Example Of Harvard Referencing In An Essay

Reflection Of A Reflection On Academic Skills

REFLECTION–ACADEMIC SKILLS

When the word reflection is mentioned, the first thought is a mirror–like image of yourself. This is to define your own perception of the acceptable and poor quality within yourself. Taking action of the weaknesses and developing my skills to improve me around everyone, (Stadter, 2015). Gibbs Reflective Cycle (1988), a framework for students to resolve problems in assignments, step by step, I will reflect on my own problems, (UK Essays, 2013). My previous goal was to study in a university and now that I have accomplished that goal, my next goal is to complete the course with a strong grade. But the reality of achieving the Foundation Degree is a much harder concept than what I first thought, having...show more content...

"Experience–reflection–knowledge" Pawar and Anscombe, (2015), has mentioned Dewey (1933) is a great example of how planning ahead is a step towards better success rather than dwelling on the past problems. Implementing Dewey 's theory into my assignment, assisting my understanding of how to support ideas with evidence such as deciding whether I have included all the information needed, the author/publisher or whether I have referenced continuously throughout the assignments. When previously writing assignments I need to consider how well it was written, learning from the mistakes, understanding the feedbacks and setting out times to do better next time (Percival 2006). While referencing is a struggle for me to apply, Kell and Vogl (2010) stated that overcoming referencing can be done by reading different books, journals, and articles of interest. Subsequently, after analysing the problem, I realised I try to be a perfectionist, causing a hindrance in producing assignments. I need to start believing in myself much more and be more inspired, as Percival, (2006) has mentioned that "being too sensitive will block your progress", by doing time–bound goals and starting the assignment rather than thinking about the purpose. Percival (2006), has also said putting our energy into the solution rather than the problem will be an advantage to our mindset. Realisation of putting a pen to the paper to start, a draft can be Get more content

Harvard Referencing Guide

Harvard System Referencing Guide

1. INTRODUCTION

This guide sets out the Harvard system of referencing to be used in the Thesis and other major essays submitted as part of the course taught through out the MBA program. It is important to reference published material that you wish to use in your essay. While referencing is a standard that is used to avoid plagiarism it also supports a strong scientific method.

To build arguments and provide evidence you mustreference any published resources you use. The spirit of referencing is embodied in Newton's famous 1676 quote, 'If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants'. It means that Newton's great discoveries were made by building on the previous work of...show more content...

An individualizing focus may result in undermining 'the capacity for communal action and alienate the organizational members from the activities that they are required to undertake' (Broadbent, et al., 1999: 358).

Reference List

Broadbent, J. Jacobs, K. and Laughlin, R. (1999) 'Comparing schools in the U.K. and New Zealand: Individualizing and socializing accountabilities and some implications for management control'. Management Accounting Research, 10: 339–361.

5. INTERNET SITES

The variability of internet site quality is problematic for referencing in academic essays. However, access to annual company reports, press releases, and daily news services provide ample reasons to utilize the internet in essays. Journal articles obtained over the internet should use the standard journal format unless the journal is solely in electronic format (see below).

Wiegran and Koth's (1999) article on successful online commerce focuses on customer loyalty, increasing purchases, and higher margin products. They propose five website features to achieve successful online commerce; Value added information, personalization, intelligent communication, user generated content, and loyalty incentives (Wiegran and Koth, 1999). Since 1991, the price of oil has reached its highest in February 2000 and this rise is due to OPEC restrictions on oil production (BBC, 2000).

Reference List

BBC, (2000, February 19) 'Oil reaches $30 a barrel'. (BBC News),

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Harvard Referencing System

Harvard Referencing System

Tunku Abdul Rahman College

Compiled by Dr Chook Ka Joo Quality Assurance Department Tunku Abdul Rahman College and Mr Johnny Chin Fui Chung School of Social Science and Humanities Tunku Abdul Rahman College 2010

For internal circulation only. ©Tunku Abdul Rahman College. All rights reserved.

INTRODUCTION THE IMPORTANCE OF CITING REFERENCES REFERENCING SYSTEM THE HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM

TAR College Harvard Referencing System

TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN...show more content...

