd .

Day . �al e of c at t l e , sheep and pigs .

3rd .

Day.

Amus ement .

.

Th i s

and b l e ac h-gr e en s .

Purchas e o f c l othing and hou s ehol d r equi s i t e s . uec ond-hand

c l othing from Scotl and was a fe ature of th i s d ay . �runk e n e s s

Chur ch ,

were

even under th e watch ful

and gambl ing ,

prev al ent to

an

ey r.:;

of a s t r i et Pre :: by t �rian

ext ent that vould not b e all owed tod a.y , and unt i l

1 t he l 870 t s b u l l b a i t in g and cock fighting were o rgan i s e d sport s .

Anoth �r featu r e o f the s e fai r s w as t he H i rinG M ark e t s , and dom e s t i v s e rvants

eneaged thems e l v e s to a farme r ,

whe re young l ab ourer s

usual ly f o r s i x month s or

a y ear .

Dat e s of th e s e f � i r s ROUGHFORT- Thi rd

were

as f o l l ows : -

uea day af t e r May 1 2 , and Novemb er 1 2 .

T�PLEPATRI CK- Jul y 1 0 ,

and l as t Tu e sd ay in O c tob e r .

PARKGA1'E- Feb ruary 7 , May

7 , August 7 and

Novem b e r 7 .

By . the 1 9 2 0 ' s the s e fai r s had d i ed and th e only fa.i r l eft in the d i s t r i c t i s , o f c ou rs e , the Bal lyc l ar e M ay Fair o Many of t h e events th e chu rc h e s ,

in

the 1 i s tr i c t now ar e he�d Q�d e r the

aas p i c e s o f

hovv�v ej: , two exc eptions wo rth notine; ar e the Ho rt i c ul tural

Shows he l d in Templ � p a t r i ck and Hyd epark in the

jl.utwnn .

...,

this

Al th ough s

i€:,'11 i gi c a

i nt o the d i f f 2 rs

. .

c -.;

s ec t i on

I have in c l ud ed i t

t

c h arac t e r o f from

may h ,!ve very l i t t l e s c i , n t i f i c

o th e r s

T ernp l c patr i ck

the

b e c al.l s e

peop l e

who

I

urea

l i ve i n the

ar e a and

a.n in s i gh t

how this rural s i tuat i on

of i L� Kind .

an

dis tr i c t i s

s t i l l r etai n s

a s t urdy

doubt b e r ev�rs ed in the future be us e fu l to rem emb er the

geogr aphi c al

thing that i t ei v e s us

only

twelll€ mi l e s from the c entre 0

y e t up t o the p r e s 3nt time the b ig c i ty has not had the

or

indi vidual i ty .

mu c .

Howeve r ,

infl uen c e on i t aIT( thi s s i tuat i o n w i l l n o

development o f th e area and it wi l l at

S OQe o f the

cus toms ,

Be l fas t ,

l east

tradi t i ons , s t ori e s and p o e t ry of

ar e a .

Al l thes t, p r ov i i e t h e Tnains tay o f rural c u l ture and a l though many have b a en l os t ar

over

t h e y e ar s , s oml, o f

r c p r o u u c e d i n th 3

fol l o w i ng

th e

p age s .

more in t o r c s t ing h ; v e surv ived a n d th e s e

JP-

C U :; 'l'O; ; .; AN D TRA J I T I ON S il 8l1Y of th � c u s t om s i n t h e ar e a ar e c onn ec t ed with b i r t h and d ea t h o r e l s e h ave s ome agr i c u l tural At th e front wh i c h

were

fmreott en .

a

of

th eme .

L h i s the s i s

fe ature of

I have i n c l ud e d

harvest

ev ery

a s e ] e c t i on

in the d i s t r i c t

It was c u s t o m a ry fo r on e of the s e to be

c o at wh i l e at t end ine th e Harv , s t Servi c e

s e en at s u c h

w o rn

wh

ch are now l argely

i n th e l ap � l

of on e s

in the l o c al church , but few

are

nowad ay s .

s e rvi c e s

An o th e r f e ature

and

of Harv e s t Bows

of t he s e h a rv es t s ervi c e s was

r'� I'� m ini �. ture c o rn

s t ac k s

whi ch s o m e of the farmer s mad e for d e c o r ative purpo s e s and whi ch woul d h ave demand e d ab out six months

Few o f t h e s e s urviv

l abour t o c ompl e t e .

•

Ano t he r quai nt c us t o m wh ich has ent i rely d i s appear ed was knO\vn as the " c r owning o f the l a s t s h e af " , wh en the l a s t sheaf o f the harv e s t wa.s given a C JlO vm

of p l ai t ed s t r aw

and c a r r i ed c e remoni ou s ly into t h e b arn l oft . A b arn

d an c e o f t e n f�l l owed l at e r that night o Ifh e usu ' , l b l. l i c f s

ab out

fai r i e s and wi tche s , al th ough on the s urfac , . l augh ed

ar e usual ly t r e ated w i t h r e s p 8 c t and it is not unusual t o s e e a hu g e

at ,

p l o ugh e d f i e l d w i th a l it t l e

p ains

to av o i J th e l i t t l e fai ry

c onc entrat ed m e c h ani s at i on , "wi t c he s '

the

gr e en p at c h wh ere the f a rm e r ( b l ac k )

has

thorn grow ing there .

and

of . fl int with a h o l e through i t- which suppos edly

pre v e n t s the wi t c h e s from int � rfe r i ng w i t h any o f the c ows , s usP end ed f ro m the r a f t e r s of m any

i nd e ed w i th the

In an age of

th e s e old b el i efs sti l l manage to ho l d th e i r own ,

s t on <'; i_ . a nodlll c

Th e making

t ak en t r em endous

can bee s e en

of the modern by r e s o

o f Saint Brigi d ' s c ro s s e s has d i s ap p e ared from the ar e a and e x c ep t i o n

of the G l en s

of An trim ,

from the

6 0 u n t y as a who le .

STO R I BS AND LEG �NDS O F TH � DI STRI CT Many

of the

old

s t ori e s in the

ar ea

are bui l t

aro und N i s i O ' Haugh an , a.

n o t o r i ous High wayman , who ac t ed as a s o r t o f Rob i n Ho od t o many o f the Lo c al p eopl e .

Tal e s

of h i s bravery ,

h o r s eman s h i p and gen e r o s ity run i n t o doz ens ,

of the mo s t famou s c onc e rns his

ski l l in h o r s emansh ip . and happ ened to b e

fl e e ing from th e au thor i t i e s a t C arrickfergus . c am e

in

j ump e d the

p o i n t s , s ome 4 0 f e e t , and e s c ap ed . When a t

a l at e r d at e

"Y e s , but l ook at th e run I had at i t !

� ' Haughan uurn ed o f f

Six-Mi l e River a t o n e o f i t s wi d e s t

c ongratul at ing him on s u c h a wond e rful j ump ,

s a,i d'"

The s t ory t el l s how

t h un d e r in g d own t he o l d turnpik e r o a d through Temp l ep a t r i c k ,

the d i rec t i o n of Parkgat e an d

but one

It

som e o f hi s c r on i e s was

O ' Haughan is

r ep o r t e d to have

Ipher e � ap S ' s

a fa,vouri t e l egend

is

( 78 )

a bou t thi s ro m an t i c figur e that h e has bur i ed

h i d e o f go l d at a spot in Lyl e s Hi l l wh e r e it i s po s ' i b l e to s e e

and four l oughs , th e fi v e c ount i e s d oubt l es s b e i ng t h e ones

five c o unt i es

whi ch b o r d e r Lough N " aeh o bur i ed go ld ,

S ev e r a l at t empt s hav e b een mad e to l oc at e thi s

bu.t s o f ar no-one h a s suc c e ed ed .

Other s t o r i e s wh i c h hav e been h and ed c onc e rn the 98 Re b el l i on

and the B at tl e

a Cr aigarogan

o f the s e c o n c erns

Aft er the f o r c e s d i s b and ed mn

man ,

one

d mm f r om generat i on

of An tr im and one of of the Uni t edmen ,

D on ego r e Hi l l ,

it

was

the m o s t amus ing

who had , c l ub fo ot .

a c as e o f g et t ing home

s o on as p o s s i b l e and when a w or r i e d fr i end enqui r e d ab o ut thi s

h e w a s in formed th at

" N i l l i e had pas s ed by l ike the win '

An o t h � r s t o ry h r s

c r ip p l ed man

s ome hours

ago " o

immor t al i '"' ed a l i t t l e d rumm e r boy who was in one

he

was

or d e r e d

t o beat the drum for th em , but r e fu s e d s aying

th�t the Kings d rum c ould n ev e r b e b e a t en for reb e l s . s ay s was

as

arm i e s at the Reb e l l i o n in W exford . When c ap tur e d b y the

of the gov ernment Uni ted I ri s hmen

to gen e r at i on

a Temp l epat r i ck l ad ,

' Bes i d e s the s e ,

w a s l at er k i l l ed

the r e ar e numerous o ther s ,

The b oy , that t r ad i t i o n

in the b at t l e that f o l l owed . al l

of whi ch hav e b e en t o l d

and

to the c h i l d r en in th e area by a grand father or aged r e l at ive .

r e- t o l d

A S ELEC T I ON OF POZTRY FROM THE AR EA Ther e mu s t of wh i c h

hav e

been l i t er al l y hundreds

of po ems of the

' 9 8 p er i o d , al l

have b e en l o s t or forgo t t en . ONe of the b es t -known of th e few that

survive i s the p o em by Wm . Dr enn an ab�ut th e d e ath of the p 2 tr i ot W i l l i am Orr .

Rememb er Or r H e r e our

murdered br o t h e r l i e s ,

W ak e him not wi th women ' s

c r i e� ;

" ourn the way that m anh o o d ough t ; S i t in s i l en t tr a.n c e o f th ought o

Wri t e h i s mer i t s on y our mind , L o r al s

pur e and

In h i s

h e ad

a�

m ann e r s k ind o on

a hi l l ,

�irtue pl ac e d her c i t ad e l .

' \f.hy cut o ff in p almy youth ? ' T ru�h he spoke and ac t ed truth

' C oun t rymen Un i t e !

t

h e c r i ed ,

� ltJ vJ\. � WJ2 VI....S

H e r e i s an o th e r p o em ab out Orr , I s l andb a\m ,

thi s t ime by

a l o c al p o e t ,

lllr .

Chas . Mi l l ar , of

th e d i s t ri c t i n which Orr l ived .

Remember Orr Fre e d from t o i l at Ev 0 n t i d e ,

."I i th l e i sure d i d

ro am .

I

Away t hro ugh m '; a o w l u s h and gr e en ,

To the n e ar by � to rey ' s holm .

The h i l l l ook 3d c l e 8.r t o wr ' r d s the e as t , To

Ben M ad i e;an ' s l o fty tOJVr j

And t hen my though t s sp ed down the ye ars ,

And

I

r ememb e r e d O r r .

I thou gh t I h e ' rd A tal e o f d ays

r iver t e l l

l. � . ,

of yore ,

Of m en a-mu � t e r ing by h er b anks

And on th e s l op es of Von e o r e .

I thoueht I h e ar d the r al l y i ng d rum , Saw t h e c ountrys i u e as t i r , He ard patr i o t s march mn Antrim t own And c ry wi th eager t r omb l ing h e ar t s , A l oud ,

" Rememb er {)rr !

I f·

ehas Pi l l ar ( 1 9 36 ) .

The f o l l owing i s the c h o rus o f a l arger p o em about the Highwayman ,

who

VI as

Nm s i Dt'l-Iaughan ,

eventual ly hanged at C arri ckfergus in the mid-1 800 · s . The rest of the

p eom h as b e en l o s t .

Ni s i O ' Hauehan ,

a fi erc e highwayman ,

,{ho went robb ing t h e pock e t s

of al l who

woul d s t and ,

':I i th h i s mask and h i s p i s tol s he s c our e d t h e l and , To wi ths tand the b o l d robb er was n ev er a man .

Anon .

The two p oems whi ch fol l ow a r e vlri t t e n by litr . Wil l i am l.�orr i s on , of Hyd epark , Th e f i r s t i s about

;' wel l-knovm b e auty s pot in the di s tric t and the o ther b ewa� l s

th e l o s s of t h e d airy fi e l d s a t Hydepi rk , f ac to ry

is b ·: d ng bui l t .

,, "'-

o n whi c h p ? rt

of t h e gr e at M i c h e l in

.

' - '-' I

The Bog-O i l l B y Boghi l l ' s s l op es In the e arly h our s

Teh l ark

WaS

Th e dew �as

I ' ve ' 'and ered of morn ,

s i ngine che e rfu l ly , on

the c o rn .

The go rs � o f ri c h e s t aol d en

I t s f r ag r C:ill c e spr e ad ar ound t And the r ab b i t s w en t a-hop pinG To

thei r burrows in th 3 grounq .

By Bogh i l l ' s s l opes I ' ve wandered :/hen t h e s un was s inking l ow ,

.And tl: e b i r d s their not es were t r i l l i ng In the t r e e-tops down b el ow .

The b e e s w e r e s 'lI e e t ly hurlmling

IDn th e c l over dovm th e gl en , And the hare was

s l '3 (� p ine s Olmdly

In h ,}r C o c' y b raken d en .

