2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy

MARCH 2015

LOS ANGELES REGION Fast Facts L.A. REGION CREATIVE INDUSTRY OUTPUT NEARLY

$140 Billion

(direct, indirect, induced)

695, 100 Jobs (direct, indirect, induced) IN THE L.A. REGION (L.A. AND ORANGE COUNTIES)

1 in 7Jobs

IN L.A. COUNTY

Prepared for Otis College of Art and Design by the Los Angeles County Economic Development Corporation.

40%

OF THE STATE’S CREATIVE ECONOMY WORKERS IN THE L.A. REGION

LARGEST CREATIVE INDUSTRIES IN L.A. REGION:

Entertainment Fashion Publishing

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2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region

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2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region

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PREPARED AND RESEARCHED BY:

PROJECT MANAGED BY:

The LAEDC Kyser Center for Economic Research Robert A. Kleinhenz, Ph.D. Chief Economist

Otis College of Art and Design Arleen Chikami Assistant Director of Strategic Partnerships

Kimberly Ritter-Martinez Economist

Claudia Beinkinstadt Krumlauf Development & Special Events Manager  Rachel Moreau Coordinator, Strategic Partnerships

George Entis Research Analyst The LAEDC Institute for Applied Economics Christine Cooper, Ph.D. Vice President

Anne Swett-Predock Creative Direction Jody Work ’13 MFA Design and Production

Download the full report, view highlights from the creative economy launch event, and learn more about other resources at www.otis.edu/econreport

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REPORT CONTENTS I

Introduction Key Findings

6 10

II

2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region

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III

How to Use this Report Statistical Appendix Index of Tables Sources

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KERRY WALK, Ph.D. INTERIM PRESIDENT OTIS COLLEGE OF ART AND DESIGN

What is the economic impact of creativity?

In 2007, President Samuel Hoi of Otis College of Art and Design set out to answer this question by commissioning the Los Angeles County Economic Development Corporation (LAEDC) to measure, benchmark, and assess trends in the creative economy of the Los Angeles region, which comprises L.A. and Orange Counties.

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OTIS INTRODUCTION

The result—the annual Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region—has become a leading advocacy tool for the arts, design, and entertainment in the region, inspired a convergence of cross-sector leaders committed to working together to bolster the creative economy, and stimulated similar efforts in cities and regions across the country.

Beginning last year, with the generous support of the California Arts Council, the economic analysis included in the Otis Report was extended to the entire state of California. This year’s statewide report will be released on April 15 at a public hearing in Sacramento before the Joint Committee for the Arts. Further details on the release of the statewide report can be found at the California Arts Council’s website, at www.arts.ca.gov.

The 2014 Otis Report, based on data from 2013, provides powerful and persuasive evidence of the enormous positive fiscal impact of the creative industries both regionally and statewide. Here are a few highlights of the 2014 Otis Report related specifically to the Los Angeles region:

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Creative industry output totaled $139.8 billion (direct, indirect, and induced).

The creative industry generated 695,100 jobs (direct, indirect, and induced).

Workers’ earned income was $48.8 billion.

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Workers paid nearly $5.7 billion in taxes to California state and local governments.

Workers accounted for 40% of the state’s total creative workforce (direct, indirect, and induced).

In L.A. County, the creative industries accounted for 1 in 7 jobs; in Orange County, 1 in 18.

The largest creative industries in the region were entertainment, fashion, and publishing.

OTIS INTRODUCTION

New to this year’s report is the Location Quotient, a measure that seeks to quantify the concentration of a particular industry, industry cluster, occupation, or demographic group in a region compared to the nation. The Location Quotient reveals what makes a region unique and gives an indication of where a region has a competitive advantage. Amazingly, in 2013 in Los Angeles County, the ten occupations with the highest Location Quotients were all creative occupations, with media and communication workers taking top honors and sound engineering technicians rounding out the list in 10th place.

If the original impulse of the Otis Report was to translate creativity into the hard-nosed language of dollars and cents, this year’s Otis Report has come full circle with an attempt to tell the rich stories behind the statistics. To do this, Otis has partnered with KCETLink and its award-winning Artbound series on a set of online articles and short video segments. The project culminates with “The State of Creativity: A Look into the Otis Report on the Creative Economy,” a one-hour television special that will premiere in Southern California on March 24th at 8:00 pm on KCET and nationally on March 30th at 8:00 pm on Link TV (DirecTV 375 and DISH Network 9410).

The television special and accompanying articles and video segments will live on Artbound’s website, at www.kcet.org/arts/artbound, with the goal of deepening engagement with the Otis Report and enhancing its ability to reach new audiences.

The Otis Report can leave no doubt that creativity is a powerful economic driver both regionally and statewide. KCETLink’s compelling portrayal of the faces and facets of the creative economy makes a persuasive case for the beneficial and essential role that creative enterprise plays in our lives: it is central to the health and well-being of our citizens and communities; it motivates innovation and ensures long-term regional competitiveness; and it creates jobs—numerous highly skilled jobs that require significant preparation to perform. Now more than ever, it is critical that leaders from the public, private, and nonprofit sectors work together to develop and sustain the talent pipeline that feeds the creative economy of our region. A necessary first step is investment in accessible, high-quality arts education, but championing policies and practices that encourage creative placemaking, entrepreneurship, and innovation are also required for growing the talent pipeline.

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The 2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy would not have been possible without the generous support of individuals and organizations that have joined together to affirm the value of the creative economy. On behalf of Otis College of Art and Design, I would like to express thanks to the Kyser Center for Economic Research at the Los Angeles County Economic Development Corporation for generating the Otis Report, and to KCETLink’s Artbound for bringing it to life through print pieces, video segments, and the television special “The State of Creativity: A Look into the Otis Report on the Creative Economy.”

OTIS INTRODUCTION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would also like to thank our lead sponsors, the California Arts Council and Mattel, whose support of the Otis Report has been vital and steadfast. Their commitment, and the generous contributions of the following supporters, have made the 2014 Otis Report and its release events in Los Angeles and Orange County possible: the Boeing Company, the City of Los Angeles’ Department of Cultural Affairs, City National Bank, Hybrid Apparel, the James Irvine Foundation, and Sony Pictures.

Media partners for the events include KCETLink, Artbound, Arts for LA, Arts Orange County, Association of California Cities - Orange County, Californians for the Arts, and LAX Coastal Chamber of Commerce.

I conclude with the hope that this year’s transmedia presentation of the Otis Report inspires creative stakeholders to continue to work together to heighten awareness of the social, cultural, and economic impact of the serious business of creativity in the Los Angeles region.

Kerry Walk, PhD Interim President Otis College of Art and Design

Otis prepares diverse students of art and design to enrich our world through their creativity, their skill, and their vision.

The College offers an interdisciplinary education for approximately 1,200 full-time students, awarding BFA degrees in Architecture/Landscape/Interiors, Communication Arts, Digital Media, Fashion Design, Fine Arts, Product Design, and Toy Design, and MFA degrees in Fine Arts, Graphic Design, Public Practice, and Writing. Through Continuing Education & Pre-College Programs, Otis offers a wide range of art and design courses and programs for all ages, including children and teens. For information, visit www.otis.edu.

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KEY FINDINGS L.A. O.C.

ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION LOS ANGELES REGION, 2013 (L.A. and Orange Counties)

TOTAL GROSS REGIONAL PRODUCT

$766 BILLION

A Net Economic Contribution of

$82.6 BILLION

TOTAL CREATIVE INDUSTRY OUTPUT

Creative Industries Contribute

$140 BILLION

10.6%

Direct, indirect, and induced impact Revenues + Spending + Economic Activity

Tax Revenues

$5.7 BILLION

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KEY FINDINGS

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EMPLOYMENT LOS ANGELES REGION, 2013 (L.A. and Orange Counties)

ALL WAGE AND SALARY EMPLOYMENT

Creative Industry Jobs Account for

695,100

5%

of all California’s Wage and Salary Employment

Direct, Indirect, and Induced Jobs

NUMBER OF CREATIVE INDUSTRY JOBS

695,100 Direct Jobs

Wage and Salary Workers

406,900 Creative Industry Jobs Account for

12.5%

of all workers in the L.A. region

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KEY FINDINGS

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JOBS LOS ANGELES COUNTY 2013 Total creative industries wage and salary employment

1 IN 7 JOBS (direct, indirect, and induced)

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POWERHOUSE THE L.A. REGION IS THE CREATIVE CAPITAL OF THE STATE AND THE NATION.

WORKERS IN CREATIVE OCCUPATIONS IN CALIFORNIA Workers in Creative Occupations Located in L.A. Region

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OVER 40%

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2014 OTIS REPORT ON THE CREATIVE ECONOMY OF THE LOS ANGELES REGION

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About the Kyser Center for Economic Research The Kyser Center for Economic Research was named in November 2007 in honor of the LAEDC’s first Chief Economist, Jack Kyser. The Kyser Center’s economic research encompasses the Southern California region, which includes: the counties of Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego and Ventura. The center also tracks developments and produces forecasts, studies, and reports on the California, national and international economies.

The economy of the greater Los Angeles region is driven by more than its famed entertainment industry. The region’s broad economic base also includes aerospace, automotive, biotechnology, fashion, manufacturing and international trade. The Kyser Center conducts research on the individual industries of the region to better understand ongoing changes in the economy.

The Kyser Center is highly regarded for its accurate and unbiased assessment of the economy. Kyser Center economists are also sought-after public speakers and frequent contributors to media coverage of the economy. At the heart of the Kyser Center is its mission to provide information, insights and perspectives to help business leaders, government officials and the general public understand and take advantage of emerging trends.

© 2014 Los Angeles County Economic Development Corporation The Kyser Center for Economic Research 444 S. Flower St., 37th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90071 Tel: 213-622-4300, 888-4-LAEDC-1 Fax: 213-622-7100 www.LAEDC.org research@laedc.org

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CONTENTS LOS ANGELES REGION The Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region National and Global Economic Context Economic Contribution of the Creative Industries Employment Trends Counting the Self-Employed Occupations in the Creative Economy Looking Ahead: The Creative Economy in 2018 Industry Snapshots Architecture and Interior Design Art Galleries Communication Arts Digital Media Entertainment Fashion Furniture and Decorative Arts Product and Industrial Design Publishing and Printing Toys Visual and Performing Arts Nonprofit Segment of the Creative Economy Arts Education: K-12 and Post-Secondary How to Use This Report Notes on Methodology and Data Statistical Appendix Index of Tables Sources

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THE CREATIVE ECONOMY OF THE LOS ANGELES REGION How is creativity defined? One definition is that “creativity is the ability to produce something that is novel or original, and useful or adaptive.” This sounds simple enough but how is that “something” achieved? The creative spark is often depicted as an “aha” or “eureka” experience, when the reality may have been that years of thought, hard work and experimentation were needed to arrive at that one moment.1 Researchers still cannot name the specific combination of biological and environmental factors that produce creative brains. Theories of the origin of human creativity are beyond the scope of this report, but if fostering creativity is to be considered as a means of economic development, then one must ask if creativity can be learned or taught, and if so, how it can then be nurtured.

1 Andreasen, Nancy.

“Secrets of the Creative Brain, The Atlantic; Web. June 25, 2014 2 Ibid

A second question is whether or not creativity in the arts can be equated with creativity in the sciences or in business, or should the latter two groups be considered separately? Is innovation in the sciences or business the same as artistic creativity or is it something altogether different? Research suggests that the process of creation (or innovation) in all three activities is largely the same: preparation, incubation, inspiration (the eureka moment) and production. The same, ongoing, iterative process is essential to many forms of creativity whether it be composing an orchestral work or revealing the structure of the universe. 2 Creativity is one of the Los Angeles region’s foremost economic assets and the creative economy is undeniably important to the region’s economic growth. In this report, the creative economy is defined as the businesses and individuals involved in producing cultural, artistic, and design goods and services. It consists of creative professions and enterprises that take powerful, original ideas and transform them into practical and often beautiful goods, or inspire us with their artistry.

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It also includes organizations that provide a venue for artists to share their work with the public such as museums, art galleries and theaters. Finally, it includes activities one does not instinctively associate with creativity such as apparel, toy and furniture manufacturing - all industries that depend on good design.

In a broader sense, the creative economy must include a support system that teaches, nurtures and sustains creative activity: arts programs in K-12 schools, post-secondary arts institutions to develop talent, and philanthropic foundations along with other nonprofit funding organizations to provide financial resources, incentives, and services to the creative arts.

In today’s economy, the market value of products and services is increasingly determined by a product’s uniqueness, performance and aesthetic appeal. More companies are seeking employees with creativity as well as problem solving and communications skills. Business location decisions are also influenced by factors such as the availability of a creative workforce and the quality of life available to employees. The talent that drives the creative economy provides a competitive advantage that reaches across almost every industry in the Los Angeles region.

Firms develop a competitive advantage when they implement strategies that other firms cannot duplicate. Regions acquire a competitive advantage when they attract creative employees because creative thinkers encourage innovation which fosters economic growth. Furthermore, the creative talent pool in a region is not as vulnerable to going “offshore”. Historically, the development of advanced technologies that increase productivity was seen as a pathway to better jobs, but that is no longer necessarily true. Many advanced technologies can be replicated across the world using cheaper labor. But original artistic creation, innovative design and other higherlevel creative work cannot be outsourced so easily. Creativity builds both brand awareness and attracts talented people to a dynamic environment. Moreover, cultural spaces can become hubs for civic engagement, often a powerful community revitalization asset, especially in economically distressed neighborhoods.

Although entertainment is the most visible creative industry in Los Angeles, one can find creative individuals working in nearly every industry in the region. Because creativity is a dynamic function of humanity, the creative economy is a vibrant and vital force in society. Intellectual and aesthetic sensibilities lead individuals to express themselves through the arts, solve problems through design, and seek out what is beautiful and original. The Los Angeles region is unique because of its combination of place, resources and open attitudes toward new ideas. This openness to new ideas and the ability to make associations and connections that other people do not see is one of the defining characteristics of creativity.

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Here, new ideas are constantly given form and brought to life by creative people.

Otis College of Art and Design, a critical component of the creative economy, commissioned the analysis in this report to put real numbers to the business of creativity. Otis and the LAEDC carried out this research because in the Los Angeles region, creativity is fundamental to economic growth and prosperity.

NATIONAL AND GLOBAL ECONOMIC CONTEXT While this report places the creative industries of the Greater Los Angeles region in the spotlight, the backdrop for these industries is the overall national and global economy.

This section briefly summarizes recent and anticipated economic conditions.

As 2014 drew to a close, growth of U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) was expected to match the previous year’s 2.2% rate. The U.S. economy should see continued forward progress in 2015 in both the public and private sectors. Even housing and construction, which came in below expectations in 2014, should move to higher levels in 2015.

GDP growth is expected to accelerate to 2.9% in 2015. The faster pace of economic growth will support continued job gains across most sectors of the economy, pushing the unemployment rate down to the natural rate of unemployment (i.e. full-employment) of roughly 5.5%. It should also be a year of stronger wage gains as the labor market tightens. Job gains and higher wages will support increases in consumer spending, which should reach near-trend growth of 2.7% in inflation-adjusted terms in 2015. Meanwhile, inflation itself, which has been tame over the past few years is likely to stay in check going forward.

Business investment spending has grown consistently over the past five years, driven largely by spending on equipment, structures and intellectual property.

Looking ahead to 2015, investment overall is expected to grow by 6.3% after a projected 5.8% gain in 2014.

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California matched or exceeded the nation in terms of economic growth over most of the recovery period, enabling it to add jobs at a faster pace and recover from a more severe hit during the recession. With improvements across much of the state, California will outpace the nation’s growth over the next five years, both in terms of real gross product, and wage and salary job growth. This will drive the state’s unemployment rate down to long-run normal levels. Personal income, which has improved during the last several years, will grow more quickly going forward.

While modest steady growth is expected for the nation and California over the next year, there are risks to the forecast, primarily from elsewhere in the world. The nation’s major trading partners across the Atlantic and the Pacific have struggled to ignite sustained growth within their economies. One could argue that policy missteps or omissions are to blame, but political developments in Ukraine, the Middle East, and elsewhere around the globe have increased both political and economic uncertainty, never friends of economic growth.

The global economy always faces risks associated with disruptions to the supply of energy, but these risks are low at this time. Energy price spikes pose less of a direct threat to the U.S. economy because of increases in domestic energy production. Even the indirect threat is reduced at this time because of the cooling effect on global energy prices of current economic weakness among U.S. trading partners.

ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF THE CREATIVE INDUSTRIES EMPLOYMENT

The creative economy’s 355,600 wage and salary workers were equivalent to nine percent of all 4.1 million wage and salary workers in Los Angeles County during 2013.

A total of 355,600 wage and salary workers in Los Angeles County were employed directly in the creative industries in 2013. By sector, the largest employment counts were in entertainment (132,700 jobs), fashion (89,900 jobs), and publishing and printing (30,700 jobs). Although the entertainment industry employed the greatest number of workers by far – about 37% of total employment, the creative economy of Los Angeles is diverse with jobs distributed among a variety of industry sectors.

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While 355,600 may sound like an impressive number of jobs, direct employment is only part of the story. Direct employees are those who actually work in the creative industries of the Los Angeles region. Indirect jobs are created when firms in these industries make purchases from their suppliers and vendors. Additional induced jobs are generated when the direct and indirect employees spend their wages on consumer goods and services. In that sense, every job in the creative sector supports or sustains other jobs in the region.

Direct, indirect, and induced employment in the creative industries of Los Angeles County totaled approximately 612,400 jobs in 2013. The ripple effect is substantial, giving rise to job gains and increases in incomes in a wide range of industries across the local economy.

In Los Angeles County, total creative industries employment (direct, indirect, and induced) accounted for 1 in seven wage and salary jobs in the county (or 15% of wage and salary employment) in 2013.

In Orange County, the creative industries employed 51,300 direct workers in 2013. In contrast to Los Angeles County, the largest employment sector was publishing and printing with 12,400 jobs, followed by fashion with 11,000 jobs. Direct, indirect and induced employment in the creative industries located in Orange County totaled an estimated 82,700 jobs.

TABLE 1: Employment Impact of the Creative Industries, 2013

DIRECT JOBS

TOTAL JOBS

IN LOS ANGELES COUNTY: 355,600

IN LOS ANGELES COUNTY: 612,400

IN ORANGE COUNTY: 51,300

IN ORANGE COUNTY: 82,700

LABOR INCOME Total direct labor income in the creative industries of Los Angeles County amounted to $30.4 billion in 2013. Creative industries labor income in Orange County totaled $3.1 billion. The distribution of labor income across the creative economy provides a sense of how individual creative industries compare in size and economic contribution.

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At $13.7 billion, the entertainment sector contributed the largest share (45.0%) to total creative industry payrolls in Los Angeles County. Visual and performing arts were a distant second at 17.7% ($5.4 billion), followed by fashion at 12.0% ($3.6 billion).

In Orange County, total payroll was distributed across a broader range of industries.

Publishing and printing generated the largest share — 21.5% ($669 million), while the next largest went to digital media with 20.8% ($647 million).

Labor income earned by individuals directly employed in the creative industries of the Los Angeles region in 2013 was approximately $33.5 billion, but the total combined effect of adding direct and induced workers brought that figure up to $48.8 billion.

See the Industry Snapshots section of this report for the direct, indirect and induced labor income effects of individual industry sectors.