For example: Many factors are known to affect the success of students at the tertiary education level (Saunders 2005). OR TAR College

Harvard Referencing System 2

Saunders (2003, p. 21) claims that there are many factors that are known to affect the success of students at the tertiary education level. In these two examples, the sentences summarise the main view expressed in an article written by Saunders. Also note that the first example highlights the information but the second example highlights or gives prominence to the author of the article. i. If the author's name occurs naturally in the sentence, the year is given in parentheses: In a popular study, Harvey (2005) argued that we have to teach good practices... As Harvey (1992, p. 21) said, 'good practices must be taught' and so we... ii. If the name does not occur naturally in the sentence, both name and year are given in parentheses: A more recent study (Stevens 2002) has shown the way theory and practical work interact... Theory rises out of practice, and once validated, returns to

1.9 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Ethical aspects of the applied research will be attended to by implementing the following measures:

Firstly, respondents which have participated in the surveys voluntarily and have been fully informed about the aims and objectives of this research.

Secondly, texts belonging to external authors that will be used in any part of thisresearch have been fully referenced with the Harvard Referencing System.

Thirdly, the questionnaires used do not include any degrading, discriminating or any other unacceptable language that could be offensive to any members of the sample organization.

Fourthly, the questionnaires have been designed to collect information directly related to the research questions, and no private...show more content...

Fourthly, research participants have been debriefed about the aims and objectives of the research before the primary data collection process.

Fifth, the works that do not belong to the author of this paper have been acknowledged using the Harvard Referencing System in an appropriate format.

The following Code of Ethics is adhered to in throughout the process of conduction of the present research:

Firstly, the participation in surveys and in–depth interviews are voluntary.

Secondly, falsification, fabrication and misinterpretation of data avoided.

Thirdly, the work conducted by other researchers and authors used in research are referenced using Harvard Referencing System.

According to Bryman and Bell (in 2007) the following ten principles of ethical considerations have been compiled as a result of analyzing the ethical guidelines of nine professional social sciences research associations: Research participants should not be subjected to harm in any ways whatsoever.

Respect for the dignity of research participants should be prioritized. Full consent should be obtained from the participants prior to the applied

Reflection Of A Reflection On Academic Skills

REFLECTION–ACADEMIC SKILLS

When the word reflection is mentioned, the first thought is a mirror like image of yourself. This is to define your own perception of the good and bad quality within yourself. Taking action of the weaknesses and developing my skills to improve myself around everyone, (Stadter, 2015). Gibbs Reflective Cycle (1988), a framework for students to resolve problems in assignments, step by step, I will reflect on my own problems, (UK Essays, 2013). My previous goal was to study in a university and now that I have accomplished that goal, my next goal is to complete the course with a good grade. But the reality of achieving the Foundation Degree is a much harder concept than what I first thought, having a writer 's ...show more content...

Implementing Dewey 's theory in to my assignment, assisting my understanding on how to support ideas with evidence such as deciding whether I have included all the information needed, the author/publisher or whether I have referenced continuously throughout the assignments. When previously writing assignments I need to consider how well it was written, learning from the mistakes, understanding the feedbacks and setting out times to do better next time (Percival 2006). While referencing is a struggle for me to use, Kell and Vogl (2010) stated that overcoming referencing can be done by reading different books, journals and articles of interest. After analyzing the problem, I realised I try to be a perfectionist, causing a hindrance in producing assignments. I need to start believing in myself a lot more and be more inspired, as Percival, (2006) has mentioned that "being too sensitive will block your progress", by doing time–bound goals and starting the assignment rather than thinking about the end product. Percival (2006),has also stated putting our energy into the solution rather than the problem will be an advantage to our mindset. Realisation of putting a pen to the paper to start, a draft can be perfected as time goes on, mending the structure to the standard required till the

Citation and Harvard Referencing Format

TOPIC : ________________________________ 1.0 INTRODUCTION What's Known? Not known? What's new? Thesis Statement :

____________________________________________________ 2.0 BODY PARAGRAPH: ______________________________________________________________

2.1 supporting details, statistics, concrete examples (eg. names of places/buildings/events, etc.)? 2.2 2.3 Concluding sentence : Therefore,