By the raffl ed p2.the of Bogh i l l I c oul d roam from morn to

ev e ,

P�d not a gl eam o f s adn e s s Hy inw ard s oul wo uld gr i eve .

Far away from t o i l and turm o i l , I

c an mus e so fr e e from c ar e

N ear th e s t on e that l overs c h e r i sh Seat ed on O ' H aughan ' s chair .

H ow I l ove that p l a c i d hi l l s i de ,

Uhere the s l o e bu s h b l o oms

so whi te ,

PJ1d t - - e curl ew ' s c al l s oun d s wei r d s ome In the s t i l l n G s s o f the night �her An

the h e ather b l ooms in s pl endour , the boul d · r s s t at el y s t ru1d ,

H - r e I ponder in s uc h r ap t ure .�o s t en chan ting fai ry l and .

\ " L.. I

IJ:h i s peem i s about a C at Fai r whi ch t o ok p l a c e in P arkeat e ab out the b eginnin e of th i s c en + ury

are a o

and t u rn e d out to b e on': of the gre at e s t ho ax e s

Th e Pe em expl ains wh;r o

• • • • •'

PARGA ';':S

CAT

FAI R

Pray give me y our at t ent i on b oy s

Unt i l I end e avour to r e l at e Ab out a great c ommotion

That was onc e c au s ed in Parkgrt t e , Regard ing on which the vil l ager s S t i l l m e d i t at e 71hen the,;" c onver s e o n bygone d ays

The c at-fai r in P arkeat e .

I t was when

u e en Vic tori a

Sat on Engl and ' s Throne .

That by m e � s of p o s ters It

:icl e l y w a s made known .

That agent s Vlere a t t ending And on b ehal f of the P eruvian S t ct e ,

Eor c at s would s ay a goodly sum . t a c at-fair in Parkgat c .

The c ountry s i d e got busy C o l l e c t ed c at s by the s c or e , � l l th � whi l e obs erving Dame fortune was

at t he i r door .

And upon that appo in t ed d ay Th e m3?!ing wc.S

s o great

That the rat s an d mi c e c ommit ted sui c i d e At the cat-fair in Parkgat e .

But th e f o lk w e r e bOLUld for dis appointment

As day to e veni ng gre w .

1 0 d eal ing

m en w er e

met with

ev e r pul l ed

in th e

ko

�.-O�

-'11A.Q..vJ

w-e

�

1'1Aa-1- IN "

h..

� uJs fr19� PQ--II\j . � colS Z�,,� "�VL ��0 \lo

0.

&-t.v,t. /� � �

c� -<,&ua.Z�

�bi s peom is ab out of thi s c e nt ury areao

a Cat

Fa ir wh i ch to ok pl ac e in Parkgate about the b eginnine

and turned out to be on'� of th e great e s t hoa."'{es ever pul led in th e

The Peem exp l e.ins why 0

• • • • •

PARGA';':::;

CAT

FAIR

----- _._ - _. _ -

Pray give

.

y our attention boy s

.1e

Until I end eavour t o r e l at e Ab out a great c OP1Tn ot ion That was onc e c aused in ParkgFl te ,

Regarding on whi ch th e vi l J. ager s st il l medi tate

';J/h en th e

'.-

c onv er s e on bygone d ays

The e nt-fai r in Parkeat e .

I t waJ when

Que en Vi c t o r i a

Sat o n Engl and ' s Thron e , Th at by me ans of p o s ters It v,'icl e1y

was

made knovm .

That agents �ere att e�ding

And on behalf of th e Peruv i an Stat e , Eo r c ats wou l d s ay a goodly sum At � c at-fair in Parkgat c .

The country s i d e got busy C o l l e c t ed c at s by th e s c o re ,

!: 1 1

th.:! wh il e ob s erving

Dame fortun e was at their door .

And upon that appo int ed d ay

Th e ffi3wing

was

so great

Th at the rat s and mic e c ommitted sui c i d e At th ., mt- fair i n Parkgat e .

But th e f o lk w e re bm,mcl for d i s app o intment As

day t o e v ening gr ew .

o d e al ing m en w er e met

ith

No aeen t s f r om Pe ru .

Th e c at s r c gc: ined th eir l i b erty

( 83 )

Upon th e trees and housetops

At the

cat- fai r

in Parkgat e .

The rumpus of the s e fe l ines The n ight ly ai r did rend ,

fmd Parkea t e was s l e ep l e s s Fo r

reeks an d months o n end .

And many a weary vi l l ager Scratched an une asy p ate .

As he curs ed the c at s , th e deal ing men lmd th e c at-fair in Parkgate

Anon .

The fol l owing p o ems were

w

ri t t en by

rr

Ho n es t Jemmy " Hop e ,

the s e l f-taught

Templ epatri ck weav er , who pl ayed such an important part in the Battl e of Ant rim o

HINTS

TO

POLEf.", I C AL

CONTROVERS IALI S TS .

Th e s e are my thought s , nor do I thiruc I need Perp l ex my m ind wi th c ny other c r e ed .

I wi sh to l et my ne ighbour ' s cr eed al one , And think it qui te en ough to mind my own .

FRAG J1ENT .

The mo s t pro found r es e arc h of learned men Coul d never c ornprehend th e full ext ent Of thought annexed to our Red eemer ' s word s .

But on e c onunand

-

the gr eat c ommand t o l ove

Each other , need s no co mment路 to exp l ain .

Why do we l eave that p ath of l ove and l ife ,

And l o s e our way in s ub t l et i e s and s trife g

( 84 )

NOT OF I SAIAH ' S

ON FASTS ;

D_ -' CRIPTI ON .

When d e spo ts wage unbound ed war , And suff ' �ing nat i ons groan : Vfhen d r e adful

tid ings ,

from afar ,

C aus e mother s ' h e art s

When j udgments dread ,

to mo an .

i n thun d er s r o ar ,

Agains t th e human rac e ,

Fr om p o l e to p o l e , from s ho r e t o sh or e , Peac e finds no r e s ting p l ac e .

Then s anct imon ious men ,

in prayer ,

Give thanks for b at t l e s won ; And c al l

for heaven ' s prop i t i ous

c ar e ,

And shed more bl ood anon .

But now ,

:rroud men ,

th a t God won ' t d e ign ,

To answer y our r e que s t , \'lhil e mrnage fi l l s your h eart and b rain , And vengean c e swel l s your breas t .

Go , le arn the c ours e t h at G od c ommands ; Hi s right eous l aw obey ; Undo e ach yoke ,

and burs t all b and s ,

And quit your tyr an t s way .

The hungry feed ;

the naked c l oth e ;

The pr i s ' ner ' s fett ers br e ak ; The poor ,

th at ' s at your gat e ,

don ' t l o athe ;

But kindly ac t and s p eak .

Then shal l y o u r l i ght ,

as morning ,

j�d ev ' ry c l oud d i spel ;

Whi l s t et ' ry gi ft , that i s divine , Shal l i n y our b o s oms dwel l .

ah ine ,

( 85 ) Thi s i s the fas t

thi: t God deman d s ,

Throughout Hi s

Ind n on e but thi s

s acred Word ; ,

in m ercy s tand s ,

Or t e l l s wi th mercy ' s Lord .

Thi s b e your off ' ring ,

th e s e your fas t s ,

S t r i c t fas t v fr om p r i d e and bl ood ,

....md k e ep them , wh i l e exi s t en c e 1 as ts , If you would pl e as e your God o

r o wh ip ,

no gi b b e t s ,

t ortur e s ,

fears ,

Rel igi on n e e d s them not ; Hyp o c r i sy

,

w i t h al l i t s

And fas ts ,

,

\

t e ars

d e c e i v e s it not .

-- - - - - - 0 0 0 00-------

A G � �H.A1

U1L ARY OF

'J.l .�..1'i P1�PA' 'RI CK V I LLAGE

In this c onc l uding chapter , I

AND (rHE D I STRI CT

am at tempting to fo r e c a s t

s ome

of the

cha11.B'e s wh i c h lll ay or ill :"Y not take pl <.i c e in the d i s t r i c t over the next tw,�nty Y::.. J.rs and genEnal ly sp�ak ing th e future for th i s smal l part of I re l and s e ems

to b e

a r o sy one .

Di r e c t l,Y and indi r e c tly , the Templepa tr i c k the Iil at th cw e f 'ected

ana

l e s s obvi ous

are

wi l l be effec te d by

l an and I have o u t l i n ed the obvious v/ays that i t wi l l be tried , e ff e c t s

in the l i ght of having b e an born here , to show th e of this pl an .

SUMMARY OF THE AREA Over the past dec ad e , l i fe in th , di s t ric t has und ergone a mi n o r r evolut i on . Ol d c us to ms and h A bi t s whi ch hav e survi v ed c en t uri es hav e d i ed p e r i od

over thi s

a.nd

the f D c e s of indus try , farmi ng , s o c i al s e rvi c e .> etc o have

changed b eyond re c ogn i t i o n . However , d e sp�t e the s e and i t s p ro ximi ty t o B e l fas t ,

l o c al charac t e r

pr e s e r� e i t s It

years

is s t rong

and

i s tr i c t h as s t i l l m an age d t o

the

iden t i ty .

i s �u i te p o s s ib l e that thi s s i t u at i o n may be reve r s ed in future

aB th e

vi l l ages grow to ac commodat e the overflow from B e l f as t , Bal lyc l are

and Antri m and

ind eed wi th the numb er of housing es tates and priv at e

bungal ows b e ing errec ted in the are a at the p re s ent time , one can envi s a D'e s u c h a change very so on o

IN DUSTRY The f o rm a ti on

of

n ew in d u s t ry

in th e s urrounding

ar ea , no t ably i n

Ant r im and

Bel fas t , h a s t end ed to m · k e the distr i c t i n t o a d ormi t o ry ar e a

fo r

HO flever l oc al indu s tri es are p r o v i d i n g

th e s e .

to �he ec onomy and l o ok i ng

at the i r p l an s

an imp o r t!Ult

c ontribut ion

for e�p ans i on i t i s obvi ous that

they wi l l c o n t i nu e to do s O o

The introduc t i on of the vas t Mi chelin Tyr e Fac t o ry at Hyd ep n rk , at pres ent em p l oyin g 1 , 100 worker s of whom s ome 25% are l oc al , was

a s ho t

in

th e arm for the area. Cov ering about 7 5 acr e s of l and , thi s f a c t o ry was s t up in

196 3

attrac t iv e c o nc e s s i on s o ffer ed by the North r�

b e c au s e o f

I r e l and Gov ernment and eventual ly wi l l emp l oy

over 3 , 000 0

Raw ma t er i ' I s i s . b al ed rub b e r from Burma , is t r an sp o r t ed to the fac tory who s e p r e s ent outp ut i s ab out 1 3 , 000 tyr e s each week , be rai s ed

but thi s i s hope d to

in the futur e to 1 9 , 000 p er d ay .

S w indus try i n the ar e a d o e s s eem t o b e i n

an

extremely h eal t hy s t ate

and the �rea benefi t s c o ns i derab ly from i t s proximi ty to th e port s o f Be l fas t and Larne and the Civ i l Ai rport o FARMI NG As an

I have sho vvn in

a

p r evi ous ch ap t e r , mode rn m achinery i s p l ay i n g

in c r e as i ngly l arge p art in farming . C oupl e d nth this i s the t e n d en cy

fDJ: th e nwnb e r of s m al l farms in the

80+

ar e a. to

de c r e a s e as

ac r e s b ecome far bet IJ e r e c o n om i c p rop o s i t i on s .

However ,

b ecoming qui t e common fo r the smal l farm e r who has around hol d "o wn

an

!-\\ii�s trial j ob and

d evo t e

l arger units o f it

20-30

i s al s o ac r e s to

hi s spare t im e t o t h e running o f

:..,--

llAP SHO.iIi,G HO,I THE tl�Tl'H';

I

PLAN

VIlLI. EF�':';G'l' '!'HE AREA I A1.1 STUclYIW .

B E L FA S T

. •0 0 0 ls,oOO

REGIONAL

, I

PLAN

1 � 5 6 7 8 I I MILES

1 \ STflANGFORO LOUGH

.

I

. \

•

I

•

\

•

,

•

, •

I

•

,

Bc\bu Corporl';OIl HOlorwlY .Scheme

•

•

•

Present

size of villages .

�

Estime.ted s i z e in 1 9 8 1 .

areas .

--- - - - --------..

C ,.1 Airport

,

�----

Airport Link'

"'000

1961 popub,ion

l Sporu Centre

M�ior Amcnily Areu

r- Double lane motor way. � 'fhe Belfast-utrry Railvlay . c==J l'ajvr agri cultural I

u

Regio

\

1,000 1981 Propo.ed Popublio"

O

Town. for f�plnlion ((irdcl prop<x lton�J 10 1981 proposed popullt,on.)

( 89 )

the farm .

In t h e lliat thew Pl an , as c an be s e en from the map on th e next page , mo s t o f the d i s tri c t c om e s under the heading o f maj or agr i c ul tural l and , s o i t i s m o s t probabl e that much o f t h

farm l and i n the d i s t ri c t w i l l be e xempt from

bui l d ine .