DIRECT LABOR INCOME OF THE CREATIVE INDUSTRIES IN 2013

2.9% 2.6% 4.1%

1.8%

1.4%

0.4%

2.8% 8.8%

6.3%

OS ANGELES COUNTY

7%

30.4 Billion

45%

12%

21.5%

ORANGE COUNTY

9.8% 20.8%

12.8%

Entertainment Visual & Performing Arts Fashion Printing & Publishing Communication Arts Furniture & Decorative Arts Digital Media Architecture/Interior Design Toys Fine and Performing Arts Schools

$3.1 Billion

18.2%

17.7%

45% 17.7% 12% 7% 6.3% 4.1% 2.9% 2.6% 1.8% 0.4%

1.2%

1.9%

21.5% 20.8% 18.2% 12.8% 9.8% 8.8% 2.8% 1.9% 1.4% 1.2%

Printing & Publishing Digital Media Fashion Architecture/Interior Design Furniture & Decorative Arts Communication Arts Visual & Performing Arts Entertainment Product/Industrial Design Toys

Source: California EDD, QCEW data Source: California EDD, QCEW Data

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TAX EFFECTS Activity in the creative sectors triggers jobs and spending, but it also results in tax revenues for state and local government. As with jobs, there is a ripple effect with tax revenues because the initial direct effects give rise to indirect and induced effects.

The LAEDC calculated tax effects attributable directly and indirectly to the creative industries, including property tax, state and local income tax, and sales tax revenues.

In Los Angeles County, property taxes, state and local personal income, and sales taxes generated directly and indirectly by creative industries were nearly $5.1 billion in 2013. By sector, entertainment generated tax revenues of $1.7 billion, followed by fashion at $1.6 billion, and furniture and home furnishings at $453.5 million.

Property, state and local personal income and sales tax revenues associated directly and indirectly with the creative industries based in Orange County were estimated to be $631.7 million in 2013.

SUMMARY ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION Table 2 summarizes the total economic contribution of the creative industries in 2013. The creative industries of Los Angeles and Orange counties generated $139.8 billion in direct, indirect, and induced output. They employed 695,100 workers whose earned income was $48.8 billion. The nonemployer establishments are excluded from the contribution analysis (direct, indirect and induced) in part because they are from a different year, and also to avoid double counting (an individual may do both contract work and be on a company payroll). However this figure shows that significant numbers of workers are employed as free-lance/contingent workers over and above the wage and salary jobs that are a part of the formal contribution analysis.

Direct, indirect and induced workers paid nearly $5.7 billion in taxes to California state and local governments. Of the $139.8 billion in total creative industries output, $82.6 billion was value-added (labor income and profits) generated by the creative industries in excess of materials and services purchases. This net economic contribution of $82.6 billion was equivalent to 10.6% of the region’s gross product of almost $776 billion in 2013.

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TABLE 2: Economic Contribution of the Creative Industries, 2013

DIRECT IMPACT

TOTAL IMPACT

JOBS: 406,900

DIRECT & INDIRECT JOBS: 695,100

NONEMPLOYER ESTABLISHMENTS 2012: 161,200

OUTPUT: $139.8 Billion

LABOR INCOME: $33.5 Billion

TAXES: $5.7 Billion

LABOR INCOME: $48.8 Billion

EMPLOYMENT TRENDS Direct employment in the creative industries of the Los Angeles region peaked in 2006, contracted sharply during the recession and continued to fall during the early years of the recovery. Five years have elapsed since the end of the recession, but employment in the creative industries has yet to fully recover. This pattern has not been confined to the creative industries, but is also true of total payroll employment in the region. The five-year comparisons (2008-2013), which are the focus of this report, encompass the full employment effects of the recession that occurred from 2008 to 2010. However, the creative industries took a bigger hit relative to the economy as a whole. Between 2008 and 2013, the Los Angeles region suffered a loss of 48,000 jobs in the creative industries, a decline of 10.5%. By comparison, the total number of nonfarm jobs across all industries in the region fell by just 1.9% during that same period.

Within the creative sector, manufacturing’s share of direct employment in the Los Angeles region is declining, from 41.2% in 2002 to 26.4% in 2013. Consequently, the share of services employment: design, retail, and wholesale has been on the rise.

Service sector jobs are much harder to outsource, particularly design work.

Although the recession accounted for many of the job losses over the last five years, the larger decline in creative industries employment relative to the overall economy can be explained in large part by the disproportionate share of manufacturing jobs that are included in the creative economy. In 2013, manufacturing jobs were 9.4% of total nonfarm employment in the Los Angeles-Orange County region. Between 2008 and 2013, job counts in the overall manufacturing sector declined by 13.8%. In contrast, manufacturing jobs in the creative industries comprised 28.7% of creative sector employment. The decline in creative sector manufacturing jobs over that

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same five year period was 21.3%. The greater decline in creative sector manufacturing stems from the fact that production jobs in apparel and furniture manufacturing continue to be outsourced to lower-cost countries. In the case of publishing and printing, technological change is driving job losses.

Some of these manufacturing jobs may return as the economy reverts to full employment, but there are other factors in addition to outsourcing that have contributed to manufacturing job declines. Over the past three decades, technological change and increased worker productivity have played a significant role. As a result, manufacturing is not dead in the Los Angeles region (or the United States), but by virtue of advanced technologies and greater efficiencies, manufacturers have been able to expand output using fewer workers.

Within the creative sector, manufacturing’s share of direct employment in the Los Angeles region is declining. In 2002, manufacturing’s share of creative industry employment was 41.2%. By 2008, that share had dropped to 32.7% and by 2013, it had fallen to 26.4%. Consequently, the share of services employment: design, retail, and wholesale, has been on the rise. Service sector jobs are much harder to outsource, particularly design work. Many U.S. firms choose to maintain domestic design and/or research and development facilities in the U.S. precisely because these are high value-added activities, less easily replicated elsewhere.

While there was a decline in total creative industry jobs between 2008 and 2013, employment for most creative sectors bottomed out in 2010 and has since been on the mend. A few sectors weathered the recession relatively well and added to payrolls between 2008 and 2013. The visual and performing arts in Los Angeles County increased payroll employment by 2,000 jobs (7.6%). Digital media, and fine and performing arts schools also posted small gains during this period. In Orange County, employment was up in digital media by 1,000 jobs, a gain of 23.9%, and fine and performing art schools added 200 jobs, an increase of 19.6%.

Turning to more recent trends, creative industry employment in Los Angeles County increased by 1.7% or 6,000 jobs from 2012 to 2013. This is consistent with total employment growth in Los Angeles in 2013. In Orange County, however, after increasing by 2.5% in 2012, creative industries employment fell by 0.9% in 2013.

This contrasted with relatively strong overall employment growth of 2.5% in Orange County.

The largest component of the creative economy in Los Angeles is the entertainment industry. In 2013, there were 132,700 entertainment-related jobs in Los Angeles County, down from 143,100 in 2008. Motion picture and video production experienced the largest number of jobs lost during the period 2008 to 2013, decreasing by

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JOB TRENDS IN THE CREATIVE INDUSTRIES LOS ANGELES REGION, 2012–2013 Architecture & Interior Design

JOBS

Art Galleries

406,900

Communication Arts

2013

Digital Media Entertainment Fashion

JOBS

Furniture & Decorative Arts Product/Industrial Design

401,300

Toys

2012

Visual & Performing Arts Performing Arts Schools Source: California EDD, QCEW Data

8,600 jobs or 7.8%. Motion picture and video production has consistently accounted for three-quarters of total employment in the entertainment industry in Los Angeles County over the course of this report series. Job losses occurred throughout the entertainment industry with the exception of radio stations, where growth was flat, and television broadcasting which increased by 2,200 jobs or by 23.7%. Looking at more recent trends from 2012 to 2013, total entertainment employment was down by 0.2%, but motion picture and video production jobs were up by 1.2% (1,250 jobs).

More substantial job gains over the coming years may be realized from the expansion of the California Film Tax Credit.

Between 2008 and 2013, total creative industries employment in Orange County fell by 16.9% or 10,400 jobs. Furniture and the decorative arts gave up 4,300 jobs (-39.4%); publishing and printing payrolls contracted by 2,700 jobs (-17.7%); and fashion employment declined by 1,700 jobs (-13.1%). Within the publishing and printing sector, however, internet publishing added 600 jobs over this period, an increase of 49.7%.

On a more positive note, a number of sectors posted gains, some of them quite strong over the year (2013 vs. 2012): art galleries, communication arts, digital media, fashion, product and industrial design, publishing and printing, toys, and fine and performing arts schools.

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COUNTING THE SELF-EMPLOYED A large and growing number of creative people are self-employed. Although their contribution to the creative economy is significant, their activities are not captured in the federal and state employment data used to develop most of the job numbers in this report. The government does collect data separately on people who are classified as “nonemployer firms�. These are firms consisting of one person with revenues but no additional employees. The latest nonemployer data come from the IRS for tax year 2012. It is important to note that some individuals may work on the payroll for an employer and be self-employed as well.

In 2012, there were 137,222 nonemployer firms in the creative industries in Los Angeles County and 23,973 in Orange County. Similar to the trends in payroll employment, the number of self-employed individuals fell during 2008 and 2009, but turned around in 2010. However, unlike payroll employment, there were more nonemployer firms in 2012 than there were five years earlier in 2007. Nonemployer firms grew by 10.1% (12,592 firms) between 2007 and 2012 in Los Angeles County and by 9.0% (1,972 firms) in Orange County. The growth of creative nonemployer firms during this period mirrored the increase in self-employed individuals across all industries: 9.0% in Los Angeles County and 7.1% in Orange County. In contrast, total wage and salary employment fell by 5.2% and 6.8% in Los Angeles and Orange counties respectively.

Visual and performing arts providers made up the largest sector of nonemployer firms, particularly the subset of independent artists, writers and performers. Many of these people are involved in the entertainment industry as actors, screen writers, set designers and other specialty occupations. A large number of independents also appear in the communication arts sector as free-lance graphic artists, or in commercial or portrait photography.

Revenues and receipts of creative nonemployer firms in Los Angeles County were $6.5 billion in 2012, with 40.4% of that total generated by independent artists, writers and performers. Revenues in 2012 were up by 9.3% compared with 2007. In contrast, nonemployer total revenues in Orange County fell by 4.8% from 2007 to $937.4 million in 2012. In spite of the increase in the number of firms between 2007 and 2012,

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a number of nonemployer sectors in both Los Angeles County and Orange County saw significant declines in revenue. Notable in both counties was the drop in revenues for architecture and interior design, and furniture and the decorative arts, reflecting the housing downturn and slow recovery during that five year period.

These two sectors also experienced flat or declining employment.

The concentration of these single-person firms varies a great deal across different sectors of the creative economy. In the visual and performing arts, there were nearly 2.7 self-employed persons in Los Angeles County for every salaried worker. In Orange County, the ratio was even higher at 3.4 to one. The communication arts also have a high number of self-employed workers relative to salaried employees. In 2012, there were 1.3 self-employed persons in Los Angeles County for every salaried employee, while in Orange County, there were two single-person firms for each salaried worker in the communication arts.

Growth rates of creative non-employer firms versus payroll employment also differ markedly by industry sector. The fact that nonemployer firm growth continues to outpace regular employment growth points to the increasing importance of selfemployed individuals to the creative economy. One reason is that many jobs lost during the recession did not return during the recovery. This prompted a number of laid-off workers to start their own businesses as independent contractors. This is in part a cyclical effect that may gradually reverse itself now that job creation is proceeding at a healthier rate.

There is also a structural component affecting the growth of nonemployer firms in the creative industries. Competitive pressures stemming from globalization continue to exert enormous pressure on firms to cut costs. This has led to companies seeking efficiencies by using more part-time labor, more temporary labor, and outsourcing non-core tasks to independent contractors. Technological innovation has also played a role by enabling individuals to increase their productivity in ways that were not possible just a few years ago. This has allowed more creative people to strike out on their own as a matter of preference.

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TABLE 3: Ratio of Self-employed Individuals to Salaried Employees by Sector, 2012 Industry Sector

Architecture & Interior Design Art Galleries Communication Arts Digital Media Entertainment Fashion Furniture & Decorative Arts Product/Industrial Design Publishing & Printing Toys Visual & Performing Arts Providers

Â

Los Angeles County Nonemployers 4,748 655 26,166 --19,443 6,660 1,637 --4,299 402 73,212

Column1 Employees 10,100 800 19,700 5,500 132,900 86,900 27,300 400 30,800 4,500 27,400

Column2

Nonem ploym er to Em ployee Ratio

0.47 0.82 1.33 --0.15 0.08 0.06 --0.14 0.09 2.67

Orange County Nonemployers 1,713 205 8,226 --1,531 1,408 498 --1,424 115 8,853

Column3 Employees 5,500 100 4,100 5,100 2,400 10,700 7,500 300 12,200 500 2,600

Column4

Nonem ploym er to Em ployee Ratio

0.31 2.05 2.01 --0.64 0.13 0.07 --0.12 0.23 3.41

Source: California EDD QCEW data; Bureau of the Census Nonemployer Statistics Source: California EDD QCEW data; Bureau of the Census Note: Nonemployer data are not available for Digital Media Note: Nonemployer data are not available for Digital Media and Product and Nonemployer Statistics and Industrial Product &Design Industrial Design

TABLE 4: Comparative Growth Rates of Salaried Employees to Self-Employed Individuals, 2012 Industry Sector

Architecture & Interior Design Art Galleries Communication Arts Digital Media Entertainment Fashion Furniture & Decorative Arts Product/Industrial Design Publishing and Printing Toys Visual & Performing Arts Providers Total Employment Growth:

Los Angeles County Employees 2007-2012 -30.9% -32.7% -3.4% -19.3% -6.6% -12.5% -32.2% -42.4% -22.1% -27.9% 5.5% -12.7%

Column1 Nonemployers 2007-2012 -1.0% -5.3% 13.0% --10.2% 0.1% -13.5% ---3.2% 3.1% 12.7% 10.1%

Orange County Employees 2007-2012 -30.5% -61.2% -21.8% 57.0% -9.0% -22.3% -30.4% -44.1% -20.1% -26.3% -0.4% -18.4%

Column2 Nonemployers 2007-2012 2.9% -8.9% 16.4% --20.8% 3.9% -9.0% ---10.2% -50.7% 8.4% 9.0%

Note: Nonemployer data are not available for Digital Media and Product & Industrial Design

Source: California EDD QCEW data; Bureau of the Census Nonemployer Statistics

Note: Nonemployer data are not available for Digital Media and Product & Industrial Design

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Source: California EDD QCEW data; Bureau of the Census Nonemployer Statistics

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Â

TABLE 5: Number of Nonemployer Firms for the Creative Industries, 2007-2012 Creative Industry Architecture and Interior Design:

NAICS Code 54131 54134 54132 45392

Architectural Services Drafting Serivices Landscape Design Art Galleries Communication Arts: Specialized Design Services Advertising Agencies Photography Studios Entertainment:

Los Angeles County 2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

4,794

4,500

4,311

4,525

4,666

4,748

1,664

1,580

1,601

1,660

1,677

1,713

2,724 1,123 947 692

2,512 1,054 934 635

2,480 892 939 623

2,630 874 1,021 627

2,736 873 1,057 628

2,735 912 1,101 655

893 417 354 225

847 379 354 207

877 358 366 208

940 365 355 209

934 369 374 196

935 375 403 205

23,165

22,849

23,071

24,161

25,191

26,166

7,066

7,090

7,214

7,718

7,916

8,226

5414 5418 541921

11,598 6,286 5,281 17,640

11,237 6,362 5,250 17,781

11,262 6,590 5,219 17,240

11,623 7,040 5,498 17,852

12,171 7,232 5,788 18,669

12,484 7,743 5,939 19,443

3,559 2,205 1,302 1,267

3,503 2,241 1,346 1,293

3,475 2,339 1,400 1,290

3,652 2,542 1,524 1,027

3,647 2,619 1,650 1,365

3,773 2,701 1,752 1,531

5121 5122 515

14,109 2,512 1,019 6,653

14,221 2,548 1,012 6,251

13,744 2,504 992 6,220

14,306 2,557 989 6,365

14,992 2,676 1,001 6,493

15,601 2,841 1,001 6,660

855 223 189 1,355

865 230 198 1,272

841 252 197 1,326

587 243 197 1,301

923 241 201 1,387

1,046 253 232 1,408

313 315 4243 3162 31699 42394

103 2,167 2,645 56 123 1,559 1,893

101 2,039 2,424 53 122 1,512 1,665

92 2,025 2,460 50 106 1,487 1,598

106 2,022 2,559 51 110 1,517 1,594

109 2,041 2,588 45 105 1,605 1,602

138 2,161 2,620 57 106 1,578 1,637

24 442 590 9 20 270 547

22 416 568 na 15 251 489

17 443 555 5 17 289 515

24 443 521 3 13 297 493

22 469 581 6 19 290 479

22 471 574 10 26 305 498

314 337 4232 32721 3279

153 766 793 102 79 390

142 707 646 90 80 380

127 690 624 90 67 379

124 700 608 94 68 355

119 700 616 99 68 398

144 673 649 97 74 402

29 183 283 26 26 122

29 160 253 23 24 117

26 164 274 25 26 117

28 171 243 23 28 107

32 154 228 33 32 113

36 162 238 35 27 115

42392 7111 71141 71151 7121

390 64,962 3,331 3,940 57,400 291

380 64,880 3,380 3,935 57,303 262

379 64,140 3,517 3,950 56,455 218

355 67,378 3,729 4,231 59,220 198

398 70,714 3,827 4,530 62,138 219

402 73,212 4,174 4,719 64,108 211

122 8,170 521 460 7,154 35

117 8,054 528 459 7,029 38

117 7,911 576 432 6,866 37

107 8,185 611 470 7,071 33

113 8,527 598 488 7,394 47

115 8,853 622 515 7,656 60

3231 42492 511

4,441 1,498 258 2,685

4,190 1,363 232 2,595

4,107 1,410 243 2,454

4,111 1,394 239 2,478

4,131 1,379 232 2,520

4,299 1,401 227 2,671

1,585 630 99 856

1,489 578 92 819

1,478 594 83 801

1,481 605 72 804

1,495 577 70 848

1,424 559 75 790

124,630

123,131

121,689

126,968

132,492

137,222

22,001

21,591

21,660

22,181

23,155

23,973

Motion Picture/Video Production Sound Recording Broadcasting (except Internet) Fashion: Textile Mills Manufacturing Apparel Manufacturing Apparel Wholesaling Footwear Manufacturing Other Leather and Allied Prods Mfg Jewelry Wholesaling

Furniture and Decorative Arts: Textile Product Mills Furniture Manufacturing Furniture Wholesaling Pressed & Blown Glass & Glassware Mfg. Other Misc. Nonmetallic Mineral Product Mfg. Toys: Toy Wholesaling Visual and Performing Arts Providers: Performing Arts Cos. Agents & Managers of Artists, etc.

Independent Artists, Writers, etc.

Museums Publishing and Printing: Printing & Related Support Activities Book , Periodical, Newspaper Wholesalers Publishing Industries (Except Internet) Total Nonemployer Firms:

Note: Nonemployer data are not available for Digital Media and Product & Industrial Design

Source: Bureau of the Census Nonemployer Statistics

Note: Nonemployer data are not available for Digital Media and Product & Industrial Design

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Source: Bureau of the Census, Nonemployer Statistics.

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Orange County

2007

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TABLE 6: Revenues of Nonemployer Firms of the Creative Industries, 2007 – 2012 Creative Industry Architecture and Interior Design: Architectural Services Drafting Services Landscape Design Art Galleries Communication Arts: Specialized Design Services Advertising Agencies Photography Studios

Entertainment: Motion Picture/Video Production Sound Recording Broadcasting (except Internet) Fashion: Textile Mills Manufacturing Apparel Manufacturing Apparel Wholesaling Footwear Manufacturing Other Leather and Allied Prods Mfg Jewelry Wholesaling Furniture and Decorative Arts Textile Product Mills Furniture Manufacturing Furniture Wholesaling Pressed & Blown Glass & Glassware Mfg. Other Misc. Nonmetallic Mineral Product Mfg. Toys: Toy Wholesaling Visual and Performing Arts Providers: Performing Arts Cos. Agents & Managers of Artists, etc.