____________________________________________________ ...show more content...

List from A–Z, using Harvard Referencing format (see Taylor's library website)Note: All references listed in the actual essay must be found in this Reference List. List from A–Z, using Harvard Referencing format (see Taylor's library website)Note: All references listed in the actual essay must be found in this Reference List. List from A–Z, using Harvard Referencing format (see Taylor's library website)Note: All references listed in the actual essay must be found in this Reference List. List from A–Z, using Harvard Referencing format (see Taylor's library website)Note: All references listed in the actual essay must be found in this Reference List. List from A–Z, using Harvard Referencing format (see Taylor's library website)Note: All references listed in the actual essay must be found in this Reference List. List from A–Z, using Harvard Referencing format (see Taylor's library website)Note: All references listed in the actual essay must be found in this Reference List. List from A–Z, using Harvard Referencing format (see Taylor's library website)Note: All references listed in the actual essay must be found in this Reference List. List from A–Z, using Harvard Referencing format (see Taylor's library website)Note: All references listed in the actual essay must be found in this Reference List. List from A–Z, using Harvard Referencing

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Introduction Referencing is one of the most important aspects of any academic literature in the modern day scenario. It is the main way through which someone acknowledges the fact that they have borrowed the ideas of someone else, and have used their work for citation ion their work. There are several different kinds of referencing system among which the Harvard referencing style is one of the most popular. The different aspects of the Harvard style along with the main methods through which the style is implemented have been detailed and discussed. Herein, this study is about the Harvard referencing style and detailing the actual point of referencing in the first place. The Actual Point of Referencing Referencing is extremely important while compiling an academic file, as it is the main method of showing acknowledgement to the authors of the work which has been used for ideas in the said academic literature. A failure in this regard leads to people developing the misconception that the author has cheated or plagiarised someone else's work and is now claiming it as their own. Any kind of plagiarism is considered to be a serious offence, especially in the academic circles. Being accused of the malpractice of plagiarism is one of the worst hits that the reputation of a researcher can ever receive. Indeed, it is significantly difficult to recover a proper reputation once accusations of this kind are made towards someone. For students, being accused of the

Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing

Research papers (research essays) must include information from sources. This is called synthesizing or integrating your sources. There are three ways to incorporate information from other sources into your paper: quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing. Good research papers should include at least quoting and paraphrasing and preferably also summarizing. The method you choose depends on which is the best way to make the point you are trying to make in using that particular information from the source. It is very important to remember that even if you are not using the exact words of the author as when you paraphrase or summarize, you must give a source citation. Every sentence with information from a...show more content...

Quotations should only be used in paraphrases when there are special words or wording that cannot be paraphrased. Because the same information that the author provided is being used, a paraphrase is often as long as the original source. Since paraphrases are information from a source, every sentence with paraphrased information must cite the source even if exact words are not quoted. Even through a sentence with paraphrased information must cite the source, any exact words from the source must be in quotation marks. Failing to use quotation marks on exact words is plagiarism even if the sentence give credit to the source. Proper notetaking while doing research will help avoid plagiarism. Notes should include quotation marks around any exact words taken from sources.

Another problem students may have with paraphrasing is that the language used in the paraphrase should be an accurate accounting of the source's ideas. Good paraphrasing doesn't just capture the ideas of the source. They don't include your own opinions or omit important information. Just like in a quotation, be sure to either introduce the source at the beginning of your paraphrase or cite the source at the end of the sentence so that the reader knows these are not your ideas, but ideas from your Get more content

Consequences Of Referencing

A student of the University of Newcastle, is like a family member for the time you are studying at the campus. Once you graduate you look back on that time and realise the support and network you had to create such an inspiring career. Just like a family when you start to grow or join the campus you grow to have and learn about morals, values and respects and in this family of Newcastle University you are to 'have honesty, fairness, trust, accountability and respect.'(University of Newcastle, Code of Conduct,2008,p1.) However, it is hard to gather these understandings of the 'Code of Conduct' and understand in depth consequences are for the values to be broken.

Plagiarism is defined as 'presenting someone else's work as your own without their...show more content...