ROA DS and RAI L 'tAYS Th e prop o s ed mo tor way ,

the No rth

ap pr o ac h r o ad , wil l p as s th rough the

i s tri c t and brine it ev�n c l o s e r to An trim and Bel fast o , and p r e s ent t r en d s wo ul d s e em to indic at e th at the rai lwuy l ine wi l l

s e rve

a us eful pu rpo s e for

s ome y e ar s ďż˝, e t .

HOUS I G Hous ing es t at e s have sp rung up around or ne ar al l the vi l l ages and a n ew one is

b e ing c ons truc t ed on the Lyl es Hill s i d e of Templ ep at ri c k

Rai l way Bridge a t t h e p re s e n t moment . Other plens p r o v i d e fo r the err e c t i on of hous es fur ther up

ijeing

the Ly l e s Hi l l road and the numb e r of private hou s e s

bui l t in th e a r e a c ont inues to inc reas e .

Mat th ďż˝\'i ' s findings

w i l l have as

woul d s e em to ind i c ate th at by 1 98 1 al l the vi l l ag e s

at l e as t doubl ed th e i r pr e s ent

c o mm ut e r

areas fo

e f fe c t the c OlThllun i ty

in ou t l o ok ,

s i z e and their fu tur e devel opm ent

Bel fas t s e ems almo s t c er t ain o T,Vh ether t h e s e changes will

life of the vi l l age s and th,:; ar

a b e c om e s

r; o s mop o l i t an

or Temp l ep :: t r i c k manage s t o ab s o rb th em as it has d one with

so many i d e a s in th e pas t ,

as yet remains

to be s e en !

0000 ) ) ) ) 0000

__

__

-

BI .... : I OGRAPHY

EV A

•

Lyl e s Hi l l - A l at e N e o.1ii th i c

R o j,1AD I )EN �OYLE .

An trim Cl.11 d. Down in

0

Tour s in Ul s t er

•

e t t l erne n t .

98 .

( 1 854 ) .

REV . C 6X . A Hi s t or . , of the Pari sh Iilf Kilbrid e .

H . M . S . O . Anc i ent Monwnen t s not in stat e C ate .

F . J . BIGt � AR . Notes on the Hi s tory of Tcmpl epatri ck . ( 18 9 7 ) .

H.:

. •

S . O . R e p o r t of the Land U t i l i s at i on

Survey of 1 948 .

REV . DUFF . Templ epatrick Pre sby t e r i an Chur ch C ent enary .

EVAN S . Iri sh Fo 1kways . s I Roved Out .

0 ' BY RN E .

H i s t o ry of Irel and . Volume s I-V .

D ' A LTON .

J.P SKn, I N . r!'he Hi s t o ry c:nd Antiquities of C arr i ckf e rgu s .

( 1823 ) .

DUB L I N SOC I ETY . Survey o f the County o f Antrim ( 1811 ) .

RH �� ES . Ec c l e s i as t i c al Antiqui t i e s .

( 1818 ) .

STE� HliliSON . Hi s t ory of Templ ope,trick Ternpl epatrick C ongr egati onal JIcmoirs .

HAYW�RD . In Prai s e of Ul s t er .

O t LAV ERTY . 1'he Dio c e s e of Down and C onn o r o PALLI STER

.

•

The Irish

Rebell ion of

Volumes 1 1 and I II

'98.

KAVAl AGH . The Insurr e c t i on of ' 98 0 C LARK l� .

Thirty C Gnturi es in S . E .

Antrim .

1�ANS . I ri s h Herit age .

The 1 8 76 G eologi c al Survey of Irel and .

Geology of t he C ountry around Be lfas t ( 1904 ) .

H . r . s . o . A Prel iminary Survey of Andd ent Monum e n t s of N . I .

- . � .S.O.

Th e UI s t d r Y ear Book , 1 9 6 3-6 , .

SHELL Gui d e to I r e l and Q S iGER . Guid J t o Iri sh Bi bl i ographi c al Mat er i al .

C , \.0 I N . J emmy Hop e-A Man o f the P e o pl e .

1.:A�THE':I . Be l fa::: t Regional Surv ey end Pl an .

HEAR1�WI . The C oun t y B o ok of Ul s t er .

( 1940 )

. � '�

•

\. J

.'

:

• •

•

" ," , 1 1

. .. <. ,

L

�Illf l ' ' }I ;' "

.' !

:1

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Al:ove.- · env

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flv,...

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ad d I n d u tri : 1 c h a·p t c r (

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•

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0 0

•

�I f l'1()RC B D F'I "' .'t � -' LA::3 ;) PLo .:)rrI C 3 , ROU ' lh,'O {T .

Ini .:> i s

privat e f i rm u t RO'.lGhfo r t whi c h emp l oy ' ab ut 1 5 s emi-ski l l ed

a

work e r s , enGaGe d d i s us ed

prem i s

fac t�ry

n

s

.....

s

1

th ·

n

akin�

0"

c o rrugat ed goof shec ti no .

of i ,:al l u ,. k Bl eachwork s

and

I t b ega..l1 in the

two y e ars abo th e modern

c r r e c t Jd n e ar the o l d Bl aacA wor ts .

rrh �..: f i rm , ','lhi c h s � nd f; i t s

/;0 0 1 : �

to

al l par t ::> of the Bri t i sh I s l e .:> , as

we l l as Ii o r t h ..; rn I r ; l :.tn d , w,.;r .} encouraged t o s e t tI c in the are a b c au s e of .....

the good l inks

�"i th Bt..: l f ;.;. s t an d Larn e and al s o t h e fac t that I , nd here i s

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B li t s f 1 \' h a " c) �on i n t h e N e v .v . . · �l i l i l l g t l l \' S{,V (')) .<'; C : I �' .

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t l ; � ; � l� ' (,ti l ( I da. ' . . \ 1 d .H I. l l v \\ " tn:s " i ' WCls m J !"ked M <l c' � i:1 Po l a n d . ' I sa.\ �· to t.1e o u ] ' l a d.v . , . . . , I call hcr t h e ou l ' l a dY bu r) he's a bette r l o o k i n g \\' o m a'l1' ::or� me.

D'ye know thi s , s h e ' d g o t '1 b.ed a t 8 o ' clock at n ight, e v n th , f" 111) o f t h e .vear. , . . " Two t h e r m e n c a m e i n and IH' t ;) l it got pretty gen c l' ; t l .

T Jil� .'r O t lll g l' r gl..'ll c r a t i o l l t':\me under \ ' C \ 1 '\\' . ClS / L il l w <.l .Y � dUI's \\'1 en t he o u l ' l a cl � do be g a l hcr ccl toge : l1 e ! . " W h l ' 1 l u:-; u u t ' I l- i i <l-. d i 0::; n u ! . " Pl 1 1 1 1 1 l i ' , I k :-- 0 1 1 " " 1 dl)Jl' t k l 1 o \\' \\, j w L .\' (.' · i l ri C ) .

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B u t o n c e :H !<. i n dOl l ' be m i s:cd ���. s i z . Q \ l < n l J 1 y i s a l l v cr v w e l l : l: p i m por\ : m t h m g i s q u a l ity . nd Tc!n pl c p n t r i c k h a s q U ;1 I i l . · . . . . ns t J dy Cl w e e v i l l a g e as e V e r you f. i.I ....... " Thc 1"(' . · good <l n d D:>d c v C' r .v ­ T E M P L E P A T n ' K. CO. ANTRI: f. ".':]1[' 1'<:," :; n i d :..t w o m a n Y <.1 r n ! n g wi· ,. a ' w i :.'h ) , )\ 1 ,' . . "T!;('y ' rc a l l A p p le U'ces p r c l L .\' (' H e \\'l<g hs 1 7 : t on c , " �nict a m a t :, (J J" 1 I l1ot ll l'!" :::; soru, , B l i t 1 1 ' 17 0 . I ga rden p Cl t hs.

I (,( ; 1 1 1 (1 / i :,;1 ': wl' l l I , (cil' ll v...· i t i J i l11nl<J lurc fru i . " a n' he C ;'l1 t h r o w t h em begs .\ j c l 1l" rgl'l i c yuullg wom a n , On(, \\'<1 a t r u l .V prol i Ji e atTair. " r coal r o u n d as if the were fea t h e l d : t :, lwd b.v grew t l w t Irom (he p i p out of ':,11 B u t I ' ll tell · o u t h i s : T wouldn ' t l i l !'= ] l c l l pi n �-b:l � I (' l i \'d . n.; , t h i ng on hi!"n , but c a " , .\· l l 1 l �. 1 1 l 11 nW I1se (';,bb�lgC i n Amrr i can a pple, " s::l i d h E' . " 1V1 any ::; t o b u y t h e: wouldn't m i nd if !1C \V�, ;} ' n le m ; I� a c n ll i! !1 cl . " Q l' ; ll'l' b r r l h � i : c (1<w l " a t i m e I h u v p tl i proy it u P . ' o m in e . ' c a l l , C l l t 1 I H ' B�d : v c l ;i1"(.:: bu t c lic:l' c r op's l h a t fl c a vy . ' " , ' T h e ,Y , trl was P :' c t t :<; gou , J At t h e foot o J 1:10 gc, 'clC" vas , p�j l l ;: i n g in h i . J u b 0 ( �' : i c ! n g Cl l U ll: j; he t i m ' i he,v'd dO l l C-l d i d :1 ' l w;l¥ :, i l' (1 I- 1 11 l h l..! b�<:k of 1 ' . t . <1\'CI- bk . " T h il t ' .., wherc the I i m (' p I " WC w e ,'! ' Jor '1 he l h i s l : - ·-1 f'fl ncy t h ey'd 11<1 :1 shop n t . , t h c c ll s t o m e r ·. .:; d�)o r. used t o be , " : a i d 11 C . i m '2 -work. one t i m c � o r l ed ou t most ) f the peoplE! A y e , m d eed , c;hc repl l ed , s m l l mg. f() m O ll S (or ( O nly WOJT-; . D I t d i d n ' J � t o p for a y a · n . ery goc:d f o r l i iC cOl1 n ( :·.y , th c nt'ighbou 1'i10od. here .

T h !� 1)l1 C: H ' r h a d a g o rge'o u ' b l ue l i m e. B u t n o w y o u w O Lll dn ' t ge l gossi p '? Don't y o ' b � l ! eve it � ) ,,.� O U L to tbt' road Clgain . A yO\ . [ 1 1 :-1 ,\ 1 1 : : " � l l : ! / rd a ",i r O n or 11 i 1il . a ::-. � () n c o r l i m e. r dC �l ' t k n 0 W h �) w A y . t h at's w bere the l'rn r­ fe l l o w I l1 a navy oluc � L1 l L p ' . \ ': I 1 �' do bU t e- 1 1 0 1'S . espec i a lly in t h e i L i : .

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P . . 1 1l1g · \\' I ', e n the b l oo d g C't s on i t , Llsed t o keep th i s s p o t as a J a w n , ' ' At t ll cros.:i-roads the r was ;" nd ')\.1'.: . " b u t . . aell . . y e g e t old. I ' m Dl); t s red , w h I te 1'; I'm n c a �' reg u l a r' fcrest of sign-po� ls. :(\'c r:; \ ' h e rr: y o u co" cel th ere V e r y y o ung, . "OU k n ow.

I w a s e v e r a,\\' a y out of h ' ' .� . q u ote e m ,' �o t h a t you ' l l -nOli were � (�s : oak: a ' h, beech, c;y a­ [; 0 ' w here we a r c m o r e- . . . enough v a r i e t i e: to 'f h a �.' s t h e hOllse I w a s b o rn i n . " B a l l y c l are 5. L a me 1 5 1 . Dl1 n<'1 ci r.

He told m e a story of n we J ! ­ ;ivc a n il rbnri c ll l t r i st rl. headachc Glen gorml€y t · An r i m :) � . ( n o vn m a n who u sed to ('ome to 2 \ . � r�· in.c! to l'C nll'm h e r he n a m es . f On a J l t � J(' h i l l nea rh': \\'as i 1 C Tr�m p l ep<l t ri c .;:, " H c wa ' lond of a Bel fast 1 1 ,\ . " And h e A wom a n gol on the bus a m il( c 11 U r c l 1 . \\' 1 I h l lw cr(lwdcd g r a \'c­ wee h a l f- u n ," ::-: , d d h e . .. �tl rl Cl c ! l ., t C' I o f h c a d s o r� c l' (I! l l1n \' ?l S fo r. d o f l(l l< i ng- w c e bo; 's o u t down l h e l'Q a d. S he g o t o fT a "" a i r " On bu.;il l(,s� The o l d(>st, r ' .J l " w a l k s . He <.t ! W ;1 Y .<: Look h j s w c e <'1 1 G lC'n�orm l c,\" . :\ (J� \'Cl",r' old. , : . ;, " l . i hC'(,rl � t c m (' I at I co uld d l ,"covcr was bot t l e w i th him, bu t 11 (' a l waYB took doi n p" h e r shopping m t h e r, C \'.: . ;\ : 1 (; n0111 1 n "" . n(' \\""· . · . . i n i t , a bott l e o( m i l k fo�' the wee b O y . metropo l i s !

