Landscape architect, Landscape planner portfolio

Selected Works 2016 - 2020 PAKKASEM TONGCHAI Portforlio

Pakkasem Tongchai Pakasemtc@gmail.com Graduted Student Landscape Architect

NOTABLE ACTIVITIES

PROFILE

With a present sense of urgency, my drive as a landscape architect and a graduate student in landscape architecture I’ve always been trying to think and question the impact of humans in the landscape. and how we understand nature.

I consider this concern to be the main role to serve and drive societies to be sustainable living. With profound knowledge of the planning and design along with I have adroitness in the use of geographic information software such as ArcMap for work and more effective.

PLACE AND DATE OF BIRTH July 23, 1993

Jan 2020

Developing a digital solution-based Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) methodology to asesse the impacts and benefits of NbS and Eba Measures by Office of the National Water Resource, and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Participated in Chulalongkorn University team for EbA Monitoring and Evaluation of FloodDetention System in Yom River Basin Thailand. Subject: Hydrology,Water Resources,Socio-Economic Analysis

Bangkok, Thailand

Jan 2020

The International Geodesign Collaboration 2019 - 2020 Changing Geography by Design Participated in Chulalongkorn University team for geodesign project “The Alternative Future of Chiang Mai: Green - Blue Infrastructuresand Resilient Peri-Urban Landscapes”

Bangkok, Thailand

Jan 2019

The International Geodesign Collaboration 2018-2019 Changing Geography by Design Participated in Chulalongkorn University team for geodesign project “The Alternative Future of Chiang Mai: Green - Blue Infrastructures and Resilient Rural Landscapes”

Bangkok, Thailand

Dec 2016

Academic seminar : Urban Tree Care (Rak Mai Rak Muang) by Architect Council of Thailand Participated as moderator

Bangkok, Thailand

Jun 2015

60 Park Project by BIG TREE PROJECT Participated with team form Department of Landscape Architecture Chulalongkorn University : Prasae Park, Rayong, Thailand

Rayong, Thailand

LINK: https://b52a2f9e-824b-440e-8d87-00e7c850671a.filesusr.com/ugd/f24d78_22ac2c519aef4cd78f2bc309863fdaa4.pdf

Nationality: Thai

Bangkok, Thailand

100 Phueng mee 50 Sukumvit 93 Rd.Bang Chak Phra Khanong, 10260 Tel. +66- 86 -570 - 5911

Bangkok, Thailand

linkedin.com/in/pakkasem-tongchai-265157173

EMPLOYMENT HISTORY Jul 2017 – Apr 2018

RAFA DESIGN OFFICE CO., LTD.

Bangkok, Thailand

Assistant Landscape Architect – Landscape Architect (Assoc. Arch. 678)

LICENCE

Thailand Landscape Architect (Assoc. Arch. 678)

•Thai Native language •English Good

Awards

Chulalongkorn University

Chulalongkorn University

Bangkok, Thailand

Major: Visual Animation and Design

The Future Park Design Ideas Competition Exhibited as 31 shortlisted team 4 Oct - 1 Nov 2019 at University of Melbourne

Melborne, Australia

Nov 2017

The International Federation of Landscape Architects Asia Pacific Region (IFLA APR) 2017 International Student Competition

Bangkok, Thailand

2nd Prize: When Flood Equals Wealth at Bangkien, Choomsang, Nakonsawan, Thailand Aug 2017

LINK: http://cargocollective.com/stu80-LA/Ecology/Ecology-1

Satit Prasarnmit Demonstration School (Secondary)

Nov 2019

Bangkok, Thailand

Bachelor of Landscape Architecture Thesis: Floodplain Management and Planning at Bangkiean, Choomsang, Nakonsawam, Thailand Advisor: Danai Thaitakoo Jun 2006 – Mar 2011

• Industrial software: AutoCAD Civil 3d, 3Dsmax, Rhinoceros, Adobe Photoshop, illustrator and Indesign

ACHIEVEMENTS

Master of Landscape Architecture Program Thesis: Flood Pulsing Landscape and Ecosystem Services of Yom River Watershed: A Case Study Kong Sub-District Kong Krailas District Sukhothai Province (in process) Advisor: Danai Thaitakoo Will be completed at Sep 2020 Jul 2012 – Jun 2016

• Geographic Information system: ArcMap, Remote Sensing, 2d and 3d analysis, QGIS • Microsoft Office: Microsoft Excel (able to create visual basic command), Microsoft Project, Word, PowerPoint

EDUCATION Aug 2018 – Present

LANGUAGES

SKILL

Bangkok, Thailand

DESIGNING RESILIENCE 2017 OPEN COMPETITION AWARDS 10 Honorable mention (in no particular order): Life in floodplain and drought at Bangkiean, Choomsang, Nakonsawan, Thailand

Singapore

CONTENT

Floodplain Management and Planning When Flood Equals Wealth

1-22

The Alternative Future of Chiang Mai: Green - Blue Infrastructures and Resilient Rural Landscapes

23-28

The Alternative Future of Chiang Mai: Green - Blue Infrastructures and Resilient Peri-Urban Landscapes

29-34

The Future Park Design Ideas Competition Melbourne from Past to Last

35-38

Flood Pulsing Landscape and Ecosystem Services of Yom River Watershed A Case Study Kong Sub-District Kong Krailas District Sukhothai Province (in process)

39-49

Location Bangkiean, Choomsang, Nakonsawam, Thailand Awards Nov 2017

The International Federation of Landscape Architects Asia Pacific Region (IFLA APR) 2017 International Student Competition

Bangkok, Thailand

2nd Prize: When Flood Equals Wealth at Bangkien, Choomsang, Nakonsawan, Thailand Aug 2017

Jul 2012 – Jun 2016

DESIGNING RESILIENCE 2017 OPEN COMPETITION AWARDS 10 Honorable mention (in no particular order): Life in floodplain and drought at Bangkiean, Choomsang, Nakonsawan, Thailand

Singapore

Bangkok, Thailand

Chulalongkorn University Bachelor of Landscape Architecture Thesis: Floodplain Management and Planning at Bangkiean, Choomsang, Nakonsawam, Thailand Advisor: Danai Thaitakoo LINK: http://cargocollective.com/stu80-LA/Ecology/Ecology-1

Floodplain Management and Planning When Flood Equals Wealth

This project analyzes and designs the floodplain area of Bangkien, Choomsang, Nakonsawan, in order to create landscape flexibility to cope with natural dynamic. The site is frequently flooded under the influence of Yom and Nan rivers. Even though the government has provided “Gam Ling”, a flood plain area policy to Bangkien, which is determining the area to trap more floodwater than others and disburse a compensation for the community, such amount of money does not worth the drawbacks people have to endure.

The goal of this project is inspired by this current situation, which leads to the design the landscape to manage water and create the infrastructural system. Adapting the idea of Netherland’s Polder system and Ka-nhud suan (Thai ditch and dike system), ridges in agricultural fields and residential areas are reorganized following the analysis to control the volume of water in the site. This design controls water leaks in flooding season and stores water in draught. Plantings in the site are native and can survive during a protracted flood.

Moreover, this landscape design also focuses on changing the community’s perspective towards flood that people can benefit from floodplain, since it is abundant with natural resources (For example, rice and freshwater fish, rather than only expect a compensate money. With the design that suits the site’s context and local people’s way of life, this project can give a sustainable future for both Bangkien and its dwellers.

1

2

What is Landscape (Floodplain) ?

The Chaopraya basin consists of Ping, Wang, Yom, and Nan watershed from the northern part of Thailand. This basin is formed by fluvial process that creates a vast flat area in the central part of Thailand. The Structure of basin is main river, Floodplain , and terrace. The study area is influenced by the seasonal fluctuation of water in the river every year.

the key of this landscape is dynamic. the significant characteristic of the landscape have a 3 main process of connectivity 1. Temporal connectivity 2. Vertical connectivity 3. Lateral connectivity

A

Dynamic relationship of land and water

A’

right map show flood pattern in Bangkien averaged in 10 year 2007 - 2016 when yom river start to overflowing half of the water from yom river will link into Tha makam canal (side canal) and flood into Bang kein area.