Morals and ethics can get you a long way with understanding the difference of what is right and wrong, with this scenario of not understanding the idea and concept of working together on the same assignment I as someone could not see the problem with it, and this is where the controversy is placed because it is understood as wrong under university of Get

Taking someone's words and using them without a proper citation is a problem. Without being taught the correct way, this problem is not going to correct itself and will continue to become a bigger problem. There are major consequences for plagiarising, but these can be avoided with a simple citation. Tying together the definition ofplagiarism, reasons for using documentation, and an explanation of MLA 8 and APA citations will all be brought together. Learning what kind ofcitation, and what needs a citation is a very important concept in becoming a successful writer. Citing a source correctly will save you time and problems.

There are many different definitions of the word plagiarism. Merriam–Webster's dictionary definition, also...show more content... These students were taught a life lesson, something that they will never do again. Being taught, the correct way, at a young age will solve many of the problems that we have today. Becoming aware of the consequences that this could lead to would be worth the extra time citing a document, or writing your own paper. Taking someone's words or writing could lead to loss of job/school, fines, and so much more. To avoid these problems, a simple citation will help anyone become aware that you did give credit to the author. Jim Carnett published an article in the Los Angeles Times stating that he had tried to submit a column to an editor but they sent it back because it contained plagiarised material. Carnett said, "I lifted a portion of one of my columns and inserted it in the Daily Pilot piece without attribution." He hadn't cited his own work and now what he did was plagiarism. To Carnett, this was a total accident, but this shows that you should cite any information that you use. Although there are arguments that there is no such thing as plagiarism, "If a novelist uses a non–fiction book for research, how is that stealing? Non–fiction promises facts, there is no copyright in facts, ergo no stealing..." (Independent.co.uk) it is always best to give credit to the source that you received the information from; thus not having a chance of plagiarism. Having a correct citation for a source is very

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How My Writing Has Improved

After this semester of English 102, at Bristol Community College I feel that I have gained the skill to articulate what I want to convey to the reader in many ways. I don't just look at grammatical error, but instead I look for ways to make my sentences more effective and concise. Nevertheless, I hope that this strategy will continue to help me improve my writing even further on in the future. My strong points as a reader have also definitely improved after reading the poems and stories we experienced this semester. Writing has been an important form of expression for me. I find myself to be very soft spoken and speaking verbally is usually difficult for me because I can't always seem to find the right words to say. I feel that I am more expressive and have more control over what I want to say. While this semester progressed toward its end, I have learned new writing skills and gradually learned how to engage with audiences. This skill was very useful in meeting my course goals in English 102. I believe that I have grown at organization and careful stream my thoughts as well. Before I would just begin writing my papers without any plans or organization, along with no definite idea of where I would be going with the assignments, but throughout this course I've learned that you should base your paper around your thesis statement. Another skill I took from this class was to value my classmate's responses, from their reactions made me much more aware that my main ideas

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The Importance of Citing in Academic Writing

Many students today fail to understand the importance of citing sources when they write academic papers. Furthermore, some only cite sources because they are concerned about the grade that they are going to get if their paper is not complete. Plagiarism has become a common practice as individuals prefer to steal intellectual information from others. The ability to create is one of humanity's most important talents and it is wrong for someone to rob an individual of his or her right to put across his or her creativity. Most people understand the unfairness of committing plagiarism when their ideas are stolen and used without their consent and with the person who committed this immorality expressing no interest in referencing them. Academic writing encompasses a complex set of concepts and a person who wants to do it needs to get actively engaged in writing a document is likely to be reviewed by a group of scholars familiar with the subject under discussion. A citation is basically "a signpost and an acknowledgement" (Hunter). The fact that it is a signpost means that it provides readers with information regarding where they can find the source of the writer's inspiration. Its value as an acknowledgement relates to how the writer needs to put across his or her appreciation in regard to the sources that he or she used.

In the academic world writers can only function by using sources and this is largely what keeps this

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Introduction

The three communication theories I have applied to provide the most insight into understanding the dynamics of the observed conversation between two people are; the transmission model (Shannon & Weaver 1949), Foulger 's ecological model (Foulger 2004), and an expanded model of communication (Eunson 2012).