I F,-i l . i t' X C' 2 t' t ( n e � t o lle . h it l bore el even I l i ked h i m fo r t h a t . " I h a d a lette r tb e 0 h e r w en k . I !"

A roosle r (' r o n- c d , a n d crowed I � ( m ' .- a n d cnmmem orCl t ed three writel ;:).g a m . T h e b � t l : ! s m oke !,o,-c j n Cl \vas poskd in Tri l11 dRd . The J ;JC1H' ra � i rm s . an\1 .ve1 JDw w a s c m A.B. o n H . :\US . -the from fi nr,Pl" : 'I C' m p : , p;J t r icJ- ' " a n c i f"> n t g r n vc­ l n z,V d <l t c-l \ l1 \ the u nder ; '. ; j :' I ;, h :J l r m / l o down 1. he rOD e! . r h i m ncy-poL of f he c o t t �gE' over t ll C he w ro Le That l e t ter had Lravelkd May 3 . i �)l l S � i b J y n c r c'� a .<:t ory t l erc. 1 g rev w a l l ct n d traced a p �l Lte rn A a b i t. But i t renchcd m e , And the cOl: 1 d n ' L tel l � ' o u fer j u st as I w a s ngainsi the g reen of til e trees. mess age: "What about giving m ;:: Inrry w h i zzed by on the we ro ad .

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Te1!TI11,[e p�l rick rei a w ce �".1t' 1 I \'\.' i t h , I ll c l c i C l ' h WOrr. :l ll < 1 1 l lw 1i'l l!' o j' a t( ; l t ; l r:(' n r' W I l by thv ::ai i \v f1 Y . [ 11 Ill'\' ( , f , l p l ! l'cd ov('rCl J l s h e W L\ � , I S t I'I J 1 1 ;111 0 1 i d .\' C l S Tc'm p l l"jl!1 t r l C' l\: 1 1 i' ( ' i : , ;\ lung. i cl (' the c c l tiJge w a :, a b I g p l o t I I I f)ot n l oes. " 1 o t h i n n evu " N o. " !:'aid s h e E v('rvh a ppen s in Ternplepa l t ;('k.

Everybod'� ' s 1. 1 I n g's n l w<l .v q u iet. \\' or k � ng:' 1 ad:T'l i red t h e SPU(!:. h C' . said ' Ca r , " " B ad c r o p l n s t "Btit l ooks rl � i f t hey' re g o i n g' t n b e good t h IS v c a r , " q u i c wee fi gu re , a n ord i n <l l' '\' wee vo m a n . . , B Ll t � Iw h;l <.; a so /l l J l t l1 (' I\" CL \' \' . s (l i l l l l g I ll (' , (" ( ' I . · C :l � .

1 11 (' T\\'o C',l J 1 1Hl l l- b 'l l l s d l'co r ; l l " d oor. Il'P of Cl h () l I � (' h �d l - \ , , 1 ,\' i t p . a rr i c k fc r .... u ... " F rom 1 1 ' s t l' 'c l . f' , l. ... t / (' , " s a i d ( h( ' i t' o \\' l I e r. "'['11(' .\- ' ,: ( , He I d l ll l h0 r ,I l ong. l o n g l i lnt'. · g o q u i t e f :' i c l l cl l y a n d (uok 1 t ' i l l rou nd I ll , g a rden . Se; Lo s h o w m In a bmv ( - r o f w i l d rll:,{ S \\' ; 1 ;0. : " DOIl ' 1 k n ow v,: i)() ( ; r<'(' i a n H!1 1 lU '. " . r u s t t h r' fi gu r e she i!)," said ht' of rl. n i c C' . w e l l -m n (! (' I O I d y : " d 1 \\ 1 1 011 1 1 ( ' \\' : I l l c le rr d

" 1'l l m i , 1 1 ( I ' l ] l ;i U!:'oC'(, h('�-(' l't)r l'('" and ;'d:'( / 1 il l , )) 1 ']" \\'(1 (1 1 t il C u: j l I l H' r :; w c r e rii�­ ( ' l l : � J i1g a n o!d \\'uodE! (' b a l l' t h a t I l)o iH,'d :� s n l d ;) . t i l L I n n i t s(' J :'. " :\ . 1 1 ;\ J 1 < u l I I I i l , .y e �l'(' , " s:l id 011('.

I t_ \\ , ' ;-. ,I J i ;w , s n l i d p i e c e 0 1 \\'ork , W o r t h ::; 0 1 11 (, m � mcy, t h ey b \ lcc:!'cci . f�!' n l t i re of p n ce thc b ut " PO\\, ' 1' 1 1 1 1 : " � a l d Ol1e, n o w a d <lY:-;.

T h e o t hl.!r m a n ' " Ay e . po\\:cr t u l ! " \\i�I S f r o m n,C S h i1 ll k i l l �() m (-\\'hC'r('. " I v c t l1l' '\' k l l cill'll ( ' h a i r s at I h) I 1 ) (' . " " " v c ,1 c h e f l l'rf i e l d � l \ , C' , :l id h . l h (�c k ; tcl 1el1 ; 1 <; \v(' l 1 . ye k ilO\\' , ()U 1 t l i l'lWO "11 uf t h em ( ' h :l 1 l'�. . .

A n d yt> know 0.'-. \ 1 p t1� othC'r j' \\' .1 ,.; m '1 d� c d ' ?\T.:toc in I his . , Pol a n d . ' I s a ,\'� t o t .� ouI' lady. ' I call her the ou l ' lady, bu t! , , she ; s a b e t t e r l oo k i ng woman . , o

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D 'ye know thi�, she'd go I q b.ed a t. 8 o' clock a t n l �ht, even th)� t I m e' o f the y ar. , . , ' .

me ,

T ....\'o o t h e r mcn r ' a m!" in and \ llC The prt>tty gen c r; t l �ot alK . gl'n ern t l U l l c ; m e un(icr .\ O l l l \ � C I ' IT\' I ( ' \\' . a s I I a l \\' cI Y s does \\' b c l l t he ( l u l ' l ad!' do be g a l l H' l'ccl log e : ill'l . t t· j i as cll e: U \ ; " ul' " W h( , l I u!' k n o':\' po n l 1 i c, d l .... O I l C , " I d U l l ' T I l e y o u n g Ol\C� \\' h <l L y c ' l ! do . ' g r' ) \\' l l l g l i p ) " n o m a n n e r o ll�e Cl , , 1 1 . " ' ( T I H'Y 1 1 ('\'\.'1' w 'r(' , of C ,lll r � , T h a t ' s 1 11 1' \': i ! ': J t Cl ' \\' <J \' ,� go � . , The' spo : l i g h !' w i tc l H t o (1 lll ; l Il l h e,\ , t l l k : l c \\'. " W o r k ',' " s(1 i o O t H' " N ( ) , Iw I P. V('t' wo r k :, . , , excppt w i ' I l , s J W D c! ' S l l u t c ut ' I l l S ] "':1(1.

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AIJp1c l !'CCS pl'cH.\' " He we; g h s 1 7 ' to n e , , a i d a m a t ga rden pulhs .

I ,I ci t' 11 \v i t i1 l m m n t u rc fr u i t . " an ' he c a n t h ro w t h e m b gs \\'( , l l OllC' w a s a t r u l y prol i J i e afTa i r , " 1 c o o l r o u n d as if t hey w 're fe, t I C l ' hl n ' t H I g l' ' ' W 1 I 1 ,I L from the p i p O U L o f ;, 11 B U l l l l l\.' l l Y O U I h i � : T \\'ou I\. nW I' l CU l l a p p l c , ' s � i d h l' · · l\1 a l1.'i s t o bu.\ ' .m .\' t hi n g oIl' h l l11 . b u t ! t '.Ill . l h v \\'ou l d l 1 ' t m : nd i f :1C W :1S J. S a l (!�mi a t l m c I h,l ve t " prop 0' m i ne. ' I c rop 's 1 h at n (, �1 \', I . ' " '1 he Y ; l r n W (1 : p r e t t y goo d, J A t th [oo l .o f U 1 C' g,. rdl" 1 \V <lS ,I w:�, t ' ;! c! i d l dOllC'd hey t lll' l i I l' l l I I p m i l e l uk ('. ' ' 'r h . l ! ' s w lwl'(' t h :l !1 " "V c \\' C �' ( ' fo r 1 I l l' f i ' l i ::; l l : -- I f:l n c \' t h c\' \! h l l . l'd 1.0 b c , " s a i d h (' . r;eoplt' tbl' [ I , sl il n l l O i \\.' ' l SO ' I ll U Ollr. s k r ) '.'-\\, I D I I r fCl fa mOllS ( O n l y wo n--; e ry gocd 1'01' l i : r> ('o tm ( :' :,\' , t h !:! n l ' i g h b o l l l·huIKI. h NC' . ' l i m e. D l l t ! l O W you w (h ! l d l l ' t ,c:d g\)�� i p : D o n ' t you b�'hev i .. � ) ,,; i n , :\ .\' ,)1 f,!a :J O u l t o t l l ( ' rOJ.d : 1 �:! \l n r o f 1 : :":1 ('. r d0�" l k n n ", h �l \\' " A y " , I h u t : : \\' !W J'(' t lw I l1'\ '� fe l } ; ) \\ 1 11 a n a v ,' 1) 1 t c � l\ \ i I t is. \-T I l L' .r l \' ( ' r b n , l ' , ' ,\'(' I lo\\' 11"11 1t5 I Ccin N1 a g :lI l J : j Il t I J <.; cd ' 0 \) t' . b u ::; : Tl n jl } 8 1r ;" ',\':1 1 � 'N3 i t 1 l 1 C: fot' ( I' a l t �.)

1 , d v�· c d i Cl I .

J lJto 1 p a t r i r k " route l () :S I f c', t for DoC';-; n ' t i t m ; l k c ..1 n i c{' v i (! w '?

1.,..-i1 n ight o u t ! k e e p [ h i s spot as Cl le. \\' 1 1 , U5t'ct t At tbc cros.5-ro a d s there w as � I'm n l � b u t. . . a c h , ' :V C get ol rt , 1" I ' m n C'ci �' regu l a r forest 01 s i gn -pos , . very y oung, yOU k n o w. ' l k ll ()\ I; n � I w <! s I1CV (' l' a w ay o u t o f h c )'('. q u o te cm , . () t h a t .'- ou ' l w h e r w e a rc T h a ( ' s t h e hOll S > I \\';;s b o rn i n . " D, l l y c l a r e 5, L a m e 1 5 1 · Dl1 n<!or.

He told n w ( ) story o f ::l wcl ­ G l el1 g o rm l " .y t A n t n m ;) � . " l1 o w n m a n who Uf ;cd to come to 2 \ .

Tnmplep <l rick, "H wa.: fond of a Bel fast 1 1 � , nd h A w o m a n g o t on the bus a m i l e' vee h al f-un , " s(1 i d he.

Sh� got o fT a l3 a i T 0\.1 t down the road, \\' <1 S fond of f.aki n� w e e bo.' · s bu:;ines s On G lcn g-or m ley .

He c .d w a y s took h : s w e e a t I .) ,' walk , i n t h e rlcv. h o p p ing w i th h i m . but h e always took d o i ng hel' bo tl boy . me t ro po l i s : Cl bottle o f m i l k fo r t h e wr:e I l i ked h i m for h a t . " l e t te r t h e o t he r we"k 1 ft r o w ed had A roo, Cl' ero'\\' d , a n d in T r i n 1dad. The \\' ' i t - ) tl'd po.

Cl � wa n i rose smoke f' u a g 'l.l n , Th(' bi �n .-\ . B . on H . :\l .� . --- a lA s a :vellow \\' h(' t from f1 ll g " r l azy d p t c - l lll \ the uuder \ roLE' ov e r the he' ('<'}it;:};;e (' h i m �'-} lol o f th('� �----�--��----���--..����---------------

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I'M ' TIMES IN C O R P O ltA T I N C BallycI are REGISTERED AT THE

·

Carrickfergl!s · ·

73rd Year

a.po.

AS A :h'"EW8PAPER.

TH E LA R N E

T IMES

N ewtown abbey, ..

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Whitehead FOURPENCE ,

THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 1965. "

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THURSDAY, MAY 7, 1964. ...

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old times, when Made on the principle of the good woven �nd Goods Ya.ms were Home-spun and Ha,nd/ ..cle of un­ Gr:1Ss-ble3ched. th by producmg an a�t d fanuhes to, hand equa\lffi. durability, which enable onc generation to their Linens , as . heix.looms from

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. HAND-WOVEN' TABLE CLOTHS, SHE ETIN GS, LINE NS, OW PILL NGS, ELLl TOW G LASS CLOTHS; DUSTERS, &C,

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CAMBRIC POCKET HANDKER­ CHIEFS, REAL IRISH POPLINS ,tllIl

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REAL HANO-MADE' IRISH LACES, All at bona-fide Manufacturers' Prices for'Cash 0Iir' S,UIPLES' POST FUEE,

JO HN, WIL SON & S O N, (OF�BA.LLXMENIt.), .

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discovered. that must have been wielded by twisted withes of hazel or willow. Lignite occurs 'at BaUintor, Irish Hill, near Straid, and at other points.