Bang Kien Stream

Tha Kamin Stream

Yom River

Nan River

Main River

Main River

Huay Chan Stream

floodplain ( Backswamp ) 3

Section A-A’ 4

Human Interactiion on Lanscape

Before 2490 B.E.

2490 B.E.

2497 B.E.

2518 B.E.

2560 B.E.

Before 2490 B.E.

2490 B.E.

2497 B.E.

2518 B.E.

2560 B.E.

Human migrated from the lower chao praya river by Floating house to this area and settlement along the riverside and canal.

Human started to modify the floodplain to grow rice for food . By useing Floating rice to adpated with dynamic of this area in floodseason

The demand rice in green revolution era made a lot of impact on floodplain because human started to modify the swamp area into ricefield cause the flood storage area in floodplain start to diminished

Before humans start to settlemented , This Floodplain have a large area that provided for water storage in flood season and diversed with flora and fauna such as Elephant

5

6

Nowaday , the effected of human activities in floodplain cause flood in wet season becomes disaster and drought in dry season . consequently, hardship living of human in this floodplain is still continue.

Annual Climate Analysis Hydrology is the key factor of how to understand river and floodplain by gathering raindata, water level, and spatial data from sattleite image.

2550 2551 2552 2553 2554 JAN

FEB

MAR

APRIL

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

2555 2556 2557 2558 2559 DEC

B.E. 2553 Storm Year B.E. 2555 Average Year B.E. 2558 Drought year

Water Level adaptd from Royal Irrigation Department

Inundate area from Gistda

Drought map from Gistda

7

8

Yom River

Pichit River

Tha Kamin Canal

Ma kok noi Canal

1st Flood map

2nd Flood map

Topo + Road + Village

Drought Map

3th Flood map

Nan River

Nhong suer Canal

Huay chan Canal

Baan Beung Canal

Topo + Road + Village

Tha manow Canal

Huay rua Canal

Baan Lad Canal

Krieng Kri

Ping River

Canal

13th and 14th village located in the highest flood and drought area 13th and 14th village Baan bangkein 158 family 390 people

139 family 354 people ROAD

Boraphed Lake

Chao praya River 9

RIVER COMMUNITY RAILWAY 10

Topo + Road + Village

บ้านเนินสะเดา

บ้านเนินสะเดา

บ้านคลองยาง บ้านหนองสนุ่น

บ้านสันเนิน คลองท่ามะนาว อบต บ้านบางไอวุ่น

บ้านคลองยาง

คลองห้วชัน

บ้านหนองสนุ่น

คลองส่งน�้ำ + 25.50 ม รทก

บ้านสันเนิน คลองท่ามะนาว

คลองส่งน�้ำ + 25.50 ม รทก

อบต บ้านบางไอวุ่น

คลองห้วชัน

คลองส่งน�้ำ + 25.50 ม รทก คลองส่งน�้ำ + 25.50 ม รทก

บ้านท่ามะพลับ

คลองส่งน�้ำ + 25.50 ม รทก

คลองบ้านบึง

หนองน�้ำ

คลองส่งน�้ำ + 25.50 ม รทก

คันริมแม่น�้ำ 22.50 ม. รทก

บ้านท่ามะพลับ คันถนน + 23.50 ม. รทก

คลองบ้านบึง

คลองส่งน�้ำ + 25.50 ม รทก

ถนนทางหลวงชนบท + 24.00

หนองน�้ำ

คลองบ้านลาด

หนองน�้ำ

คลองบางหว้า

คลองหว้า

คันริมแม่น�้ำ 22.50 ม. รทก

ห้วยน�้ำลาด หมู่ 3 บ้านลาด หนองน�้ำ

คันถนน + 23.50 ม. รทก

หนองสาลา + 22.00 ม. รทก

คลองส่งน�้ำ + 25.50 ม รทก

คลองส่งน�้ำ + 25.50 ม รทก

คลองห้วยสระ

หมู่ 6 บึงกบละคร

หนองน�้ำ

หมู่ 13 บ้านบางเคียน

ถนนทางหลวงชนบท + 24.00 คลองเกรียงไกร

บึงกบละคร

หนองน�้ำ

ห้วยน�้ำลาด หมู่ 3 บ้านลาด หนองน�้ำ

Settlement

หมู่ 14 บ้านบางเคียน หนองน�้ำ

คลองห้วยสระ

หมู่ 6 บึงกบละคร หนองน�้ำ หนองน�้ำ

propose canal and direction to take the water from Tha manow canal irrigated into polder network.

Topology map and water system

หนองสาลา + 22.00 ม. รทก

คลองส่งน�้ำ + 25.50 ม รทก

Riparian area Water bodies Dredge Canal Road

คลองส่งน�้ำ + 24.50 ม รทก

คลองบ้านลาด

คลองบางหว้า

คลองหว้า

Rice Field

คลองทิง คลองส่งน�้ำ + 23.50 ม รทก

ถนนทางหลวงชนบท + 24.00

หนองน�้ำ

Legend

หนองน�้ำ

ถนนทางหลวงชนบท + 24.00 คลองเกรียงไกร

หมู่ 13 บ้านบางเคียน

บึงกบละคร

คลองทิง หนองน�้ำ

คลองส่งน�้ำ + 23.50 ม รทก

หมู่ 14 บ้านบางเคียน หนองน�้ำ

flow direction map show how water irrigate into polder by gravity and distribute water into dry area to share their water resource in flood season

คลองส่งน�้ำ + 24.50 ม รทก

Masterplan SECTION POLDER AREA Wat Klong-yang Klong-yang school

Krieng-Krai canal Polder canal

orchard Bang-wha canal

wha canal polder dike Tha-manow canal

rice field

wetland

orchard

rice field

11

residencial area

riparian area

polder area

polder dike

polder area

polder dike

polder area

riparian area

polder area

12

riparian area

polder area

polder dike

Design Typology

Existing condition in Bangkien, Choom- Relocated road dike from canal, created sang. Human faced problems from severe riparian area for fish habitat and bearing flood and drought in this area. area for flood season

Create polder system and dredge canal link water from canal to irrigated canal.

JAN

FEB

Regulating the water in flood season by newly-created canal system irrigated to polder area for mitigated flood in some area and digest water in dry area for agriculture

Reorganized rice field for irrigated water, using fish and farming system functioned as sub polder, using orchard for food source in dry season and reorganizing residencial area

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

In sub-polder, there is a floodable area When water start to overflow from canal, the water will run into sub canal - polder that allow water and native fish to flood canal - polder area for irrigated into orther into rice fields .This is imitation of the natural process in floodplain which people area can benefit from native fish and water in dry season

JUL

AUG

SEP

Native fish migrate into Rice field

Blue infrastructure plan water Green Infrastructure

detail masterplan for 1 polder area 13

NOV fishes outs into river

Native fish Starts to Spawning

MASTERPLAN

OCT

14

DEC

Native fish migrate into Rice field in flood season by polder canal grai Ta-po ta-pian-kow Barbodes gonionotus Chitala ornata Pangaslus larnaudiel

sang-ga-vaad-lhung kod-lhung Dang Pangaslus macronema Micronema bleekeri Hamibagrus Filamentus

the new canal divert water to sub polder but not just for irrigation. the design try to mimic the natural form of river and native vegetation for flora and fuana habitat see detail below