In this essay I have used a conversation I had listened to which was between my friend (from here on will be named George) and his friend (from here on will be named Mark). Problems that arose during the conversation will be explained as well as how George and Mark overcame them. From there the essay will compare and contrast the three communication theories and decide which of these best simplify the conversation. ...show more content...

Figure 2: An Ecological Model of the Communication (Source: Foulger 2004)

Eunson 's expanded model of communication is more complex than Foulger 's as well as Shannon and Weaver 's models, though it is more appropriate to this conversation had between George and Mark due to the fact it shows that in order for the communication to happen the sender must pre–edit and then encode the message pass the message onto the receiver where he decodes and edits the message. Eunson also takes into account the use of mechanical, behavioural and semantic factors of encoding, and understands that if the message is to be understood the receiver must be able to decode the message. This is particularly relevant, and highly important to this conversation between George and Mark due to the factors mentioned before.

Context

Figure 3: An expanded model of communication (Source: Eunson 2012)

Conclusion

I have found Shannon and Weavers transactional model too simple and cannot evaluate the complexities of this situation, and that Foulger 's model too broad and not able to focus on the problems that need to be addressed. Therefore, I believe that Eunson 's expanded model of communication is the most adequate to use out of the three models that were written about

because Eunson 's model has shown how a message from George is first pre–edited

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Harvard Referencing Guide

A guide to the Harvard referencing system

Maureen Dwyer

This article explains how to reference an academic work using the Harvard system. Instructions comply with the relevant British standards, i.e. BS 5605:1990, BS 1629:1989 and BS 6371:1983. The importance of referencing in an approved manner is discussed and problem areas such as joint authors, corporate authorship and unpublished works are examined. The issue of second–hand references that are not addressed by the standards is also explained–

he Harvard system is a popular referencing system for academic works and is Ah( often referred to as the 'author/date ' system, which distinguishes it from the Vancouver or 'numerical ' system. To be more specific, it...show more content... exact date is not known, an approximate date followed by a question mark can be given, e.g. (16th century?). Where no date is given or can be found, (No date) or the .lbbrcviation (ND) should be stated. Title: Always use the title on the title piige. Give the full title, although the inclusion of the subtitle is optional. Journal titles should be given in full, with abbreviations used only in accordance with BS 4148 (BSI, 1985). If referring to a whole journal – not just an article within it – give the journal name and its International Standard Serial Number (ISSN), e.g. Journal of Ecology, ISSN 0022–0477.

Reference: Dickinson EJ (1991) Quality hospitals: the role of medical audit. Geriatric Medicine 21: 27–8, 31–2. Citations in the text # Use only the author*s/s ' surname(s) and year of publication, with the addition of page number(s) if required, e.g. (Swann, 1981, p. 10). # Where sense demands, the name of the author(s) can be incorporated into the text, e.g. Strauss and Ziegler (1975) outline the main goals of the Delphi

technique, with Turoff (1970) identifying four secondary goals. # If two or more works by the same author(s) have the same publication date, they should be distinguished by adding lower case letters after the date, e.g. (Tschudin, 1992b).

Finalised reference list

Edition: It is important to state second or further Get

Scientists, economists, and policy makers all agree the world is facing threat from climate warming. Climate warming is caused by excess greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide which are heat trapping gasses. Human use of fossil fuels is a significant source of these gasses. When we drive our cars, heat our homes with oil or natural gas, or use electricity from coal fired power plants, we contribute to global warming. Including any loss of trees or forests also contributes, considering trees convert carbon dioxide to oxygen. Global warming will have a worldwide effect but the problem is expected to be most severe in Africa, where the people are poor, temperatures are high, precipitation is low, technological change is slow, and where...show more content...

