Hindi Language Essays

A culture where guests are treated as gods, family members live under the same household until death, and have the belief that gods and spirits play the significant role in determining their life all refer to the same topic, the Indian culture; a rich and diverse culture which is very unique in many ways. This culture includes the qualities of various other cultures and it results into a modern and acceptable tradition. Respecting elders, honouring heroes, cherishing love, and following traditions make up the major components of the Indian culture and its followers. Many people believe that this particular culture has a great impact on their everyday lives and are proud to be included in the significant customs. In the novel, Clear Light...show more content...

When her parents died, they left her with a burden of responsibilities that involved raising the children and taking on the role of a mother. Bim is left to take care of her smallest and mentally challenged brother, Baba. When Baba was younger, the parents would constantly go to clubs and out for drinks, leaving the responsibility of raising the unfortunate child to Bim. The two siblings established a special bond with each other and trusted each other more and more each day. When the second oldest child, Raja fell ill because of tuberculosis, Bim was accountable of helping him regain back his normal health. Upon these responsibilities was a very important one, Bim had to earn money for the family and she knew that it involved educating herself to become a teacher, a job that was seemed appropriate for women.

"For all father cared, I could have grown up illiterate and cooked for my living, or swept. So I had to teach myself history, and teach myself to teach." (155)

Since men of the house are the providers to the family, their death can have a huge impact on the family. This terrible incident challenged Bim and the rest of the family members to live their life without coming to a point of bankruptcy. Bim's responsibility increased when her sister, Tara married and moved out of the house, leaving Bim with the burden of taking care of her brothers' needs, daily chores, and paying for the rents and groceries. Responsibility can affect us and our lives

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As we know that learning English in India it is gradually becomes very important due to century as well as techno–age is concerned. We all knew that English is taught either as Second Language or Target Language. It is very difficult for student–beginner who recently starts to learn English language as foreign language. One of the vital and pivotal pivot roles of learning Foreign Language is to open the treasure hidden in the literature of a particular language. To reveal such treasure one needs to be mastered in different methods of teaching the foreign languages. This makes easy full for learners to learn foreign language. If we want to understand different method of teaching foreign language things linguistically we can understand it as "A method in linguistics and language teaching determines what and how much is taught. The order in which it...show more content...

:– A foreign language is language indigenous to another country. It is also a language not spoken in the native country of the person referred to; i.e. English speaker living in Gaum can say that Chamorro is a Foreign Language to him or her. Following are the foreign languages English, Irish, Arabic, Persian, French, Latin, Greek, Pakistani, African, Egyptian, Turkish, Spanish, American–English, Japanese, Chinese etc. are known as different types of Foreign Language. There are many methods as well as tricks are available to learn all above these languages grammar and it's particular rules and regulation but, here let us see What are the different methods to learn English as second foreign languages. Different methods to Teaching foreign languages:– If we want to learn English as foreign language there are couples of method with the help of we can learn foreign language. There are following methods that plays important role to teaching foreign languages. a.The audio–lingual method b.Army method c.Direct method d.New key method e.Grammar–translation method f.Bilingual

Language, most everybody knows what it is. This is one thing that when we were born, we already had and this is a thing that we always use every day in our life. We use it in order to tell someone what we are thinking or to tell our feelings to somebody. In the past, all of the nations, and people used just their first language. We always believed that knowing only our mother language was enough. In school, they did not force students to study a second language because they thought that everybody could communicate with each other by using a first language and it was unnecessary to do something like this. And when somebody said that a second language would become an important thing in the future, nobody believed it. However, as time goes by, everything in the world changes. Our world becomes a land without borders. In business, there is high competition and more freedom. We can communicate easily and travel abroad quickly. All of these happenings make people motivated in order to survive in this world. Therefore, language becomes a more important factor that helps people to survive. Some people say that the more languages they know, the more opportunities they get. In school, all teachers are anxious to make a change to a course by supporting students to turn to study a second language because they think that this is a better way to help their students become better people. Learning a second language is a valuable thing for our life and business. There are a lot of Get

