Queretaro: City profile

QRO: CITY PROFILE MX PX

Index Queretaro

04

Geographic location

04

CPI:

07

Productivity

09

Development Infrastructure

13

Life Quality

16

Equity and Social Inclusion

22

Environmental Sustainability

24

Querétaro

Geographic location Querétaro is located in the state of Querétaro in the center of the Republic, along with El Marqués and Corregidora, they form the Metropolitan zone (ZMQ). The city limits to the north and west with Guanajuato state, to the east with El Marqués and to the south with Corregidora and Huimilpan.

The municipality of Querétaro occupies second place in the agglomeration due to its territorial extension of 676.9 km2, which represent 41 % of the total area of the agglomeration. However, it is the largest urban area, estimated at 144.6 km2, which is equivalent to 58.9 % of the urban area of the agglomeration.

Demographically, it is also the most populated municipality of the agglomeration with 878 931 inhabitants, it is previewed that in 2030 the demarcation will be of 1 016 031 inhabitants . The total population of the entire state is 2 038 372, which represents 1.7% of the country.

1. 04

1. 05

1. 06

CPI For a complete analysis of the Queretaro Metropolitan Zone, the Prosperous Cities Index (CPI) was taken as the main tool, which aims to provide decision makers in municipalities with tools to identify opportunities and challenges to define a strategic vision for their city, develop public policies based on evidence and provide inputs to inform urban planning tools. This calculation was carried out by Onu-Habitat together with Infonavit to develop a diagnosis in six dimensions of prosperity.

Productivity: a prosperous city contributes to economic growth and development, income generation, employment and equal opportunities, which provide decent living standards for the entire population.

Development infrastructure: a thriving city provides infrastructure and necessary services –adequate housing, sanitation, energy supply, sustainable mobility systems, information and communications technologies, to sustain the population and economy, and to improve the quality of life.

Quality of life: a thriving city provides social services, education, public spaces, recreation, health and safety, necessary to improve living standards, allowing the population to maximize individual potential and lead a full life.

Equity and social inclusion: a city is prosperous to the extent that poverty and inequalities are minimal. No city can presume to be prosperous when large segments of the population live in extreme poverty and deprivation. This means reducing the incidence of slums and new forms of poverty and marginalization.

Environmental sustainability: a prosperous city is one where the creation and (re) distribution of the benefits of prosperity do not destroy or degrade the environment; instead, it reduces pollution, uses waste and optimizes energy consumption. This implies that the city’s natural resources are preserved in such a way that the needs of future generations are not compromised.

Urban governance and legislation: a thriving city has the most capacity to combine sustainability and shared prosperity, through effective urban governance and transformative leadership, Developing comprehensive plans and implementing transformative policies, which are designed and implemented with social participation; updating laws and regulations and creating appropriate institutional frameworks with the three spheres of government and with actors and institutions.

100

Productivity

Infrastructure

Life Quality

Social Inclusion

Sustainability

Governance

80 60

55.95

40 20

Urban governance

Institutional capacity

Participation and accountability

Energy

Air quality

Waste management

Social inclusion

Gender inclusion

Economic equity

Public space

Education

Security and protection

Health

Urban form

Urban mobility

Social infrastructure

Communications infrastructure

Housing infrastructure

Jobs

Economic load

Economic agglomeration

Economic growth

0

1. 07

1. 08

Parti

Co

Primary activities Secondary activities Tertiary activities

PRODUCTIVITY

Un Em

Other activities Retail trade Wholesale trade Real estate services Construction Machinery and equipment manufacturing

100 80 60

2.5% 10.8%

40 12.4% 20 0

31.5%

44.1%

64.4%

32.7%

PEA by sector: Informal sector Primary sector Formal sector Although Querétaro the highest Secondary sector labour productivity Agricultural sector is one of the entities with sector to the national GDP, in country, it is located in the 17th place Tertiary contributing Domestic work 80the

100

contributing only 2.3%; this is because in the state, The Metropolitan Zone is the 60 one that generates high percentages in the state GDP. According to the only National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI), the state of Querétaro had 40 economic growth of 4.3%, in terms of GDP. an 20

% 0 8 7

100 6

5 80 4 3 60 2 40 1

0 20 -1 -20 -3

2.4%

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

20153.5%2016

2017

11.9% Of the total GDP of the state, the economic sector that contributed the most to this number was the tertiary one consisting of activities that provide services to 11.1% society, such as commerce, transport, education, leisure, tourism and others.