Independent Artists, Writers, etc.

Museums Publishing and Printing: Printing & Related Support Activities Book , Periodical, Newspaper Wholesalers Publishing Industries (Except Internet) Total Shipments, Sales or Receipts:

NAICS Code 54131 541340 54132 45392 5414 5418 541921 5121 5122 515 313 315 4243 3162 31699 42394 314 337 4232 327212 327999 42392 7111 71141 71151 7121 3231 42492 511

VALUE OF SHIPMENTS, SALES, OR RECEIPTS ($MILLIONS)

Los Angeles County 2007

2008

2009

2010

JOBS

2012

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

$889.2

$793.8

$857.7

$924.6

$937.4

$256.5 178.9 33.6 44.0 67.3 1088.4 507.8 371.9 208.7 847.4 685.4 112.1 49.9 695.5 2.6 131.6 316.5 2.8 7.4 234.6 151.1 10.0 55.1 75.5 4.0 6.4 36.8 36.8 2609.1 181.1 236.0 2185.4 6.5 236.5 87.7 16.4 132.3

$224.9 153.1 30.6 41.2 50.6 1068.7 484.3 384.5 199.9 873.4 703.4 123.1 46.8 686.4 3.0 125.7 314.5 2.9 6.4 233.9 125.1 9.1 47.3 58.9 4.6 5.1 33.9 33.9 2657.5 194.6 234.4 2222.6 5.8 216.1 78.7 15.7 121.7

$179.0 126.0 21.4 31.6 38.7 943.6 417.3 354.6 171.6 805.1 659.5 103.7 41.9 618.8 3.3 110.8 293.3 3.3 5.3 202.8 112.6 11.7 44.0 51.3 2.5 3.0 32.0 32.0 2569.6 181.3 224.7 2158.8 4.8 195.2 74.6 14.9 105.7

$186.6 131.1 21.4 34.1 42.0 1035.8 460.1 388.8 186.9 825.2 677.1 104.5 43.6 658.5 3.1 118.7 324.2 3.2 6.0 203.4 108.2 11.7 41.3 46.2 4.5 4.4 34.5 34.5 2672.3 196.4 235.6 2236.4 3.9 206.4 81.0 14.7 110.7

$186.1 127.9 22.5 35.7 43.4 1092.9 489.1 409.6 194.1 884.0 726.2 113.2 44.5 706.5 4.7 117.2 348.3 2.4 8.0 226.0 120.0 9.1 48.5 52.0 5.7 4.7 36.1 36.1 2890.2 191.4 264.5 2429.6 4.7 202.1 77.6 14.1 110.4

$201.0 136.8 25.6 38.5 45.5 1159.9 517.4 437.8 204.7 943.3 778.1 119.7 45.5 690.0 7.1 116.8 345.0 2.1 6.3 212.8 122.7 8.9 44.3 58.3 5.8 5.4 29.7 29.7 3144.7 213.8 279.6 2645.5 5.8 208.4 83.8 15.3 109.3

$101.7 68.0 12.4 21.3 17.3 359.4 184.5 136.3 38.6 53.7 36.9 9.7 7.1 112.1 .5 25.4 60.2 .3 1.5 24.3 52.4 1.6 13.7 31.8 2.4 2.9 9.5 9.5 195.3 23.6 17.3 153.7 .7 83.3 41.9 5.1 36.3

$5,988.5

$5,936.5

$5,494.5

$5,769.6

$6,161.2

$6,545.3

$984.7

Note: Nonemployer data are not available for Digital Media and Product & Industrial Design Source: Bureau of the Census, Nonemployer Statistics.

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Orange County 2011

$84.6 54.9 10.3 19.4 13.9 329.7 160.7 132.5 36.4 50.2 35.8 7.2 7.2 99.2 .5 20.4 56.1 n/d .9 21.3 43.9 .9 11.1 27.8 2.3 1.8 6.9 6.9 181.7 14.1 16.0 150.9 .7 79.2 38.8 4.4 36.0

$66.5 43.5 7.2 15.7 13.9 292.8 133.8 123.4 35.6 47.5 35.3 5.9 6.2 89.7 .4 21.0 50.0 .1 .5 17.6 39.9 1.4 11.1 24.6 .8 2.0 7.3 7.3 166.0 13.6 16.4 135.0 1.0 70.3 36.8 3.1 30.4

$77.0 52.2 8.4 16.4 11.6 322.6 140.5 144.1 37.9 51.4 34.4 6.9 10.2 93.7 .8 23.5 46.2 .1 .8 22.4 37.7 1.1 11.3 22.6 .8 1.9 8.5 8.5 178.6 15.1 18.4 143.4 1.7 76.5 41.6 3.5 31.4

Source: Bureau of the Census Nonemployer Statistics

Note: Nonemployer data are not available for Digital Media and Product & Industrial Design

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$80.8 57.2 8.4 15.2 14.9 338.7 148.9 147.4 42.3 57.2 39.8 7.4 10.1 112.9 1.5 27.2 59.5 .3 .8 23.6 40.9 1.5 9.2 26.2 1.5 2.5 11.5 11.5 190.0 15.7 17.8 154.7 1.7 77.6 43.2 3.9 30.5

$81.6 55.2 8.5 17.8 13.5 351.4 153.0 151.4 47.0 59.2 41.6 8.0 9.6 109.0 .5 25.6 54.7 .5 .4 27.4 40.0 1.2 10.0 23.9 2.5 2.4 13.1 13.1 194.6 17.3 18.0 157.5 1.7 75.0 41.9 3.2 29.9

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OCCUPATIONS IN THE CREATIVE ECONOMY EMPLOYMENT There are two ways to think about creative employment: individuals who work in a creative industry or individuals working in creative occupations. Up to this point, this report has concentrated on the creative industries. These are the firms (commercial and nonprofit) that produce and distribute cultural, consumer and commercial goods and services.

This section turns from industry analysis to the study of occupations. Many of these creative occupations may be found within the set of creative industries, but they are also present in significant numbers in the broader set of industries outside the creative sector. Data on occupations from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics makes it possible to identify and measure creative occupations within the creative industries and in the rest of the economy. It can also shed light on the extent to which creative industries employ people in functions outside of creative occupations.3 Occupational data include both payroll employment and nonemployer firms.

Unlike industry-based definitions of the creative economy, there is greater consensus among researchers regarding creative occupations. The occupational data used in this report are based on the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system.

Of the 840 detailed occupational codes listed in the SOC system, 746 were included in the data set for the Los Angeles region, and of those, 80 have been identified as “creative”.

3 “Employees” are all part-time and full-time workers who are paid a wage or salary. The survey does not cover the self-employed, owners and partners in unincorporated firms, household workers, or unpaid family workers.

These 80 creative occupations can be found across a wide array of organizational functions. For example, within the management strata, creative occupations include advertising, marketing and public relations managers. In technical fields, there are software developers and architects, and in production-related occupations, there are tailors, cabinet makers and engravers. It is easy to imagine that a marketing manager could be working in any number of industries, creative or otherwise, as could a graphic designer. This illustrates the fact that creative occupations may often be found outside the creative sectors of the economy.

In 2013, there were 198,110 workers in Los Angeles County employed in creative occupations and 47,650 in Orange County. This represents 5.6% of total private occupation-based employment in Los Angeles County and 3.7% in Orange County.

In contrast to employment trends by industry, creative employment measured by occupation increased across the region between 2008 and 2013. In Los Angeles L.A. O.C.

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County, job counts rose by 16.2% (27,590 jobs) over that period and by 19.1% (7,630 jobs) in Orange County.

In both counties, a large number of individuals employed in creative occupations worked in art, design, entertainment or media: 58% in Los Angeles County and 32% in Orange County. Across both counties, a large number of creative individuals were also employed in computer and mathematical occupations (45,120). Many of these workers spend their days creating animated characters for film and TV, and designing video games (although, given the current occupational classification system, it is still very difficult to isolate total game design employment).

The next largest group of creative workers was found in education, training, and library occupations (17,170). Unfortunately, arts, cultural and creative activity at the Los Angeles region’s colleges and universities is difficult to fully measure since employment data for campus museums, theaters and literary publications is not disaggregated.

That numerous creative occupations may be found across so many industries suggests the potential for large spillover effects from creative industries and occupations to other industries within the regional economy. It also implies that it is in the region’s economic interest to maintain, nurture and grow its deep pool of creative talent.

300 SOURCE: California EDD, SOC Data

250 200 150 100 50 0

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Individuals employed in creative occupations are heavily concentrated in the Los Angeles region. The chart on the previous page shows Los Angeles and Orange County employment as a percentage of total California employment in the three largest creative occupational groups. In total, 32.7% of persons working in creative occupations in California are located in Los Angeles County and 7.9% are in Orange County. (Table 31 in the appendix for shares by occupation and Table 32 for a comparison of median wages by occupation).

HOW MUCH DO CREATIVE WORKERS EARN? Creativity is a highly valued and recognized professional attribute. Along with the ability to collaborate with co-workers and to communicate effectively, creativity is one of the most sought-after qualities in a prospective employee. The salaries received by many creative individuals working in the Los Angeles region’s creative industries bear this out.

In Los Angeles County in 2013, the creative occupation receiving the highest annual median annual wage was advertising and promotion managers at $133,320. The lowest was $21,660 for motion picture projectionists, which is an occupation likely to employ mostly part-time workers. In Orange County, the difference between the highest and lowest paying occupations was similar: $135,160 for marketing managers and $18,720 for motion picture projectionists.

The median4 wage across all occupations in Los Angeles County was $37,810 in 2013. Out of the 80 creative occupations analyzed in this report, only 14 had a median annual wage less than the county-wide median. In Orange County, the median wage across all occupations was $38,880 with just 16 creative occupations falling below that threshold.

The occupations in the charts and tables below were selected because they align closely with the creative industries. Between 2012 and 2013, there was a great deal of variation in the median annual wage, with just over half of the selected occupations posting an increase in annual wage versus a decline. Overall, the median annual wage across all occupations barely moved in 2013 compared with the previous year: up by 0.2% in Los Angeles County and by 0.1% in Orange County.

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4 Although median and mean (or average) are both measures of a “typical” value for a data set, the median wage is used in this section to represent what a typical worker in a given occupation earned in 2013.

The median is calculated by arranging the data from lowest to highest - the middle number is the median. If a dataset is evenly distributed, the median will be very close to the mean, but when data is skewed, meaning there are exceptionally high or low numbers, the mean can differ from the median by a wide margin. For example, agents and business managers of artists and performers in Los Angeles County have a mean annual wage of $131,540, but a median annual wage of $89,750 – a difference of nearly $42,000. This implies there are individuals employed in this occupation earning an exceptionally high annual wage. These individuals skew the mean wage significantly higher than the median, giving an inaccurate impression of what most people can expect to earn in this occupation.

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There are several reasons why many of the creative occupations listed below might have suffered a decline in wages. The first is a shift from wage and salary employment to independent contractors (nonemployers). Some of these occupations may also be concentrated in industries that are declining or are in the process of transforming through technological change. Another possibility that reflects trends in the labor markets at large, is that more people in creative occupations may be working part time, which would cause a decline in the annual wage.

Selected Annual Median Wage for Creative Occupations, 2013 Los Angeles County Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics

Producers & Directors Software Developers, Applications Writers & Authors Film & Video Editors Multimedia Artists & Animators Architects Sound Engineering Technicians Art, Drama & Music Teachers Fashion Designers Interior Designers Commercial & Industrial Designers Fabric & Apparel Patternmakers Graphic Designers

Orange County Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics Notes: Salary data for art, drama and music teachers not available for Orange County

Software Developers, Applications Architects Producers & Directors Commercial & Industrial Designers Multimedia Artists & Animators Writers & Authors Sound Engineering Technicians Fashion Designers Interior Designers Fabric & Apparel Patternmakers Graphic Designers Film & Video Editors

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$102,860 $98,700 $95,810 $85,800 $84,290 $81,380 $73,060 $70,320 $65,440 $56,760 $52,810 $52,670 $52,440 $99,050 $86,070 $77,870 $73,050 $72,290 $66,010 $65,390 $60,260 $58,600 $55,660 $48,940 $31,190

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OCCUPATIONS, 2012 VS. 2013 2013 Occupation 2012 #Change 2012 2013 Los Angeles County Employment Median Annual Wage TABLE 7: Architects 3,050 3,270 220 $82,890 $81,380 TABLE 7: Occupation 2012 2013 SELECTED #Change 2012 2013 EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS FOR CREATIVE Los Angeles County Employment Median Annual Wage Employment Earnings for Selected4,620 Art, Drama &and Music Teachers 3,670 -950 $76,920 $70,320 Architects 3,050 3,270 220 $82,890 $81,380 OCCUPATIONS, 2012 VS. 2013 Creative Occupations, 2012 vs. 2013 2012 Occupation 2013 #Change 2012 2013 Commercial & Industrial Art, Drama & Music Teachers Designers Architects Commercial & Industrial Los Angeles County Art, Drama & Music Teachers Designers Commercial Occupation & Industrial Designers Architects

-950 220

3,670

-950

2012 1,290 3,050

2013 1,430 3,270

#Change 140 220

2012 $48,480 $82,890

2013 $52,810 $81,380

%Change 8.9% -1.8%

Art, Drama & Music Teachers

1,290 4,620

1,430 3,670

140 -950

$48,480 $76,920

$52,810 $70,320

8.9% -8.9%

Commercial & Industrial Designers

1,290

1,430

140

$48,480

$52,810

8.9%

Fabric & Apparel Patternmakers

1,930

1,730

-200

$46,100

$52,670

14.3%

Fashion Designers Fabric & Apparel Patternmakers Film & Video Editors Fashion Fabric & Designers Apparel Patternmakers Graphic Designers Film & Video Editors Fashion Designers Interior Designers Graphic Designers Film & Video Editors Multimedia ArtistsPatternmakers & Animators Fabric & Apparel Interior GraphicDesigners Designers Producers & Directors Fashion Designers Multimedia Artists & Animators Interior Designers Software Developers Film & Video Editors Producers Directors Multimedia&Artists & Animators Sound Engineering Technicians Graphic Designers Software ProducersDevelopers & Directors Writers & Authors Interior Designers Sound Engineering Software DevelopersTechnicians Multimedia Artists & Animators Writers & Authors Sound Engineering Technicians Producers & Directors Orange County Writers & Authors Software Developers Occupation

3,200 1,930 1,290 4,760 3,200 1,930 9,260 4,760 3,200 1,820 9,260 4,760

3,920 1,730 1,430 6,840 3,920 1,730 9,530 6,840 3,920 1,820 9,530 6,840

720 -200 140 2,080 720 -200 270 2,080 720 0 270 2,080

$64,980 $46,100 $48,480 $92,610 $64,980 $46,100 $54,190 $92,610 $64,980 $59,840 $54,190 $92,610

$65,440 $52,670 $52,810 $85,800 $65,440 $52,670 $52,440 $85,800 $65,440 $56,760 $52,440 $85,800

0.7% 14.3% 8.9% -7.4% 0.7% 14.3% -3.2% -7.4% 0.7% -5.1% -3.2% -7.4%

5,730 1,930 1,820 9,260 19,570 3,200 5,730 1,820 15,670 4,760 19,570 5,730 2,470 9,260 15,670 19,570 4,160 1,820 2,470 15,670 5,730 4,160 2,470 19,570 Employment 4,160 15,670 2012

6,660 1,730 1,820 9,530 20,540 3,920 6,660 1,820 15,660 6,840 20,540 6,660 2,650 9,530 15,660 20,540 4,660 1,820 2,650 15,660 6,660 4,660 2,650 20,540 4,660 15,660 2013

930 -200 0 270 970 720 930 0 -10 2,080 970 930 180 270 -10 970 500 0 180 -10 930 500 180 970 500 -10 #Change

Architects 1,310 Sound Engineering Technicians 2,470 Occupation 2012 Orange County Employment Art, Drama & Music Teachers 970 Writers & Authors 4,160 Architects 1,310 Occupation 2012 Commercial & Industrial 350 Art, Drama & Music Teachers 970 Designers Architects 1,310 Commercial & Industrial Fabric & Apparel Patternmakers 130 350 Orange County Employment Art, Drama & Music Teachers 970 Designers Fashion Designers 570 Commercial & Industrial Occupation 2012 Fabric & Apparel Patternmakers 130 350 Designers Architects 1,310 Film & Video Editors 150 Fashion 570 Fabric & Designers Apparel Patternmakers 130 Art, Drama & Music Teachers 970 Graphic Designers 2,760 Film & Video Editors 150 Fashion Designers 570 Commercial & Industrial Interior Designers 930 350 Graphic Designers 2,760 Designers Film & Video Editors 150 Multimedia ArtistsPatternmakers & Animators 260 Fabric & Apparel 130 Interior 930 GraphicDesigners Designers 2,760 Fashion Designers 570 Multimedia Artists & Animators 260 Interior Designers 930 Film & Video Editors 150 17 www.otis.edu/econreport Source: California EDD QCEW data; Bureau of the Census Multimedia Artists & Animators 260 Nonemployer Statistics Graphic Designers 2,760 17 www.otis.edu/econreport Interior Designers 930 17 www.otis.edu/econreport Multimedia Artists & Animators 260

1,220 2,650 2013 Na 4,660 1,220 2013 450 Na 1,220

-90 180 #Change Na 500 -90 #Change 100 Na -90

17

JOBS

Employment 4,620

Employment

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2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region

$76,920 $82,890

$70,320 $81,380

-1.8% %Change -8.9% -1.8% %Change -8.9% -1.8%

3,670 3,270

Orange County

L.A. O.C.

4,620 3,050

%Change

Median Wage $76,920Annual $70,320

$81,120 $84,290 $46,100 $52,670 $59,840 $56,760 $54,190 $52,440 $115,530 $102,860 $64,980 $65,440 $81,120 $84,290 $59,840 $56,760 $92,150 $98,700 $92,610 $85,800 $115,530 $102,860 $81,120 $84,290 $68,900 $73,060 $54,190 $52,440 $92,150 $98,700 $115,530 $102,860 $92,260 $95,810 $59,840 $56,760 $68,900 $73,060 $92,150 $98,700 $81,120 $84,290 $92,260 $95,810 $68,900 $73,060 $115,530 $102,860 Median Annual Wage $92,260 $95,810 $92,150 $98,700 2012 2013

Median Annual Wage $77,660 $68,900

$86,070 $73,060

$92,260 $77,660 2012 $69,450 Na $77,660

$95,810 $86,070 2013 $73,050 Na $86,070

2012 2013 Median NaAnnual Wage Na

-8.9%

3.9% 14.3% -5.1% -3.2% -11.0% 0.7% 3.9% -5.1% 7.1% -7.4% -11.0% 3.9% 6.0% -3.2% 7.1% -11.0% 3.8% -5.1% 6.0% 7.1% 3.9% 3.8% 6.0% -11.0% 3.8% 7.1% %Change 10.8% 6.0% %Change Na 3.8% 10.8% %Change 5.2% Na 10.8%

120 -10 $46,660 $55,660 19.3% 450 100 $69,450 $73,050 5.2% Median Wage Na Na NaAnnual Na Na 560 -10 $53,830 $60,260 11.9% 2013 #Change 2012 2013 %Change 120 -10 $46,660 $55,660 19.3% 450 100 $69,450 $73,050 5.2% 1,220 -90 $77,660 $86,070 10.8% 200 50 $33,360 $31,190 -6.5% 560 -10 $53,830 $60,260 11.9% 120 -10 $46,660 $55,660 19.3% Na Na Na Na Na 2,980 220 $48,940 $48,940 0.0% 200 50 $33,360 $31,190 -6.5% 560 -10 $53,830 $60,260 11.9% 900 -30 $64,840 $58,600 -9.6% 450 100 $69,450 $73,050 5.2% 2,980 220 $48,940 $48,940 0.0% 200 50 $33,360 $31,190 -6.5% 380 120 $67,650 $72,290 6.9% 120 -10 $46,660 $55,660 19.3% 900 -30 $64,840 $58,600 -9.6% 2,980 220 $48,940 $48,940 0.0% 560 -10 $53,830 $60,260 11.9% 380 120 $67,650 $72,290 6.9% 900 -30 $64,840 $58,600 -9.6% 200 50 $33,360 $31,190 -6.5% 2014 Nonemployer Otis Report on Economy of the Los Angeles Region Note: datathe areCreative not available Media 380 120 $67,650for Digital$72,290 6.9% and Product & Industrial 2,980 220 Design $48,940 $48,940 0.0% 2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region

900

-30

$64,840

$58,600

-9.6%

2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region

380

120

$67,650

$72,290

6.9%

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WHAT IS A LOCATION QUOTIENT?