Yang-na Dipterocarpus alatus

Sa-nho Sesbania Javanica

Ta-kian Hopea odorata Pug-Bung Impomoea aquatica

Khoi Streblus asper

Yha-Prag-Nam Psuedoroshis spinescens

Phi-Roug Thyrsostachys siamensis

Choom-sang Xanthophyllum lanceatum

Reorganize residencial area

1 3

14

4

1 2

19

Yang-na Dipterocarpus alatus

21 1

17 22

13

16

11

Orchard 4

3

15

Traditional Homegarden

9 20 Multi-family house

house

6

Orchard 1

Cha-plu Piper sarmentosum

8

2

Prig-kee-nhu Capsicum annuum

9

Ho-ra-pa Ocimum basilicum

Ditch

Ta-kian Hopea odorata An-chaan Clitoria ternatea

10

Dike

3

11

single-family house

slope area Ma-Moung Chom-poo-ma-mhaew Mangifera indica Syzygium malaccense

Tree 19

Multi-family house

20

23

21

13

Toey-hom Pandanus

14

Plu Psophocarpus

15

Tour-phuk-yow Vigna unguiculata

16

Tam-Lueng Coccinia grandis

17

4

Choom-sang Xanthophyllum lanceatum

single-family house Sa-dow Azadirachta indica

15

Ma-Kham Tamarindus Indica

Taan Borassus flabellifer

Yor Morinda citrifolia

Sa-nho Sesbania Javanica

5

6

5

10

23

2

2

Ka-nhun Kae Cha-om Ma-Fueng Artocarpus heterophyllus Sesbania grandifloraSenegalia pennataAverrhoa carambola

Ma-Krood Citrus hystrix

Sa-dow Azadirachta indica

RIparian area for fish habitat

5

Sa-nho Sesbania Javanica

16

Transport channal

Traditional home garden with edible fence for community

in-polder canal for transportation and irrigation

Water all year Storage for dry season The goal of this project is inspired by the mentioned conceptual framework, which leads to water management and ecosystem restoration. Adapting the idea of Polder system and Ka-nhud suan (Thai ditch and dike), ridges in agricultural fields and residential areas are reorganized following the topography and ecological analysis to control water’s volume

Polder calnal

krieng krai river

Floating rice + aquatic plants + fish

17

Deep water rice / aquatic plant native fish

Off season rice and with rice and fish aquaculture system

Seasonal crop

18

Orchards

Village

River

Polder canal (dredged canal) for transportaion , fish habitat and irrigation in dryseason

Native fish migrate into Rice field in flood season by polder canal

Rice - Fish aquaculture in off rice season field with biological engineering on dyke protection

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

Rice Season Native fish Start to Spawning

SEP

OCT

Take water to floosplain

Native fish migrate into Rice field Seasonal Crop in Dry area

Seasonal crop

NOV

DEC

Fishing in ricefield

Activity calender in sub polder area. Planting rice in the rainy season and provide water area to trap native fish when the flood season start and provide refuge pond for fish in dry season.

Polder canal (dredged canal) for transportaion ,fish habitat and irrigation in flood season

water retention and fish habitat in flood season (normal year)

water retention and fish habitat in flood season (normal year)

floating rice and fish area had expanded floating rice and fish area had expanded 19

20

DESIGNING RESILIENCE 2017 OPEN COMPETITION AWARDS

The International Federation of Landscape Architects Asia Pacific Region (IFLA APR) 2017 International Student Competition DRA9002692C

LIFE IN FLOODPLAIN AND DROUGHT AT BANGKIEN , CHOOMSANG , NAKORNSAWAN LANDSCAPE PROJECT FOR COMMUNITY IN FLOODPLAIN AT BANGKIEN , CHOOMSANG , NAKORNSAWAN

WHEN FLOOD EQUALS WEALTH AT Bangkien Choomsang Nakornsawan , Thailand

Regulating the water in flood season by newly-created canal system irrigated to polder area for mitigated flood in some area and digest water in dry area for agriculture

Flood season Aug - Nov

Yom River Pichit River

Tha kamin Canal

propose irrigation canal map Baan nern sadow

tha manow canal

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

Ma kok noi Canal

Before 2490 B.E.

RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEM

FLOODPLAIN ECOSYSTEM

Pichit River

2490 B.E.

2497 B.E.

2518 B.E.

2560 B.E.

Tha kamin Canal

Huay chan Canal

Nan River

Baan Beung Canal

Huay rua Canal

Tha manow Canal

Drought in Dry season Dec - May

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

Baan tha ma plub

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

20 - 21 m

polder dike POLDER CANAL + 24.00 M POLDER CANAL + 24.00 M

Baan Lad Canal

POLDER CANAL + 24.00 M

POLDER CANAL + 24.00 M POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

POLDER CANAL + 24.00 M POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

Ma kok noi Canal

Nhong suer Canal

Yha-prag-nam Psuedoroshis spinescens

Nan River

Huay chan Canal

yha-pong Hydrorhyza aristata

นกยางควาย Bubulcus ibis

เหยี่ยวทุ่ง Circus spilonotus

นกกวัก Amaururnis phoenicurus

นกยางโทนใหญ่ Egretta alba

yang-na Dipterocarpus alatus

ta-kien Hopea odorata

ta-ko Diospyros ebenum

tan Borassus flabellifer

2497 B.E.

Human interaction on Floodplain

Krieng Kri Canal

Ping River

Flood season Aug - Nov

Baan Beung Canal

Nan River

pang-puay-nam Jussiaea reprns

phuk-bung Impomoea aquatica

2518 B.E.

2560 B.E.

Local road + 24.00 m.

WHA CANAL

BAAN LAD CANAL

BAAN LAD CANAL

WHA CANAL

BANG WHA CANAL

WHA CANAL

Baan lad

Tha manow Canal

Huay rua Canal

Yha-ka Imperata imperata

phi-ruak Thyrsostachys siamensis

phuk-tob-chawa Eichornia crassipes

Yha-kow-nok Echinochloa colonum

Baan Lad Canal

Krieng Kri Canal

ped-dang Dendrocygna javanica

tow-na Malayemys subtrijugo

ngoo-shing Ptyas korros

kob-nhong Rana limnocharis

ma-kam Tamarindus Indica

koi Streblus asper

cham-ju-ri Samanea saman

choom-sang Xanthophyllum lanceatum

Boraphed Lake

2497 B.E.

Chao praya River

NATIVE FISH IN YOM RIVER

Dry season Mar - May Krieng Kri Canal

Ping River

2518 B.E.

Tha kamin Canal

Yom River

Nan River

Local Road+ 24.00 m BAAN BANG KIEN

Boo-sai Oxyeleotris marmorata

kod-lhung Hamibagrus Filamentus

ta-pian-kow Barbodes gonionotus

soi nok kow Osteochilus hasselti

mhoo lang yow Yasuhikotakia lecotel

grai Chitala ornata

Ta-po Pangaslus larnaudiel

sang-ga-vaad-lhung Pangaslus macronema

Dang Micronema bleekeri

Kang-bean Micronema bleekeri

lod-lai Macrognathus samiocellatus

ka-yang-bai-kow Mystus singaringan

UPLAND

บึงบอระเพ็ด

Tha kamin Canal side Canal from yom river

Yom River

Nan River

Before 2490 B.E.

Before humans start to settlemented , This Floodplain have a large area that provided for water storage in flood season and diversed with flora and fauna such as Elephant

UPLAND

FLOODPLAIN

RIVER

( BACKSWAMP )

CANAL

CANAL

Flood map normal year

NATURAL LEVEE

2497 B.E.

Human started to modify the floodplain to grow rice for food . By useing Floating rice to resilient with dynamic of this area in floodseason

2518 B.E.

2560 B.E.

Human changed the rice species by the reccommendation of Government for Supply the a large market. the effected of the new species of rice need to control the levels of water in the ricefield and does’nt related with the dynamic of water anymore.