40%

57.6%

Primary activities Secondary activities Tertiary activities

11.9% 11.1% 48.9% 10.8% 12.4%

9.8% 9.7% 8.5% 44.1%

Other activities 32.7% Retail trade Wholesale trade Real estate services Construction Machinery and equipment manufacturing Informal sector Formal sector Agricultural sector Domestic work 2.5%

48.9%

9.8%

96.5%

Secondly, there is the secondary sector involving the manufacturing industry. This activity is found as one of9.7% the most dynamic sectors of the local economy, as this 8.5% was the main sector that captured the foreign direct investment received by the state, followed by trade.

Unemployed (PEA) Other activities Retail trade Employed (PEA) Wholesale trade Real estate services Construction Specifically, the most important industrial activity in the territory is the Machinery and equipment manufacturing 3.5% and industrial equipment. This area includes such manufacturing of machinery

activities as the manufacture of aerospace or automotive machinery.

Today, the state of 2.5% Querétaro has 45 industrial and/or technological parks in operation, of which 28 are within the Metropolitan Zone of Querétaro.

96.5% 31.5% 64.4%

Unemployed (PEA) Employed (PEA)

PEA by sector: Primary sector Secondary sector Tertiary sector

1. 09

1. 10

Parque Industrial Cadereyta Parque Agropark (Parque Agroindustrsial Activa) Parque Industrial Aeroespacial. (El Marques Aeropuerto) Parque Industrial Aero Tech. (El Marques Aeropuerto) Parque Industrial La Perla (Novo Industrial Park). ( El Marques Carretera CDMX) Puerta Querétaro Industrial Park (Carretera 500 cercanía Aeropuerto) Complejo Industrial Balvanera (Corregidora) Conjunto Tauro (Corregidora) Parque Industrial Corregidora (Corregidora) Parque Industrial El Pueblito (Corregidora) Business Park Querétaro Conjunto Industrial P.K.Co (Navex) (El Marques Carretera CDMX) Eco Industrial Park Fraccionamiento Agroindustrial la Cruz Global Park Querétaro La Bomba Querétaro (dentro de Finsa) Micro Parque Industrial La Noria Parque Advance Parque Industrial Aeropuerto O’ Donell Parque Industrial Bernardo Quintana Arrioja Parque Industrial Ciudad Maderas Parque Industrial Finsa Parque Industrial Finsa II Parque Industrial PyME Parque Industrial Santa Mónica Parque Industrial y Logístico Calamanda Parque Tecnológico Innovación Querétaro Polígono Empresarial la Griega VYNMSA Parque Industrial PyME II Business Park Querétaro II Conjunto Industrial Luxar (NAVEX) Fraccionamiento Industrial San Pedrito Peñuelas Micro Parque del Emprendedor Micro Parque Industrial Santiago Parque Industrial Benito Juárez Parque Industrial Jurica Parque Industrial La Montaña Parque Industrial Querétaro Parque Vía Verte Polígono Empresarial Santa Rosa Fraccionamiento Industrial Valle de Oro Parque Advance San Juan del Río Parque Industrial Nuevo San Juan Zona Industrial San Juan del Río

ZMQ 1:300000 0

1

2

5

road network municipal division urban area industrial parks

1. 11

2.4% 2.4% 11.9% 11.9%

40% 40%

57.6% 57.6%

11.1% 11.1%

48.9% 48.9%

9.8% 9.8% 9.7% 9.7% 8.5% 8.5%

Primary Primaryactivities activities Secondary Secondaryactivities activities Tertiary Tertiaryactivities activities

Other Retail Otheractivities activities Retailtrade trade Wholesale Wholesaletrade trade Real Realestate estateservices services Construction Construction Machinery Machineryand andequipment equipmentmanufacturing manufacturing

However, the QuerĂŠtaro Metropolitan Zone has an occupancy rate of 96.5%, meaning that only 3.5% of the economically active population (PEA) is unemployed. 44.1% are in the informal sector, 32.7% in formal enterprises, 12.4% in the agricultural sector and 10.8% in domestic work.