Iron is very plentiful, but the number of men employed in mlght be much larger if the demand for ore was equal . miri f The Antrim Iron Ore Co., Ltd., works several to the supply. mines. notably those at Glenarm, Parkmore, and Glcnotrace, near Broughshane. Mines are being worked at Ballycraig. three miles from Port rush ; in the vicinity of Newtown Crornmelin ; at Glenravel, at Dlaugh, near Martinstown, and at �ybolo r, _ c T iie, four miles from Lame, by the trustees of the late Dr."Ril who took a deep interest in the development oUhis industry.

BallXilc, or alum stone, mining was begun at Irish Hill, near Bally�c1ar.e, -about fq�,tn yc;,ar�. �.9; To get at i1 a seam of lignite rour to eighteen inChes t'hICk was dug through.

The first quality stone shows from a t to 2 per cent. of iron. It is shipped at the Ballynure Station of the Ballymena and Lame Railway.

HoclI;..sil.lt was discovered by men in the service of the MarqUIS of1)ownshire, about thirty-five years ago while sinking in search of coal, in the vicinity of Carrickfergl1s. The deptb reached was QOO feet, but the head of the mine was only .750 feet. There nre four mines now working, employing in the aggregate over 100 men. The seam in each shows a thickness of from 30 to 100 feet.

The mountains of Antrim are all nam�d on the map anq their heights given.

Railways have been extended nearly all over the county. The Great Northern Company connects Armagh and Belfast and ' Antrim and Lisbum. The Belfast and Northern Counties Com­ pany connects Belrast and Portrush. taking in all the important towns en "Ollt�. It works the Carrickfergus and Larne Railway, and the Dallycastlc Railway, and not long ago acquired by pur­ chase the line between BfLllymena and Retreat, near Cushendal l.

This at present i s valuable chiefly in facilitating the shipment oC minerals.

I t also has a line connecting Londonderry and Tyrone Counties with Antrim by way of Cookstown Junction and Toomebridge. The 13allYlllena and Larne Railway, narrow gauge, brings into activl! association the business interesis of two of the most thriving towns in the Count)'. It passes through the l nver Valley, has a connecting line with Ballyclare, and takes in Doagh and KeUs. Between Portrllsh and tbe Giant's Causeway there is a tramway operated by electricity generated by water power near llushmills.

Over 1 .600 miles of road are maintained at the expense of the County. For sightseeing pur­ poses the most charming is that which rullS along the Coast from Lame to Ballycastle by way of Glenarm, Carnlough, and CushendaU.

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ward t o C l onetra e , a distan ce or n i ne mi les ; a n d from D un ­ gonne l l south -west ward t o Rathk e n n y , seven m i les ; thi o re be 1 orig i n a l l y 0 e up i cd a r gion o [ a b o u t

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e n t i t l e d to a s s u m e , t h e d n u d e i a rea o r th Gl n ­ ravel v a l l y . The u n i fo rmity is rende re d t he J o r e rema r k a b le b y the cessat ion o f a pr fitable mi n lng seam i n t h e n o rth-ea ster n p romon tory be tween Gl ena r i ff and C ar n lo u gh its com p l - t e essa tion a t New t o w n Crommel in a n 1 westw ard , and t h e vanish ­ as w e ' u e

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ore, paveln en t , " and good l i th omarg e n o r th 0[' The sl ight i nequ8..l i ties i n the ore bed a t Glenr

av 1 .

a.'t, Pa rkrn o re a n d e l c whc re -f o l' e. "a mp l e t he t h i l · ' [l ­ i ng o f t h e o rc i n hol l ows o f t he fl oor a n d t h i n n i n rr � i t o n t h e s u m ­ m i ts o f m i n o r elevat ions- are n o t s u fficien t l y impor tant to v i ti" t\... th e b road [act of the u n i formit y or the depo it tluoug hout th l arge a rc� m e n ti o ne d , The w r i t e r , there fore , sugge� ts that the latc ri sa t i o n here took p i n e i n the floors oL h ke s \v h i ch \.\ l' l

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T HE S O UT H ERI

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By l-I . J . SEY� IO U R .

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tract, hown in :en c onsiderab ly ' i ng ot the D p p r ven to the fleet le side of c ert a i l l mch rep rts arc to some e xtent )bably th e c a s e . )ceur, are n o t at

h occurr cl sub · , The d iffere nce .... herefore , a re for 1 a to b u ckling , ilar date. Suc'-'h l. inal floo r of th ­ ppos e d to hav : it wa approx i ­ 'ormity

p r evai l s

ostan Hill sout h-

LYLES

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u pper p r b n or t h i s h i l l cons i s t s o f ppe r Bn,sal t o v r · l.'; ing a zone of l ithOlnarge and bauxite ( Fig . :! l ).

Four adits have be n run into th e latter zone , exp ' i ng good section s, th ugh the total thickn ess is not s e e n an y ,,-here . p parent l ) , onl y the materi al excava ted to £01'111 these a d its was eve ' taken o u t , so that by far the g reater part of the o r e , wh ich arie a good deal in quality fr O ln point to point, is s t ill availa b l e . No work­ i ngs have tal en p l ace h e re for some ten years . .L orth o f the hill , a n d separa ted by a we l l defined hult r UI111 i ng approx imately N. V. and S . E . , w ith [l, downthrow on the nort he rn i c l e , i� anoth r a rea 1: Upper Basal t , t h scarp o E which i s v 1'y d istinct o n the s o u h e as t sid b ut gradua l l y d i es a\Il:.ly t owa rds the north -we, t .

There i. some v i den e ror th e c U l' ­ re n c e o l the lith omarge zone here als o , bu t it al most certai n i } t h i n s out a n d dies U'v,ray t o w a r is the � . \V. end o C t he Upper Basa l t o u tcrop , the b O llnde ry o f the l a t te r J.t this p oint b c i ng very obsc ure.

The nlaxin1 u m th ickness of the i ntel'ba saltic heds . e n luring my visit in any of the secti ns d i d n o t . 'ceed s i x feet, and thouoh they are certain l.: th ic ker , only i:he upper Th

T

-

,

90

l ikely to be or cOlnlnercial val u e . The is of basaltic origin, an d several res i d ua l " onions " o f basalt still remain to atte t this fact.

The lith n1arge at Lyles H i ll is partly re d and partl y '\vhite in colour, the two kinds being intim.atel y and irregularl y n1ix�d up togeth r, o a s t o make it c rtain that the l atter is merely a bleached yariet y of the former .

Orig inal ly the ,yhole o f the decomposed basalt was probab ly red in colour, and ultinlately the iron was leached out of certain parts in a very irregular fa hion an d concentrated in others. Th is supp osition is confinned by the fact that near the top of the zone the iron oxide is st ill more concentrat d, occu rrin as pi 'olitic grains of hematite in a n arly white or yel1m\'ish "' hite groun d . This white material is seen i n fiye

r

six feet

se n1

wh ole of the material

c o n tai n i ng grair: not bein Cl vel' sa me horizon , '" b sum mit is a me zo ne, appare ntly pa raJ lel to th e To

Acc ord ing to 1 be ds, l i ke those , on the ' i x -in ch fi( h re by Dr. Ri / '

m ottled l ithom al

.

- -

materi al has . lsc north an d south As the " a, h be \\�a y f ' m the .it! d l scre pan ' i es in the r ,is] n in thi or l i th om ar(1 '\'( . b en dCll � f l' the ir r e id cl in th loc asa lt cl se t [l.J Up l �Cl' Basa l t , o u t av a J la b J t o d te T, ,'o V i ' l l-s in ki l n t I i l l the llc igll am yg d al oid al ba � r"g .. I'd t t he s e , pu bli slw d o nc- incl of l�n o wch eftd ] ) sca rp scr ve s t ' d e be well t c lls i d

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2 1 .-SECTIO _ '

AT LYLES HILL. NEAR TEl\lPLEP ATn I CK,

(Aurru t,

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( d) B asalt, (c) Clay. 4 (b) Pisolitic (a)

1 0 to 1 2 feet . inches. iron ore , 1 4 to 1 8 jncl es, oyerlying red aluminolls bole, 4 feet.

Bole and lithomarge passing down into amygdaloidal basa lt, 4 - feet.

p lac s fQl'm i n er n a rrow J a n d o r b yers , s u ggc . ti n O' its formation aI on o' l ine s of wat r-circula tion , t hough m o rc ge11crally it oc c u rs in a patchy fashi on in the r d l i thonln ro' , th re bcing about n ,n equal amount of bot h k i n d s } re scnt. Analy is LYII. d isti netly s h o \'S t he bauxiti ' nature of } 1i1 rt of tl e m a teri a l . The p i s l it ic laycr i quite thin, measu r i n g not m o re tha. n a few inches, and the bulk of he nlaterial i s In'l t r i x , the p i so l it i c g ra ins not const itu ting more than _5 per (; cnt .

I n a thin t hon of one of the boles, tra ' c s of the o riginnJ basal tic tru · t u re rema i n , a . s is i ndeed ap pal' nt a l so to t hc u na i d ed eye. The rod s of felsp a r are re­ p l accd by <1, n isot rop ic sub ta-nee .

Between the l ithomarg c a n d the overly i n g basalt there occ u rs here, as el cwh re in the d i strict, a thin clay ey lay er, usuall y

Iro n orc Was x L IX . an d LX . ) .

Thcr i " li lt] t t he ph nt- b ' a 'iu g m uch Inure OOS ('l In 1 8 G , * at \\-hi<:J .

10

• So W. H. Bai l\_tll Cou nty of All't; I

91

The 'c i al valu e.

1 scv ra1 rcsi du::t l fac t.

Th

�

lith o-

lite in colo ur, thc i:x�d up togeth "r . lerely a bleached f t he dec omp osed tely the i r o n was ub r fash i on a n i � o n fir m d by l e )xide is stil l mo re

quartz, th e o r i g i n o r the latt e r Traces o f l ig nite occur also i n th same horizo n , but o n l y in ve ry small quant ity .

North or t he summi t is a Inassive dy ke o r ba sal t , cutting through the ore zone, apparently al ong a l i ne or faul t which run.� app roximately paral lel to the Inain fault line shown on t he map .

c on t ai n i n g g rain. '

and

cry tals of

n o t b e i n O' very obviou .

.

KNOWEHEAD. ( :\L\.P 3. )

!n1atite in a nea rl y mat e ria l is see n i n

Accor d i ng to the orig inal .Memoir p u b l ished in 1 876, " as h beds , " like tho se a t Bal l y p a l ady , O C C lU' here, a n d D u Noyer not cl on the six-inch field maps o f this area. that " i ron ore was raised here by Dr. Ritchie.

The b e d c ons i sts of bole and reddish mottle d l ithomarg .

T he Memoir : fUl'ther state t ha t " t h i material h'18 also been o b served i n small streams both to thc north an d south o f K nowehea d farm . " As the " ash beds » a t Ballypalady are qu ite di fferent i n v ry way £1'on1 the l i tho ma.r g es o E t he di�tr ict, there seem to be s me d ise reprmc i s i n the above qu oted passages. In the e u rse o f t h revi s i n i n t h i vie inity d urin g 1 00 8 , n o traces o f ash beds " or lithol1wrge were found in s·i tu, no r could any satis fa or y evidenc� for their occ u rr nce be obtained from person \ ho had re.. i ded in the l oe al j t y for t hir ty years or more. The columnar bas alt close to and east or I(now - head farm may possib l y be Upper BasL l t , b l l t th r i ' no e v i de nce of a sab ' rac tory har," te r available to d et e nni ne thi p o i nt.

T v.:o wel l -s i n kings o f t e n r-et and eight feet re pee tively were noted in the neighbourhoo d , and both were sunk entir 1y through anlygdalo i d 1 ba :lIt w i t h out reaching any lith omarg . \Vith pper Basalt not e d on the regard to the S o n d outcro p of pu blishe d ne- inch map (Sh t 28 ; d ate 1 8 7 4 ) as ccurri n g we. t of Knowehe'l d , no traces o f lithornarge occur, and n ot e ve n a scarp e rve ' to d e fin e the l imits or the Up per Ba a l t .

It w o u l d be well t o cons ider t h i s outcrop 3. S dou btful . "

.

l UCK .

(August, l S7 : ) .

erlying red alwninous

amyg daloidal bas alt,

'est i ng it

ronn ati � n

o'enera llv it o c c u r 111 b ein O' abJo ut an equal 11. dis tin ctly s h o v s T he pis litic lay er inches , an d the bu lk .ins no t con sti tut ing , o r one ot the bo les em ain , a s i s indeed ,ds of felsp ar a r e re '}

basalt there occ urs lay er, u sually

�lay e y

..

BALLYPALADY (BALLYMARTIN).

(}:IAP 3.)

Iron ore was extens ivel y wo rke d here at o n e time ( s e e Analyse ' LIX . and LX . ) .

Th r i .. little to a d d to the d escription already publ i.:5 hed o l t he pl ant- bea ring b e d s o f this l ocality , the section being in fact much more o b 'cure now than when e xami ned by Du :No y er in 1 8 68, * at which time quarry ing o peration we re i n prog res , .

• See w . H . Bailv, ' :::-:r otice o f Plant-remains Interstl'atified with the Ba.saJt" in t.he Count.y o f Antrim, " Quart. Journ. Geol. S oc. London, v o l . xxv. , 1 8li U .