The demand rice in green revolution era made a lot of impact on floodplain because human started to modify the swamp area into ricefield cause the flood storage area in floodplain start to diminished

RIVER

NATURAL LEVEE

UPLAND

Mapping landscape

drought map analysi by NDWI

Yom River

Flood map normal year

Storm year

BACKSWAMP

OXBOW LAKE

NATURAL LEVEE

NATURAL LEVEE

RIVER

BACKSWAMP

road community

HOW TO MANAGE LIFE AND WATER IN CHOOMSANG

Topology & Hydrology political boundary

FEB

3rd area 2 month

2nd area 2.5 month

4th area 1 month

MAR

APR

MAY

stormarea

Existing condition in Bangkien Choomsang. human have problem from flood and drought in this area

drought area

polder map and water infrastructure

24 - 25 m

baan klong yang

23 - 24 m

Huay chan canal baan bang i voon

stormarea

JUN

Create polder system and dredge canal link water from canal to irrigated canal.

drought area

JUL

AUG

Native fish migrate into Rice field

SEP

OCT

NOV

In sub-polder have floodable area that allow water When water start to overflowing from canal the water Reorganized ricefield for irrigated water and use fish and farm system for function as sub polder , orchard for food will link into sub canal - polder canal - polder area for irrigatedand native fish to flood into rice fields .This is imitation the natural process in floodplain . and human can have benefit into orther area in dry season and reorganize ressidencial area from native fish and water for dry season

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

DEC

POLDER CANAL + 24.00 M

Tha-manow canal

3

Sa-nho Sesbania Javanica

Choom-sang Xanthophyllum lanceatum

Pug-Bung Impomoea aquatica

3

wetland

orchards

rice field

residencial area

polder area

riparian area

Yang-na Dipterocarpus alatus

2

5

Ditch

Ta-kian Hopea odorata

Dike

Choom-sang

Yha-Prag-Nam Psuedoroshis spinescens

Xanthophyllum lanceatum

RIparian area for fish habitat

5

Sa-dow Azadirachta indica

Sa-nho Sesbania Javanica

Transport channal

Reorganize residensial area

ting canal

Multi-family house

single-family house

Water all year Storage for dry season

BAAN LAD CANAL

rice field

POLDER CANAL + 25.00 M

4

1 Kob la korn

BAAN BANG KIEN

Phi-Roug Thyrsostachys siamensis

4

floating rice and fish area had expanded

4

1

2

Baan lad

POLDER CANAL + 25.00 M

Local Road+ 24.00 m

kod-lhung Hamibagrus Filamentus

1

BANG WHA CANAL

WHA CANAL

Ta-po Pangaslus larnaudiel

orchard

Local road + 24.00 m.

BAAN LAD CANAL

Baan lad

grai Chitala ornata

Dang Micronema bleekeri

Yang-na Dipterocarpus alatus

water retention and fish habitat in flood season (normal year)

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

Local road + 24.00 m.

BANG WHA CANAL

In sub-polder, there is a floodable area that allow water and native fish to flood into rice fields .This is imitation of the natural process in floodplain which people can benefit from native fish and water in dry season

When water start to overflow from canal, the water will run into sub canal - polder canal - polder area for irrigated into orther area

1

Klong-yang school

POLDER CANAL + 24.00 M

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

ta-pian-kow Barbodes gonionotus

sang-ga-vaad-lhung Pangaslus macronema

Khoi Streblus asper

polder dike

polder dike

polder area

riparian area

polder area

water retention and local fish in flood season (storm year)

floating rice and fish area had expanded

Tha-manow canal Baan tha ma plub

POLDER CANAL + 24.00 M

Bang-hwa canal

riparian area

Native fish migrate into Rice field in flood season by polder canal

Ta-kian Hopea odorata

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

Baan tha ma plub

POLDER CANAL + 24.00 M

polder area

3

SECTION POLDER AREA

Huay chan canal baan bang i voon

polder dike

polder area

Reorganized rice field for irrigated water, using fish and farming system functioned as sub polder, using orchard for food source in dry season and reorganizing residencial area

fishes outs into river

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

20 - 21 m

hwa canal

Riparian area Canal , lake Polder canal Road polder dike

Wat Klong-yang tha manow canal

community name

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

Riparian area Canal , lake Polder canal Road

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

WHA CANAL

community name

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

Riparian area Canal , lake Polder canal Road

baan san nern

tha manow canal POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

21 - 22 m

Baan nern sadow

baan klong yang

baan san nern

22 - 23 m

propose irrigation canal map Take the water in flood season by created canal system irrigated to polder area for mitigated flood in some area and digest water in dry area for agriculture

Relocated road dike from canal created riparian area Create polder system and dredge canal link water for fish habitat and water capacity for flood season from canal to irrigated canal.

community name

The Process of making a Polder in chumsang

Blue infrastructure plan water flow direction Green Infrastructure plan

MASTERPLAN POLDER AREA

Baan nern sadow

Polder canal (คลองขุด)

BAAN BANG KIEN

Existing condition in Bangkien, Choomsang. Human faced Relocated road dike from canal, created riparian area problems from severe flood and drought in this area. for fish habitat and water bearing area for flood season

1st floodarea 3 month

Native fish Starts to Spawning

4th area 1 month

Krieng-Krai canal KRIENG KRAI CANAL

Nan River

JAN

2nd area 2.5 month

BAAN BANG KIEN TING CANAL POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

Mapping landscape

drought map analysi by NDWI

Yom River

Nowaday , the effected of human activities in floodplain cause flood in wet season becomes disaster and drought in dry season . consequently, hardship living of human in this floodplain is still continue.

Nan River

3rd area 2 month

Local Road+ 24.00 m KRIENG KRAI CANAL

BAAN BANG KIEN

detail masterplan for 1 polder area

RIVER

FLOODPLAIN

OXBOW LAKE

Storm year

2490 B.E.

Human migrated from the lower chao praya river

by Floating house to this area and settlement along the riverside and canal.

RIVER

FLOODPLAIN

( BACKSWAMP )

LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS

Timeline of human interaction on floodplain at Bang kiean

Tha manow Canal Huay chan Canal

25 - 26 m

BAAN BANG KIEN TING CANAL POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

Boraphed Lake

Chao praya River แม่น้ำ�เจ้�พระย�

Kob la korn

Kob la korn

Local Road+ 24.00 m

KRIENG KRAI CANAL

TING CANAL

BAAN BANG KIEN

duk oui Clarias macrocephalus

1st floodarea 3 month

polder area

riparian area

Baan lad

POLDER CANAL + 25.00 M

Kob la korn

2560 B.E.

side Canal from yom river Tha manow Canal Huay chan Canal

Boraphed Lake

Topology & Hydrology political boundary

residencial area

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

Chao praya River

road community

orchards

rice field

Tha manow Canal

Baan Lad Canal

LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS

wetland

BAAN LAD CANAL

BANG WHA CANAL

Baan lad

POLDER CANAL + 25.00 M

Ping River

rice field

Local road + 24.00 m.

Local road + 24.00 m.

BANG WHA CANAL

POLDER CANAL + 25.00 M

Baan Beung Canal

Huay rua Canal

orchard

Baan tha ma plub Baan tha ma plub

POLDER CANAL + 24.00 M

Pichit River

Huay chan Canal

Klong-yang school

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

21 - 22 m

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

The site is a seasonly indundate lowland tropical floodplain, frequently flooded under the influence of Yom and Nan rivers, and as a consequence of local monocrop agriculture.