2.5% 2.5%

3.5% 10.8% 10.8% 12.4% 12.4% 96.5%

32.7% 32.7%

Informal Informalsector sector Formal Formalsector sector Agricultural Agriculturalsector sector Domestic Domesticwork work

Unemployed (PEA) Employed (PEA)

%% 88 77 66 55 44 33

1. 12

44.1% 44.1%

22 11 00

31.5% 31.5% 64.4% 64.4%

PEA PEAbybysector: sector: Primary Primarysector sector Secondary Secondarysector sector Tertiary Tertiarysector sector

20

DEVELOPMENT INFRASTRUCTURE

0

100 80 60 40 20 0

100

House quality The percentage of people that claim to live in bad quality conditions of housing and insuficient space is 6.8% (54,115 persons) and with lack of basic services is 5.3% (42,353 persons).

The housing density in Queretaro is the highest of the Metropoli with 1653 houses/km2 while the population density is 1275 inhabitants/km2. Even though there are more houses than people, the housing growth is still spreading in the outside of the city and within 10 years, it is expected that it will happen in ecosystems with natural vegetation still worth of conservation.

80 60 40 20 0

Internet users by type of use, 2018.

For entertainment For communication To obtain information To support education To access audiovisual content To access social media To download software To read books or magazines To interact with the government To buy products For online banking operations

90.5 90.3 86.9 83.6 78.1 77.8 49.2 48.7 31.0 19.7 15.4 0

20

Year

40

60

Users percentage

Unit

80

QRO

100

ZMQ

Population and territory Population Population projection Urbanization index Particular inhabited homes (VPH) VPH percentage Total surface Urban surface Population density Urban density Housing density

2015 2030 2018 2015 2010 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017

Inhabitants Inhabitants % Households % km² km² Hab/km² Hab/km² Hou/km²

878,931 1,016,031 89.1 239,011 80.1 676.9 144.6 1,275 5,438 1,653

1,216,890 1,402,696 85.9 330,126 79.3 1,651.2 245.7 741 4,135 1,343

Internet access According to INEGI, in Queretaro there are only 308, 136 homes with an internet connection. In the muncipality this number is really low, which means that a lot of people are unable to access educational tools, working and social activities and global network information. This condition decreases the possibility of improving education and welfare.

Internet users by type of use, 2018.

For entertainment For communication To obtain information To support education To access audiovisual content To access social media To download software To read books or magazines To interact with the government To buy products For online banking operations

90.5 90.3 86.9 83.6 78.1 77.8 49.2 48.7 31.0 19.7 15.4 0

20

40

60

Users percentage

80

100

1. 13 Year

Unit

QRO

ZMQ

1. 14

ZMQ 1:300000 0

1

2

5

road network municipal division urban area suburban transport routes main public transport routes 1. 15

20

LIFE QUALITY

0

100 80 60 40 20 0

The quality of life of citizens is defined by the number of spaces dedicated to health, education and public spaces, with respect to the number of inhabitants and their accessibility; public spaces being the weakest point in the metropolitan area.

A correct distribution of the green area, according to the methodology of the CPI, is 15 m2 per inhabitant. In Querétaro this distribution is not sufficient, since it represents 8.76 m2 per inhabitant, considering only the urbanized area. In turn it is not equitable, since delegations such as Félix Osores Sotomayor only have 1 m2 per inhabitant.

=

Ranking of airport infrastructure 1

10 15 20 Italy

25

35 40

1. 16

45 50

Russia

79.9 % of the France urbanized area doesn´t have access to Korea publicChina spaces.