7

{

C h . IX :

402 The

a ttracti on

whereby o ccup i ed ,

the

of

new

war

po ten t i al

l ocal

was

THE HO J..1 E FR ON T 1 942·44 industries

i n to

e ngi neeri n g

skill

depen d en t u pon

partly

Ireland ,

Northenl

c ou ld

be

war

further

years t o st

t h e extent to

th e degree of mobi lization

attai ned in Great Bri ta i n , and par tly upon the drive and urgency

w

1 938

w i th wh ich the case for the transfer of industrial projects to North ern Irelan d was pressed.

In this sphere, the establ ishment of an effective

Produ ction Co unc i l wi th i ts Execu ti v e was in some sense a turning po i n t .

D uri ng tbe period whe n th e mach i nery for the co-o r d i nation

of war pro d u ction i n N orthern Irel and was defe ctive , occas i o n s when

th ere were

co ntr a c ts were not accep ted and proje c ts fo r the

208,97

Grit

75 , 4 1

Limestone S;l.nd

and Gravel

99, 1 i 35

Co;>.l

But, after 1 942, this

b u i l d i n g of new factory pre m i ses not d eveloped .

5.2S'

On the contrary, the s u bsequen t

sort of d i sap p o i n tment was rare.

h i s tor:y of engi n eeri ng in Northern Ire l and is largely o n e of new Many exa mp les might be q u ote d :

achievements.

the

c omin g

2,31;

into

production, early i n 1 943, o f a b all-bearing fac tory empl oying up to eigh t h u nd red

men

a n d wom en ; the comp l eti on of t h e torped o factory

at An tri m for the A d m ir al ty , cap a b l e of employ i ng some 1 , 200 workers; the com i ng in to war prod u ct ion of some four or five o ther factories" i nclu d i ng one at B a nbrid ge , one a t Belfast, a third at B a ngor, and

a

fo u r th, opene d in 1 944, whi ch prod uced j e t tisonable fuel tanks. Though the d i fficu l t y of fin ding man ageri al talent, met prev io u sly 'when the l arger fi rm s \\'ere se t t i ng u p d i sp ersa l factori es , was encoun tered again, yet here d u ri ng the years 1 942-4 is

a

record of i n i ti a t i ve a n d d iversi·

fi ca t i o n in war pro duction, which affords an i l l um i n a ting commen tary u p o n t he rel a t i \ e s uccess of th e Pro d ucti on Cou nci l .

The development of th is

aspect of

Ire l a n d l argel y depended u p on an

the

a d equ a t e

war

o rthern

effort i n

s u pply of

raw

m a terials.

V i ew i ng this

it is clear that t

comp arison bet' Bri t a i n may be the u nknow n.

happen ed.

But

pulsio n h a d bee for i nd us tr y

ir

e ngi neerin g i n (

, the ulti mate re: and p l a nes and

Bec a use the b u l k of the 'coal, iron, s t e el and even t i m ber h a d to be imp orted , acu te p robl ems of s u pply an d also of tra n spor t arose . Those connect e d w i th su pply were dealt w i th in the m a i n by the Materia ls C o m m i t tee of the Pro d ucti o n Execu t ive in L o n d o n , work i ng in

co·

op era ti on w i t h the appro pr i a te d e p artments of the Un i ted Kingdom G o v ernm e n t, the M i n i s try of Commerce and the larger firms engaged o n war prod u c ti on i n Nor thern Ireland. a n d this involved a d h e rence to

a

flex ib le system of pr i ori ti es and d i s tr i b u t i on .

The fact was that

N or th ern Ireland 's own m i n eral resources were l i m i te d ; apart from supplies of s u ch commodi ties as sand} gri t, b r i ck-cl ay and l i mes to ne, there were only small d ep o si t s of coal, b a u x i te an d d i atomi te, and d e pos i ts of low-grade iron ore. Si nce it was in the

i ns ign i fi can t

n a tional i n tere s t to ex tract every ou n ce of these b a sic ma terials horn the homelan d , and si nce the vast bu i ld ing programme for the armed services

in

N orthern

Irel a nd 1

necess i ta ted

using

locally

q u arried

m a ter i al s as much as poss ible, vi gorous e fforts were m a d e d u ri n g the -------

1

See above, Chap ter VI II, p p . 326- 9 .

f\)o� l�� W�ck Wc1.K

\�

� W

. The dri ve t< w i th d i fficu l tie wa s

long, ard u

ing to u ti lise t h e l p ed h i m,

research l a bor

of pro blem s.

Stat istics , ere 2 A i l icco l ls r( ceme nts and 0'1 1

kie�eJ gu hr)

de�(

Un ited K ingdo� 3 The m ost im .4 A dark -co loUI w ere requ ired i Nort hern lre laJ

�-44

A GR I C UL T URE wa r

of

ye ar

. ive and

to s t i m u l a te p rod uction. The foll owing s ta t i s t icsl indicate to w h ich the resources of

mob i l i za ti

an

effe ct

1 93 9

1940

208,977

210,820

1 36,543

95,280

Limestone

75 , 4 1 2

6 1 ,307

59,747

135,949

Sand and Gravel

99, 1 77

82,979

96,946

350

320

400

Grit

sense a tur ni the co-o rd ina t '

�

ctive, th ere

Coal

p rojects for

I t, after 1 942, " the su bsequ el1 ge l y one of the co mi n g i employing up

)me l ,200 worke rs;

ve o ther facto ries.

at

and a Thou gh

B a n gor,

uel tanks .

: v i o u sly when the ncoun tered agai n. i a t i ve an d d i versi­ ating co m men tary il.

5 .28 1

6.441

p rovince were exploited:

1 94 1

1943

1944

354,363

362 , 1 0 8

40 1 ,0 1 4

236,547

223 ,667

1 1 3 , 169

122.042

108. 830

504, 1 06

65 1 . 825

28 1 , 536

196 . 2 1 2

21 9,268

416

410

480

550

680

6,555

570

(Tons)

Nil

Nil

Iron Ore

1 942

N il

4 , 74 9

15. 34 1

24 , 57 2

1 8 , 774

25,408

9,958

Nit

12,883

95. 724

1 07,924

4 3, 799

36,397

2,325

10,570

13,728

13,392

1 3 .286

I J ,006

1 1 . 043

1 2 . 479

425 ,0 1 5

463,888

603 . 1 84

1 , 684, 69 1

1 ,650,56 1

1 , 137,4 1 4

673,476

529, 7 1 7

as a

whole,

Vie w i ng this part of the war e ffort in N or the rn Ireland

i t is clear that the conscr iption iss u e c u ts across i t so widel y that any

comparison b e tween ach ieveme n t i n N o r t hern Irel a n d and in Great

We have to balance the k n own a gainst the u nknown. S uch s tatis t ics a s a r e available tell u s w h a t actu ally bappened. B u t wh a t would have h ap p e n ed if the p r i nciple of com­ pulsion h ad been stringen tly a p p l i ed to the mo b i l i z ation of m a npower for ind ustry in N or thern I reland ? Perh aps the capac i ty of the eng i neeri ng i n dustry would have b ee n u t i l ised more q u ickly ? Ye t

Bri tain may b e m i s l ead i n g.

,

the u l t i ma te res u l t in term s of war production i n such forms as ships and

planes

a n d guns m ight not h ave been

IV. The drive

to

with difficu l t i es. was

ing

so very different.

AGRIC ULTURE

produce more food in N orthern Ireland was fr aught Tho u gh the farmer might give o f his best, his work

long, ard u o us, exhausting and some t i mes dishearteni ng. to u ti l ise the l a nd of

helped

him,

from

Ulster

co ttage

of pro b lems.

it

was

in

l s i c materia l s lme for the ar locally e

qu

m ade d u r i ng

In seek­

to the best advan tage, he and all who

and

Co u n ty

Agri cult ural

research lab ora tory and gove rnment office, had to

lce

1945

1 3 ,991

Nil

.

le torpe do factory

the

1 938

u

jects to N o n t of

403

These ranged from the s uppl y of

Commi ttee,

co ntend with a hos t a gricu l tural labour,

by the Mini stry of Commerce.

2 A sil iceous rock used as a chem i ca l absorbent, as an ingred ient of certain cem ents and g l a ze s and for v a rious other industrial purposes. The di a tomit e (or ki eselgu h r) d p o s i ts in Northern Ireland are the most extensive and valua ble in the Uni ted Kin gdom .

3 he most impo r t a n t ore used in the manufacture of alumin i u m .

• A dark· coloured volca n ic rock, used exten iveIy for road m e ta l . H u g e q u anti ties Wer e requ i red in 1 94 1 and 1 942 for the tarmac runways on the aerodromes built in Nor ther n Irela nd .

1 Sta tistics were suppl ied

'l'HE ROCKS OF ANTRUI.

[to.

England.

colDmenced,

'

At. Antiville, similar but not so extensively

'l'HE !tOCKS OF ANTRIM.

mining. has o.s

at 101-

waugbter, although /it has the advRnt:age of

being nearer tue port. At Ballycraigy th ere i. also an abundance of similar orc-in fact, the whole vicinity ahoupds with it, and tramways ought to be laid fro�n ,the different mines to 'th e port, for there is an abundance of ore to encoura.ge the outlay of judicious tramways, that the natural resou rces of th.epe localities may bc, de v el oped to their fullest extent. The argili cious ore y i elds about 30 to �5, and the hematite from 50 to 60 per ce nt. of mag' . .

lletic iron.

.

.

'" 'tb,ere flre two iron quarries wrought very exten­ sj/'elY"by'Dr. Ritchie in Minett's Hill, near Bally­ pal lndy. The Northern Counties nail way runS �

thf��gh them, by which the ore is carried to Belfast, �n,� .�hipped for England. There are about 18,000 fi9ns annually taken from these mines, and the ore j�, ��ldjn high estimation for. mixing with the richer kinds: I understand that it forms a first-cJn�s flux '�Pr�n t4� mixed, owing to its con tained silicate of alumina. This ore cOll tnins from 30 to 35 per cent., ���.the lithon;n.rge 20 PCl',CCJ;l t. of iron. The qu arl'Y OD the .North side of' the line of railway contains, �t, th e, t9P , twelve fee t offriable basalt; about twenty il}cbes' ,of' lignith ; red ochre, illtel'stl'atafied with lijholDlLrge, and mixed with boulders, about thirty­ two feet. A similar n.l'rangement occurs a little further ' along the li ne towards Templepatrick, "

13l

' place ;,'; the South, only th�t th'e ochre tak es "�r Tthe 'friable' b �.salt 'and overlies the lignite. In 'other portions" of'; these ,quarries� 'th e... arr�ng ement �:iffcrs a.: li�tle,' ,r:. 'he�vy' body' )0£ , iro� fore of g�ea.t 'depth somet�es occurring from tbe �urfnce of �le grouD�, and again uqde,r six ,feet or �h� b ou.1dc�Jlp . . ) I Fr These mines a.re the prinCIpal of the b¥altlc 011es ' � S?rne'.wiuor 0f!�s are ' tb at ar� i,n' f1f�l pp erat io l1: I t b eiuo-" tl'ied . Of M any indications of valuable lIlmes 'a.r'e ' � e�; 'iD: the ,hIo��ia.u;,' bebind'. Qajr'11ough, wh�ch � e�bi6itJ a�'; �b;n<i.;��e r:, o( ore; ' and ' i n , the hill of oflGlencly; 'other outcrops of ' �t. th·e·h��d 'e�lli��ne . " ' . . this'mineral are,everywhere con�pl�UOUS, C?�t�lse localities 1 TherC enumerate But' wby inl�nd ' and I' � I I. ' �I O k "is � complete slieet of iron Ol;C" Il)ore pr IeSB t hle , throug4out the whole bas�ltic are" of Antrim ; �!ld , and a. sel�ctIon 'the onit thIng wauti?g is entcrpru,le �1��e9 s, th� :nost av��lable locali�i� ' irQn treasures of the county. ,, ' " I I .r lncl�ili�i·'th;' pr�duce of the iro� mines of the ��'b(miferou� rocks witil' tha.,t of the �asalticJ thex:c 'Will"bcl very littie le�s t�au , b��w'Cen 50,090 and :ear. , I:o� is ,�ealt. ' 6 6;000 tons of ore shipped \his ) to 'any country, and. Antrim has It, but l� h�5 , \d en the few exceptions mentioned). It Illvltes (with . tb'e speculato r ; '�nd '�·�lile he developes tbe r?sourcc �f the county, they will. richly repay h,m, At pr�sent'thi.s ore' is found ' at all �\eight.s, from t-n:o h�ndred to iwelv� hundred feet above ,the sea.,

the

·

I

. •

I

'

, , '

f

, '

�.o,�,�?��,the

:�.f

� �

, ... ,

.�

,

,

"

J

'

�

Cam lough and Glenann Small trial pits and severJI adits are recorded above Gnrtin Quarry and at White Hill, west of

Camlough.

Around Glenann. the Alllrim Iron Orc Corn·

pany carried on small·scale mining in the later 1 800s. Activity is recorded at Unshina gh.

Cullinane, and FaLmore in Glencloy, and at Glore.