Tha kamin Canal

Ma kok noi Canal

Huay chan canal baan bang i voon

Huay chan canal baan bang i voon

Tha-manow canal

Yom River

Nhong suer Canal

Wat Klong-yang tha manow canal

tha manow canal

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

Nhong suer Canal

Yom River

SECTION POLDER AREA

baan klong yang

baan san nern

22 - 23 m

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

baan san nern

baan klong yang

23 - 24 m

Huay chan canal baan bang i voon

MASTERPLAN IN REGINAL SCALE

Baan nern sadow

Baan nern sadow

24 - 25 m

baan san nern

Timeline of Human interaction on Floodplain

FLOODPLAIN ECOSYSTEM IN CHOOMSANG

polder map and water infrastructure

25 - 26 m

baan klong yang

Kob la korn

Local Road+ 24.00 m

KRIENG KRAI CANAL

BAAN BANG KIEN

TING CANAL

KRIENG KRAI CANAL

2

TING CANAL

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

Yang-na Dipterocarpus alatus

2

5

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

BAAN BANG KIEN

BAAN BANG KIEN

community name

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

Krieng-Krai canal

community name

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

Riparian area Canal , lake Polder canal Road

Riparian area Canal , lake Polder canal Road

3

Polder canal (คลองขุด)

Ditch

Ta-kian Hopea odorata

Bang-hwa canal

4

Xanthophyllum lanceatum

RIparian area for fish habitat

5

Sa-dow Azadirachta indica

Baan nern sadow

krieng krai canal 14

Dike

Choom-sang

hwa canal

MASTERPLAN IN REGINAL SCALE

The goal of this project is inspired by the mentioned conceptual framework, which leads to water management and ecosystem restoration.

Adapting the idea of Polder system and Ka-nhud suan (Thai ditch and dike), ridges in agricultural fields and residential areas are reorganized following the topography and ecological analysis to control water’s volume

Sa-nho Sesbania Javanica

2

Polder calnal

Deep water rice / aquatic plant + local fish Floating rice + aquatic plants + fish

off season rice and with rice and fish aquaculture system

seasonal crop

orchards

19

21

canal

1

17 22

Transport channal

13

16

11

Traditional Homegarden

Orchard

15

3

4

Cha-plu Piper sarmentosum

Prig-kee-nhu Capsicum annuum

5

6

10

polder dike

polder area

polder dike

polder area

riparian area

polder area

polder area

riparian area

polder dike

Yang-na Dipterocarpus alatus

Native fish migrate into Rice field in flood season by polder canal

Riparian area

9 23

house

6

20

Orchard 1

8

2

9

Ho-ra-pa Ocimum basilicum

10

An-chaan Clitoria ternatea

11

Ta-kian Hopea odorata

baan klong yang

baan san nern

Khoi Streblus asper

tha manow canal

Huay chan canal baan bang i voon

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

slope area Tree

Phi-Roug Thyrsostachys siamensis

Sa-nho Sesbania Javanica

Choom-sang Xanthophyllum lanceatum

Pug-Bung Impomoea aquatica

Multi-family house Multi-family house

Polder canal (dredged canal) for transportaion , fish habitat and irrigation in dryseason Polder canal (dredged canal) for transportaion ,

fish habitat and irrigation in flood season

Yha-Prag-Nam Psuedoroshis spinescens

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

Rice - Fish aquaculture in off rice season field with biological engineering on dyke protection

in-polder canal for transportation and irrigation

Ma-Moung Mangifera indica

19

20

21

Sa-dow Azadirachta indica

Ma-Kham Tamarindus Indica

Taan Borassus flabellifer

23

Chom-poo-Ma-mhaew Syzygium malaccense

13

Toey-hom Pandanus

Plu Tour-phuk-yow Psophocarpus tetragonolobus Vigna unguiculata

14

15

16

Tam-Lueng Coccinia grandis

17

single-family house

single-family house

Traditional home garden with living fence for community

Yor Morinda citrifolia

Sa-nho Sesbania Javanica

Ka-nhun Kae Artocarpus heterophyllus Sesbania grandiflora

Cha-om Senegalia pennata

Ma-Fueng Averrhoa carambola

Ma-Krood Citrus hystrix

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

Baan tha ma plub

POLDER CANAL + 24.00 M

POLDER CANAL + 24.00 M POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

MASTERPLAN POLDER AREA Local road + 24.00 m.

BAAN LAD CANAL

BANG WHA CANAL

WHA CANAL

Baan lad

Blue infrastructure plan Green Infrastructure plan water flow direction

SECTION POLDER AREA

POLDER CANAL + 25.00 M

Kob la korn

Local Road+ 24.00 m BAAN BANG KIEN

KRIENG KRAI CANAL

TING CANAL POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

Floodable zone

BAAN BANG KIEN

Riparian area Canal , lake Polder canal Road

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

Agriculture zone

Residencial zone

community name

POLDER CANAL + 26.00 M

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

Rice Season Native fish Start to Spawning

OCT

Take water to floosplain

NOV

Native fish migrate into Rice field

DEC

Location

Fishing in ricefield

Seasonal Crop in Dry area

Seasonal crop

SECTION POLDER AREA

Floodable zone

Agriculture zone

Residencial zone

REORGANIZE HOUSING AREA

Multi-family house

Bangkiean, Choomsang, Nakonsawam, Thailand Awards

single-family house

Traditional home garden with living fence for community

Polder canal (dredged canal) for transportaion , fish habitat and irrigation in dryseason

Nov 2017

community market in polder (fish , rice , seasonal fruit)

14

2

1

17 13

16

11

Traditional Homegarden

Orchard

15

3

4

5

6

Cha-plu Piper sarmentosum

Prig-kee-nhu Capsicum annuum

Ho-ra-pa Ocimum basilicum

An-chaan Clitoria ternatea

dry season

9

house

6

20

slope area Tree 19

Multi-family house

20

Traditional home garden view with orchad garden for food in dry season

Orchard 1

Ma-Moung Mangifera indica

23

21

8

2

Chom-poo-Ma-mhaew Syzygium malaccense

13

9

Toey-hom Pandanus

10

Plu Tour-phuk-yow Psophocarpus tetragonolobus Vigna unguiculata

14

15

16

Polder canal (dredged canal) for transportaion , fish habitat and irrigation in flood season in-polder canal for transportation and irrigation September to November

10

23

December to May

fruit market

Aug 2017

11

Tam-Lueng Coccinia grandis

17

single-family house Sa-dow Azadirachta indica

Ma-Kham Tamarindus Indica

Taan Borassus flabellifer

Yor Morinda citrifolia

Sa-nho Sesbania Javanica

Bangkok, Thailand

2nd Prize: When Flood Equals Wealth at Bangkien, Choomsang, Nakonsawan, Thailand

19

21

22

The International Federation of Landscape Architects Asia Pacific Region (IFLA APR) 2017 International Student Competition

Ka-nhun Kae Artocarpus heterophyllus Sesbania grandiflora

Cha-om Senegalia pennata

Ma-Fueng Averrhoa carambola

Ma-Krood Citrus hystrix

port in polder

Green openspace

21

road

port

port in polder

Green openspace

road

port

Pakasem Tongchai

DESIGNING RESILIENCE 2017 OPEN COMPETITION AWARDS 10 Honorable mention (in no particular order): Life in floodplain and drought at Bangkiean, Choomsang, Nakonsawan, Thailand 22

Singapore

Location Chiangmai, Thailand Jan 2019

The International Geodesign Collaboration 2018-2019 Changing Geography by Design Participated in Chulalongkorn University team for geodesign project “The Alternative Future of Chiang Mai: Green - Blue Infrastructures and Resilient Rural Landscapes”

Bangkok, Thailand

LINK: https://b52a2f9e-824b-440e-8d87-00e7c850671a.filesusr.com/ugd/f24d78_22ac2c519aef4cd78f2bc309863fdaa4.pdf

5 X 5 KM

“ The International Geodesign Collaboration (IGC) is a collaboration by teams from among global universities to understand better how geodesign can address major global and local challenges in settings that are widely dispersed and that differ widely in geography, climate, society, and scale. How do we identify and share the lessons and practices developed by a globally dispersed array of experts so that the resulting knowledge can be leveraged to solve our most pressing societal needs. “

10 X 10 KM

by Thomas Fisher (Editor), Brian Orland (Editor), Carl Steinitz (Editor)

The Alternative Future of Chiang Mai: Green - Blue Infrastructures and Resilient Rural Landscapes

20 X 20 KM

Chiang Mai, the capital of an ancient Lanna Kingdom in Northern Thailand, represents human creative in urban planning. Seven hundred years ago, King Mengrai gave much forethought to city planning and founded the moated city on the foothill of Doi Suthep-Pui mountain. To the East of the city was a fertile valley of Ping and Kuang Rivers. The lower basin floodplain support the productive wet rice cultivation that sustainably supported this large city and the region and continues to do so at present time.