The changes occurring in the habitat of Africa will affect animals, plants, birds, marine life, and humans. There will be many efforts to adapt but only the hardy will survive. Africa has about one fifth of all known species of plants, mammals and birds. We can begin to predict the impact of climate changes on these species by looking at things that have happened in the past. For example, climate change is known to have caused massive bleaching of the coral reefs in the Indian Ocean, killing 50% in some areas. Climate change can also affect animals on land by changing their range and perhaps exposing them to new predators. Such as the number of animals who migrate seasonally. These changes in seasons and rainfall may change migration patterns, which may also put stress on the land with increasing use by many species. Plant life may also be affected as climate changes are causing plants to either die out or attempt to migrate to a new area. There are several thousand species of plants that could be involved (Desanker, 2003). It also has an effect on the human population. Migrations of people to areas of increased resources can lead to changes in the social structure, and conflict among groups. Third, African farmers have adapted to a certain amount of climate variability, but climate change may well force large regions of marginal agriculture out of production. Even

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Hertfordshire Business School Guide to Harvard Referencing

This guide has been produced by the ASU in response to questions from Hertfordshire Business School (HBS) students about the important subject of accurate referencing. It is essential for you to reference your work thoroughly because what you write for HBS must be 'evidenced ' –your discussion and arguments should consist mainly of academic theory and 'expert ' practitioner experience. These two main sources (theory and practice) MUST be referenced throughout your writing. Readers must be able to see which words are your own words and any original ideas, and what sources you have used as evidence to back up your assertions. Good referencing is ESSENTIAL because:

1) Your...show more content...

If you decide to include the exact words of another author, you must enclose their words with quotation marks and include the page number in–text, e.g. Schutte (1999:298) asserts "westerners regarded the Japanese as workaholics". See example 48 on page 14 for examples.

Final list of References: Consistent punctuation and spacing are necessary in the References. Some general rules apply: * Author or authors' names: * Use only the initials of the author or authors ' given names. * No full stops are used between initials. * Generational titles, i.e. Junior, Senior or roman numerals are only included in the References list, e.g. Smith, J., Jr. (2009) ... Academic prefixes, i.e. Dr. are omitted from the reference. * Titles of works: * Only capitalise content words for the titles of books, book chapters and journal articles. * In the titles of journals, magazines and newspapers, capital letters should be used as they appear normally. * Use italics for the titles of books, journals, and newspapers. * Enclose titles of book chapters and journal articles in inverted commas (single quotation marks). * Page numbering: * Books: page numbers are not usually needed in the final list of References. * Journals: page numbers appear as the final item of the citation, followed by a full stop. In the Reference list, use the abbreviation p. for one page, and pp. for a page range, e.g.

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Referencing Resilience

Your statement referencing resilience as how an individual bounce back from a bad situation is accurate. Individuals who do not have the qualities of resilience can learn these qualities. By having a positive outlook can overcome depression. Accepting and giving kindness will make you feel good about yourself and brings you happiness. Happiness overcomes sadness and builds self–confidence which is very important in building resilience. When an individual feels better about themselves, they develop confidence. A confident individual will be open to accepting help which will lead to open Get

424 – Task 1.1 Introduction Referencing is when you acknowledge materials used while researching, including books; papers; websites and other published or unpublished materials. References are used to acknowledge the parts of your work that are based on information from other outside sources and have been written by someone else not by yourself. References are a way to acknowledge the other authors and give them accreditation. If you fail to use references, what you have written would be classed as plagiarism and will be discredited. When to use referencing Referencing should be used whenever quotations of an original text is used or you refer to quotations and paraphrase any content that has been written by someone else. References could

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PART A

Reflection piece on leadership experience

Introduction

As part of this critical assignment, it is a requirement that I reflect on my own experience as a Leader where I have demonstrated a high level of emotional intelligence, as well use theories to demonstrate my learning's.

Example 1

I was a Human Resources Manager for a Mining organisation, supervising four staff members at various locations within Queensland, my goal was to oversee and ensure that all contract employees were processed in a timely manner, for example, inducted, reference checked, accommodation booked and cleared for medicals before entering a mining site, all data was required to be updated in the company's data base. Furthermore all letters of offers were to be cited for my approval.

I found it difficult to manage one of my staff members's who was habitually...show more content...

I assessed the situation before deciding which leadership behaviour would be the most effective to approach the team member; I came to the conclusion that Directive Leadership style (House, 1971), in this instance would be best, I felt I needed to set firm boundaries, clarify how the work that she did connected with the other team members, remind the team member of the organisations targets that were expected to be met quarterly, I explained that an organised a daily work schedule would be maintained, in addition mandatory meetings once a week to monitor their

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