Learning a New Language

My Family 's Path to Become Quad Lingual Resolutions has not always been my thing. I rarely make one and even if I do it ends up being a to do lost for the first week of January. But this year is going to be different due to two reasons. One, I am more excited than I have ever been and two, it involves my toddler son. When it comes to him I never compromise. This year I have decided to learn a new language with him. I speak English and Tamil at home. Hindi, which I am fluent in is feeling left out because my husband does not speak it. I want my son to have a understanding knowledge of Hindi too. So this year I have resolved to include conversational Hindi and Spanish in my sons vocabulary. Language learning comes easy early. Kids have more ability to learn languages way easier than adults. There are even studies that prove kids learn faster when it comes to their linguistic skills. Noam Chomsky, linguistic professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology earned the Kyoto prize for his work on this subject. For my son to gain knowledge of these languages it is essential that we converse with him in both Hindi and Spanish at home. So I have decided to study Spanish. Learning Spanish is not going to be a walk in the park. I need time, energy and patience, which is a really tall order since I am a toddler's mom. But then again this may be the fun thing I was looking to do for a very long time. I am not going to get a language learning software or Get more content

Language As A Medium Of Communication

Language plays a very important role as a medium of communication between two individuals and it has two forms that are oral and written. The written language is best known as 'LIPI' (script). Every language has its own character set, representation structure and rules, but aim was same and that is 'Communication'. Communication by means of the printed word to a mass audience of in a form of Newspapers built bridge for progress and upliftment of a country.

The rapid expansion of the Internet was accompanied by a newspaper revolution. Growth in technology and the importing of new printing equipment meant that it was becoming commercially viable for newspapers to be printed in a variety of regional languages rather than predominantly either in Hindi or English.

The availability of newspapers in different languages has meant that India's newspaper market appeals to millions of non–English speakers. It is predicted that by 2017, the revenues for non–English papers will overtake that of English newspapers for the first time ever.

Gujarati newspapers in this essay do not only serve the purpose, but also focus on development of print industry in Gujarat, it reflects political and cultural shifts, language construction, visual analysis, and linguistic transformations. This broad approach, however, can be seen in physical characteristics of the newspaper page, and in its infrastructure these will dictate how typographic principles are to be applied to newspaper design.

The graphic

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India 's Development And Growth Essay

Background: India is one of the most popular countries in the world. Geographically, India is located at the south of the Asian continent. India's development and growth has been one of the most significant accomplishments in recent times. India neighboring countries include Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and Bhutan. The size of the population in India is 1,266,883,598 and the Territorial size of the country is 3, 287, 263 sq. km (The World Factbook, 2016). The prime minister of India is known as Narendra Modi who is the leader of the majority party in Lok Sabha and is currently the head of the Council of ministers in India. India's political party that is in power right now is Bharatiya Janata Party. The Bharatiya Janata Party, was first founded by Shyama Mukherjee in 1953 with the main purpose of safeguarding the Hindu interests in India (The World Factbook, 2016). India is becoming more of an open market economy. While most emerging nations were have struggled mightily against the strong U.S. dollar and falling commodity prices, India continues to lead. The view for India's long–term growth is positive due to the staggering young population and corresponding low dependency ratio (World Factbook, 2016). For example healthy savings, investment rates, and increasing integration play a role in the global economy. India being the 4th largest economy in the world, India has bought about a landmark agricultural revolution that has changed the country

Linguistic Stereotypes

Language is a method in which individuals communicate in order to get their opinion across to the listening party. Language is the tool which ideas can be conveyed in various ways. Typically, language is referred to verbal communication, however, it ranges to all methods of communication i.e. sign language.

Linguistic stereotypes are an existent form of discrimination. Since, languages are criticized and mocked due to the connection between language and cultural character. Thus, language is significantly related to the identity of thespeakers. In addition, languages are vulnerable to criticism due to differences in cultural behavior.

Firstly, according to 'dictionary.com' identity is defined as the...show more content...

Verbal languages vary in pronunciations. Since, Languages are described as being smooth and light, while on the other hand, languages known to being rough and abrupt. The manner in which speakers pronounce and communicate using words, phrases and hand gesture also has a way in building the personality of the language. Furthermore, whilst a speaker pronounces words and letters that are in the non–speaker opinion rigid and tough, an image of a solid language is created in the observing non–speaker mind. Personally, listening to Hindi dialects, I myself seem to find it challenging to pronounce specific words, and an image of complexity forms in my mind. During dialect comparison, we realize that pronunciation is vulnerable to criticism and satire. Comedians during criticizing a specific group usually imitate the dialect to refer to their identity. Thus when they criticize the language they mean it to the group and their specialized behavior.