A location quotient (LQ) can be used to quantify the concentration of a particular industry, industry cluster, occupation or demographic group in a region compared to the nation. It reveals what makes a region unique and gives an indication of where a region has a competitive advantage.

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Occupations with the Highest LocationQuotients in Los Angeles County In Los Angeles County, the ten occupations with the highest location quotients were all creative occupations.

WHAT IS A LOCATION QUOTIENT?

An LQ of 1.0 for an occupation means that a region has the same (or average) concentration of that occupation as does the nation as a whole. If the LQ of an occupation is above 1.0, the region has a higher than average concentration of that occupation. Higherthan-average location quotients for a given occupation or industry suggest a competitive advantage for that region vis-Ă -vis the nation and other regions with respect to that occupation or industry.

As indicated in the figures below, the Los Angeles region has high LQs in a number of creative occupations, meaning they have a higher concentration of those occupations than the nation as a whole. In Los Angeles County, the ten occupations with the highest location quotients were all creative occupations. In Orange County, just two of the top ten occupations by location quotient were creative occupation: costume attendants, and entertainers and performers.

Media & Comm. Workers, All Other Makeup Artists, Theatrical & Performance Film & Video Editors Agents & Mgrs. of Artists, Performers & Athletes Fabric & Apparel Patternmakers Media & Comm. Equipment Workers Fashion Designers Producers & Directors Multimedia Artists & Animators Sound Engineering Technicians

12.75 10.77 10.41 10.27 9.50 9.23 7.52 7.41 7.21 6.55 0

2

4

6

8

10

12

10

12

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2013

Occupations with the Highest LocationQuotients in Orange County In Orange County, just two of the top ten occupations by location quotient were creative occupation: costume attendants, and entertainers and performers.

8.68

Costume Attendants Biomedical Engineers Entertainers & Performers, Sports & Related Helpers: Painters, Paperhangers, Plasterers Drywall & Ceiling Tile Installers Computer Hardware Engineers Plasterers & Stucco Masons Nuclear Technicians Carpet Installers Tapers

6.07 5.85 5.29 3.89 3.84 3.80 3.57 3.54 3.26 0

2

4

6

8

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2013

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LOOKING AHEAD: THE CREATIVE ECONOMY IN 2018 California and the Los Angeles region have made steady economic progress over the past year, experiencing overall job gains that have exceeded the nation as a whole. Most, but not all, industries have participated in these gains. Serviceproducing industries have largely improved, but with considerable variation across industries. Among the goods-producing industries, manufacturing has faced the biggest challenge as global competition and the need for efficiency continue to drive increased use of automation at the expense of workers. Other noteworthy trends include continued growth in information technology (IT) and health care services, along with increases in professional and business services employment, and the trade industries.

Creative industries have participated in these gains. Digital media has thrived on the strength of the IT and related industries. Architecture and interior design, which is tied to real estate, has seen a surge in employment, while furniture and the decorative arts have seen a more modest gain. More generally, improvements in the overall economy have afforded households more discretionary income to spend on entertainment, clothing, and other consumer goods.

Will these trends continue? This section looks ahead to 2018, first with projections for the overall economy, followed by employment projections for the creative industries.

Los Angeles County’s economy will experience ongoing improvement with wage and salary jobs growing by 1.5% on average from 2013 through 2018, bringing the unemployment rate down to its long run annual average of 7.9% in 2015. Orange County will see growth closer to the state’s two percent rate, hitting its long run average annual unemployment rate of 5.2% in 2015. Both counties should recover all of their recession-era job losses in 2015, with continued expansion in jobs to follow thereafter.

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The LAEDC projects that creative industry employment in Los Angeles and Orange Counties will grow by 3.2% from 2013 through 2018 to 415,100 wage and salary jobs, an increase of 12,900 jobs over the period. Most of the creative industries will experience wage and salary job gains, the exceptions being fashion and publishing and printing. Much anticipated increases in residential construction in 2015-16 will increase the demand for architecture and interior design, furniture and home dĂŠcor, and drive demand upstream to industrial design. As the regional economy improves, household expenditures on art, entertainment, and toys should grow and lend support to these creative industries. Throughout the period, job gains will gradually close the gap between current employment and the pre-recession average job level of 450,000 that prevailed over the period 2005-2007.

The figures above and those cited below for Los Angeles and Orange counties track changes in wage and salary employment only. As noted earlier in this report, many creative industries rely to varying degrees on freelance workers and independent contractors along with wage and salary workers. As such, the historical and projected job counts cited here generally under-estimate total creative employment overall and employment in the individual industries.

Los Angeles County: Total creative industry employment in Los Angeles County has seen increases over each of the last four years. This trend will continue over the forecast period, with an increase of more than 11,000 (3.2%) from 352,000 wage and salary jobs in 2013 to 363,100 in 2018.

The largest numeric gain (16,700) will occur in the creative sector with the largest employment base, entertainment, but this sector will also enjoy a robust percentage increase of 12.6%, surpassed only by a projected 16.3% surge in digital media employment.

Most of the other creative industries will see more modest gains in absolute terms, with furniture and decorative arts adding 2,300 jobs, communications arts growing by 2,200 jobs, and visual and performing arts adding 1,700 jobs. These gains will be offset in part by declining jobs in fashion and publishing and printing.

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Orange County: Although total creative industry employment in Orange County declined marginally in 2013 after two consecutive years of gains, wage and salary job gains are anticipated over the next several years through 2018. Creative employment will increase by 3.4% or 1,700 jobs from 2013 through 2018, from 50,300 jobs to 52,000 jobs.

Architecture and interior design will lead the way with the largest numeric gain (700 jobs). Communications arts, digital media, and publishing and printing will each add 500 jobs over the forecast period, with entertainment seeing a gain of 230 jobs.

Smaller gains will occur in other sectors except for fashion, where a loss of 1,000 jobs is expected.

In percentage terms, the biggest gain will occur in product/industrial design (14.6%), followed by architecture and interior design (12.6%), and communications arts (11.4%). Large single-digit increases are also expected in digital media (9.7%) and entertainment (9.5%), with smaller gains elsewhere. Fashion’s job losses will equate to an 8.8% decrease over the forecast period.

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TABLE 8: Los Angeles County Employment Forecast

Creative Industry

Number of Jobs (thousands)

2013-2018 Change

2013

2018f

Number

Percent

10.3

11.5

1.24

12.0%

0.8

0.8

0.01

1.3%

20.0

22.1

2.15

10.8%

5.8

6.8

0.95

16.3%

132.7

149.4

16.71

12.6%

Fashion

89.9

79.0

-10.93

-12.2%

Furniture & Decorative Arts

28.6

30.9

2.26

7.9%

0.4

0.5

0.02

4.5%

30.7

27.6

-3.07

-10.0%

4.7

4.9

0.14

3.0%

Visual & Performing Arts Providers

28.0

29.7

1.67

6.0%

Totals:

351.9

363.1

11.15

3.2%

Architecture & Interior Design Art Galleries Communication Arts Digital Media Entertainment

Product/Industrial Design

Publishing and Printing Toys

Source: Source: EDD California EDD LMID, QCEW data; forecasts by LAEDC California LMID, QCEW data; forecasts

by LAEDC

TABLE 9: Orange County Employment Forecast

Creative Industry

Number of Jobs (thousands) 2013

2013-2018 Change

2018f

Number

Percent

Architecture & Interior Design

5.3

6.0

0.67

12.6%

Art Galleries

0.2

0.2

0.01

6.3%

Communication Arts

4.1

4.6

0.47

11.4%

Digital Media

5.2

5.7

0.50

9.7%

Entertainment

2.4

2.7

0.23

9.5%

11.0

10.0

-0.97

-8.8%

Furniture & Decorative Arts

6.6

6.7

0.13

2.0%

Product/Industrial Design

0.4

0.5

0.06

14.6%

12.4

12.8

0.49

4.0%

Toys

0.5

0.5

0.01

2.1%

Visual & Performing Arts Providers

2.3

2.5

0.12

5.2%

50.3

52.0

1.72

3.4%

Fashion

Publishing and Printing

Totals:

Source: Source: California EDD LMID, QCEW data; forecasts by LAEDC California EDD LMID, QCEW data; forecasts by LAEDC

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INDUSTRY SNAPSHOTS

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Architects create beauty from functional and structural necessity. Without beauty (a highly subjective quality to be sure), a building is merely functional, while good architecture surprises, inspires and delights the observer.

Interior designers make interior space functional, safe and beautiful for almost any type of building including homes, offices, restaurants, retail stores, hotels and airports.

Interior designers must also understand how the look and feel of a space will affect the people who use it.

The art of landscape designers achieves a balance between the man-made and natural environments. Their work combines art, environmental sciences and ecology. Great landscape design not only creates beautiful outdoor space but also can restore sensitive ecosystems, reduce hospital stays, and conserve energy.

INDUSTRY SNAPSHOTS

ARCHITECTURE AND INTERIOR DESIGN

When thinking of great architecture, Los Angeles is not always the first place to come to mind, but Los Angeles is home to some of the world’s most renowned architects and a number of iconic buildings. The Los Angeles region can also take pride in the numerous public and private interior spaces as well as parks, gardens and open spaces that make the region’s communities so inviting.

TABLE 10: Economic Contribution of the Architecture and Interior Design Industry, 2013 Area

Establishments

Los Angeles County

1,630

Orange County Total

Labor Income ($millions) $790.2

Jobs 10,300

Total (Direct, Indirect, Induced) Contribution 1 Output Labor Income Taxes Jobs ($billions) ($millions) ($millions) $2.5 16,800 $1,126.1 $85.9

Nonemployer Estab. (2012) 4,748

712

5,300

$397.1

1,713

1.2

8,200

556.6

41.7

2,342

15,600

$1,187.3

6,461

$3.6

25,000

$1,700.0

$127.6

1

Property, state and local personal income taxes, and sales taxes generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect workers

Sources: California EDD, QCEW data, Bureau of the Census; indirect contribution estimated by LAEDC

Architecture and Interior Design Job Growth NUMBER OF JOBS Los Angeles Orange County

Architecture and Interior Design Job Growth PERCENT CHANGE Los Angeles Orange County 12.0%

14,300

12.6%

11,500

10,300 6,800

6,000

5,300

-27.9%

2008

2013

2018F

Source: California EDD, ES202 data; forecasts by LAEDC

L.A. O.C.

JOBS

2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region

-21.7%

2008/2013

2013/2018F

Source: California EDD, ES202 data; forecasts by LAEDC

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CREATIVITY IN THE SPACE AGE: WILLIAM PEREIRA, L.A.’S AEROSPACE ARCHITECT Aerospace was Southern California’s original “hi-tech” industry. The dominance of aerospace over Southern California’s industrial landscape during the decades following World War II redefined urban development, politics, technology and even the aesthetics of the region.

William Pereira is the architect credited with giving form to Southern California’s space-age vision in concrete, steel and glass. His futuristic creations for Convair Astronautics, Ford Aeronutronic, General Atomic and Autonetics reflected the futuristic dreams of the country during the middle decades of the 20th Century and, not incidentally, helped attract the best engineering talent to Southern California.

Since most of Pereira’s creations were hidden behind security fences and guard houses, perhaps his best known design is the iconic Theme Building at LAX.

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While dismissed by one critic as “Hollywood’s idea of an architect”, Pereira brought a certain glamour to a prominent yet secretive industry. Given his embodiment of the modern California aesthetic of the 1950s and 1960s, it seems perfectly natural that Pereira got his start as an art director at Paramount Studios. Almost from their inception, both industries, aerospace and Hollywood, have been linked within the broader creative economy of Southern California, each influencing the other in surprising ways through the exchange of technology, architecture, art and our collective sense of what is possible. Both industries populated the landscape with “dream factories”. Through his architectural designs, William Pereira’s creative vision gave the aerospace industry its identity, and by extension helped to shape the character of Southern California.

Note on industry employment: The industries described in this report are defined by a specific set of NAICS codes.

Primary data sources track wage and salary jobs by NAICS codes but do not capture other jobs held by freelance workers, independent contractors and other self-employed workers. Many sectors in the creative economy have a mix of both wage and salary and self-employed workers. Direct employment in an industry captured by these NAICS codes is relatively easy to measure. However, this may still result in undercounting direct industry employment. Using the fashion industry to illustrate, there are jobs in other industries that are directly related to fashion but are not picked up in the direct employment numbers. These may include individuals working as import/export agents who deal only in apparel-related goods or a graphic designer who works exclusively with textiles. A designer who owns her own boutique may be counted in the retail sector. Additionally, there are many educators working in the state’s numerous fashion institutions who are counted in the Arts Education industry as opposed to Fashion. This illustrates the complicated linkages that exist between industries and the challenges involved in describing an industry and its contribution to the economy.

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Source: Blue Sky Metropolis: The Aerospace Century in Southern California, edited by Peter J. Westwick; Spaces for the Space Age: William Pereira’s Aerospace Modernism, Stuart W. Leslie; 2012 Huntington Library Collections, and Botanical Gardens and University of California Press.

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ART GALLERIES INDUSTRY SNAPSHOTS

fine art photography and other types of visual art. While the presence of artists and art galleries enhances the quality of life for local residents, they are also a major draw for cultural tourists.

Los Angeles is a world-class art city, attracting influential collectors from around the globe.

From “art neighborhoods” to warehouse districts located in old industrial areas of downtown, Los Angeles is home to numerous galleries featuring contemporary and traditional fine art, paintings, glass art, sculpture,

TABLE 11: Economic Contribution of Art Galleries, 2013 Area

Establishments

Labor Income ($millions) $48.9

Jobs

Total (Direct, Indirect, Induced) Contribution 1 Output Labor Income Taxes Jobs ($millions) ($millions) ($millions) $79.5 1,000 $61.2 $9.1

Nonemployer Estab. (2012) 655

Los Angeles County

210

800

Orange County

45

200

$5.8

205

13.5

200

7.3

1.5

Total

255

1,000

$54.7

860

$93.0

1,200

$100.0

$10.6

1 1Property, state and local personal income taxes, and sales

Source: EDD,ofQCEW data, the Census; Property, state and local personal income taxes, and sales taxes generated by earningsCalifornia and spending the direct andBureau indirectof workers indirect contribution estimated by LAEDC taxes generated by earnings and spending of the direct Sources: California EDD, QCEW data, Bureau of the Census; indirect contribution estimated by LAEDC and indirect workers

Art Gallery Industry Job Growth NUMBER OF JOBS

Art Gallery Industry Job Growth PERCENT CHANGE

Los Angeles Orange County

Los Angeles Orange County 1.3%

1,000 800

800

-22.6%

300

-50.3% 200

200

2008

2013

2018F

Source: California EDD, ES202 data; forecasts by LAEDC

L.A. O.C.

JOBS

6.3%

2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region

2008/2013

2013/2018F

Source: California EDD, ES202 data; forecasts by LAEDC

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COMMUNICATION ARTS

Advertising firms employ creative staff to design the content and visual elements of client ad campaigns. Working with both text and images, advertising firms create visual concepts by hand or using computer software to communicate ideas that inspire, inform or captivate consumers. They help to make an organization recognizable by selecting colors, images or logo designs that represent a particular idea or identity.

Graphic arts designers comprise the second largest subsector of this industry. Graphic designers create visual solutions to communications problems using both digital and print media. Graphic designers are involved in the production of magazines, newspapers, corporate reports and other publications. They also design packaging, brochures and logos for products and businesses. An increasing number of graphic designers are involved in developing material for the Internet, interactive media and multimedia projects.

INDUSTRY SNAPSHOTS

Individuals working in the communication arts combine art and technology to communicate ideas through images and other communications media. This diverse sector is dominated  by advertising agencies but also includes firms that specialize in graphic design, and commercial and portrait photographers.

TABLE 12: Economic Contribution of the Communication Arts Industry, 2013 Area

Establishments

Los Angeles County

2,098

Orange County Total

Labor Income ($millions) $1,923.1

Jobs 20,000

Nonemployer Estab. (2012) 26,166

Total (Direct, Indirect, Induced) Contribution 1 Output Labor Income Taxes Jobs ($billions) ($millions) ($millions) $5.4 31,300 $2,504.6 $224.7

623

4,100

$273.8

8,226

0.9

5,700

360.1

36.5

2,721

24,100

$2,196.9

34,392

$6.3

37,000

$2,864.8

$261.2

1 1Property, Property, state local personal income taxes, and sales taxes generated by earningsCalifornia and spending the direct andBureau indirectof workers Source: EDD,ofQCEW data, the Census; stateand and local personal income taxes, and sales

Sources: California QCEW data, Bureau of estimated

by LAEDC indirect contribution estimated by LAEDC taxes generated

by EDD, earnings and spending ofthe theCensus; direct indirect contribution and indirect workers

Communication Arts Industry Job Growth NUMBER OF JOBS

Communication Arts Industry Job Growth PERCENT CHANGE

Los Angeles Orange County

20,600

Los Angeles Orange County 21,100

20,000

10.8%

11.4%

-3.1% 4,800

2008

4,600

4,100

2013

2018F

Source: California EDD, ES202 data; forecasts by LAEDC

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2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region

-13.3%

2008/2013

2013/2018F

Source: California EDD, ES202 data; forecasts by LAEDC

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DIGITAL MEDIA

Digital media artists work in 3D/2D entertainment arts (games, animation, film), imaging (editorial, retail, comic, info-graphics), video and motion graphics (TV, web, film, corporate), and interactive media (web, mobile).

Individuals working in digital media may also be employed by architectural firms to create

3D images of building designs or in the fashion industry engaged in textile design. Others work for advertising agencies and computer systems design firms and independent specialized design companies. Additionally, with the growth of digital media in entertainment, more and more digital artists are moving onto the payrolls of film studios.

INDUSTRY SNAPSHOTS

The prominence of the digital media industry in Southern California is closely related to its  prominent role as the center of the nation’s entertainment industry and the large number of video game developers working in the area.

The actual size of the digital media industry is difficult to calculate. There is still no precise definition of the industry, nor is there a way to cull digital media activities out of data for related sectors such as motion picture production, publishing or software design.

It is unfortunate that data for employment in the digital media industry are incomplete given its potential to impact all sectors of the creative economy. Beyond industry employment, a large number of software programmers are independent contractors who are not captured by traditional data sources. Many also work for firms in other industries. While software publishing is the industry that best fits this activity and is used to produce the figures below, the employment and economic contribution of digital media activities is much larger than indicated.