India Brasil

8.7 m²

Canada

5

30

=

15 m²

UK

Saudi Arabia Mexico

Indonesia

US

J

ZMQ- Green areas 1:300000 0

1

2

5

road network municipal division urban area green areas 1. 17

Querétaro: In 2010, the municipality had 429 nursery schools, 346 primary schools, 141 secondary schools and 92 secondary schools, 13 technical vocational schools and 56 vocational schools. The municipality had no indigenous primary school. In 2010, the status of educational backwardness affected 15.5% of the population, meaning that 123,299 individuals presented this social lack.

El Marqués: In 2010, the municipality had 52 preschool schools, 63 primary schools, 22 secondary schools and 6 baccalaureate schools and 3 vocational training schools. The municipality had no indigenous primary school. In 2010, 28.1% of the population were left behind, which means that 31,520 individuals presented this social deficiency.

Corregidora: In 2010, the municipality had 78 nursery schools, 72 primary schools, 24 secondary schools and 14 baccalaureate schools and 10 vocational training schools. The municipality had no indigenous primary school. In 2010, 6.3% of the population were left behind, which means that 9,534 individuals presented this social deficiency.

The following graphs show the percentage of schools in each municipality of the ZMQ compared to the total state:

preschools:

elementary schools:

23.4%

27.7% 63.9%

4.3%

67.4%

3.4%

4.9%

5%

Querétaro El Marqués Corregidora Rest of the state

high schools:

universities:

66.2% 47.4% 5.4%

66.2%

1.4% 7.2% 3.1% Querétaro El Marqués Corregidora Rest of the state

1. 18

29.1% 61.4% 4.5% 5%

Querétaro El Marqués Corregidora Rest of the state

42.3%

junior high schools:

Querétaro El Marqués Corregidora Rest of the state

Querétaro El Marqués Corregidora Rest of the state

Corregidora Centro de Estudios de las Ciencias Educativas Cinestav, S. C. Consorcio Universitario del Golfo de México Escuela Bancaria y Comercial (EBC) Instituto Humanista de Psicoterapia Gestalt de Queretaro S.C. Maria Peregrina Aguilar Rivas Universidad Corregidora de Queretaro Universidad del Desarrollo Profesional (UNIDEP) Universidad del Golfo de Mexico (UGM) El Marqués Universidad Politécnica de Querétaro (UPQ) Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores Internacional Universidad Aeronáutica en Querétaro (UNAQ) Querétaro Universidad Pedagógica Nacional (UPN) Universidad Politécnica de Querétaro (UPQ) Universidad Tecnológica de Querétaro (UTEQ) Instituto Tecnológico de Querétaro (ITQ) Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro (UAQ) Atenas Estudios Superiores Centro de Estudios de Actualización en Derecho (CEAD) Centro de Estudios e Investigacion Sobre la Familia IFAC Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Comunicación (CECC) Centro de Estudios en Posgrado en Salud Mental (CEPESAM) Centro de Estudios Odontológicos de Queretaro Centro de Estudios Superiores del Bajio (CESBA) Centro de Investigación Social Avanzada (CISAV) Centro Educativo Grupo CEDVA Centro Universitario Internacional de México (CUIM) CESESH Queretaro, S.C. Colegio de Formación Gourmet Eden Colegio Universitario de la Santa Cruz Colegio Universitario de Humanidades (CUDH) Conservatorio de Música José Guadalupe Velásquez Escuela Libre de Negocios Felva Mosso Instituto Culinario de Querétaro (ICUQ) Instituto de Especialización Judicial Instituto de Estudios Superiores ISIMA Instituto de Rehabilitación de Querétaro Instituto Gastronómico de Estudios Superiores (IGES) Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias de La Salud (INICISA) Instituto Mexicano de Educación Superior y Alta Dirección (IMESAD) Instituto Superior de Estudios para la Familia (ISEF) Instituto Tecnológico de La Construcción (ITC) Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM) Instituto Universitario del Centro de México (UCEM) Instituto Via Vestire Liceo Estudios Superiores