Linguistic discrimination is an important issue; many have been discriminated and excluded from the public sphere due to their disability to practice the standardized language. In the Arab world, when second language speakers try to talk Arabic, they seem to have difficulties with the pronunciations. Consequently, this leads to limitations during the blending in procedures. The explanation

Advantages Of English As A Global Language

English as a global language is breaking the barrier in communication and exchange of cross–cultural information. According to David Crystal in the book "English as a Global Language" (2003), he states that "language has no independent existence, living in some sort of mystical space apart from the people who speak it. Language exists only in the brains and mouths and ears and hands and eyes of its users. When they succeed, on the international stage, their language succeeds. When they fail, their language fails" (p. 7). People around the world choose to speak English for a certain reason. Countries that are using the English as a global language are more advanced in business, economy, and internet users. English is the language of business. Wanted or not a competitive company is the one that can represent themselves and be competitive internationally. To do that, biggest international companies are hiring people with good English communication skills that are able to compete globally with other. For example, in the article "Global Business Speaks English", Neeley (2012) assert that companies that are not speaking a global language are putting themselves in a disadvantaged situation. In order to progress and boost the company, you must be able to exchange information with buyers and potential partners (para. 9). In other words, it is easier to run a business when every one is sharing the same language. Moreover, is eliminating confusion and misunderstandings when English is used. In the article "What Global Language?", Barbara Wallraff infers that in some countries, the English language is having a special place and meaning. For example, in India, the government gave authorization that the English language to be used in business together with other languages (para.19). It is clear that government is understanding the benefits of using the English language in business to grow the economy of the country and the wealth of the population. In the same way, English is beneficial to the economy. Most people around the world are understanding the necessity of knowing alingua franca in special if English is not your first language. Speaking in English is giving you great job opportunities in your country and abroad.

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Effects of learning Languages

Learning another language is not only learning different words for the same things, but learning another way to think about things. A bilingual person is more than one person. Whenever we are learning a new language, it means that we have started a new life with a different vision. If we learn a language, we understand much about culture or life of a country. If we know one language we are one person, if we know two languages, we are two people. As an instance; if there is a job vacancy that requires two people knowing two languages and you know two languages, then you are qualified for that job. Learning a new language seems like we are starting a new journey toward our future life. I am always passionate about learning a new language, and when I start learning a new language everything is changed.

Firstly, I was the only one in my family who started learning a new language in early ages. Without knowing Dari, which in my native language, I had started learning Urdu. When I was living in Pakistan, I was having to learn Urdu to go to school. My first journey headed for...show more content...

When I was learning English, I used to watch lots of English movies, and Korean dramas. When I completed upper–intermediate levels in English, I started teaching in a language academy in Kabul. During my teaching experience at that academy, there was a colleague of mine who was also too interested in Korean language. Korean language was certainly totally different from English and Urdu, but somehow we are able to communicate with each other in Urdu. The funny thing was that the others were not able to understand us, when we told jokes in Korean. Since I knew Korean a bit, I was invited to the Korean Embassy to study a one–month Korean language course for free. I went there to study Korean and later the Embassy employed me for an organization named Central Statistics organization Get more content

Dual language is a form of education in which students are taught to read and write in two languages. The majority of dual language programs in the United States teach in English and Spanish, although there are emerging programs that teach in Mandarin, Japanese and Hindi. The programs start of mostly in kindergarten sand 1st grade and continue throughout primary education, in addition some dual language programs depending on the grade continue through middle and high school. Even Hayward's own Burbank elementary and Winton middle school are offering dual language programs. Each level of teaching uses a different language ratio in which class is instructed the classes start off with a 90:10 ration and later as years pass the ration becomes...show more content...

