Edition Subordinated Clauses Spark Magazine An informative and educational magazine in perfect English. By: Carlos Manuel Rojas Valerio I.D: 31.571.881 Career: Systems Engineering N°: 47#. Volume#1
Definition
A subordinate clause is a clause that cannot stand on its own as a complete sentence. It always depends on an independent clause to complete its meaning. Subordinate clauses are often used to add information, show time, or express cause and effect.
Characteristics
o Asubordinate clause always contains a subject and a verb.
o A subordinate clause is introduced by a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun.
o A subordinate clause cannot stand on its own as a complete sentence.
o Types of Subordinate Clauses
o There are four main types of subordinate clauses:
o Adjective clauses modify nouns or pronouns. They are introduced by relative pronouns such as who, whom, whose, which, that, and what.
o Noun clauses function as nouns in a sentence. They are introduced by subordinating conjunctions such as that, whether, if, when, where, why, and how.
o Adverb clauses modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They are introduced by subordinating conjunctions such as because, since, although, while, as, when, where, why, and how.
o Modal clauses express possibility, necessity, or permission. They are introduced by modal verbs such as can, could, may, might, must, should, and would.
Types of Subordinate Clauses
There are six main types of subordinate clauses:
•Time clauses are used to indicate when something happened. They are introduced by subordinating conjunctions such as when, before, after, while, as soon as, until, and since.
•Reason clauses are used to explain why something happened. They are introduced by subordinating conjunctions such as because, since, as, and for.
•Purpose clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action. They are introduced by subordinating conjunctions such as so that, in order that, and lest.
•Result clauses are used to indicate the result of an action. They are introduced by subordinating conjunctions such as so, such that, and that.
•Concession clauses are used to express an idea that is contrary to the main clause. They are introduced by subordinating conjunctions such as although, even though, though, and while.
•-ing clauses are used to indicate an action that is ongoing or in progress. They are introduced by the -ing form of the verb, such as going, eating, and running.
Examples
•Time clauses:
• I will go to the store when I finish my homework.
• I will call you after I get off work.
•Reason clauses:
• I went to the doctor because I was feeling sick.
• I stayed home from school because it was raining.
•Purpose clauses:
• I saved up my money so that I could buy a new car.
• I studied hard in order to pass the test.
•Result clauses:
• I was so tired that I fell asleep.
• The water was so cold that I couldn't swim.
•Concession clauses:
• Although I was tired, I went to the party.
• Even though I didn't want to, I went to the doctor.
•-ing clauses:
• I'm going to the store right now.
• I'm eating a sandwich for lunch.
Examples
•Adjective clause: The book thatIbought is very good.
•Noun clause: I know thatyouarelying.
•Adverb clause: I will go whenIamready.
•Modal clause: I can do it if you help me.
Exercises
Here are some exercises to help you practice identifying subordinate clauses:
1.Identify the subordinate clauses in the following sentences:
1.I went to the store because I needed milk.
2.The cat that I saw was very cute.
3.I will go to the party if I am invited.
4.I know that you are lying.
2.Write a sentence with each of the following types of subordinate clauses:
1.Adjective clause
2.Noun clause
3.Adverb clause
4.Modal clause
Conclusion
Subordinate clauses are an important part of English grammar. They can be used to add information, show time, or express cause and effect. By understanding the different types of subordinate clauses and how to use them, you can improve your writing skills and make your sentences more complex and interesting.
Use of Subordinating Nexus by Clause
Type
•Time clauses can be expanded by using more specific subordinating conjunctions, such as as soon as, until, and since. For example, instead of saying "I will go to the store when I finish my homework," you could say "I will go to the store as soon as I finish my homework.“
•Reason clauses can be expanded by adding more details about the reason for the action. For example, instead of saying "I went to the doctor because I was feeling sick," you could say "I went to the doctor because I had been feeling sick for a week and the symptoms were getting worse.“
•Purpose clauses can be expanded by adding more details about the purpose of the action. For example, instead of saying "I saved up my money so that I could buy a new car," you could say "I saved up my money so that I could buy a new car that would get good gas mileage and be safe for my family.“
•Result clauses can be expanded by adding more details about the result of the action. For example, instead of saying "I was so tired that I fell asleep," you could say "I was so tired that I fell asleep as soon as my head hit the pillow.“
•Concession clauses can be expanded by adding more details about the concession. For example, instead of saying "Although I was tired, I went to the party," you could say "Although I was tired and didn't really want to go, I went to the party because my friends were really excited about it.“
•-ing clauses can be expanded by adding more details about the action. For example, instead of saying "I'm going to the store right now," you could say "I'm going to the store right now to pick up some milk and bread."
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About Comma Magazine Purpose RemindeOf Spark ThinjOf Verbs Clauses Concession Nexus Reason Result Subordinated Time -IngClauses
Search on Subordinate
to speed up your mind and entertain yourself for a while.