TABLE 13: Economic Contribution of the Digital Media Industry, 2013 Area

Establishments

Jobs

Labor Income ($millions) $882.2

Nonemployer Estab. (2012) na

Total (Direct, Indirect, Induced) Contribution 1 Output Labor Income Taxes Jobs ($billions) ($millions) ($millions) $4.8 20,600 $1,628.6 $148.0

Los Angeles County

177

Orange County

110

5,200

$647.2

na

4.3

16,800

1,251.8

116.2

Total

287

11,000

$1,529.4

na

$9.2

37,400

$2,880.3

$264.3

5,800

1 state and local personal income taxes, and sales taxes generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect workers 1Property, Source: California EDD, QCEW data, Bureau of the Census; Property, state and local personal income taxes, and sales Sources: California EDD, QCEW data, Bureau of the Census; indirect contribution estimated by LAEDC

taxes generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect workers

indirect contribution estimated by LAEDC

Digital Media Industry Job Growth NUMBER OF JOBS

Digital Media Industry Job Growth PERCENT CHANGE

Los Angeles Orange County

Los Angeles Orange County 6,800

5,400

2008

9.7%

8.6%

2013

2018F

Source: California EDD, ES202 data; forecasts by LAEDC

JOBS

16.3%

5,200 4,200

L.A. O.C.

23.9%

5,700

5,800

2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region

2008/2013

2013/2018F

Source: California EDD, ES202 data; forecasts by LAEDC

www.otis.edu/otisreport

49

JPL AND HOLLYWOOD: THE BIRTH OF CGI It is probably safe to say that most moviegoers and gamers are unaware that CGI (computer-generated imagery) techniques were invented at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to support the Voyager spacecraft program. In the late 1970s, only a handful JPL programmers were working on simple animations to simulate spacecraft trajectories for NASA. As the Voyager spacecraft sped on its way to the outer reaches of the solar system, a mission designer turned to JPL looking for more complex renderings to illustrate the space probe’s journey than were currently available. After investing in a powerful computer system to run graphics programs, the newly expanded JPL graphics team went to work on generating three-dimensional animations to simulate the Voyager flights past Jupiter and Saturn. Surpassing all expectations, the animated clips took the viewer on a ride behind the Voyager craft as it swooped past the planets, weaving in and out of rings and moons set against a backdrop of distant stars. These clips quickly captured the imagination of a fascinated public and became a staple of TV news.

In an era saturated with CGI images in movies and video games, it is easy to lose sight of the technical advances these “simple” animated clips represented.

James Blinn was one of the wizards behind the creation of early CGI technology.

He invented new techniques that allowed a programmer to digitally add craters and other surface features to formerly smooth representations of planets and moons.

He also pioneered new methods for adjusting the appearance of features as the viewing perspective changed from frame to frame, allowing images to rotate with the planet or moon.

L.A. O.C.

JOBS

2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region

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50

There is a good reason why computer animation was initially developed at JPL instead of Hollywood. The animation sequences required an almost unimaginable number of computations – a three-minute Voyager clip had over four thousand frames each requiring its own set of computations. When this technology was being developed, the only facilities with the necessary computing power were government labs and research universities.

Computer generated animation made the leap to entertainment when Carl Sagan hired James Blinn to provide a series of animated sequences for Cosmos (1980).

Some of the more complex sequences required an hour of computer calculations per frame. JPL allowed Blinn to use their computers since at that time, filmmakers lacked access to the powerful computers needed to crunch the numbers. With the airing of Cosmos, CGI technology developed at JPL gained a wide audience and Hollywood took note.

Source: Blue Sky Metropolis: The Aerospace Century in Southern California, edited by Peter J. Westwick; Aerospace and Hollywood: How Computer Animation Went from Space to Cineplex; 2012 Huntington Library Collections, and Botanical Gardens and University of California Press.

A proponent of open source software, James Blinn helped the spread of CGI technology to the private sector by freely disseminating his ideas in a series of important articles. The pioneering animators at JPL showed what was possible.

Meanwhile, the emergence of affordable graphic workstations, increasingly powerful personal computers, faster monitors and the incorporation of video cards into motherboards, inspired commercial firms to adapt and run with these techniques themselves. The rest is Hollywood history.

L.A. O.C.

JOBS

2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region

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51

ENTERTAINMENT

of the Los Angeles regional economy. Activity related to the motion picture and soundrecording industry generates huge economic benefits for the region both directly and indirectly. Filming on sound stages and onlocation employs actors, camera operators and directors, but as the final credits roll, it

CALIFORNIA FILM TAX CREDIT: In late August 2014, the Governor signed a bill that will triple the California Film Tax Credit to $330 million annually over the next five years. This bill is aimed at reversing runaway film production by offering incentives to studios to keep production in California.

The increase in filming locally will result in the creation of thousands of new jobs in the region and strengthen one of L.A.’s signature industries.

becomes clear that the production of a movie requires workers across sectors as diverse as technical services, transportation, food services and security. Behind the scenes, the entertainment industry provides jobs for accountants, lawyers and insurance firms. Film studios and related activities are also users of large amounts of office and industrial real estate. In addition, the entertainment industry is a major source of export revenues for the region because of the royalties earned overseas by locally produced films and TV shows.

INDUSTRY SNAPSHOTS

 The entertainment industry is a cornerstone

Several activities are included here: sound recording, motion picture and TV production, and cable TV broadcasting as well as radio stations. Musicians might be included here for recording film scores, but since many perform on stage as well as in the studio, they may be included as employees or as nonemployer firms in the visual and performing arts sector.

TABLE 14: Economic Contribution of the Entertainment Industry, 2013 Area

Establishments

Jobs

Los Angeles County

5,769

132,700

Orange County Total

Labor Income ($millions) $13,678.2

Nonemployer Estab. (2012) 19,443

Total (Direct, Indirect, Induced) Contribution 1 Output Labor Income Taxes Jobs ($billions) ($millions) ($millions) $58.1 241,200 $19,179.7 $1,666.9

181

2,400

$58.4

1,531

0.4

1,500

93.2

9.8

5,950

135,100

$13,736.6

20,974

$58.5

242,700

19,273

$1,676.7

11Property, and local personal income taxes,taxes, and sales earnings California and spending of QCEW the direct andBureau indirect workers EDD, data, of the Census; Property,state state and local personal income and taxes salesgenerated bySource:

Sources: California QCEW data, Bureau ofofthe estimated

by LAEDCestimated by LAEDC indirect contribution taxes generated byEDD, earnings and spending theCensus; direct indirect contribution and indirect workers

Entertainment Industry Job Growth NUMBER OF JOBS

Entertainment Industry Job Growth PERCENT CHANGE

Los Angeles Orange County 143,100

Los Angeles Orange County

-7.3%

2008

2,400

2013

JOBS

-6.6%

2,700

2018F

Source: California EDD, ES202 data; forecasts by LAEDC

L.A. O.C.

9.5%

149,400

132,700

2,600

12.6%

2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region

2008/2013

2013/2018F

Source: California EDD, ES202 data; forecasts by LAEDC

www.otis.edu/otisreport

52

FASHION

TABLE 15: Economic Contribution of the Fashion Industry, 2013 Area

Establishments

Los Angeles County

6,477

Orange County Total

Jobs 89,900

processing is often manufactured locally.

Design-related activity also contributes to maintaining the apparel industry’s presence in Southern California. One of the great strengths of the local fashion industry is the designers responsible for the global appeal of the “Made in L.A.” label. The local industry is likewise a leader in “fast-fashion” a term used to describe the production of clothing that reflects current fashion trends that goes from runway to store shelves in as little as four weeks. The many apparel design and merchandising schools that are located in the region attract talented students from all over the world. Fashion also works hand-in-hand with the entertainment industry and the region’s energetic art scene.

INDUSTRY SNAPSHOTS

Apparel design, manufacturing and wholesaling make significant contributions to the Southern California economy, particularly in Angeles County. The fashion industry in Los Orange County is smaller, but has crafted its own identity separate from Los Angeles.

Southern California’s fashion industry also includes textiles and jewelry manufacturing and design, as well as footwear, handbags and cosmetics manufacturing and wholesaling.

Together, Los Angeles and Orange counties employ the largest number of apparel workers in the United States and are one of the few places in the U.S. where apparel continues to be manufactured on a large scale. Although production of most apparel items has largely shifted to lower wage countries in Latin America and Asia, high-end apparel that requires strict quality control and specialized skills or

Source: California EDD LMID, QCEW data; forecasts by LAEDC Labor Income ($millions) $3,642.6

Total (Direct, Indirect, Induced) Contribution 1 Output Labor Income Taxes Jobs ($billions) ($millions) ($millions) $25.8 139,400 $6,442.8 $1,566.3

Nonemployer Estab. (2012) 6,660

669

11,000

$564.5

1,408

3.2

16,600

892.7

207.3

7,146

100,900

$4,207.1

8,068

$29.0

156,000

$7,335.5

$1,773.6

11Property, state andand locallocal personal income taxes, and sales taxes generated by earnings andCalifornia spending of the direct and indirect workers Source: EDD, QCEW data, Bureau of the Census; Property, state personal income taxes, and sales

Sources: Californiaby EDD, QCEW and data,spending Bureau of the Census; indirect contribution indirect estimatedcontribution

by LAEDC estimated by LAEDC taxes generated earnings of the direct and indirect workers

Fashion Industry Job Growth NUMBER OF JOBS

Fashion Industry Job Growth PERCENT CHANGE

Los Angeles Orange County 98,000

Los Angeles Orange County

89,900

-8.2%

79,000

-8.8% -13.1%

12,600

2008

11,000

2013

10,000

2018F

Source: California EDD, ES202 data; forecasts by LAEDC

L.A. O.C.

JOBS

-12.2%

2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region

2008/2013

2013/2018F

Source: California EDD, ES202 data; forecasts by LAEDC

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53

FURNITURE AND DECORATIVE ARTS

apparel, these items are frequently Like designed locally, produced in Asia and shipped back to the U.S. for domestic distribution.

The furniture marts have regular shows where manufacturers exhibit their products to wholesale buyers from around the nation.

Furniture and home furnishings is a sector that exemplifies the tension between localization and globalization. While the region’s manufacturers face growing competition from inexpensive labor overseas, local designers continue to produce innovative and beautiful furnishings. Southern California is also home to hundreds of small artisans who produce hand-crafted and one-of-a-kind pieces. Additionally, the region’s universities and colleges offer a number of top-rated design programs that attract students from across the country.

INDUSTRY SNAPSHOTS

This industry group includes firms that manufacture, warehouse, import and export furniture, including the furniture marts such as the Pacific Design Center and the L.A. Mart.

This sector also includes textile mills (e.g. sheets, towels and fabric window treatments), and china and pottery producers.

TABLE 16: Economic Contribution of the Furniture and Decorative Arts Industry, 2013 Area

Establishments

Los Angeles County

1,574

Orange County Total

Jobs 28,600

Labor Income ($millions) $1,232.8

Nonemployer Estab. (2012) 1,637

Total (Direct, Indirect, Induced) Contribution 1 Output Labor Income Taxes Jobs ($billions) ($millions) ($millions) $8.0 42,300 $1,998.6 $453.5

445

6,600

$305.7

498

1.8

9,400

469.7

92.4

2,019

35,200

$1,538.5

2,135

$9.8

51,700

$2,468.3

$546.0

1

state and local personal income taxes, and sales taxes generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect workers 1 Property, Source: California EDD, QCEW data, Bureau of the Census; Property, state and local personal income taxes, and sales Sources: California EDD, QCEW data, Bureau of the Census; indirect contribution estimated by LAEDC

taxes generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect workers

indirect contribution estimated by LAEDC

Furniture and Decorative Arts Industry Growth NUMBER OF JOBS

Furniture and Decorative Arts Industry Growth PERCENT CHANGE

Los Angeles Orange County

Los Angeles Orange County

7.9% 2.0%

36,200 30,900

28,600 10,800

2008

-21.0% 6,700

6,600

2013

2018F

Source: California EDD, ES202 data; forecasts by LAEDC

L.A. O.C.

JOBS

2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region

-39.4%

2008/2013

2013/2018F

Source: California EDD, ES202 data; forecasts by LAEDC

www.otis.edu/otisreport

54

PRODUCT AND INDUSTRIAL DESIGN Many product and industrial designers are direct employees of companies that produce and sell a wide variety of products. The data in this report capture those working in creative industries like apparel or furniture manufacturing but do not include individuals working in other industries (e.g. aerospace or custom fabricated metal products). The figures shown below reflect specialized design firms that serve as outside contractors or independent consultants to manufacturers and construction firms. Though it is difficult to quantify, the real design base in the region is larger than shown.

INDUSTRY SNAPSHOTS

Industrial designers develop the concepts for manufactured products, such as cars, home appliances and mobile devices. They combine art, marketing, and engineering skills to make products that people use every day. A product  designer focuses on the user experience in creating style and function for a particular object. Most specialize in a particular product category such as medical equipment or consumer electronics. Other product designers may develop ideas for furniture, sporting goods or lifestyle accessories.

Producers of consumer products can no longer expect to catch the attention of the public with a product that is reasonably priced and merely functional. It must also be designed to be beautiful, unique and meaningful.

TABLE 17: Economic Contribution of the Product and Industrial Design Industry, 2013

Los Angeles County

100

400

Orange County

52

400

$42.4

na

89.0

640

54.2

4.7

Total

152

800

$67.0

na

$180.6

1,280

$88.5

$8.4

Establishments

Jobs

Nonemployer Estab. (2012) na

Total (Direct, Indirect, Induced) Contribution 1 Output Labor Income Taxes Jobs ($millions) ($millions) ($millions) $91.6 640 $34.3 $3.8

Labor Income ($millions) $24.6

Area

1 1Property, Property, state and local personal income taxes, and sales taxes generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect workers state and local personal income taxes, and sales

taxes generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect workers

Product and Industrial Design Industry Job Growth NUMBER OF JOBS Los Angeles Orange County

Product and Industrial Design Industry Job Growth PERCENT CHANGE Los Angeles Orange County

14.6% 4.5%

700 -21.6% 500

2008

400

400

2013

500

500

2018F

Source: California EDD, ES202 data; forecasts by LAEDC

L.A. O.C.

JOBS

2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region

-37.6%

2008/2013

2013/2018F

Source: California EDD, ES202 data; forecasts by LAEDC

www.otis.edu/otisreport

55

PUBLISHING & PRINTING firms and workers employed in the industry over the last five years. Digital publishing displaces print media more and more each year. Growing numbers of individuals and businesses are accessing, reading and storing information in electronic formats. Digital printing technologies have also allowed smaller companies to compete in the same market as large commercial printers, while the low cost of digital printing has encouraged firms to bring their printing needs in-house.

INDUSTRY SNAPSHOTS

The traditional publishing and printing sector encompasses two distinct functions. Publishers produce and disseminate literature, artwork or information through books, newspapers and periodicals, directories and mailing lists, greeting cards and other materials. Printers  engage in printing text and images on paper, metal, glass, apparel and other materials.

This sector also includes libraries and archives, and internet publishing.

Although printing and publishing continue to be an important manufacturing industry in Southern California, it is a sector that has experienced large declines in the number of

TABLE 18: Economic Contribution of Publishing and Printing, 2013 Labor Income ($millions)

Nonemployer Estab. (2012)

Total (Direct, Indirect, Induced) Contribution 1 Output Labor Income Taxes Jobs ($billions) ($millions) ($millions)

Area

Establishments

Los Angeles County

1,906

30,700

$2,138.6

4,299

$8.8

51,300

$3,263.3

$276.7

Orange County Total

712 2,618

12,400 43,100

$668.9 $2,807.5

1,424 5,723

3.2 $12.0

18,900 70,200

1,048.1 $4,311.3

91.2 $367.9

Jobs

1

state and local personal income taxes, and sales taxes generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect workers 1 Property, Source: California EDD, QCEW data, Bureau of the Census; Property, state and local personal income taxes, and sales Sources: California EDD, QCEW data, Bureau of the Census; indirect contribution estimated by LAEDC

taxes generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect workers

indirect contribution estimated by LAEDC

Publishing and Printing Industry Job Growth NUMBER OF JOBS

Publishing and Printing Industry Job Growth PERCENT CHANGE

Los Angeles Orange County

Los Angeles Orange County

4.0%

38,700 30,700 15,000

2008

27,600 12,800

12,400

2013

-10.0%

2018F

Source: California EDD, ES202 data; forecasts by LAEDC

L.A. O.C.

JOBS

2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region

-20.8%

-17.7%

2008/2013

2013/2018F

Source: California EDD, ES202 data; forecasts by LAEDC

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56

TOYS

While the job numbers are modest, Southern California is a major force in the toy industry, having introduced a number of “firsts” to toy boxes around the world – including names like Barbie and Hot Wheels that have remained popular with generations of children. Company names include Mattel, Spinmaster, Jakks Pacific, Funrise, Mega Toys, Imperial Toys and The Maya Group. Much of the actual manufacturing of toys takes place in Asia,

but most design and marketing functions have been retained in the Los Angeles region because of the local creative talent pool and supportive training programs at nearby educational institutions. Toy companies are also drawn by the region’s extensive warehouse and distribution system.

INDUSTRY SNAPSHOTS

The toy industry in the United States is highly concentrated. The top 50 toy companies in the nation generate 75% of the industry’s

revenues. If one were to trace a route along the 405 freeway from Van Nuys to Irvine, one would find that eight of the world’s largest toy companies are either headquartered or have offices within that narrow corridor.

The Southern California toy industry benefits from its close ties to the area’s entertainment industry through licensing agreements with the major film studios. Movie characters become toys and toys (Legos, Transformers) become movies. Approximately 30% of all toys sold in the U.S. are licensed.

Hollywood and the entertainment industry also help to draw design talent to the region.

In addition to the entertainment industry, local design talent draws inspiration from the fashion industry, textiles, food and music.

TABLE 19: Economic Contribution of the Toy Industry, 2013 Area Los Angeles County

Establishments 234

Labor Income ($millions) $534.7

Jobs 4,700

Total (Direct, Indirect, Induced) Contribution 1 Output Labor Income Taxes Jobs ($billions) ($millions) ($millions) $2.3 8,700 $748.3 $170.6

Nonemployer Estab. (2012) 402

Orange County

47

500

$35.8

115

0.2

750

52.4

16.7

Total

281

5,200

$570.5

517

$2.5

9,450

$800.7

$187.2

1

state and local personal income taxes, and sales taxes generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect workers 1 Property, Source: California EDD, QCEW data, Bureau of the Census; Property, state and local personal income taxes, and sales Sources: California EDD, QCEW data, Bureau of the Census; indirect contribution estimated by LAEDC

taxes generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect workers

indirect contribution estimated by LAEDC

Toy Industry Job Growth NUMBER OF JOBS

Toy Industry Job Growth PERCENT CHANGE

Los Angeles Orange County

Los Angeles Orange County

3.0%

2.1%

6,000 4,900

4,700

-21.0% -32.0% 700

2008

500

2013

500

2018F

Source: California EDD, ES202 data; forecasts by LAEDC

L.A. O.C.

JOBS

2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region

2008/2013

2013/2018F

Source: California EDD, ES202 data; forecasts by LAEDC

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57

VISUAL AND PERFORMING ARTS

Activities in this group include theater and dance companies, musical groups, other performing arts companies and museums, as well as independent artists, writers, entertainers and their agents and managers.

Many of these firms are non-profit organizations.