Lindholm–Leary, 2007). Dual language programs were started around forty years ago. The first school district to start using it was Dade County Public Schools in Miami, Florida in 1962 in the following years programs spread into Washington D.C., Chicago, Illinois, and San Diego, California. There are an abundance of dual language programs nation–wide where Spanish is the most popular language taught with, 94% of instruction throughout the country ( Dual Language,2014). There have even been bills that have supporting Bilingual Education in the United States Civil Rights Act of 1964, The Bilingual Education Act of 1968, Lau v. Nichols of 1974, Phyler v. Doe of 1982 and Executive Order 13166 of 2000 lastly No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. One of the biggest benefits in creating more dual language programs would be that the English language learners will be able to advance more in their academics. The transition from traditional bilingual education toward English language immersion is an easier switch which ultimately helps ELLs catch up with their English speaking peers. This not only benefits the students who are ELL but their peers who at the same time are learning Spanish. English language learners become more fluent in

India Is A Melting Pot For Many Languages

I.Introduction

The subcontinent of India is a melting pot for many different languages and dialects that are specific to certain areas of India. India is divided up into several different language families. The most widely spoken of which are the Indo–Iranian and Dravidian languages, but smaller groups in India also use many languages belonging to unrelated language families, such as Sino–Tibetan for example. India has twenty two official languages, but out of all these languages Hindi is the most widely and universally used and expected language of India. Hindi is surprisingly apart of the same family as the Romance and Germanic languages which also belong to the Indo–European language family that primarily stretched from western Europe all the way till Iran and the Indian subcontinent as well. As one expert writing about the language states, "This means the languages most Indians speak are related to be related to French, German, Russian, and Greek, despite the profound differences in culture and even physical appearance between Indians and Europeans." (McWhorter 72)

The father language of India is called Sanskrit, which is the language that was used to construct the sacred texts of the Hindu religion as well. This ancient language of Sanskrit eventually developed into several different modern languages that are all still very closely related as a result of all the languages being developed from the same basic language of Sanskrit. A few examples of modern

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Learning different language is important because it gives an ability to communicate in various environment. Having a knowledge about a language can tell many aspects about an individual's culture. Language is something that one can learn from their parents and teachers. A children starts learning how to speak in particular language from their house, and it slowly develops as they grow. Language is a basic source by which one can communicates with the world. For example, not only language means to communicating or exchanges ideas from different culture, but also it build many other relationships such as political, social and economical. Basically we can say that communication or a language is a center to everything that 's is around us. Different cultures represent different languages which distinguish people from each others. Many people knows more than one language and it is either my family background or by the interest of learning different language than what we speaks. Personally, I have learned three different language when I was a child, and they are English, Hindi, and Gujarati. However, sometimes I face difficulties in writing due to the multi language background. In this paper I am going to discuss the various stages of learning and writing a language I experienced in my life.

I first started speaking in my mother tongue which is Gujarati. This is very common language spoken in my family. My mother taught me to speak the basic words; for instance, mom, dad,

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Language As A Tool Of Oppression

Human beings can communicate with each other by language in amazing ways. Humankind can express feelings by a single spoken word, such as the word love or in a Shakespearean sonnet that conveys the same feeling in a standardized written form. Language as a term, "is both oral and written." (Gee & Paul p.7) A welcoming smile can say hello to a room the same as a clinched fist can show anger.Language is diverse, it can bridge the gaps in society or be used as a tool of oppression. Standard English, a language that is used in formal setting such as in the classroom, can educate and inform people from all backgrounds, diverse/multicultural to world standard classes. The purpose of this essay is to highlight language and communication in its different forms, (written, spoken, seen and heard) and their keys to education, social development in childhood and thereafter. We also look at conventional language such as the written and spoken word. As well non–conventional forms of language such as gamification and body language as seen forms of language and their roles in student development. Language can be heard.

Spoken or oral language is the backbone of humankind and has been expanding since the dawn of humanity. Children begin adapting to language from the moment of birth long before they are able to speak it. Infants as early as six months old, are thought to be able to understand basic words that pertains to that child. (Welsh) Basic language such as momma, daddy and bottle or Get

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Indian Language

After independence in 1947, India adopted Hindi as its national language and decided to make it an official language too. But in a multilingual country like India, establishing an official language was not an easy task. There were, however, several problems with selecting Hindi. After independence, the hatred feelings for British rule indulged with English languages, it reminds Indian mass of the colonial rulers. However, there was also a section of people who believed that the English language has contributed somehow in the freedom struggle of India and is having the capacity to do much good for independent India too. The difference in opinion of these two sections of Indians was one of the causes of language dispute. All these had created...show more content...