After the four decades of urbanization and development in the region, Chiang Mai remains a high amenity area of ecological and cultural importance with great scenic beauty and increasing tourist, leisure, retirement and second home demand. Comprehensive planning favors the system of the main urban center and the routes crossing the territory connecting to mountain’s leisure and recreation amenities, while the agricultural zone of the flood plain in between has been neglected.

Traditionally, rural landscape of Mae Kuang Valley used to be very intertwined with landscape and its functions and processes. Socio-ecological ecosystems are increasingly vulnerable to modern development, with impacts including disruption of food production and water supply, altered resilience of ecosystems and consequences for human well-being. Since human activities have impacted on nature, a better synergy should be established between the two to ensure sustainability.

23

24

SCENARIO A: THE EARLY ADOPTER The early adopter can utilize the improved green - blue infrastructures to response to emerging and expanding new markets such as organic farming and cultural tourism while maintaining unique local cultural characters. Also the improved green - blue infrastructures will enhance the resilience of the communities ecologically, socio-economically and culturally to absorb, adapt or transform in response to different kinds of changes, perturbations or disturbances.

Most of the transformations - a result from adapting the strategies would occur internally. There are insignificant changes in terms of land areas such as the increasing of orchard and vegetable farms would be the result of rice paddies conversion to diversify agricultural productivity. Also the increasing of built up areas is small because most of the changes would be increasing density in a low density residential areas.

Forest 33 %

Rice Paddy 39% + Vegetable 10%

Forest 33 % + Orchard 10%

Rural 6%

Rice Paddy 61%

Existing Situation 2020

Rural 8%

Forest 33 % + Orchard 15 %

Rice Paddy 32% + Vegetable 10%

*

Major change is changing in pattern and density of irrigation canals.

Rural 10%

Early Adopter 2050

Early Adopter 2035

Assumptions and Innovations

SCENARIO B: THE LATE ADOPTER

Assumptions:

Since the rural villages of Chiang Mai already have their own existing infrastructures and the way of living, the main strategy seeks to build upon these infrastructures to enhance functionality. Strategies will look to reorganize, reactivate, repurpose, restore and strengthen existing landscapes into a multi-functional and resilient landscape. Revaluation of the community’s hydro-agricultural pattern in order to provide space, environmental moderation, water-quality maintenance and new perspectives is critical.

The green - blue infrastructure is a multi-scaled solution to challenges of the future. Green - Blue infrastructures are important mediums that facilitate processes that shape the built environment and socio-economic and cultural landscapes. Movement and flows are at the core of these landscape infrastructures.

Innovations: Green - Blue Infrastructure “Greener, healthier, attractive towns and villages sustainably connected to the rich tapestry of distinctive landscapes, wildlife habitats and waterways – valued, enjoyed and cared for by local people.” (Maidstone Borough Council , 2016)

The late adopter will take advantage of learning from the dynamics of changes and the impacts then adjust the strategies accordingly. But improving green - blue infrastructures remains the core strategy to build absorptive capacity, adaptive capacity and transformative capacity. Changes in terms of land areas remain insignificant. Most of the changes would be in the form of capacity, diversification, efficiency, resiliency and sustainability.

Rural Resilience “Rural resilience may be defined as the capacity of a rural region to adapt to changing external circumstances in such a way that a satisfactory standard of living is maintained. This also includes the capacity to recover from management or government mistakes.” (Heijman, Hagelaar, & Heide, 2007)

Forest 33 %

Late Adopter 2035 Landuse

Muang Fai System as Infrastructure

Early adopter 2050

Sub irrigation canal 2

1 5

3 4

Rong Muang (canal)

33%

Forest

10% Orchad

Rural

Rural Forest

Orchad

15%

5% 10%

Early Orchad adopter Rural2050 Agriculture

Forest

Rice Paddy

10%

Orchard

Although the non-adopter will not rely upon the same strategies to look for the future, but improving green - blue infrastructures is a necessity. With strong traditional knowledge and social capital will take the communities to a certain level with limitations. Enhancing indigenous knowledge and traditional system potential and mitigating their limitations with practical technology is a key. Changes in terms of land areas remain insignificant.

33%

10%

Vegetable

SCENARIO C: THE NON-ADOPTER

47%

15%

Agriculture

Rural 10%

5%

5%

10%

Rice Paddy 47% + Vegetable 5%

Non adopter 2050

47%

10%

Forest 33 % + Orchard 5 %

Late Adopter 2050

33%

33%

32%

Rural 8%

5%

10%

32%

Forest

Vegetable Forest Orchad

Rural

Rural

Agriculture

Vegetable

Vegetable 33%

Irrigation Canal Length Agriculture

Indigenous knowledge create sufficiency at the community or organization level based on cooperative activities with their neighbors within community on the ground of a concept of sharing excess resources of each household. As a result of combining with appropriate technology, sustainability in terms of food safety and security for households and maintaining resources and environmental quality can be achieved.

Moreover, resilience and adaptability at individual and community level will create an invaluable capacity to prepare and mitigate environmental disasters.

32%

Vegetable

166.37 km 1.Mae Kuang River 2.Muang Mae Lai 3.Muang Pa Dak

Late adopter 2050

Early adopter 2050

Village settlement in 1954

Rice Paddy 54% + Vegetable 5%

10%

Forest

Orchad

15%

133.20 km Rural

Agriculture

Vegetable

120.47 km

Irrigation Canal Density 4.Muang Nam Prae 5.Muang Kon 25

322.75 m/ha

266.41 m/ha

Early adopter

Late adopter

240.94 m/ha Non-adopter

Forest 33 % + Orchard 5 %

Non Adopter 2050

Rice Paddy 47% + Vegetable 5%

Rural 10%

26

Team member

Collaborator Brian McGrath Coordinator Danai Thaitakoo

Chanikran Tangchitrthiangtrong Elsa Sim Rui Jia Janejira Limawiratchaphong Kasempan Kaewthumrong Kiatkamol Nilaponkun Napatsorn Silsmit Nithirath Chaemchuen

Pakkasem Tongchai

GIS, Image, Land Classification, analysis and assesment Layout poster

Pantitra Potibut Peerapan Teerabussayawes Pratabjai Ruenroeng Rudee Mettakarnpanich Suphansa Wunsiw

27

28

Location Chiangmai, Thailand Jan 2020

The International Geodesign Collaboration 2019 - 2020 Changing Geography by Design Participated in Chulalongkorn University team for geodesign project “The Alternative Future of Chiang Mai: Green - Blue Infrastructuresand Resilient Peri-Urban Landscapes�

Bangkok, Thailand

20 X 20 KM

IGC 2019

The Alternative Future of Chiang Mai: Green - Blue Infrastructures and Resilient Peri-Urban Landscapes

IGC 2020

After four decades of urbanization in the region of Chiang Mai, the largest city in Northern Thailand, unplanned developments superimposed on the matrix of the fertile valley of Mae Kuang river. Peri-urban landscapes, the intermix of modern housing developments, traditional rural villages, rice paddies, farmlands and the indigenous green - blue infrastructure networks, has been created.

Rural landscape of Mae Kuang Valley used to be very intertwined with landscape and its functions and processes. Socio-ecological ecosystems are increasingly vulnerable to modern development, with impacts including disruption of food production and water supply, altered resilience of ecosystems and consequences for human well-being. As a result, the traditional livelihoods have been changed and degraded.