Surveys of people’s attitudes toward the performing arts have shown that the arts are viewed as improving the quality of life in a neighborhood or city, and are a source of

community pride. People who visit museums and attend dance, music or theatrical performances say that arts promote understanding of other people, help to preserve and share cultural heritage, and contribute to lifelong learning in adults, and to the education and development of children. Significantly, even people who do not attend performing arts exhibitions share this view.

INDUSTRY SNAPSHOTS

The Los Angeles region is home to an impressive number of internationally renowned arts institutions, world-class symphonies, opera ballet companies, and theater troupes, and many of which are housed in concert halls and theaters that are works of art in their own right.

There is no question that visual and performing arts make communities more desirable places to live. From an economic development standpoint, quality of life is critical to attracting an educated and productive workforce. In today’s global economy, the regions that attract and retain talent are the regions that will grow and prosper.

TABLE 20: Economic Contribution of the Visual and Performing Arts Industry, 2013 Area

Establishments

Los Angeles County

8,084

Orange County Total

Jobs 28,000

Labor Income ($millions) $5,362.7

Nonemployer Estab. (2012) 73,212

Total (Direct, Indirect, Induced) Contribution 1 Output Labor Income Taxes Jobs ($billions) ($millions) ($millions) $7.9 54,600 $6,724.7 $444.6

294

2,300

$87.3

8,853

0.3

3,000

121.5

10.7

8,378

30,300

$5,450.0

82,065

$8.2

57,600

$6,846.2

$455.3

11Property, state andand locallocal personal income taxes, and sales taxes generated by earnings andCalifornia spending ofEDD, the direct anddata, indirect workers Source: QCEW Bureau of the Census; Property, state personal income taxes, and sales

Sources: Californiaby EDD, QCEW and data,spending Bureau of the Census; indirect contribution indirect estimatedcontribution

by LAEDC estimated by LAEDC taxes generated earnings of the direct and indirect workers

Visual and Performing Arts Industry Job Growth NUMBER OF JOBS Los Angeles Orange County

Los Angeles Orange County

2,600

2008

7.6%

29,700

28,000

26,000

2013

JOBS

6.0%

5.2%

-9.3%

2,300

2,500

2018F

Source: California EDD, ES202 data; forecasts by LAEDC

L.A. O.C.

Visual and Performing Arts Industry Job Growth PERCENT CHANGE

2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region

2008/2013

2013/2018F

Source: California EDD, ES202 data; forecasts by LAEDC

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58

NONPROFIT SEGMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY The importance of the arts and culture to economic development is well established.

Because many arts organizations are nonprofits, they rely heavily on charitable contributions and volunteers which are not captured in typical economic statistics like employment and payroll. However, to leave these organizations out of this analysis would present an incomplete picture of the creative sector and the role it plays in the regional economy of Los Angeles and Orange counties.

Information on nonprofits is limited, but the IRS publishes some data on tax-exempt organizations as part of its Statistics of Income (SOI) program. The IRS offers the most comprehensive and standardized data on tax-exempt organizations available, but there are significant limitations. The SOI files are compiled annually by using information from the Form 990 filed by nonprofit organizations. The SOI files include all 501(c)(3) organizations with $30 million or more in assets, all organizations filing under sections 502(c)(4) through 501(c)(9) with $10 million or more in assets, and a sample of a few thousand smaller organizations per year that are selected to represent the entire universe of nonprofit organizations.

The SOI data are cumulative and are the most recent information the IRS has on file for exempt organizations. The year designation on SOI files is based on the starting year for an organization’s tax return, which is not necessarily its fiscal year. Therefore, this data does not cover a specific calendar year but instead, provides a snapshot at the time it was accessed (August 2014) of the state’s nonprofit arts sector.

Unfortunately, the SOI data do not contain information pertaining to employment.

The nonprofit sector also suffered during the recession. In many organizations, resources were stretched to the limit as demand for services increased but donations and access to government funding declined. Like other segments of the economy, however, the nonprofit sector is now in a much better position. Compared with last year, the number of arts and cultural organizations has increased, and both income and asset values are up.

L.A. O.C.

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2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region

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59

The SOI sample contained a total of 2,888 nonprofit organizations in the Los Angeles region classified as arts, culture and humanities organizations. In Los Angeles County, the nonprofit segment of the creative economy is spread across many types of organizations, but was most highly concentrated in organizations that promote culture and ethnic awareness (12.7% of the total); theater; (12.2%); and arts, cultural, multipurpose organizations (8.5%).

While not among the largest sectors in terms of the number of organizations, nonprofit arts education still has a significant presence in the region. Based on the SOI sample, there were 112 arts education organizations and 23 performing arts schools in Los Angeles County, and in Orange County, there were 18 arts education groups and three performing arts schools.

The total income reported by nonprofits in Los Angeles County amounted to $2.4 billion. History museums earned 12.8% of nonprofit income in the county.

Arts education organizations earned 12.4% of the total, followed by art museums (11.9%), performing arts schools (9.8%), and cultural and ethnic awareness organizations (9.2%).

In Orange County, reported nonprofit income in the SOI sample was nearly $290 million. Performing arts centers earned 32.1% of total arts-related nonprofit income; arts, cultural, multipurpose organizations 12.2%, and museums 11.2%.

Another way to measure the importance of the nonprofit sector is to look at the collective value of assets owned by nonprofit organizations in the region. As of August 2014, nonprofits in Los Angeles County reported assets valued at $6.3 billion to the IRS. The largest share of assets was concentrated in art museums and history museums, 31.7% and 15.3% respectively. This is not surprising considering the worth of the region’s collections and the value of the real estate on which they are housed.

In Orange County, nonprofits reported a total of $859 million in assets, with by far the largest share held by performing arts centers (52.3%).

Creative people, as well as many others, value diverse cultural amenities. High concentrations of cultural workers and attractions make an area more appealing by improving quality of life and by drawing visitors to the area. Additionally, the educational and outreach services provided by nonprofit arts organizations play an important role in training the next generation of creative individuals.

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2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region

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TABLE 21: Comparison Nonprofit Sector Figures Reported, 2013 Otis Report vs. 2014

TABLE 22: Arts-Related Nonprofits and Regional Shares, 2014

L.A. O.C.

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2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region

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LARGEST ARTS NONPROFIT SECTORS BY NUMBER OF ORGANIZATIONS BASED ON SOI SAMPLE STATISTICS5

12.7%

15.9% 12.2%

LOS ANGELES COUNTY NUMBER OF ORGANIZATIONS IN SAMPLE

35.3%

8.9%

41.7%

8.4%

8.5%

ORANGE COUNTY NUMBER OF ORGANIZATIONS IN SAMPLE

5.5%

6.6%

559

2,329 4.4% 4.8%

35.3% 12.7% 12.2% 8.5% 6.6% 5.3% 5.3% 5% 4.8% 4.4%

5%

5.3%

5.3%

4.1%

All other Orgs. (823) Cultural, Ethnic Awareness (295) Theater (283) Arts, Cultural Orgs., Multipurpose (197) Music (153) Film, Video (123) Historical Societies (123) Performing Arts Orgs. (117) Arts Education (112) Dance (103)

41.7% 15.9% 8.9% 8.4% 5.5% 5.4% 5.2% 4.8% 4.1%

5.4% 4.8%

5.2%

All other Orgs. (233) Cultural, Ethnic Awareness (89) Arts, Cultural Orgs., Multipurpose (50) Historical Societies, Related Historical Activities (47) Theater (31) Music (30) Performing Arts Orgs. (29) Singing, Choral (27) Arts Culture and Humanities N.E.C. (23)

Source: IRS SOI SOI Statistics Source: IRS Statistics

5 Note: All the figures related to the nonprofit sector cited above and in Table 33 and Table 34 in the appendix are derived from a representative sample of nonprofit organizations in the Los Angeles region. While useful inferences can be made based on this sample, it does not include the entire universe of nonprofit organizations in the region.

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ARTS EDUCATION: K-12 AND POST-SECONDARY Education in the arts is a necessary part of preparing students to meet the demands of the twenty-first century workforce where young people now have to compete in a global labor market. Much attention is paid to STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) courses as a vehicle for preparing students to meet the challenges of an increasingly interconnected world. There is concern that too few STEM-educated students (especially girls) are entering the workforce at sufficient performance levels to meet labor market demand. The arts and the sciences are still seen as separate educational tracks with students encouraged to specialize in one or the other, but if nurturing creative students is desirable, then this kind of thinking can be limiting. One way to persuade more young people to pursue STEM-related subjects is to incorporate the arts into a STEM course of study thus moving from STEM to STEAM. Arts education fosters creative, critical thinking, problem solving and collaboration.

Viewed in this context, creativity has become as important in modern education as mastering specific language and computational skills. Technological innovation is moving ahead so rapidly that functional capabilities have become less important to employers than the ability of employees to reinvent and adapt themselves to a dynamic industry and economic environment. In other words, workers need to be creative. They also need to be skilled at communicating their ideas to co-workers in a collaborative environment. It then follows that creativity training via the arts may be a component of a successful workforce development strategy.

Additionally, while no one questions the necessity of mastering language, math and science skills, a singular focus on these subjects ignores the needs of students whose talents run in a different direction. Marginalizing the arts risks these young people becoming frustrated and dropping out of school altogether. When this happens, they may never develop their unique talents or realize their full potential.

In addition to the individual loss, society as a whole is diminished.

There is a large body of research that has shown that arts education engages students in learning and promotes academic success. When students are engaged, truancy and dropout rates decline.6 Student involvement in the arts is linked to higher academic performance, increased standardized test scores, and greater involvement in community service and civic engagement, especially among disadvantaged students.7

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6 The high school dropout rate in Los Angeles County was 14.8% in 2012, down from 16.5% in 2011. Dropout rates varied from a low of 2.6% in ABC Unified School District to 32.5% in the Compton Unified School District. In Orange County the high school dropout rate was 8.9% in 2012, down from 9.5% in 2011; http://www.kidsdata.org/ 7 www.AmericansForTheArts. org

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Studies have also demonstrated that students who attend schools where the arts are integrated into the classroom curriculum outperform their peers in math and reading who did not have an arts integrated curriculum. Data from The College Board show that in 2013, students who took four years of arts and music classes while in high school scored an average of 95 points better on their SATs than students who took only one-half year or less.8 Thus, arts education at the K-12 level is very important for both social and economic reasons.

The California Department of Education tracks student enrollment, number of classes, average class size and the number of teachers9 by subject area. This allows for the analysis of student participation in creative courses at the K-12 level. The Department of Education has expanded this data set so that in this year’s report a more detailed analysis is possible. This section has been expanded from a discussion limited to art, dance, music and theater classes to include media, entertainment, design and information technology. This more inclusive set of “creative” subject areas aligns more closely with the industries and occupations that define the creative economy (see Table 41 in the appendix for a complete list of subject areas and courses). What follows below, and in more detail in the appendix tables, is a description of the region’s K-12 creative talent pipeline.10 Since peaking in 2003, Los Angeles County’s child population has declined by 16.1% (2014), while the population of school age children has fallen by 16.6%.11 K-12 student enrollment in creative subject areas during the 2012-13 academic year (AY) was down by 2.8% compared with the previous year. This roughly corresponds to the decline of 3.1% in the number of classes offered in creative subject areas.

However, the number of creative classes that met UC/CSU entrance requirements increased by 8.0% compared with the previous year, perhaps reflecting greater emphasis on preparing students for college. Known as the “A-G” subject requirements, the intent of these requirements is to ensure students will be able to fully participate in the first-year program at a UC/CSU university in a wide variety of fields of study.

The number of teachers employed in Los Angeles County teaching creative courses (full-time equivalent) rose by 1.5% over the year.

Accounting for most of the enrollment decline was a large drop in the number of students taking courses in music (-9.7% or 12,700 students); with smaller declines in English (composition, advanced composition and journalism) and dance. The largest enrollment increases occurred in art; arts, media and entertainment; and building construction trades (cabinet making, construction technology and woodworking).

8 “Arts Students Outperform Non-Arts Students on SATs” , http://www.americansforthearts.org/ 9 Measured as Full Time Equivalent (FTE). A FTE measure is a way of equating the number of full- and part-time employees. A full-time employee counts as one FTE; two part-time employees who each work half-time are also equal to one FTE. 10 Creative course subject areas: art; arts, media and entertainment; building trades and construction; computer education; consumer and family studies; dance; drama/ theater; engineering and design; English; fashion and interior design; fine and performing arts (IB); information technology; manufacturing and product development; marketing sales and services; and music.

11 According to the California Department of Finance, K-12 enrollment in California will grow by 0.8% (50,000 students) by 2022-2023. Birth projections indicated a decline contributing to lower elementary enrollment and reduced growth for future total enrollment. Secondary enrollment is projected to decrease through 2016-2017 followed by almost no change for two years and then moderate increases through 2022-23.

Looking at enrollment in creative subject areas by sex, the distribution between males and females has been consistent over the last five years with females comprising 50.5% of creative course enrollment and males 49.5%. There is considerable variation by subject area, but given the current emphasis on STEM-related courses,

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it is interesting to note the ratio of males to females in engineering and design classes over the past five years has consistently been 70% male to 30% female. Still, increasing numbers of girls are enrolling in engineering and design classes. Since the 2007-08 AY, the number of girls enrolled in these courses has increased by 116%.

Why is it important to encourage more girls to enroll in engineering and other STEM classes? Engineering touches almost every aspect of modern life; art and design are a key part of engineering. Furthermore, technology and design are becoming increasingly important to U.S. economic growth. Occupations in these fields also tend to earn higher salaries. There is currently a gender imbalance in engineering and other technical professions that has largely closed in many other industries. Although young women have indicated they are interested in math and engineering, they perceive there are still gender barriers to studying these subjects. Encouraging more girls to study engineering and design and to enter technical occupations would increase employment opportunities for young women and would be a step forward in closing the gender wage gap.

Orange County’s child population peaked in 2004 and has since declined by 8.7% (2014). The school age population fell at a slightly slower rate of 7.6%.

K-12 student enrollment in creative courses experienced a precipitous decline during the 2012-13 AY, falling by 14% compared with the previous year. Most of the drop off in enrollment was due to a decline of 11,700 students in English composition from 2011-12 AY to 2012-13 AY. This number is suspect, however, because total enrollment in English classes of all types increased by 1.5%. Since the course offerings in English expanded in 2012-13 AY, it seems likely students who would previously have taken composition were disbursed to other English courses. If one removes English as a subject area, total creative class enrollment declined by 5.3%.

Of the 15 creative subject areas analyzed, enrollment in only four increased during the 2012-13 AY: art; art, media and entertainment; fine and performing arts; and information technology. In total, the number of creative classes offered declined by 16.4%, and the number of classes meeting UC/CSU requirements fell by 2.7%.

The number of full-time-equivalent teachers was down by nearly 21%.

Looking at Orange County enrollment in creative subject areas by sex, the distribution is fairly even with females comprising 52% of creative course enrollment and males 48%. Again, male-female ratios vary by subject area, but similar to Los Angeles County, enrollment in engineering and design classes is heavily weighted toward males: 82% versus 18% for females during the 2012-13 AY. This ratio has shown some improvement over the last five years – during the 2007-08 AY it was 87% males to 13% females. Meanwhile, the total number of females enrolled in engineering and design classes has increased by 400%.

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250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 500,000 0,000

TOTAL ENROLLMENT IN CREATIVE COURSES BY SEX Los Angeles County Source: California Department of Education, DataQuest 2007-2008

2008-2009

2010-2011

2011-2012

2012-2013

90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0

7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0

TOTAL ENROLLMENT IN CREATIVE COURSES

BY SEX Orange County Source: California Department of Education, DataQuest MALE ENROLLMENT FEMALE ENROLLMENT

2007-2008

2008-2009

2010-2011

2011-2012

2012-2013

ENROLLMENT IN ENGINEERING & DESIGN COURSES BY SEX Los Angeles County Source: California Department of Education, DataQuest MALE ENROLLMENT FEMALE ENROLLMENT 2007-2008

2008-2009

2010-2011

2011-2012

2012-2013

1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 L.A. O.C.

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MALE ENROLLMENT FEMALE ENROLLMENT

ENROLLMENT IN ENGINEERING & DESIGN COURSES BY SEX Orange County Source: California Department of Education, DataQuest MALE ENROLLMENT FEMALE ENROLLMENT

2007-2008

2008-2009

2010-2011

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POST-SECONDARY ARTS EDUCATION: Â

Southern California is fortunate in the richness and caliber of higher education programs available in the arts. The number of persons employed in post-secondary arts education is difficult to pin down. Individuals who work at fine and performing arts schools are reported in the EDD employment data (NAICS 61151). However, arts educators at colleges and universities and technical schools that offer degree programs in the visual and performing arts are not separated in the employment data.

Below is a list of universities, colleges, trade and technical schools in Los Angeles and Orange counties offering degree programs in the creative industries:

Independent Visual and Performing Arts Colleges Column1 Art Center College of Design

Laguna College of Art and Design

California Institute of the Arts

New York Film Academy, Los Angeles

The Colburn School

Otis College of Art and Design

Columbia College, Hollywood L.A. Film School

Colleges and Universities American Film Institute

Mount St. Mary's College

Azusa Pacific University

Occidental College

Biola University

Pepperdine University

Calif. State Polytechnic University, Pomona

Pitzer College

Calif. State University, Dominguez Hills

Pomona College

Calif. State Continued on nextUniversity, page

Fullerton

Scripps College

Calif. State University, Long beach

University of California, Irvine

Calif. State University, Los Angeles

University of California, Los Angeles

Calif. State University, Northridge

University of LaVerne

Chapman University

University of Southern California

Claremont Graduate University

Vanguard University of So. California

Claremont McKenna College

Whittier College

L.A.Concordia University, Irvine 2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region O.C.Loyola Marymount University

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Colleges

Woodbury University

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American Film Institute

Mount St. Mary's College

Azusa Pacific University

Occidental College

Biola University

Pepperdine University

Calif. State Polytechnic University, Pomona

Pitzer College

Calif. State University, Dominguez Hills

Pomona College

Calif. State University, Fullerton

Scripps College

Calif. State University, Long beach

University of California, Irvine

Calif. State University, Los Angeles

University of California, Los Angeles

Calif. State University, Northridge

University of LaVerne

Chapman University

University of Southern California

Claremont Graduate University

Vanguard University of So. California

Claremont McKenna College

Whittier College

Concordia University, Irvine

Woodbury University

Loyola Marymount University

Community Colleges Cerritos College

Los Angeles Harbor College

Citrus College

Los Angeles Mission College

Coastline Community College

Los Angeles Pierce College

College of the Canyons

Los Angeles Southwest College

Cypress College

Los Angeles Trade and Technical College

East Los Angeles College

Los Angeles Valley College

El Camino College

Moorpark College

Fashion Institute of Design and

Orange Coast College

Merchandising, Los Angeles

Pasadena City College

Fashion Institute of Design and Merchandising, Orange County

Rio Hondo College Saddleback College

Fullerton College

Santa Monica College

Glendale Community College

Santiago Canyon College

Golden West College

West Los Angeles College

Irvine Valley College Los Angeles City College

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HOW TO USE THIS REPORT

Why did we write this report?

First, understanding the size and contribution of the creative industries to the region’s economy is a critical first step toward enabling greater coordination of resources and services to support those industries. This could include regional policies that support the creative industries infrastructure, improve access to financial investment and business support programs and in turn, ensure the sustainability of the arts and cultural assets.

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HOW TO USE THIS REPORT

It may also be used for other purposes, among them: To justify increased emphasis on creative economy career paths through technical and university institution.

To develop marketing and branding to promote creative assets both to businesses and as cultural tourism.

To leverage the creative industries to increase the competitiveness of other businesses where innovation in design and aesthetic content are critical to market share.

To develop a support and networking structure that includes convening leadership and building collaborative connections across industries.