Glebe and Libbert West in Glcnarm. Only at Cull inane and Glebe. however. do small spoil heaps remain.

Ki lwaughter Area l>uring the anos. a number of ad i l s were also workcd along the scarp between Agnew' s Hill and Shanc's Hill, of which little evidence now

survives.

Bauxite Mining Alumini um lends itself to a wide variety of uses on ar.:l:OLLIII of its strength, light ness and nOI1-

rusl ing . Like i ron, it naturally occurs ill the oxidc

fonn. the principal orc of which is bauxite, and which was commonly as....ociatcd with the 'pave­ ment' underlying the pisolilic iron ore.

As output from the iron ore mjnes began to decline in the 1 8805, so bauxite was increasingly

worked. For the most part. however, it was too highly contaminated with iron to be of much use;

only where overlain by lignite was it found to be reasonably pure. On account of ilo.; indifferent quality. it was best suited to the manufacture of

alum (alumini um sulphate), rather than process· ing into pure aluminium .]'

Frol11 the 1 880s onwards, several mines which had hitherto cx tractcll iron ore exclusive ly. also

began to ex.tract bauxite. "nese included Ihe An­ trim Iron Ore Company's mines around Trostan,

and the Crommclin Mining Company's under· takings at Essathohan. Spinal's Drift. Cargan.

Evishacrow. Tuftamey. and Parkmore. A new mine was also opened by the Crommelin Mining Company on Skerry H i l l . jllst no rt h of Newtown

Cromrnciin. Else where, Ihe Eglin toll Chemica l Company worked the Cull inane and Libbcrt

Iron ort' om' h(lll.xiu prodlU.:tiufI ;/1 Co AI/mm. 1860-194 5.

250

Mines to the cast and south of Glenann respec­ tively.]6 With the exception of the Tuftarney and Libbert mines. spoil heaps survive in all instances.

Baux.ite production peak.ed in 1 883, with <In output of 1 3 ,500 tons. and again during 1 9 1 7 with 1 5 ,000 tons. Although iron ore mining ceased in the 1920s. bauxite mining continued into the

I 930s, the Essathohan mine being the last to close in 1933. In all. some 300,000 tons of alu­ minium ore had been mined in the area.

The need for aluminium-framed aircraft dur­ ing World War II created an unexpected revival in bauxite mining. The principal mine was at LyJes Hill, near Templepatrick. Within the

AONB, a new mine was opened on the eastern nanks of Skerry Hill (36g), the substantial tef­ raced spoil heaps of which are still evident on the slopes above the road. Between them. the mines produced almost 300,000 IOns of ore (equivalent to 60,000 tons of aluminium) in the period 1941-

During the Cretaceous period. some 100 million years ago. much of Co.Antrim was overlain with White Limestone. COlTllllonly known as 'chalk', it was subsequcntly covered by basalt. and is now only exposed west of 8al lycastle, at Murlough Bay. Knocklayd. and along the coastal scarp between Waterfoot and Lame.

Although used to some extent as a local build­ ing stone. the chalk is inferior to basalt in this respect. Until the earlier 19005, it was mainly burnt for use as fe rtilizer and in lime mortar. It was also quarried on a larger scale for industrial purposes from the l11id-1800s onwards.

Burnt Lime When spread over a tield. chalk. (almpst pure

45, as much a.o.; had been produced in the entire

calcium carbonate) reduced the ilcidity of Ihe

period of pre - War working.

area's pealy soils. to the hetlenncnt of cereal cultivation. To make it usable, it was necessary to reduce the qu'lrried rock 10 relatively small

(a/ter 11.£. W;/son)

particles. It was impractical. however. to set up

rhou�3nds

"f

1.3 Limestone Quarrying, Kilns and Whiting Mills

expensive crushing machincry at every quany.

tons

or indeed to transport the bulky rock to a central

Hladband Ironstone

processing unit.

BaUXite 200

Fortunately chalk could also be reducet.l by

I ron ore

subjecting it to intense heat. For this purpose lime kilns were erected adjacent to 1110st quar­

ries. TIlcse arc invariably of rubble bllsait or chalk construction, with a circular charging hole on top and draw hole at bottom. For ease of filling. they were often cut into the hil lslope. the back of the slope aCling as a ramp to the charge hole. Having started a fire inside the kiln. alter­ nate layers of chalk and coal (sometimes peat and lignite) were added continuously. The result­ ant powdery mixture was removed at the draw hole and dispatched throughout the area for spreading on the fields. l1le ir operation is vividly described by the novelist Will iall1 Thackeray in 1842: 'As one travels up the mountains at night. the kilns may be seen lighted lip in the lonely places. and !lur­ Collapsed entrance 10 balt.tile min�, SlcerT)' Easl.

24

�ak± U.er(\�

ing red in the darkness."

.' ,j!t��� {:/.> '.� '�.: (r ��: . �:" ::'. ' .' ; ' . . . ·L ;i· <,:, ., � �" , '(' � � '-', ' \" " t' f.. ���{;:!.:' . :��" �:" -� :<-�' < � '�". . ' . ' ,. . ' �.. . : . .: . "' � � li'- t"' :�","' L4_ ' ,": . . ;')

•

.

,

;, . , , :

..

•

.I L'-':

.;

.

.

'

. ,' •

"

"

.

•

.

'

.'

•

"

.

'

.

.

.

. . �: .'

'

.

.

.

� .- . .

.

' ..

'

TI-J ;.:�·

..

·

�ALLY CRAIG Y

�� s week •

" t.

•

we

give

�U OR, AN TRI1\I.

in gs 1

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ill u strati o n of D ally.. ceilin . 1\!an or, n e a r Antri m , tlle r e sid e n c e of . m all Y c;raigy James Chll.ine , E sq. , J . P . , which i s at p re s e nt l out il . : undergo in g extensive altcrn.tion � und e n l arge · centr · . .. . . . , . ;.. .. �. . . . .. ments . The front of th e old s t r ll ct u rc , 110 \\- 1\ 11 (1 : . form ing the left 'Villg o f t h e n c \v h n il d i n � , i t i � � a�d which wa s origin a l ly o f Italiall de sign of I a s t o t h e plain est ch ara c t e r , is b eing r e c a s t , a s S illll) l ga ncl� ' �own in the view. ' :' : r�.·.J . . .. · ' .:.':··: :<, .,· . : . rIght wing, ,vhich is c n tirel y n e \v , ing s · . an " area : . of abo·:Q t . · thirty - six square s , paint .. \:,?2.-�;��::��t·: : ·:� : ·� < · �'.- :.'. .:..... . .>aiicl ' provId es tb.:e 'followi n cY a'c co nlniod ntion :��<.� .: ;:\ ;)/>\ < · ::.� /;·. :: : . :· : . J, . ; .. : .

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Bo th Green we1 l 9 5 a n d 110r t i mer9 6 h a ve l eft Inany acco u n ts o f b a r r o w s i n Ea t Yorkshire whi c h were e re c t e d over a fu neral pyre and w h i c h exh ibite d , i n a d di ti on-tho ugh i t i n o t clear fro m the a c c o u n t s whether a l l these fea t u res c o - e xi s t e d i n a n y o n e barro w- the fo llowing para ll ·ls to Lyl es Hill : I. 2.

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(I

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to 4 feet i n height) a nd rou n d ( 5 0 to 60 fee t i n d i a meter .

The pyre ext end ed ou th-eas t o r sou th-so u t b -east of t he centre.

3. I n ad d i ti o n to the rna i n pyre, fires had frequentl y b een l i t over o ther parts o f the a rea on which t he b a rrow was erec t e d .

1 . Burn t a n irnal bon es (ox) pig and sheep or goat) frequently accompan i e d t h e crc ­ rn ations a n d i n SOIne cas es t he ani m a l b o ne s , a t l e ast, were a l s o fo u n d s c £!.ttered t hro ugh the mat eri al o f the b a rrow.

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5. Flints and pot he rds o ften in " e normous quanti ti es J ) were fo u n d t hroughou t t h e b a rrows, b u t most p l entifully " on t h e o l d s u rfa c e l i n e u n d er thenl . " 6 . H ol es o r trenches fi l l ed with e a r t h , s t o n es an d " unc tuous n1 a t ter ) ) s u nk into the g round be l o w t h e barro ws .

are

freq u ntly

7 . Th e b arrC '.l.iS occasionally cover an inc o m p l e t e circle of stones . In one instance, i t s ho u l d b e a d d ed ( ViOl"ti mer Barrow No . 5 S ) " o n the insi d e o f o n e sl a b w ere t races o f a few fa i n t l y i n cised l i n es from two to t h ree i nch(�s i n lc ng t h . " 1l 7

Both G reenw 1 1 and Morti lner o ffe r t h e s a n; ::; ex pbu a t i on o f the occ urren e f fl i n ts and sherds thro ugh the body o f the UalTO\'vS . T h ey are found i n S a l , e i n s t anccs , s ays Gr e n ­ wel l , " i � l s Ll c h q u a n ti ti es a s t o su ggcst the i d c ;l t h a t t he persons W h 0 were engaged i ll throwin g u p t he barrow, sc at1'ercd thcm, fron\ t i m e to t i m E:, cl u ri n o- the p rocess . " vVh i l they nlay b e t h e r em a i n s of vessels bro ken at th\.- fun r a l feasts, he go es o n , " V I sho u l d t he n e x p ec t to h nd many p i eces bel onging to t h e sa me vessel rnore freq uen t l y t h a n i s t h " case.

Si mil arl y he dis misses t h e i d e a tha t th ey a r e c a�ual scrapi ngs fro m o l d habitation

l evels, u ti l i zed ill the m a k i ng o f t he b a rr ow) b ecause t h e y occ u r in r u b b l e cai rns a s \vcll a in e arthen barrows . And he reinforces t his wi,i h an argunlcnt which I have used a bove, t h a t " the n u nl b e r ( o f fl i n ts ) i n s �:)ln e rn o u nds is so very l a rge as to p recl u d e the i de a t ha t t h ey c a n e v e r have l ai n o n t h e surfa ce i n q u an t i ties s o great a s t o a cc o u n t for t hat a b un ­ d ance . " The co nc1 usj on they r e a c h i s t h a t the offeri ngs s y mbolised s o nl e religious i d r. a , " a n d G reenv;ell makes t h e reference t o H a m l e t -Nhich we h ave no ti c ed ahove. H e ex p l ai ns as acci d ental , ho \� ver, the anilnal bones freq u entl y fou n d burn t i n cren1a i o ns , t hough he t h i nks t h ey rna y q u i t e pos ibly " r pres n t a n i m a ls kill ed a t t h e fu n e ral and b u rn t \·v i t h t he bod " . � ' l\1 0 rt i n1er regards t h e b roken a ni m a l bones a s " the remains q fc as ting d u ri n g the fu neral o bseq u i e. an d t h e m a k i ng o f the n1o u nd . " ,�

''\Thether t h e a n i n1 a l s w e r e s a cri fi ced a n d b u r n t en tire a t Lyl es H i l l o r whethrr t hei r r eln a i n s were b u rnt after fea s t i ng j t is i nl possi ble to s a y. bu t it '\'\'ill be r e rrle lnbered t h a t a d eer's l eg ha 1 been burnt e n t i re . I n a n y c as e , bu rn t anirnaJ bones \-vcre Cl gen eral i n t h cairn t ha t I t hink t h e i r burning 111 US t be regar d ed a s an integral p ar t o f t he ri fu a l .

\\T hen we come t o c on s i d e r an e x pl a n a t i o n o f t h es lnass remations or I ' rit u al h o l o cau sts ) ) a wi d e fi e l d of s p e c u l ation i s op en.ed . Curren t o pi nion looks wi th disfavour o n catas trophic ex p l a nati o ns-the o c c a si o n o f \-v a r o r t he occu rrence of an e p i d emi a n d t o s peak vag u ely o f fu n erary rites is to s b i rk the iss u e . I f w arc rj g b t i n regarding t h e re ma ti on o f t h e yo u t h ( o r rriai den ) i n t h e c e n tral cis t as prin1 ary> t h e r e is every po:;si b i l i t y 11 5

\\ . Grccnwcll, British Barrows

J. R . MO" limcf, For!)' Tears' 9 7 Gp. cit . , p . r oo .

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Researches ill East Yorksh ire 1 905,

66

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•

By Ecldle Mc:IIwaIne s

ch es I ti es past ill D onegor �_ ___

WHEN a lark sin�s over Donegore H I l I from the top o f which on a clear day six counties can he seen, it could be sounding a lament for Sir Samuel Ferguson ( 1 8 10- 1 886).

For the p< t, cholar and patnot i httle

buried rn the there,

It was SIT S a m u e l , descended from a n ancient Highland clan, who wrote ng "The Lark the cia le in the Cle' r Air." On a good d a y in summer on Donegore Hill you could imagine that Sir Samuel, a barrister by pro� ion. had written it here at a place he loved. retired frolll When h the bar he became the fir t d e p u t y k e e pe r of the records of Ireland.

to

And he always loved to thrnk of home even when he was off rn l.ondon on busine s.