To ensure sustainability, the synergy between the landscape of new development and traditional rural landscape should be established. The adapted, improved and enhanced existing indigenous green - blue infrastructures can lead the way to lay the foundation for sustainability of peri-urban landscapes. In addition, the enhanced green - blue infrastructure can enable peri-urban landscapes to maintain ecosystem services of the rural landscape that support the city region of Chiang Mai.

29

30

10

50 21

6 3 37

6

30

26

3

6 3

Early Adopter 2035

Disaster Prevension and Recovery

Poverty Reduction Climate Change Adaptation

Natural Infrastructure

Early Adopter 2050

Flood Buffers Waste Treatment

Sustained Livelihoods

Unhealthy Peri-Urban Ecosystem Model Urban Growth

Disconnection of Traditional Water Infrastructure

Expansion of City Build-up

Increasing of Gray Infrastructure

Farmers Selling Thier Agricultural Land Declining of Peri-Urban Resilience

Non and Late Adopter 2035

(adapted from Gupta et al., 2017)

Agriculture

Instisutional - Education Healthcare

Road Infrastructure

Industrial - Light and Commence

Tourism, Cultural

6 3

47

6 3

41

Late Adopter 2050

Non-Adopter 2050

18

3

19

3

11 11

Conservation Landscape

River, Water

Rural

Agriculture

Residential - Low Density

Instisutional - Education Healthcare

Road Infrastructure

Industrial - Light and Commence

Tourism, Cultural

10

46

6 3

32

20

3

11

Conservation Landscape

River, Water

Rural

Agriculture

Residential - Low Density

Instisutional - Education Healthcare

Road Infrastructure

Industrial - Light and Commence

Tourism, Cultural

Non-Adopter Scenario

31

11

The late adopter will take advantage of learning from the dynamics of changes and the impacts then adjust the strategies accordingly. However, improving green - blue infrastructures remains the core strategy to build absorptive capacity, adaptive capacity and transformative capacity. Changes in terms of land areas remain insignificant. Most of the changes would be in the form of capacity, diversification, efficiency, resiliency and sustainability. The restored and enhanced green - blue infrastructures to response to emerging and expanding new markets such as organic farming and cultural tourism while maintaining unique local cultural characters. Resilience and adaptability at individual and community level will create an invaluable capacity to prepare and mitigate environmental disasters.

Increase Demand for Peri-Urban Land

Transition from Agricultural Economy to Non-Agricultural Economy

3

Rural

Late Adopter Scenario

Climate and Air Quality Regulation

Peri-Urban Land Prize Rising Reducing Ecological Productivity

3 11

19

Residential - Low Density

16

Food Production

Peri-Urban Resilience

17

River, Water

10

Water Provision

Biodiversity

11

The peri-urban landscape of Chiang Mai has been built upon existing blue - green infrastructures and the traditional way of live, the main strategy seeks to enhance functionality by reorganizing, reactivating, repurposing, restoring and strengthening existing landscapes and existing blue - green infrastructures into a multi-functional and resilient peri-urban landscape. Revaluation of the community’s hydro-agricultural pattern in order to provide space, environmental moderation, water-quality maintenance and new perspectives is critical. The improved green - blue infrastructures will magnify the resilience of the communities ecologically, socio-economically and culturally to absorb, adapt or transform in response to different kinds of changes, perturbations or disturbances. Most of the transformations - a result from adapting the strategies would occur internally.

Healthy Peri-Urban Ecosystem Model Peri-Urban Area

3

Conservation Landscape

Early Adopter Scenario

Existing 2020

16

The non-adopter will not rely upon the same strategies to look for the future, but improving green - blue infrastructures is a necessity. Strong traditional knowledge and social capital will take the communities to a certain level with limitations.

Enhancing indigenous knowledge and traditional system potential and mitigating their limitations with practical technology is a key.Changes in terms of land areas remain insignificant.

Indigenous knowledge creates sufficiency at the community or organization level based on cooperative activities with their neighbors within community on the ground of a concept of sharing excess resources of each household. As a result of combining with appropriate technology, sustainability in terms of food safety and security for households and maintaining resources and environmental quality can be achieved.

Team member:

Poohlawat Sangduean Suwaporn Leangpasuk Sirintra Sumonvarangkul Sirada Aussavavirojekul

Danai Thaitakoo Advisor Kornkanokrit Chauprampare Mingkwan Nantavisai Nithirath Chaemchuen Graphic and image Panitnun Ngamlikitlert

Pakkasem Tongchai

Putana Chanchai

33

Yanisa Piyakamolnirun

GIS, Image, Land Classification, analysis and assesment Layout poster

34

Collaborator Brian McGrath

Location

Melbourne from Past to Last

Chiangmai, Thailand

Existing Condition

Reginal Landscape Analysis: Natural Landscape Structure

Vegetation and Soil lost

Digital Elevation Map -11 - 50 MSL

The Future Park Design Ideas Competition Exhibited as 31 shortlisted team 4 Oct - 1 Nov 2019 at University of Melbourne

Nov 2019

Soil map Vegetation species

Melborne, Australia

Fragmented Open Space Land subject to innundation Vpn open space

50 -11

Urban Renewal Area Land subject to innundation Central Business District Major Urban Renewal Precinct

TopoGraphy and Land subject to innundation map

Key Project Industrial Area Land subject to innundation Industrial Area 50 Land subject to innundation

-11 source : City of Melbourne Spatial GIS

Landscape Tranformation

Participated in GEDES team - Nithirath Chaemchuen - Sarun Maiprasert - Patarita Tassanarapan - Thanatcha Tangsuksawangporn - Pakkasem Tongchai - Sorat Sitthidumrong

Analysis, Masterplan Masterplan, Desiign Showcase 2 Masterplan Desiign Showcase 1 Analysis, Masterplan, GIS Design Showcase 3 Urban sprawl

The Future Park Design Ideas Competition

Melbourne from Past to Last

1883

1927

1954

1971

2001

Park system

Melbourne Park Master Plan

2015

source : City of Melbourne Spatial GIS

3 3

The proposal emerges from the question of what roles parks would play for Melbourne’s future. With an understanding between nature and human sphere, this study aims at reclaiming pristine natural landscape areas where they used to function confluently with the settlement pattern. Embracing historic natural structures with sensitive design contributes to a new equilibrium which the indigenous ecosystem and blue-green infrastructures are restored along with recreational purpose. This integrated approach will tackle with a broad portfolio of urban risks and act as a value adder and bring economic opportunity for local communities.

The research shows that the critical climatic-risk areas are apparently at the shiftedlandscapes where endemic wetlands once positioned. An increased impermeable urban surface induces natural disaster events such as floods. In lieu of finding a new open space, this project proposes to examine potential areas from the antecedent natures and restore them as the city’s green infrastructure. Several concepts of Water Sensitive Urban design were implemented in this project including retentions and detentions, cleansing biotopes, wetlands, green roof and wall, as well as pocket rain gardens.

1 2

Natural structure River

1

Riparian Former wetland

Green infrastructure Parks Green&Blue linkage

2

Parks River& Wetland Green link Openspace

Showcase 1: Yarra old course reclaimation park, Melbourne port

Showcase 2: Wetland restoration park, Fisherman Bend

Showcase 3: Park corridor, Alexandra parade

Water resilience comunity

Activity area Yarra old course

Recreation area

Existing railway Bike lane

Wetland

Bike lane

Green community

Cleansing biotope Wetland Swamp

Ecological reserved island

Existing park

Swamp

Green buffer Elevated linkage

water resilience comunity Riparian area Under highway corridor

35

Green buffer corridor

36

Bike lane

Existing park Blue Green network

This project exemplifies three concepts of urban park development to catalyze the needs of people to live sustainably: 1) Embracing history to take back the spatial context of the parks, including restoration of the meadows, wetlands, and Yarra old courses; 2) Implementing phytoremediation as well as providing recreational programs in industrial development areas such as Fisherman Bend; 3) Strengthening robust park system includes existing city green spaces, roadways, watercourses and extending access through immersive biophilic experiences.