KOTHARI COMMISSION (1964–1966)/ NPE1968 According to The National Policy of Education based on recommendations made by Kothari commission " the energic development of the indian languages and literature is sine qua non for the eduactional and cultural development. Unless it is done, the creative energies of the people will not be released ,standard of education will not improve,knowledge will not spread to the people ,the gap between the intelligentsia will remain , if not widen further." (p–39).

THE NPE suggested that at the secondary level ,the state should adopt three language formula WHICH INCLUDES

1.Study of any mordern indian language,apart from English and hindi in hindi speaking states.

2.Study of hindi along with english and regional language in non hindi speaking states. Also,it was mentioned in the recommendations that special emphasis should be laid on the study of english along with other international Get

Language has been a difficult part of my life. During my elementary school it is compulsory to learn a variety of types of languages. The first language that I learned in school was Malay it was the language of native land speakers, the second language that I was asked to learn was Chinese and followed by English. When conversing with my Malay peers speaking the language of the native was crucial, Mathematics was taught in Malay, Sciences was taught in Chinese. Hence, both languages weren't a language to be ignored. Language is a form of communication and it is considered to be a solely human mode of communication as a consequence being able to specialize in multilingual one has to face many challenges.

Firstly, learning a second or third...show more content...

This clearly shows Mellix was facing a lot pressure during her childhood life especially from her mother. Mellix's mother would expect her to speak the right language. Chinua Achebe was a famous writer who was born in the Igbo village of ogidi, Nigeria in 1930. Achebe graduated from the London University in 1953. Achebe's article "the song of ourselves" comes from a talk he gave on London television. In addition, the article written by Achebe, he presents the local as were also force to learn the language of "British colonial policy in Africa and elsewhere emphasized again and again its preference for native languages" In Achebe's article he expresses the feelings of the native Africans leaving them no choice but having to learn English language due to their colonization history. "We see remnants of that preference today in the Bantustan policies of south Africa. We chose English not because the British desired it but because having tacitly accepted the new nationalities into which colonialism had grouped us" (604) Chinua clearly points out the frustration of the locals native African having to learn a language of the colony. Gloria AnzaldГєa was born in the Rio Grande Valley of south Texas . AnzaldГєa graduated with a B.A. from Pan American University, and her M.A. from the University of Texas at Austin. In Anzaldua's article pointed out adapting

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Advantages Of Foreign Language Learning

Foreign Language Learning: The Earlier the Better?

In a time of globalisation, intercultural communication has become more significant than ever before. Language has always been one of the major obstacles to the contact between different cultures. Nowadays, English is considered as a lingua franca, which means 'a language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different' (OED, 2017). Many native English speakers then see no reason to learn a foreign language. However, language is much more than just a means of communication, it conveys thoughts, images, and ideologies. By learning foreign languages, people develop a deeper global awareness and understanding of other cultures. Therefore, multilingualism...show more content...

For this particular reason, immersion education at an early age should be strongly encouraged. Nevertheless, this kind of education is not always feasible for practical reasons. The main difficulty is to find teachers who have native fluency in the target language and, at the same time, a degree in the subject that is taught. Developing the curriculum, the educational material and teaching objectives is also an arduous task. Moreover, immersion education is not always accessible to all pupils. For example, children with learning difficulties could experience academic problems in an immersion programme. Even if immersion education is certainly the ideal method to learn a new language and reach native–like proficiency, there exist many other ways to teach a second language efficiently. The most important is to offer a stimulating and varied language environment through enjoyable activities, which can be stories, songs, games or arts and crafts. It would already be great if all children could acquire some basics in the foreign language and develop an interest in other cultures at primary

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Introduction to Indian writing in English, inclusive of fiction: Indian English Literature is defined as the contribution of Indian writers to the Literature in English. With the consolidation of the British power in India, English, the language of rulers also began to exercise its influence on the intellectuals of the country. To the educated people, English language is a gateway to western knowledge. English provided a window for the Indian intellectuals to have a look at the wide world. Indian English Literature is a literature which is a combination of Indian literature and Indian literature written in English. Indian writings in English are a product of the historical encounter between the two cultures – Indian and the western–for...show more content...