To develop strategies for attracting and retaining creative talent.

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NOTES ON METHODOLOGY AND DATA In 2007, Otis College of Art and Design commissioned the LAEDC to undertake the first comprehensive analysis of the creative economy in the Los Angeles region and evaluate its contribution to the overall regional economy. The Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region has been produced every year since then.

In 2013, however, the research methodology was changed in three ways. The first two changes involve changes in the definition of the creative economy. First, additional sub-sectors within the creative industries were added to the existing creative industries. Second, a new sector was added: publishing and printing. Both of these changes better align the creative industry definitions used in this research with the definitions that are increasingly being adopted elsewhere in the literature.

The creative sectors or industries in this report encompass the following twelve areas:

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Architecture and interior design Art galleries Arts education Communications arts Digital media Entertainment Fashion Furniture and home furnishings Product and industrial design Publishing and printing Toys Visual and performing arts

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The data collected for this report includes employment, the number of establishments, payroll activity, and other measures for all the creative economy’s component sectors in California, which come from the following sources:

U.S. Bureau of the Census U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics California Employment Development Department California Department of Education Internal Revenue Service

12 Direct employees are the people working in the industry.

Indirect employees work for firms in the supplier industries. Induced employment results from household spending that stems from increases in direct and indirect employment.

Much of the industry-level information in this report comes directly from the California Employment Development Department’s Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) series. These data are based on unemployment tax payments that all firms with employees are required to make into the state unemployment insurance fund. Because the coverage is so comprehensive, this source is the best available for employment and wage information.

The third change relates to data used in the contribution analysis component of this study. As in recent years, the IMPLAN model was used to assess the economic contribution of the creative industries to the overall economy. In conceptual terms, economic contribution analysis evaluates the ripple effect of a specific economic activity throughout the rest of the economy. Contribution analysis captures the direct impact as well as the indirect and induced impacts of that activity on employment, output, and taxes.12 However, in a departure from past years, beginning in 2013, the contribution analysis began using employment and payroll data from the QCEW, rather than estimated sales, shipments, and revenues that were based on data from the Economic Census.

Because the definitions used in this study were expanded and because the methodology has been altered from previous years, the figures contained in this report are not directly comparable to studies conducted by OTIS and the LAEDC prior to 2013.

Note: Statistical information contained herein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable but such accuracy cannot be guaranteed.

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STATISTICAL APPENDIX

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 Â

TABLE 23: Economic Contribution of the Creative Industries, Los Angeles County, 2013

Industry Architecture/Interior Design Art Galleries Communication Arts Digital Media Entertainment Fashion Furniture/Decorative Arts Product/Industrial Design Publishing and Printing Toys Visual and Performing Arts Fine and Performing Arts Schools Total

Establishments 1,630 210 2,098 177 5,769 6,477 1,574 100 1,906 234 8,084 411 28,670

Jobs 10,300 800 20,000 5,800 132,700 89,900 28,600 400 30,700 4,700 28,000 3,700 355,600

Labor Income ($millions) $790.2 48.9 1,923.1 882.2 13,678.2 3,642.6 1,232.8 24.6 2,138.6 534.7 5,362.7 115.5 $30,374.0

Total (Direct, Indirect, Induced) Contribution Nonemployer Estab. (2012) 4,748 655 26,166 --19,443 6,660 1,637 --4,299 402 73,212 --137,222

Output ($billions) $2.5 0.1 5.4 4.8 58.1 25.8 8.0 0.1 8.8 2.3 7.9 0.3 $124.2

Total Jobs 16,800 1,000 31,300 20,600 241,200 139,400 42,300 600 51,300 8,700 54,600 4,600 612,400

Labor Income Taxes* ($Millions)2 ($millions) $1,126.1 $85.9 61.2 9.1 2,504.6 224.7 1,628.6 148.0 19,179.7 1,666.9 6,442.8 1,566.3 1,998.6 453.5 34.3 3.8 3,263.3 276.7 748.3 170.6 6,724.7 444.6 162.9 14.1 $43,875.2 $5,064.3

Source: California EDD, QCEW data; Bureau of the Census; indirect * Property, state and local personal income taxes and sales taxes *Property, state and local personal income taxes and sales taxes generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect workers. contributions estimated

by LAEDC generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect Details may not add to totals due to rounding workers.

Details may not add to totals due to rounding.

Sources: California EDD, QCEW data; Bureau of the Census; indirect contributions estimated

by LAEDC

TABLE 24: Economic Contribution of the Creative Industries, Orange County, 2013

Industry Architecture/Interior Design Art Galleries Communication Arts Digital Media Entertainment Fashion Furniture/Decorative Arts Product/Industrial Design Publishing and Printing Toys Visual and Performing Arts Fine and Performing Arts Schools Total

Establishments 712 45 623 110 181 669 445 52 712 47 294 126 4,016

Jobs 5,300 200 4,100 5,200 2,400 11,000 6,600 400 12,400 500 2,300 1,000 51,300

Labor Income ($millions) $397.1 $5.8 $273.8 $647.2 $58.4 $564.5 $305.7 $42.4 $668.9 $35.8 $87.3 $21.0 $3,107.8

Total (Direct, Indirect, Induced) Contribution Nonemployer Estab. (2012) 1,713 205 8,226 --1,531 1,408 498 --1,424 115 8,853 --23,973

Output ($billions) $1.2 0.0 0.9 4.3 0.4 3.2 1.8 0.1 3.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 $15.6

Total Jobs 8,200 200 5,700 16,800 1,500 16,600 9,400 600 18,900 700 3,000 1,200 82,700

Labor Income Taxes* ($millions)2 ($millions) $556.6 $41.7 7.3 1.5 360.1 36.5 1,251.8 116.2 93.2 9.8 892.7 207.3 469.7 92.4 54.2 4.7 1,048.1 91.2 52.4 16.7 121.5 10.7 31.2 3.0 $4,938.8 $631.7

Source: California EDD, QCEW data; Bureau of the Census; indirect * Property, state and local personal income taxes and sales taxes *Property, state and local personal income taxes and sales taxes generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect workers. contributions estimated by LAEDC generated by earnings and spending of the direct and indirect Details may not add to totals due to rounding workers. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.

Sources: California EDD, QCEW data; Bureau of the Census; indirect contributions estimated by LAEDC

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TABLE 25: Creative Industries Employment, Los Angeles County, 2008 – 2013

Creative Industry Architecture and Interior Design: Architectural Services Landscape Design Drafting Services Interior Design Ornamental & Architectural Metal Work Mfg. Art Galleries: Communication Arts: Graphic Design Advertising Agencies Photography Studios, Portrait Commercial Photography Digital Media: Software Publishers Entertainment: Motion Picture/Video Production Motion Picture Distribution Post Production Services Sound Recording Radio Stations Television Broadcasting Cable Broadcasting Fashion: Textile Mills Manufacturing Apparel Manufacturing Apparel Wholesaling Footwear Manufacturing Footwear Wholesaling Women's Handbag Manufacturing Cosmetics Manufacturing Jewelry Manufacturing Jewelry Wholesaling Other Specialized Design Svc Furniture and Decorative Arts: Textile Product Mills Furniture Manufacturing Furniture Wholesaling Electric Lighting Fixtures China Plumbing Fixtures, China, Earthenware Mfg. Other China, Fine Earthenware & Pottery Mfg. Pressed & Blown Glass & Glassware Mfg. Other Misc. Nonmetallic Mineral Product Mfg. Product/Industrial Design: Publishing and Printing: Printing and Related Suport Activities Book , Periodical, Newspaper Wholesalers Newspaper Publishers Periodical Publishers Book Publishers Greeting Card Publishers All Other Publishers Libraries and Archives Internet Publishing & Broadcasting Toys: Toy Manufacturing Toy Wholesaling Visual and Performing Arts Providers: Theater Companies Dance Companies Musical Groups Other Performing Arts Cos. Agents & Managers of Artists, etc.

Independent Artists, Writers, etc.

Museums Musical Instrument Manufacturing Fine and Performing Arts Schools Fine and Performing Arts Schools

NAICS Code 54131 54132 541340 54141 332323 45392 54143 54181 541921 541922 5112 51211 51212 51219 5122 515112 515120 5152 313 315 4243 3162 42434 316992 32562 33991 42394 54149 314 337 4232 33512 327111 327112 327212 327999 54142 3231 424920 511110 511120 511130 511191 511199 519120 519130 33993 42392 71111 71112 71113 71119 71141 71151 71211 339992 61161

Avg. Number of Jobs (1,000s) 2008 2013 14.3 10.3 9.0 6.7 1.1 0.7 0.3 0.2 2.4 1.7 1.4 0.9 1.0 0.8 20.6 20.0 5.4 4.3 12.6 13.5 2.0 1.5 0.6 0.6 5.4 5.8 5.4 5.8 143.1 132.7 110.4 101.8 2.2 1.9 9.2 8.4 3.3 2.6 2.1 2.1 9.2 11.4 6.7 4.6 98.0 89.9 9.1 7.0 55.0 46.1 20.7 23.8 0.7 0.5 3.0 2.8 0.0 0.1 4.9 4.7 1.7 1.7 4.3 4.5 1.6 1.6 36.2 28.6 5.8 4.6 18.0 13.6 8.7 7.9 3.1 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.4 38.7 30.7 17.8 13.4 1.3 0.7 4.7 3.0 5.9 3.7 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.9 1.1 6.7 8.3 6.0 4.7 2.2 1.7 3.8 3.1 26.0 28.0 2.2 2.0 0.1 0.1 3.3 2.9 0.2 0.1 6.3 7.6 10.1 11.3 3.8 3.9 0.0 0.0 3.2 3.7 3.2 3.7

TOTAL

393.2

355.6

2008-2013 Change Number Percent -4.0 -27.9% -2.4 -26.2% -0.4 -34.8% -0.1 -19.5% -0.7 -29.8% -0.4 -31.6% -0.2 -22.6% -0.6 -3.1% -1.1 -20.7% 0.9 7.1% -0.5 -23.4% 0.0 6.6% 0.5 8.6% 0.5 8.6% -10.4 -7.3% -8.6 -7.8% -0.3 -11.9% -0.8 -8.6% -0.7 -22.4% 0.0 -1.9% 2.2 23.7% -2.1 -31.7% -8.1 -8.2% -2.1 -23.4% -8.9 -16.2% 3.1 15.1% -0.2 -25.9% -0.1 -4.1% 0.0 76.5% -0.3 -5.4% 0.1 3.9% 0.2 4.6% 0.0 -2.3% -7.6 -21.0% -1.2 -21.4% -4.3 -24.0% -0.8 -9.4% -1.0 -31.3% 0.0 ---0.0 ----0.1 -36.4% -0.2 -39.4% -0.3 -37.6% -8.0 -20.8% -8.2 -24.7% -0.6 -46.3% -1.7 -36.8% -2.2 -36.8% -0.3 -36.4% -0.1 -100.0% -0.6 -100.0% 0.2 19.1% 1.6 23.4% -1.3 -21.0% -0.6 -25.3% -0.7 -18.5% 2.0 7.6% -0.2 -8.3% 0.0 -23.5% -0.4 -10.7% 0.0 -13.9% 1.3 20.6% 1.1 11.1% 0.1 3.7% 0.0 --0.5 14.6% 0.5 14.6% -37.6

-9.6%

Source: California EDD, Labor Market Information Division, QCEW data

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TABLE 26: Los Angeles County Creative Industries Employment Year-to-Year Comparisons, 2008 – 2013 Creative Industry Architecture and Interior Design: Architectural Sevices Landscape Design Drafting Services Interior Design Ornamental & Architectural Metal Work Mfg. Art Galleries: Communication Arts: Graphic Design Advertising Agencies Photography Studios, Portrait Commercial Photography Digital Media: Software Pub lishers Entertainment: Motion Picture/Video Production Motion Picture Distrib ution Post Production Services Sound Recording Radio Stations Television Broadcasting Cab le Broadcasting Fashion: Textile Mills Manufacturing Apparel Manufacturing Apparel Wholesaling Footwear Manufacturing Footwear Wholesaling Women's Handb ag Manufacturing Cosmetics Manufacturing Jewelry Manufacturing Jewelry Wholesaling Other Specialized Design Svc Furniture & Decorative Arts: Textile Product Mills Furniture Manufacturing Furniture Wholesaling Electric Lighting Fixtures China Plumb ing Fixtures, China, Earthenware Other China, Fine Earthenware & Pottery Mfg. Pressed & Blown Glass & Glassware Mfg. Other Misc. Nonmetallic Mineral Product Mfg. Product/Industrial Design: Publishing and Printing: Printing and Related Support Activities Book, Periodical, Newspaper Wholesalers Newspaper Pub lishers Periodical Pub lishers Book Pub lishers Greeting Card Pub lishers All Other Pub lishers Lib raries and Archives Internet Pub lishing & Broadcasting Toys: Toy Manufacturing Toy Wholesaling Visual and Performing Arts Providers: Theater Companies Dance Companies Musical Groups Other Performing Arts Cos. Agents & Managers of Artists, etc.

Independent Artists, Writers, etc.

Museums Musical Instrument Manufacturing Fine and Performing Arts Schools: Fine and Performing Arts Schools

NAICS Code 54131 54132 541340 54141 332323 45392 54143 54181 541921 541922 5112 51211 51212 51219 5122 515112 515120 5152 313 315 4243 3162 42434 316992 32562 33991 42394 54149 314 337 4232 33512 327111 327112 327212 327999 54142 3231 424920 511110 511120 511130 511191 511199 519120 519130 33993 42392 71111 71112 71113 71119 71141 71151 71211 339992 61161

TOTAL

2008 14.3 9.0 1.1 0.3 2.4 1.4 1.0 20.6 5.4 12.6 2.0 0.6 5.4 5.4 143.1 110.4 2.2 9.2 3.3 2.1 9.2 6.7 98.0 9.1 55.0 20.7 0.7 3.0 0.0 4.9 1.7 4.3 1.6 36.2 5.8 18.0 8.7 3.1 ------0.2 0.5 0.7 38.7 17.8 1.3 4.7 5.9 0.8 0.1 0.6 0.9 6.7 6.0 2.2 3.8 26.0 2.2 0.1 3.3 0.2 6.3 10.1 3.8 0.0 3.2 3.2

2009 11.3 7.1 1.0 0.3 1.8 1.2 0.9 18.4 4.3 11.8 1.8 0.5 5.8 5.8 129.6 98.4 2.4 8.6 3.1 2.1 8.8 6.3 84.3 7.7 48.1 17.2 0.5 2.7 0.0 4.2 1.3 3.8 1.4 29.0 4.6 13.9 7.5 2.4 ------0.2 0.4 0.6 34.2 15.6 1.6 3.5 5.1 0.7 0.0 0.4 0.9 6.5 4.7 1.5 3.2 25.5 2.0 0.1 3.0 0.1 6.5 9.7 3.6 0.3 3.1 3.1

2010 10.0 6.3 0.8 0.3 1.5 1.1 0.7 17.5 4.1 11.3 1.6 0.5 5.3 5.3 131.4 100.8 2.3 8.9 3.0 2.0 10.2 4.3 87.0 7.2 47.7 20.5 0.5 2.6 0.0 4.2 1.5 3.9 1.4 26.8 4.1 12.9 7.2 2.3 ---------0.3 0.7 30.5 13.8 0.9 3.3 4.6 0.6 ------0.8 6.5 4.5 1.4 3.1 24.7 2.0 0.1 2.7 0.1 6.4 9.5 3.6 0.3 3.3 3.3

2011 9.8 6.4 0.8 0.3 1.5 0.9 0.7 18.7 4.2 12.3 1.6 0.5 5.1 5.1 133.6 102.1 2.0 9.1 3.0 2.4 10.7 4.3 85.6 6.9 45.5 21.1 0.6 2.6 0.0 4.3 1.6 4.0 1.5 27.0 3.9 13.0 7.5 2.2 ------0.1 0.3 0.8 30.7 14.4 0.9 3.2 3.8 0.6 ------0.9 7.0 4.3 1.5 2.9 26.2 2.0 0.1 2.8 0.2 6.9 10.6 3.7 ---3.5 3.5

2012 10.1 6.5 0.8 0.3 1.6 0.9 0.8 19.7 4.4 13.1 1.7 0.5 5.5 5.5 132.9 100.5 1.8 9.1 3.3 2.5 10.6 5.1 86.9 6.7 45.6 22.1 0.6 2.7 0.0 4.5 1.6 4.2 1.4 27.3 4.0 13.1 7.6 2.1 ------0.1 0.3 0.4 30.8 13.6 0.9 3.2 3.9 0.5 ------0.8 7.9 4.5 1.6 2.9 27.4 2.1 0.1 2.9 0.2 7.3 11.0 3.9 ---3.5 3.5

2013 10.3 6.7 0.7 0.2 1.7 0.9 0.8 20.0 4.3 13.5 1.5 0.6 5.8 5.8 132.7 101.8 1.9 8.4 2.6 2.1 11.4 4.6 89.9 7.0 46.1 23.8 0.5 2.8 0.1 4.7 1.7 4.5 1.6 28.6 4.6 13.6 7.9 2.1 ------0.1 0.3 0.4 30.7 13.4 0.7 3.0 3.7 0.5 ------1.1 8.3 4.7 1.7 3.1 28.0 2.0 0.1 2.9 0.1 7.6 11.3 3.9 ---3.7 3.7

2008 -1.9% 1.3% -23.4% -8.4% 2.7% -6.0% -8.0% 1.0% -4.0% 4.4% -5.0% 2.2% -20.9% -20.9% 0.5% 1.9% 2.4% 7.9% -35.2% -2.1% 3.4% -6.0% -1.3% -4.4% -2.7% 5.1% -11.9% -0.6% -93.6% 0.5% -15.1% -5.4% 17.5% -9.9% -4.2% -15.5% -5.6% 3.3% -------7.5% -2.0% -7.7% -2.2% -8.5% 32.8% -9.1% -5.5% 26.2% -10.9% 2.2% 4.3% 19.1% -4.3% 1.8% -7.5% -0.3% 50.9% 17.4% -7.2% 44.7% -0.7% -2.6% 1.3% ---0.2% 0.2%

2009 -20.8% -21.9% -13.2% -13.4% -27.6% -9.8% -17.6% -10.7% -20.2% -6.5% -10.7% -15.2% 8.4% 8.4% -9.4% -10.9% 11.2% -6.9% -6.0% 0.8% -4.3% -6.7% -14.0% -16.0% -12.5% -16.9% -19.3% -8.7% 466.7% -14.7% -20.8% -9.6% -16.9% -19.9% -20.8% -22.7% -13.8% -20.7% -------9.2% -15.4% -10.7% -11.6% -12.4% 21.6% -25.8% -12.5% -14.2% -47.4% -34.7% -1.9% -3.9% -20.8% -33.0% -13.6% -1.9% -9.1% -9.6% -8.1% -17.6% 3.9% -3.7% -4.6% ----2.3% -2.3%

2010 -11.6% -10.8% -13.7% 2.3% -17.8% -9.0% -15.7% -5.1% -5.9% -4.5% -6.6% -9.9% -9.6% -9.6% 1.4% 2.4% -6.1% 4.0% -4.1% -4.2% 15.7% -32.0% 3.2% -5.6% -0.9% 19.2% 0.9% -2.8% -11.8% -0.6% 13.9% 0.2% 6.1% -7.6% -10.3% -7.4% -4.1% -6.2% ----------20.7% 11.6% -10.9% -11.1% -41.8% -6.5% -10.9% -18.3% -------3.4% 0.3% -4.9% -3.6% -5.5% -3.1% -3.3% -32.0% -11.8% -9.6% -1.5% -2.7% 0.8% 4.3% 5.6% 5.6%

393.2

347.5

342.3

346.1

349.6

355.6

-1.8%

-11.6%

-1.5%

2011 -2.4% 1.0% -10.6% 0.0% 3.0% -22.5% 3.9% 7.0% 3.9% 9.2% -0.4% 6.7% -2.4% -2.4% 1.6% 1.3% -13.2% 2.2% 1.7% 18.6% 5.3% 0.5% -1.6% -4.8% -4.5% 3.0% 13.8% -1.1% 26.7% 2.5% 7.0% 4.3% 4.1% 0.8% -5.0% 1.1% 3.3% -2.7% ----------7.1% 20.2% 0.8% 4.2% -1.7% -2.7% -16.5% -3.8% ------3.4% 8.0% -3.7% 3.3% -6.9% 6.1% 1.2% 8.4% 5.4% 31.7% 6.7% 11.7% 2.4% ---5.2% 5.2% 1.1%

2012 3.2% 2.4% 3.3% -7.4% 6.1% 7.4% 1.3% 5.5% 5.2% 5.9% 3.2% 5.9% 6.6% 6.6% -0.5% -1.5% -6.5% -0.5% 7.6% 3.8% -1.1% 19.6% 1.5% -2.0% 0.2% 4.7% -2.9% 2.5% 152.6% 4.7% 2.7% 4.2% -5.8% 0.9% 1.9% 1.0% 1.6% -3.7% -------1.7% -1.3% -47.9% 0.2% -5.5% -3.8% 0.3% 1.1% -3.6% -------6.4% 13.0% 3.8% 7.9% 1.7% 4.6% 5.9% 6.7% 3.2% 0.6% 6.1% 4.1% 3.8% ---0.1% 0.1% 1.0%

2013 2.3% 2.3% -5.8% -2.0% 8.0% 0.2% 5.9% 1.3% -3.3% 3.6% -10.6% 23.6% 6.6% 6.6% -0.2% 1.2% 3.9% -7.1% -21.5% -17.4% 7.3% -10.4% 3.5% 3.5% 1.1% 7.5% -17.6% 6.6% 25.0% 3.9% 4.9% 6.4% 13.4% 5.1% 14.3% 3.9% 4.5% -1.4% -----6.0% -1.4% 0.2% -0.5% -1.8% -19.7% -6.7% -3.8% -2.2% ------29.8% 5.1% 4.9% 3.9% 5.5% 2.2% -2.7% 8.3% 1.4% -12.9% 4.5% 2.4% 1.4% ---5.4% 5.4% 1.7%

Source: California LMD, Series QCEW Series Source: California EDD, EDD, LMID, QCEW

L.A. O.C.