In conclusion, the new Melbourne park system compiles a series of ‘landscape infrastructure’ linked with the strengthened ‘park network’ including green streets and the river corridors. Besides generating a sustainable urban landscape, they are proposed to use the native edible plants to create food resource and encourage community mobility. In the long run, these parks will merge contextualized ecosystems with neighbourhoods and perform as a blue-green infrastructure using public open space in shaping future development.

Participated in GEDES team

37

- Nithirath Chaemchuen - Sarun Maiprasert - Patarita Tassanarapan - Thanatcha Tangsuksawangporn - Pakkasem Tongchai - Sorat Sitthidumrong

Analysis, Masterplan Masterplan, Desiign Showcase 2 Masterplan Desiign Showcase 1 Analysis, Masterplan, GIS Design Showcase 3 38

Location Chiangmai, Thailand Nov 2019

Chulalongkorn University

Thailand

Master of Landscape Architecture Program Thesis: Flood Pulsing Landscape and Ecosystem Services of Yom River Watershed: A Case Study Kong Sub-District Kong Krailas District Sukhothai Province (in process) Advisor: Danai Thaitakoo Will be completed at Sep 2020

Flood Pulsing Landscape and Ecosystem Services of Yom River Watershed

changing in water level in defference time at Ban Kong Village, Upper Central plain Thailand

A Case Study Kong Sub-District Kong Krailas District Sukhothai Province (in process)

Flood pulse, as natural process drives seasonally and significant characteristic of river and floodplain. Literally in Kong Village, people’s activities have been adapted with the dynamic of water and become a vital part of the socio-economic system since the past. However, the external implementations in Thailand have extremely impacted their livelihoods by regulating, diverting, and interrupting the Yom’s river system. These developed by a lacking of environmental concerns about the dynamic and condition of landscape.

The objective of this research is to understand the role of the flood pulse in relation to the livelihood of people in Kong village. The research consists of two main parts. The first part is the use of geographic information system (GIS) as a tool for identifying the overall structure of the landscape and the dynamics within it. The second part is an interpretive analysis of the relation between the flood pulse in the landscape and the livelihood of the people within the area of study.

The result of the research shows the significance of flood pulse in bringing food and income to Kong villagers. Thus, it is concluded that the pulse is of great importance to their livelihood. Change in the natural hydrologic cycle by human modification can lead to the loss of these benefits. The consequence of the loss can be an adaptation of the people to a new livelihood in which these benefits are not assumed.

Study area: Yom river watershed (left), Landscape scale and community scale (right) 39

40

Research Framework

Landscape Structure Methodology

Research Quesion - What is the landscape?

-Structure -Dynamic -Function

Floodplain Identification (Structure)

- What is the relationship between River-Floodplain and Ecosystems services

Flood dynamic analysis (Dynamic)

(Forman and Godron, 1986)

Analysis

Result

Topography map

Digitization

Floodplain area

Geomorphology

Overlay Analysis Floodplain Dynamic

Hydrology

- How do identify flood pulse boundary ?

Ecosystem Services from river and floodplain (Function)

- How to describe the dynamic of floodplain ?

Landscape change from human activity

- What is Ecosystem service of Flood Pulse ?

(Change)

Normalize difference vegetaion analysis

Ecosystem Services Survey Human activity in landscape

relationship between human and landscape

Location of the Upper Central Plain and physiographic regions in Thailand.

(Sinsakul, 2000)

Regional divisions of the Chao Phraya basin (Takaya,1987)

Geomorphic Feature of Thailand (Dheeradilok,1995)

Landscape Structure

In Chaopraya basin is consist of three-part Upper reach, Middle reach and Lower reach and (Takaya, 1971) the identification of the structure of the Yom river uses GIS system to describe the result by use map data from Dheeradilok (1995) that develop from Takaya’s map. The use of the map is to register map on Arcmap and digitized and overlay with digital elevation map (DEM) The Result is the study area and Kong village located at Recent Alluvial (Floodplain) area

Digital Elevation map overlay with grpmorphicfeature map to identify the structure of this area

41

42

Landscape and flood pulse dynamic

Change of landcover in 2010

The result of dynamic of the landscape with the use of LANDSAT data and discharge in the year 1994, 2010, 2017 to describe landcover change and water area in floodplain the inundated area expands when the discharge of yom river is increasing present the relationship between river and floodplain LANDSAT data classify by NDVI indices from Bisrat and Kidanewold (2018) method

Landcover type Water Bodies

Swampy Area/ Wetlands

Bare Soil

Dense Green Leafy Vegetation

Cloud/ No Data

Light Green Leafy Vegetation

Medium Green Leafy Vegetation

Change of landcover in 1994

43

Change of landcover in 2017

44

Ecosystem Services and change

the result of landscape function and ecosystem services is from the survey and water data of yom river. the result shows that people in the Kong village had activities that link with the dynamic of water such as Fishing, Planting rice in the past however, The external development that changes the Yom’s river system had an impact on the livelihood of kong village. By promoted the new High Yield Varieties rice that can plant all year and demand a lot of water and build structure to control water in the river. The affected have led to the loss of ecosystem services especially native fish that depend on natural flow.

Summary of the major activities on a floodplin throughout the year. (Welcomme, 1979)

The graphic adapted from welcomme (1979) and Catling (1999) shows the change of water dynamic through activities in the floodplain

Summary of the major activities on a floodplin in 2017

The plant stage of deepwater rice (Catling,1999)

Summary of the major activities on a floodplin in 1979

45

Summary of the major activities on a floodplin in 2015

46

Landcover in 1959

Landcover in 2011

1%

34%

Landcover in 1959 digitized from Army Map Service (เหล่าทหารช่างกองทัพบกอเมริกัน) aerial photo and summary of landcover area

Rice Field

2%

Landcover in 2011 digitized from Thai Army Map Service (กรมแผนที่ทหาร) aerial photo and summary of landcover area

1%

Grassland Village

Rice Field

Floodplains were covered by brushwood swamp and grassland adjacent with Yom river

Scrub

48%

10%

Swamp Brushwood Water body

Scrub Water Body Orchard

11%

Floodplains changed from forest to rice field and road network disconnected river and floodplain

87%

2% 2% 2%

Water use for off-season rice agriculture

Fishing Area

47

Tree

House

high yielding variety rice

Floating House

Deep water rice/ Floating rice

School

Brushwood

48

Stilt House

Temple Low Base Flow

Base Flow High Flow

Bibilography Bisrat, E. and Kidanewold, B. (2018). Identification of Surface Water Storing Sites Using Topo

graphic Wetness Index (TWI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Article

history. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT, 8, 91-100.

Catling, D. (1999). Rice in Deep Water. UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

Dheeradilok, P. (1995). Quaternary coastal morphology and deposition in Thailand. Quaternary

International, 26, 49-54.

NASA JPL. (2013). NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Global 1 arc second number [Data

set]. Retrieved from: doi: 10.5067/MEaSUREs/SRTM/SRTMGL1N.003 Sinsakul, S. (2000). Late Quaternary geology of the Lower Central Plain, Thailand. Journal of

Asian Earth Sciences, 18(4), 415-426.

Takaya, Y. (1987). Agricultural Development of A Tropical Delta : A Study of the Chao Phraya Delta

(P. Hawkes, Trans.). Kyoto, Japan: The Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto Universi ty.

United States Geological Survey. (2017). Landsat Level-1 Data Products [Landsat Data]. Retrieved

from: https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/ Welcomme, R. L. (1979). Fisheries ecology of floodplain rivers. London; New York: Longman.

เหล่าทหารช่างกองทัพบกอเมริกัน (Cartographer). (2502). แผนที่มาตราส่วน 1 : 50,000 ชุด L708 กรมแผนที่ทหาร (Cartographer). (2554). แผนที่มาตราส่วน 1 : 50,000 ชุด L7018

49

50