Once on a vi. it to Westmin ter Abbey SIr Samuel wrote: A m I d t h e t o m bs of Engl,lOd's dead I h ard the Holy Scrip­ ture read

matters church There has bc n on Donegore HIli since 1306 and th present St John's of which Margaret is church warden d te back to ( 651).

the Horse, Nincomp<)op. , DIeting and even Lon -

lOgS,

country oman In Rogers, Down Kilt sadly dIed I t V ar.

Sad note fQI;..---"� Orbiso n fans

Ea on's or 10 v ilable dIrect fmm the author at 63 Shetland Garden , Bal­ lymena), McKendry d al rn 111 pirational vcr Finally there I� "Vcr tile VeTS .. a book of P<lems bv Emily PitcalthJe of Grandmere Park, Ban­ gor who writes on ubJects hke TIme and Ag , Harry

be an ancient burial ite Tradition has it that a souterrarn lead, from the moat to 'I e mplepatrick or even Doagh It Isn't known when the hUllt at ,I fir t chur Don�gore, but it may have been a m 11 building of mud and thatch or a plain rectangular on of tone.

I 7 I)!! H e n ry Joy In to fled MeCracken Don gore Hill after the Battle of Antrim and tried to rail} hI men , but on Iv a few we re left and re � i t"d. t nce Today St John's stand, proud ,rnd restored on a site \\ hich IS onc of the most pictur que 1 0 ( 0 Antrim.

• ONE of the best known ne,,'s voices fram thn ide of tht ,,'aJer on BBC NaJiona/ Radio is signing off. David Capptr, Irish Affairs corrr. pondtnt for the Bub is "tiring. He will M fadtd out on New Year 's Eve afttr a carttr spanning 27 years with the CorporaJion,

he write stull lro poet Kitty .. A Strangford Wrnter" is publi 'hed pnvately and proh WIll be gi�en to the Ulster ane r Foundati n.

I'm ure Kilty would be delighted with the illu�tra­ tions by Alison Brown of Florencecourt Another book of poems published pmately i Dan McKendry's " Poetry from an Ulster Heart" (£3 and

It ne ties, says Margaret,

lO the shelter of Donegore Moat whieh b believed to

(rom I like thIS on Emily.

II one is a f lur I f they keep on keeprn on And keep theIr e n of humour 8e it weak or be it trong So If you reach your tether's end lie on a piece of rope And carry on regardle But never give up hope

On the right tracks

1 T

y e a r s ago H I RTY Templepatrick was a sleepy village on the main road from Belfast to Antrim - today it has expanded and is a popular residential area with commuters, thanks to its proximity to the

M2 .

But it was not always a bastion of middle-cla,� respectability.

Two hundred years ago it was a hotbed of activity for the United Irishmen.

The centre of their activities was the Meeting House, now the Old Presbyterian Church. This was hardly surprising, since a number of leading Presbyterians were involved in the leadership of the movement.

The United Army of Ulster was set up in 1 778 when ships belonging to France and Spain, which had decided to back the American struggle against the British, were seen off the coast of Ireland.

The people of Belfast, fearing inva�ion, formed a volunteer company in May 1 77K Towns t h rough o u t I re l a n d soon followed suit.

October 1 4 ma rks the 200th a n n iversay of the execution of Wi lliam Orr. A wealthly Co Antri m fa rmer, he was hanged i n Carrickfergus Castle for admin isteri ng the U n ited I rish men's oath. ROY WINTER exa m i nes the events wh ich led to Orr's death . . .

From the beginning these volunteer companies were not subject to military discipline thel! officers were elected by the ranks and all decisions of importance were taken by consensus.

Early in 1 7<0/., delegates from a number of Ulster companies m e t in Dungannon and produced what was in effect the Volunteer manifesto, demanding proper legislative inde{X!ndence for the already existIng Irish

parliament.

In June of that year, the Irish parliament began to formally mitiate its own legislation, but being hidebound through more than 200 years of inactivity, it soon became meaningless and the Volunteer movement went into gradual decline.

The French Revolution stimu­ la;ed aggressive thinking in Bel­ fast, and following a meeting in Peggy Barclay's tavern on April 1 , 179 1 , The Society of United

Carrickfergus Castle: Where William Orr was hanged.

Irishmen was set up, founded by William Drennan and Samuel Nelson, and joined in October

by Dublin lawyer Wolfe Tone.

The United Irishmen rapidly became a secret subversive organisation dedicated , in Tone's words, to "substituting the name of Irishman for that of Protestant and Catholic".

However, sectarian rivalry for land was bubbling just under the surface, and Protestant and Catholic defence groups were set up.

In September, 1 795, Catholics attacked the Protestant Peep o'Day Boys tavern at the Dia­ mond in Armagh and were defeated in a pitched battle, which led to the founding of the Orange Society, later to become the Orange Order.

The government, fearing the power of the United Irislimen among the Protestants and Catholics of Ulster, ordered the north to be disanned in 1 797.

This was done with ruthless efficiency, and that year one of the Presbyterian leaders of the United Inshmen, William Orr,

rmer re an was hanged at Carrickfergus Castle.

William Orr was a wealthy farmer from Farranslane, near Antrim. He had been arrigned at Carrickfergus for admimstering the United Irishmen's oath to a soldier named Wheatley.

Baron Yelverston sobbed as he sentenced him, such wa� the loaded evidence presented.

Local people showed their dis­ gust at the sentence by leaving the town.

On the day of Orr's execution , October 14, 1797, infantry and cavalry were deployed and two artillery weapons were set to cover the Belfast road, for fear of trouble.

It is reported that after the rope was placed round Orr's neck he exclaimed "I am no traitor, I am persecuted for a persecuted country. Great Jeho­ vah receive my sou\. I die in the faith of a true Presbyterian."

(Trial of W Orr , Callwell Collec­ tion, Belfast Museum).

The Meeting House in Tem­ plepatrick belonged to the Blue Battalion of the Belfast Volun­ teers and on the disarmament of the Volunteers two bra� six­ pounders were kept back and gi ven to Templepatrick man James Gault and Rowley Os­ borne.

The guns were taken to Oun­ adry paper mills and then to Or Agnew's house in Templepatrick before being taken under cover

of darkness to the Meeting House and hidden under a seat.

Surprisingly, only one of the guns wa� brou�t to Antrim, but It was only tired twice before coming to grief. The other was not lifted out of the Meeting House.

The first year of liberty for the United Irishmen was to be 1798.

Of their 5OO ,CXX) membership, 100,00') were from Ulster. The rising started in Wexford, and while the conflict rapidly took the form of a religious war in the south, the Ulster Presbyterians had a more political agenda.

am no traitor, I am persecuted for a persecuted country. Great Jehovah receive my soul. I die in the faith of a

SACRED To the Memory of

I

WILLIAM ORR, Who was offer'd up at Carrickfergus, on Saturday, the 1 4th of October, 1 797: an awfu l Sacrifice to IRISH FREEDOM, on the Altar of British Tyranny, by the hands of Perjury, thro' the influence of Corruption and the Connivance of PARTIAL JUSTICE!!

true

Presbyterian Henry Joy McCracken was made commander-in-chief of the United Army of Ulster and on June 7, his army took Lame and A n t ri m , b u t defe a t was inevitable, and McCracken wa� executed in Belfast on June 17.

By the time Wolfe Tone arrived with a French force the rebellion wa� over and Tone wa� captured. Rather than be hanged, he committed suicide.

Ironically the failure of the rising was to lead directly to the Act of Union being pac;.sed and on January 1801 Ireland became part of the United Kingdom.

O! Children of ER I N ! when YE forget HIM, his Wrongs, his Death, his Cause, the injur'd RIGHTS OF MAN: nor these revenge : May you be debar'd THAT LI BERTY he sought, and forgotten in the Hist 'ry of Nations; or, if remember'd, remember'd with disgust and execration, or nam 's with scorn and horror!

No, Irishmen! Let us bear him in stadfast Memory; Let HIS fate nerve the martial arm to wreak the Wrongs of

ERIN,

• The Rev Or John Nelson .

1 of William Orr and the part of

the Templepatrick Presbyterian congregation in the 1798 rehel­ lion, on Tuesday, October 14 at 7.4Spm, at the Old Presbyterian Church in the village.

and assert h r undou bted

Let

laim : -

ORR b e the watch-word to LIBERTY!

Notice: The card was distributed among Orr's supporters after his execution.

JUt m

WllIllJl

!I

UUI W-

:Iection on our present-day .ifestyle. There is no doubt that :he telly has been largely re­ ;ponsible for ruining the art of ::onversation. In the pre-elec­ ;ronic age, life may have been a

!I�M t6 H�I\ o!her, yarns were told and jokes were exchanged.

When children were bored and the weather was bad, they played games like draughts or snakes and ladders. For our news bulletins we turned on the

FLASHBACK

...

never saw another show about cookery, DIY or buying holiday The homes abroad. programme-makers seem to have lost imagination, and operate on the premise that, if something works the first time, re-

DIGGING

IT was thanks to the Royal Air Force that archaeologists made what turned out to be one of the most Important archaeological dlscov­ erl.. In Ireland durlne the summer of 1937.

An RAF aerial photoeraph revealed that a prominent earthwork at Lyle Hili, some 10 mll .. west of Belfast, was slenlflcantly la"er than the many other raths and forts that dotted the surroundlne countryside between Tem­ plepatrlck and Hydepark.

Curious about the structure, Wine-Commander Wrleht subsequently drew the photoeraph to the attention of experts at Belfast Municipal Mu.eum, and after an Initial Inspection of the ,round revealed a surprisingly la"e number of pottery fraements, a full-scale die was or­ eanlsed by the Prehistoric Research Council for Northern Ireland on the museum's behalf.

The excavation of the area was carried out by E Estyn Evans, of Queen's University, who Is now perhaps best remembered for his detailed study of the Moume Mountains; he was as­ sisted on the die by Miss Malsle Gafflkln and Mr Anps McDonald.

At first It was thoueht that Lyle Hili was a ceremonial sHe, similar to the Giant's Rlne, but H later transpired that the earthwork was the only fortified enclosure from the Neollthlc pe­ riod to have been found In Ireland up to that time.

The site was about 300 yards In diameter and w.. surrounded by a soli rampart topped by a wooden fence In which there was only one entrance point. At the top of the hili Inside the rampart was a huee burial calm which covered the remains of several cremated bodies and surroundlne lt were plentlful slens of habitation - arrowheads, polished axes and pieces of pottery. The latter were dated to the period around 2000 BC. "The archaeological excavations at Lyle Hili have yielded an astonlshlne amount of ma­ terial, which Is the buslne.. of the experts to examine and classify," reported the Belfast Teleeraph on June 21, 1937.

"There Is work here, not only for the specialists In flint artefacts and prehistoric ceramics, but

1JI:!IU Il 11U II11U�l!IUlI.

I

Whatever happene to the good old Sunday after oon film which was watched an enjoyed by all the family?

Even when you go t for an evening nowadays, th is little

l!�cy'Pl! tru tn� 1!1IY. .l!.V­ ery pub and hotel, it seems, has one in the corner.

But, thankfully, I know of one bar in Belfast where there is no TV and where the craic is always mighty. ur IIU

days and find a ch ild readin Not too many, I would imagin Having said all that I ha said about the whole subject, have to admit that I cannot su vive without a TV. Not for mor than a couple of days anyway.

UP THE PAST AT LVLE HILL, June 1937 J

E Estyn Evans and Miss Malsle Gafflkln examine some of the discoveries made at Lyle Hili In 1937. They Included an encrusted urn and pieces of wo for the anatomist In reconstructlne racial types, for the eeologlst In recoplslne local and for­ elen stones, for the botanist In sortlne out the

ad flint

charcoals and re-clothlne the landscape wHh Its appropriate sp cles of plants and trees.

Members of the p bllc are followlne the ex-

cavatlons with &reat Interest."

Gary Law

�2G>o Si r--Q.....e..-.1P. �-#� c.llc �� ��,,� "':> 1'0 c� fCJf �� e ;

) ��

BELFAST TELEGRAPH

1 33

Experts sifting through material found following archaeological dig •

he archaeological exca­ vations at Lyle Hill, Co. Antrim, which have now been completed for the season, have yielded an aston­ ishing amount of material which it is the business of th experts to examine and clas

fy.

There is work here not only for the specialists in flint arte­ facts and prehistoric ceramics, but for the anatomist in recon­ structing racial types, for the.ge­ ologist in recognising local and foreign stones, for the botanist in sorting out the charcoals and re-clothing the landscape with its appropriate species of plants and trees.

Work on the site has been in progress for the past month under a scheme for prehistoric research, organised by the Belfast Municipal Museum and assisted by a grant from the Belfast Corporation. Among' the offerings cast into the fire

,Ju ne 2 1 , 1937 are numerous flint arrowheads, polished axes of a type made in No h Antrim, hammer stones artzite and numerous bra­ en pots some of which have holes for suspension, other han­ dles and still others small pro­ jections or lungs.

All are round-bottomed, and both ' in shape and scarcity of decoration belong to the Ne­ olithic family of prehis o.ric wares in use during the en­ turies before and after 2,000 years BC. At this time civilisation, with ractice of simple agricul­ ture and herding. reached Ire­ land from the south.

The burial rites ofthese early folk are well known from the great stone tombs, but hitherto no extensive settlement of the time has been found in this country.