The first book with a title Travels of Dean Mahornet was written in English by Sake Dean Mahomet. It was published in 1793 in England. After publication of this book the English Parliament felt to rectify and equalize some of the materialistic of the East India Com servants. The England Parliament had approved the Charter Act. It made England responsible for the educational betterment of the natives. The English Education Act was prompted by Thomas Babington Macaulay's ill–famed "minute" on Indian education. It made English the medium of Indian education system and English literature a disciplinary subject in Indian educational institutions. Indian English Literature has matured from a sapling to a firmly rooted tree that blooms with its entirety still awaiting its yet–to–come metamorphosis. Indians took countless events and spotlight notable personalities to bring Indian writing in English to its contemporary fame. Indian literature in English and its transformation had happened in company with the consolidation of British imperialism in India. The critics come to the agreement that Indian English literature dates back to at least the early 19th century. In its early stages, the narration was influenced by the Western art form of the "novel". Early Indian writers made English by Indian words to communicate an experience and understanding which was fundamentally and in essence of Indian. In the beginning acceptance of English language and literature by upper–class Indians. First, there were the educational reforms called forth by both the Charter Act of 1813 and the 1835 English Education Act of William

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Think of India and one of the first things that come to mind is its diversity. A large populous country divided into many states; each with its own unique traditions and gastronomic fare. Indian cooking is one of the most popular cuisines across the globe. Not only is it popular among the large Indian diaspora but also among the mainstream population of North America and Europe. For the uninitiated, Indian food may seem foreign, scary, spicy and not for the faint of heart. This paper aims to explore many of the facets that make upIndian cuisine and hopefully allay any misconceptions or fears that may exist. The chapters are categorized under the following sections: 1. The Evolution of Indian Cooking 2. Geographical...show more content...

Northern India North Indian cuisine is distinguished by a proportionally high use of dairy products. The tawa, or griddle, is used extensively for baking flat breads like roti and paratha. A tandoor oven is also frequently used to cook main courses like chicken. Goat and lamb are favored ingredients of many northern Indian recipes. The samosa, a common appetizer on all Indian restaurant menus, has its roots in northern India. The staple food of most of north Indians are a variety of lentils, vegetables, and roti. Common north Indian foods such as kebabs and meat dishes originated with the Muslim incursions into the country. The influence of Europeans is also apparent with the creation of new dishes like chicken tikka masala which is actually a British invention during colonial times.

Eastern India

In the eastern part of India there is a large Oriental influence resulting from an influx of movement from Tibet and Nepal. All of these influences helped form the dietary customs in eastern India. Popular food is this region is a unique blend of vegetarian meals prepared in the traditional Chinese cooking style. Rice and fish are the staple foods because most of the towns and fishing villages are located on the coast.

Southern India

Southern Indian cuisine is distinguished by a greater emphasis on rice and the liberal use of coconut, coconut oil and curry leaves. Before Christianity came to India in the early 52 AD, Kerala was strictly vegetarian as

Indian Cuisine

Hinduism Hindutva is a popular concept in India that represents Hindu ideology and promotes the hegemony of Hinduism in government, even at the expense of others. Directly translated as "Hinduness", Hindutva was established as an official term made up by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in 1923 (Falak). Opponents of Hindutva suggest that it is greatly similar to fascism in the sense that it oppresses the beliefs and liberties of minority groups. On the other hand, the Sanatan Sanstha was founded by Jayant Balaji Athavale in 1990 and arranged the "Hindu Awakening" conferences about unification for the sake of improving India (Falak). However, Sanatan Sanstha activists have been caught in the process of trying to bomb Indian cities. Many Hindu political groups contradict their own peaceful words with violent actions, which is simply deceptive. ...show more content...

The caste system, often highly regarded by the elite of Hinduism, consists of four main divisions (Lee). There are Brahmins, the highest caste of priests and scholars; Kshatriyas, warriors and kings; Vaishyas, merchants and landowners; and Shudras, servants and peasants. Technically, there is a fifth category of social status, formerly known as the Untouchables, called Dalits. According to academic scholars like Dr. Ram Puniyani, Hindutva mainly represents the response of higher caste Hindus to the uprising of the lower castes; additionally, it is the primary cause of Saffron terrorism in India and Nepal (Falak). Divisive politics are progressively isolating classes from empathy which is counterproductive when attempting to create peace for all people since it condones violence against the lower castes. These inequalities are also apparent beyond the realm of socioeconomic struggles and cause discriminatory violence in the name of

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