Music City Collage Universidad Anáhuac Querétaro Universidad Central de Queretaro (UNICEQ) Universidad Contemporánea de Querétaro Universidad Contemporánea Mondragón Universidad Cuauhtemoc (UCQ) Universidad de Estudios Avanzados (UNEA) Universidad de León Universidad de Londres Universidad del Valle de Atemajac (UNIVA) Universidad del Valle de México (UVM) Universidad Interamericana del Norte (UIN) Universidad Interglobal Universidad Internacional de Querétaro (UNIQ) Universidad Latinoamericana (ULA) Universidad Marista de Queretaro (UMQ) Universidad TecMilenio Universidad UNIVER Universidad Vasco de Quiroga (UVAQ)

1. 19

commercial flightsof people without access to cargo flightsservices was 26.8%, equivalent to In the same year in Queretaro, the percentage health 213,206 people. The lack of access to social security affected 49.5% of the population, that is 393,300 people were under this condition.

34%

El Marqués: In the same year, the percentage of people without access to health services was 13.6%, equivalent to AICM 56% 15,229 people. The lack of access to social security affected 55.8% of the population, that is 62,594 people were under AICM this condition.

Corregidora: In the same year, the percentage of people without access to health services was 22.6%, equivalent to 34,025 people. The lack of access to social security affected 50.3% of the population, or 75,721 people were under this condition.

100 80 60 40 20 0

1. 20

26.8%

13.6%

22.6%

Querétaro

El Marqués

Corregidora

ZMQ- Medical units 1:300000 0

1

2

5

road network municipal division urban area hospitals 1. 21

EQUITY AND SOCIAL INCLUSION

100 80 60 40 20 0

100 80 60 40

58.4% OF WOMEN in the EAP are employed informally. The participation of women in the labour market has increased, which is reflected in the indicator with a solid value of 79.5. The employment level of women in Queretaro 20 is higher than that of men (97.4% vs 95.5% respectively); however, 38.3% of employed women receive an income below the 2 minimum wages (20.7% in men), which gives an idea of the significant gender equality gap.

0 100 80 60 40 20 0

The proliferation of housing estates scattered in the territory, predominantly specialized in housing and closed functions, affect urban permeability and therefore accessibility. The contrasts between fractionations to segregate with high purchasing power, and irregular settlements and fractionations of social interest, reflect a serious imbalance in welfare policies, which have largely been put into the hands of the market, as is the case with the development of affordable housing.

In the municipality of Queretaro, 75% of the Housing is Sold at 1,381,500 pesos in Average, which is much more than other Cities in the Bajio. In the Cities of the urban aglomeration, the value of the land has increased 300% in the past decade. This phenomenom is Pushing the low Income Population to the Periphery where it is unsuitable for living due to the Lack of services.

1,381,500 pesos is the average for a house in QuerĂŠtaro 1. 22

ZMQ- Clusters and irregular settlements 1:300000 0

1

2

5

road network municipal division urban area clusters irregular settlements 1. 23

20

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

0

100 80 60 40 20 0

100 80 60 40 20 0

Floods Climate behaviour and the lack of infrastructure for proper water management cause the city to be affected by heavy rains and large amounts of water that they pour over the area. Although the rains in specific periods can be beneficial for the work activity, these are a problem that is added to the deficiencies of the metropolitan area.

Wastewater treatment For sample: in 2013 the EAA reported that 87% of the entity’s wastewater was treated, while yesterday the current holder of the dependence has assured that it is treated only 51% of the total of the sewage that we produce in QuerÊtaro.

This is not due to the fact that the EAA has decreased its treatment capacity, it is rather because consumption is much higher than 6 years ago and the discharge of sewage has exceeded the capacity of the treatment infrastructure.

1. 24

ZMQ 1:300000 0

1

2

5

road network municipal division urban area ood zones wells 1. 25

Air monitoring The CeMCAQ is in charge of monitoring the presence of environmental contaminants in the air of the city of Querétaro, as well as its conurbation area. This one is located in the facilities of the Center of Academic Studies on Environmental Pollution, in the Faculty of Chemistry of the Autonomous University of Querétaro (UAQ).

To carry out its monitoring, the Center collects information from stations positioned in Querétaro, Felix Osores, Carrillo Puerto, El Marqués, Firemen, Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez Auditorium, Corregidora and San Juan del Río.

