Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
Gastrointestinal bleeding refers to bleeding that occurs within the digestive tract, initiating from the mouth to the rectum. It can stem from multiple sources, including the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, or large intestine Gastrointestinal bleeding can be a potentially serious condition requiring prompt medical attention. This is also what experts tell from the best hospitals in Vadodara and other major cities!
Causes of Gastrointestinal Bleeding
● Gastritis- It is a condition where the stomach lining becomes inflamed due to factors such as infection, excessive alcohol consumption, or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This inflammation can lead to bleeding.
● Peptic ulcers- These are open sores that form in the stomach's lining or upper small intestine when the protective mucosal layer is damaged. They can cause bleeding.
● Esophageal Varices: Enlarged veins in the lower part of the oesophagus, often associated with liver disease, such as cirrhosis Esophageal varices can rupture and cause significant bleeding.
● Mallory-Weiss Tear: A tear or rupture in the junction between the oesophagus and stomach, usually due to severe vomiting or retching This condition can lead to bleeding
● Colorectal Polyps or Cancer: Growths or tumours in the colon or rectum can bleed, especially if they are large or ulcerate
Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Bleeding
● Hematemesis: Vomiting of blood, which may appear bright red or have a coffee-ground-like appearance if partially digested.
● Melena: Black, tarry stools caused by the digestion of blood in the stomach or upper gastrointestinal tract
● Hematochezia: Passage of bright red blood through the rectum, indicating lower gastrointestinal bleeding
● Abdominal Pain: Cramping or persistent abdominal discomfort can occur with gastrointestinal bleeding.
● Fatigue and Weakness: Significant blood loss can lead to anaemia, causing fatigue, weakness, and lightheadedness.
Treatment Options for Gastrointestinal Bleeding
● Endoscopic Therapy: Endoscopy allows direct visualisation of the digestive tract. Therapeutic procedures, such as injection of medications, application of heat, or placement of clips, can be performed to stop bleeding or treat the underlying cause
● Medications: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine receptor antagonists can reduce stomach acid production, promoting healing in cases of peptic ulcers and gastritis In some cases, antibiotics may be prescribed to treat Helicobacter pylori infection.
● Blood Transfusion: Severe bleeding may require a blood transfusion to replace lost blood and maintain haemoglobin levels.
● Surgery: Surgical intervention can be required in cases of severe bleeding or when endoscopic therapy is ineffective. Surgery aims to repair damaged blood vessels, remove tumours or polyps, or control bleeding
● Supportive Care: Patients with gastrointestinal bleeding may require supportive care, including intravenous fluids, to maintain hydration and close monitoring of vital signs.
If you’re looking for the best gastroenterology hospital in India, Parul Sevashram Hospital is one of the best options! They’re equipped with the most advanced medical facilities and highly knowledgeable doctors