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Clauses
Nexus Of The Verbs
Fixed and variable verb nexuses are two types of subordinate clauses that are used to express a relationship between two ideas. Fixed verb nexuses are always introduced by the same subordinating conjunction, while variable verb nexuses can be introduced by a variety of subordinating conjunctions.
Fixed Verb Nexuses
The most common fixed verb nexus is "remind of." This nexus is used to express the idea that one thing makes you think of another thing. For example, you might say "The smell of fresh bread reminds me of my grandmother's kitchen." The subordinating conjunction "of" is always used with the verb "remind" in this type of clause.
Other examples of fixed verb nexuses include:
"consist of“
"alike in"
"different from“
"similar to“
"related to“
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Variable Verb Nexuses
Variable verb nexuses are more flexible than fixed verb nexuses. They can be introduced by a variety of subordinating conjunctions, depending on the specific relationship that you are trying to express. For example, you might say "I think about my grandmother's kitchen all the time" or "I was thinking about my grandmother's kitchen when I smelled the fresh bread." The subordinating conjunctions "about" and "when" can both be used to introduce a variable verb nexus with the verb "think.“
Other examples of variable verb nexuses include:
"know about“
"hear about“
"talk about“
"dream about“
"care about"
When to Use Fixed or Variable Verb Nexuses
The choice of whether to use a fixed or variable verb nexus depends on the specific relationship that you are trying to express. If the relationship is very specific, such as "reminds me of," then you should use a fixed verb nexus. However, if the relationship is more general, such as "think about," then you can use a variable verb nexus.
Here is a table that summarizes the differences between fixed and variable verb nexuses:
Subordinati
Examples "The smell of fresh breadremindsmeof my grandmother's kitchen."
"Ithinkaboutmy grandmother's kitchen all the time."
Feature Fixed Verb Nexuses Variable Verb Nexuses
ng conjunction
Varies
on
relationship Relationshi p Veryspecific
Always"of"
depending
the
Moregeneral
Horizontal
2 clauses are used to explain why something happened. They are introduced by subordinating conjunctions such as because, since,as,andfor.
5
A punctuation mark (,) used to separate elements within a sentence, to enclose incises or clarifications, to indicate omissions, etc.; it usually indicates a brief pause within the sentence.
7 clauses are used to explain why something happened. They are introduced by subordinating conjunctions such as because, since,as,andfor.
8
A set of words forming a complete meaning; includes a proposition or several propositions closelyrelatedtoeachother.
9
Subjecttofrequent orprobablechange.
11
A linguistic element that serves to unite or relate two other elements, especially at the syntacticlevel.
13
To make one person or thing dependent on another orothers.
14
Periodical publication in the form of a notebook with articles of general information or of a specific subject, with a flexible and light cover andoftenillustrated.
Vertical
1 clauses are used to express an idea that is contrary to the main clause. They are introduced by subordinating conjunctions such as although, even though,though,andwhile.
3
Quality or circumstance that is proper or peculiar to a person or thing and by which it is defined or distinguished from others ofthesamespecies.
4 luminous or luminous particle that jumps from a burning material or from thefrictionoftwoobjects.
6 That is stable or permanent and not subjecttochangeoralteration.
10 clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action. They are introduced by subordinating conjunctions such as so that,inorder that,andlest.
12 clauses are used to indicate an action that is ongoing or in progress. They are introduced by the -ing form of the verb, suchas going,eating,andrunning.
CrossWord
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Comma Usage In English
Commas are one of the most frequently used punctuation marks in English, and they can be used to serve a variety of purposes. Here are some of the most common comma rules:
• To separate independent clauses. An independent clause is a complete sentence that can stand on its own. When you join two independent clauses with a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet), you need to use a comma before the coordinating conjunction. For example:
I went to the store, and I bought some groceries.
• To set off non-essential clauses. A non-essential clause is a clause that provides additional information about the main clause, but it is not essential to the meaning of the sentence. Non-essential clauses are typically set off by commas. For example:
The cat, which is black and white, is sitting on the couch.
• To set off appositives. An appositive is a word or phrase that renames or identifies the noun that it follows. Appositives are typically set off by commas. For example:
My friend, John, is coming over tonight.
Comma Usage In English
• To separate items in a series. When you list three or more items in a series, you need to use commas to separate them. For example:
I bought milk, eggs, bread, and cheese.
• To use with direct address. Direct address is when you address someone directly in a sentence. When you do this, you need to use a comma to set off the person's name. For example:
Hey, John, can you help me with this?
These are just some of the most common comma rules. There are many other comma rules, but these are the ones that you are most likely to use on a regular basis.
Here are some additional tips for using commas effectively:
Use commas consistently. Once you learn the basic comma rules, it is important to use them consistently. This will help your writing to be clear and easy to read. Don't overuse commas. While commas are important, you don't want to overuse them. Too many commas can make your writing look cluttered and confusing. Use your judgment. Sometimes, there are no hard and fast rules about when to use commas. In these cases, you need to use your judgment to decide whether or not a comma is necessary.
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