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ZMQ 1:300000 0

1

2

5

road network municipal division urban area monitoring station 1. 27

Airports Queretaro’s economic and demographic growth is due to the large amount of industry that has reached the state and part of it has developed around the airport, making it a new subcenter of the city. Because there is still a lot of unoccupied space in this area there must be a correct planning so that the growth is not out of control and works all together as a system.

Querétaro presents a great opportunity due to the aforementioned and the current situation of the Airport of Mexico City (AICM). The airport’s operational congestion significantly restricts the possibility of maintaining high and sustained growth through increased productivity.

Currently, AICM operates 34 per cent of commercial flights throughout the country, and 56 per cent of cargo flights. commercial flights

cargo flights

34% AICM

56% AICM

The Intercontinental Airport of Queretaro (AIQ) has a capacity of 45 operations per hour and only operates 10% of this figure. Besides this, the AIQ is the100 nearest Bajio airport to Mexico City, just 2:30 hours by road and 20 minutes by air.

This is why this area is emerging as a great opportunity for Querétaro.

=

=

80

15 m²

60

8.7 m²

40 20 0 Ranking of airport infrastructure 1

26.8%

13.6%

22.6%

Querétaro

El Marqués

Corregidora

Canada UK

5 10

USA Germany

France

15 20 Italy

25 30

Japan Korea

Russia

35

China

India

40 45

Brasil

50

Saudi Arabia Mexico

Indonesia

55 65

1. 28

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15 10 5 Competitiveness Ranking

Mexico ranks 49 in Airport Infrastructure and 55 in Competitiveness, below the world’s major economies This limits the growth potential as one of the 15 largest economies in the world.

1. 29

Mexico City Airport

47’697,541

581,675 tons

Guadalajara Airport

17’697,152

164,242 tons

Guanajuato Airport 2’323,772

1,365 tons

Queretaro Airport 1’024,023

53,289 tons

Querétaro airport occupies the 19th place in passenger transport and fourth place in cargo handling, below Mexico City, Guadalajara and Monterrey.

1. 30

National flights Acapulco Cancún Chihuahua Mexico City Juárez Durango Guadalajara Hermosillo Huatulco Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo Mérida Monterrey Oaxaca Puerto Escondido Puerto Vallarta

International flights San Luís Potosí Tampico Tijuana Torreón Veracruz

Atlanta Chicago Dallas Detroit Houston

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Bibliography AICM- Estadísticas y Movimiento Operacional: https://www.aicm.com.mx/estadisticas Anuario económico Querétaro competitivo 2018: https://www.queretaro.gob.mx/sedesu/contenido.aspx?q=0P7NpIeTMww3HR5p8WDNH+uEt5B3ifl94/GBSxbgl7w= IMPLAN- Área verde per capita: http://implanqueretaro.gob.mx/im/q500/2/6/CalidadDeVida-AreaVerdePerCapita.pdf IMPLAN- Q500: http://implanqueretaro.gob.mx/q500-descargas INEGI- ENDUTIH 2018: https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/saladeprensa/boletines/2019/OtrTemEcon/ENDUTIH_2018.pdf INEGI- Inventario Nacional De Viviendas: https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/mapa/inv/ Movilidad, el reto de Querétaro: Canadevi: https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/estados/Movilidad-el-reto-de-Queretaro-Canadevi-20180715-0095.html NAICM Presentación del Proyecto: https://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/laredo/images/stories/docs/SCT/dan02416%20naicm-espaol. pdf ONU Habitat- Índice de las Ciudades Prósperas, CPI, México 2018: https://onuhabitat.org.mx/index.php/indice-de-las-ciudades-prosperas-cpi-mexico-2018 ONU Habitat- Reporte Nacional de Prosperidad Urbana en México 2019: https://onuhabitat.org.mx/index.php/herramientas/cpi Secretaria de Economía- Información económica y estatal Querétaro: https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/47723/Queretaro.pdf SEDESOL- Informe Anual Sobre La Situación de Pobreza y Rezago Social: https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/46162/Queretaro_014.pdf ¡

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