JOBS

2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region

www.otis.edu/otisreport

76

TABLE 27: Creative Industries Employment, Orange County, 2008 – 2013 NAICS Creative Industry Architecture and Interior Design:

Architectural Services Landscape Design Drafting Services Interior Design Ornamental Architectural Metal Work Mfg.

54131 54132 541340 54141 332323 45392

Graphic Design Advertising Agencies Photography Studios, Portrait Commercial Photography

54143 54181 541921 541922

Art Galleries: Communication Arts:

Digital Media:

Software Publishers

Entertainment:

Motion Picture/Video Production Motion Picture Distribution Post-Production Services Sound Recording Radio Stations Television Broadcasting Cable Broadcasting

Fashion:

Furniture & Decorative Arts:

Avg. Number of Jobs (1,000s)

Code

Textile Mills Manufacturing Apparel Manufacturing Apparel Wholesaling Footwear Manufacturing Footwear Wholesaling Cosmetics Manufacturing Jewelry Manufacturing Jewelry Wholesaling Other Specialized Design Svc

Textile Product Mills Furniture Manufacturing Furniture Wholesaling Electric Lighting Fixtures China Plumbing Fixtures, China Earthenware Mfg. Other China, Fine Earthenware & Pottery Mfg. Pressed & Blown Glass & Glassware Mfg. Other Misc. Nonmetallic Mineral Product Mfg. Product/Industrial Design: Publishing and Printing: Printing and Related Support Activities Book , Periodical, Newspaper Wholesalers Newspaper Publishers Periodical Publishers Book Publishers Greeting Card Publishers All Other Publishers Libraries and Archives Internet Publishing & Broadcasting Toys: Toy Manufacturing Toy Wholesaling Visual and Performing Arts Providers: Theater Companies Dance Companies Musical Groups Other Performing Arts Cos. Agents & Managers of Artists, etc.

Independent Artists, Writers, etc.

Museums Musical Instrument Manufacturing Fine and Performing Arts Schools: Fine and Performing Arts Schools

5112 51211 51212 51219 5122 515112 515120 5152 313 315 4243 3162 42434 32562 33991 42394 54149 314 337 4232 33512 327111 327112 327212 327999 54142 3231 424920 511110 511120 511130 511191 511199 519120 519130 33993 42392 71111 71112 71113 71119 71141 71151 71211 339992 61161

TOTAL

2008-2013 Change

2008 6.8 4.1 1.4 0.1 0.8 0.4 0.3 4.8 1.3 2.6 0.6 0.2 4.2 4.2 2.6 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.0 1.2 12.6 0.8 8.0 2.6 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 10.8 2.1 5.2 1.6 1.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 15.0 8.1 0.3 2.4 1.8 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.1 0.7 0.1 0.6 2.6 0.8 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.8 0.8

2013 5.3 2.9 0.8 0.1 0.9 0.6 0.2 4.1 0.9 2.7 0.4 0.1 5.2 5.2 2.4 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.0 1.1 11.0 0.7 5.4 3.5 0.0 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.4 6.6 1.3 3.7 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 12.4 7.4 0.2 1.6 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.7 0.5 0.1 0.4 2.3 0.9 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.4 0.2 1.0 1.0

Number -1.5 -1.2 -0.6 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.2 -0.6 -0.4 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 1.0 1.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 -1.7 -0.1 -2.6 0.9 -0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.2 -4.3 -0.8 -1.5 -0.1 -1.6 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -2.7 -0.8 -0.1 -0.8 -0.8 -0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 -0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.2 0.2

Percent -21.7% -28.5% -42.4% -37.6% 16.1% 44.4% -50.3% -13.3% -34.1% 3.0% -31.5% -38.3% 23.9% 23.9% -6.6% -1.9% ---38.6% 7.9% -21.2% ---4.4% -13.1% -14.1% -32.6% 34.3% -100.0% 12.6% 28.6% -48.6% 31.1% 63.4% -39.4% -37.8% -29.0% -7.0% -100.0% ---100.0% -43.2% -100.0% -21.6% -17.7% -9.3% -38.6% -34.3% -43.7% -62.3% ----64.7% 49.7% -32.0% 8.7% -39.2% -9.3% 9.7% ---26.8% ---25.7% -23.2% 6.4% -25.1% 19.6% 19.6%

61.7

51.3

-10.4

-16.9%

Source: CaliforniaEDD, EDD,Labor Labor Market Information Division, Source: California Market Information Division, ES202ES202 data data

L.A. O.C.

JOBS

2014 Otis Report on the Creative Economy of the Los Angeles Region

www.otis.edu/otisreport

77

TABLE 28: County Creative Industries Employment Orange Year-to-Year Comparisons, 2008 – 2013 Creative Industry Architecture and Interior Design: Architectural Sevices Landscape Design Drafting Services Interior Design Ornamental & Architectural Metal Work Mfg. Art Galleries Communication Arts: Graphic Design Advertising Agencies Photography Studios, Portrait Commercial Photography Digital Media: Software Pub lishers Entertainment: Motion Picture/Video Production Motion Picture Distrib ution Post Production Services Sound Recording Radio Stations Television Broadcasting Cab le Broadcasting Fashion: Textile Mills Manufacturing Apparel Manufacturing Apparel Wholesaling Footwear Manufacturing Footwear Wholesaling Women's Handb ag Manufacturing Cosmetics Manufacturing Jewelry Manufacturing Jewelry Wholesaling Other Specialized Design Svc Furniture & Decorative Arts: Textile Product Mills Furniture Manufacturing Furniture Wholesaling Electric Lighting Fixtures China Plumb ing Fixtures, China, Earthenware Other China, Fine Earthenware & Pottery Mfg. Pressed & Blown Glass & Glassware Mfg. Other Misc. Nonmetallic Mineral Product Mfg. Product/Industrial Design Publishing and Printing: Printing and Related Support Activities Book, Periodical, Newspaper Wholesalers Newspaper Pub lishers Periodical Pub lishers Book Pub lishers Greeting Card Pub lishers All Other Pub lishers Lib raries and Archives Internet Pub lishing & Broadcasting Toys: Toy Manufacturing Toy Wholesaling Visual and Performing Arts Providers: Theater Companies Dance Companies Musical Groups Other Performing Arts Cos. Agents & Managers of Artists, etc.

Independent Artists, Writers, etc.

Museums Musical Instrument Manufacturing Fine and Performing Arts Schools Fine and Performing Arts Schools

NAICS Code

54131 54132 541340 54141 332323 45392 54143 54181 541921 541922 5112 51211 51212 51219 5122 515112 515120 5152 313 315 4243 3162 42434 316992 32562 33991 42394 54149 314 337 4232 33512 327111 327112 327212 327999 54142 3231 424920 511110 511120 511130 511191 511199 519120 519130 33993 42392 71111 71112 71113 71119 71141 71151 71211 339992 61161

TOTAL

2008 6.8 4.1 1.4 0.1 0.8 0.4 0.3 4.8 1.3 2.6 0.6 0.2 4.2 4.2 2.6 0.7 --0.1 0.1 0.5 --1.2 12.6 0.8 8.0 2.6 0.1 0.6 --0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 10.8 2.1 5.2 1.6 1.6 --0.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 15.0 8.1 0.3 2.4 1.8 1.2 ------0.1 1.1 0.7 0.1 0.6 2.6 0.8 --0.3 --0.1 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.8 0.8

2009 5.0 2.8 1.1 0.1 0.7 0.4 0.3 3.9 1.1 2.1 0.6 0.1 4.3 4.3 2.6 0.6 --0.1 0.1 0.5 --1.3 10.1 0.7 6.7 1.7 --0.6 --0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2 9.0 1.8 4.0 1.4 1.3 --0.1 0.0 0.3 0.4 13.6 7.5 0.2 1.8 1.6 0.8 ------0.0 1.7 0.5 0.1 0.5 2.5 0.8 --0.3 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.9

2010 4.7 2.7 0.9 0.1 0.7 0.3 0.1 3.8 1.0 2.2 0.5 0.1 4.5 4.5 2.4 0.6 ----0.1 0.5 0.2 1.1 10.6 0.7 5.9 3.1 --0.7 --0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 8.0 1.6 3.6 1.5 0.9 --0.0 0.0 0.3 0.4 12.6 7.5 0.1 1.4 1.4 0.4 ------0.0 1.7 0.5 0.1 0.4 2.4 0.7 --0.3 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.9 0.9

2011 5.1 2.9 1.0 0.1 0.7 0.4 0.1 3.7 0.9 2.2 0.5 0.1 4.9 4.9 2.3 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 1.1 10.2 0.7 5.6 2.9 --0.6 --0.3 0.1 0.3 0.3 7.9 1.4 3.8 1.5 0.9 ----0.0 0.3 0.3 12.1 7.4 0.2 1.3 1.3 0.4 ---------1.5 0.5 0.1 0.4 2.5 0.9 --0.2 --0.1 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.9

2012 5.5 3.1 1.0 0.1 0.7 0.5 0.1 4.1 0.9 2.6 0.5 0.1 5.1 5.1 2.4 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 --1.3 10.6 0.7 5.6 3.0 --0.6 --0.4 0.1 0.4 0.4 7.5 1.3 3.8 1.5 0.9 ----0.0 --0.3 12.2 7.5 0.2 1.3 1.1 0.4 ------0.0 1.6 0.5 0.1 0.4 2.6 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.9

2013 5.3 2.9 0.8 0.1 0.9 0.6 0.2 4.1 0.9 2.7 0.4 0.1 5.2 5.2 2.4 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.4 --1.1 11.0 0.7 5.4 3.5 --0.7 --0.4 0.1 0.4 0.4 6.6 1.3 3.7 1.5 ------0.0 --0.4 12.4 7.4 0.2 1.6 1.0 0.5 ----0.1 1.7 0.5 0.1 0.4 2.3 0.9 --0.2 --0.1 0.6 0.4 0.2 1.0 1.0

2008 -14.2% -14.4% -9.9% -5.6% -23.9% -6.6% -14.1% -7.5% -11.2% -7.1% -9.2% -4.6% 27.3% 27.3% 0.8% 11.0% -----23.6% 2.8% -----8.6% -9.1% -9.9% -7.4% ---1.6% ---2.1% -17.0% -35.8% 44.1% 0.1% 11.4% -5.7% -9.6% 15.3% -----13.7% -5.9% 4.0% -1.4% -0.7% 12.6% -6.0% -13.3% 13.5% -----1.9% 9.5% 10.3% 3.0% 11.7% 0.0% 2.1% --19.8% ---9.1% -10.9% 11.7% 0.5% 1.8% 1.8%

2009 -25.9% -32.5% -24.1% -20.8% -6.4% -5.7% -17.3% -18.5% -16.7% -19.0% -12.2% -22.2% 3.8% 3.8% -1.0% -7.0% -----32.5% -3.5% --10.2% -20.3% -8.0% -15.9% -34.4% --2.8% ---20.8% -21.0% -9.8% -24.0% -16.9% -12.6% -23.7% -11.8% -18.5% ---35.4% -25.0% 165.6% -18.7% -9.5% -8.1% -48.4% -22.6% -11.0% -35.0% -----37.3% 51.7% -21.5% -22.3% -21.3% -3.0% -3.2% ---4.1% ---15.7% -9.0% -2.3% -20.8% 5.4% 5.4%

2010 -6.9% -2.8% -17.1% 2.5% -1.8% -18.6% -46.2% -1.8% -7.8% 1.8% -5.1% 1.5% 3.0% 3.0% -5.8% -8.8% ----8.2% -1.6% ---14.6% 4.9% -8.2% -12.0% 78.9% --7.9% ---8.6% -20.9% -16.3% 43.7% -10.8% -12.7% -8.9% 3.7% -29.0% ---23.5% 0.0% -11.5% -7.8% -7.1% 0.3% -16.0% -24.0% -12.5% -43.2% -----28.1% 1.6% -1.9% 2.5% -2.6% -2.4% -3.7% ---5.6% 3.1% 0.0% -1.5% 3.7% -12.8% -0.6% -0.6%

2011 8.9% 9.0% 17.5% -31.7% 3.7% 6.2% -1.4% -3.8% -7.7% 0.7% -8.9% -26.5% 9.0% 9.0% -5.6% 7.0% -----10.9% -54.7% 10.6% 0.3% -3.1% 9.8% -4.6% -6.7% ---9.4% --14.6% -14.5% 14.7% 13.5% -1.4% -13.0% 4.9% 1.4% -3.3% -----6.1% -10.3% -24.2% -4.2% -1.3% 51.0% -7.3% -10.0% -2.7% -------13.5% -7.2% 13.4% -11.0% 4.0% 17.0% ---18.7% --8.5% 11.5% 4.3% 10.5% -2.0% -2.0%

2012 7.8% 7.3% -1.5% 0.0% 1.0% 53.1% 2.8% 9.8% -7.0% 18.5% -0.2% 22.7% 5.8% 5.8% 2.4% 11.9% 50.0% 9.8% 14.6% -0.9% --12.1% 3.8% -0.3% -1.2% 3.5% ---3.0% --59.2% -3.2% 37.0% 30.4% -4.8% -5.2% -1.4% 2.2% -0.8% -----41.9% ---5.4% 0.6% 1.2% -10.4% 2.7% -14.1% -0.2% ------7.3% -6.5% 0.0% -8.1% 1.2% 3.3% ---15.6% ---25.0% -5.0% 6.3% -0.6% 8.9% 8.9%

2013 -3.4% -7.1% -21.0% 12.5% 21.2% 15.7% 10.1% 1.5% 0.0% 4.8% -9.6% -13.4% 0.3% 0.3% 3.5% -3.4% 20.8% -7.5% 44.7% 84.8% ----3.4% -6.2% -3.3% 18.4% --15.5% ---2.6% -1.1% 10.2% 1.8% -12.9% -1.2% -1.2% -1.8% ------38.9% --45.9% 1.6% -1.5% 4.5% 17.3% -6.5% 5.3% ----90.9% 4.7% 1.8% 20.4% -3.0% -8.9% -2.7% --19.0% --8.3% -19.0% -5.3% -1.3% 6.9% 6.9%

61.7

53.1

51.0

50.5

51.7

51.3

-3.0%

-14.0%

-4.0%

-1.0%

2.5%

-0.9%

Source: California EDD, LMID, Series Source: California EDD,QCEW LMID, QCEW Series

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TABLE 29: Los Angeles County Employment

by Creative Occupation, 2008 – 2013 Average Employment Occupational Title Management Occupations: Advertising and Promotions Managers Mark eting Managers Public Relations and Fundraising Managers Business and Financial Operations Occupations: Agents and Business Managers of Artists, etc.

Computer and Mathematical Occupations: Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, System Software Architecture and Engineering Occupations: Architects, Except Landscape and Naval Landscape Architects Architectural and Civil Drafters Education, Training and Library Operations: Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary Area, Ethnic and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary Art, Drama and Music Teachers, Postsecondary Communications Teachers, Postsecondary English Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary History Teachers, Postsecondary Archivists Curators Museum Technicians and Conservators Librarians Library Technicians Audio-Visual and Multimedia Collections Specialists Art, Design, Entertainment and Media Occupations: Art Directors Craft Artists Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors and Illustrators Multimedia Artists and Animators Artists and Related Work ers, All Other Commercial and Industrial Designers Fashion Designers Floral designers Graphic Designers Interior Designers Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers Set and Exhibit Designers Designers, All Other Actors Producers and Directors Dancers Choreographers Music Directors and Composers Musicians and Singers Radio and Television Announcers Public Address System and other Announcers Broadcast News Analysts Reporters and Correspondents Public Relations Specialists Editors Technical Writers Writers and Authors Media and Communication Work ers, All Other Audio and Video Equipment Technicians Broadcast Technicians Radio Operators

SOC Code 11-2011 11-2021 11-2031 13-1011 15-1132 15-1133 17-1011 17-1012 17-3011 25-1031 25-1061 25-1062 25-1082 25-1121 25-1122 25-1123 25-1124 25-1125 25-4011 25-4012 25-4013 25-4021 25-4031 25-9011 27-1011 27-1012 27-1013 27-1014 27-1019 27-1021 27-1022 27-1023 27-1024 27-1025 27-1026 27-1027 27-1029 27-2011 27-2012 27-2031 27-2032 27-2041 27-2042 27-3011 27-3012 27-3021 27-3022 27-3031 27-3041 27-3042 27-3043 27-3099 27-4011 27-4012 27-4013

2008 11,340 1,680 8,010 1,650 2,940 2,940 ** ** ** 8,070 3,010 ** 5,060 14,090 130 150 150 60 3,330 630 2,030 1,160 380 70 410 350 2,750 2,360 130 111,780 3,450 ** 570 6,260 570 850 2,590 1,080 10,710 2,000 2,720 940 1,080 12,900 14,710 820 460 580 3,320 ** 260 ** 1,570 8,760 4,450 1,590 3,570 2,580 3,820 1,790 **

2013 10,920 1,610 7,360 1,950 3,590 3,590 28,690 15,660 13,030 6,110 3,270 230 2,610 14,250 ** 140 230 50 3,670 970 1,800 1,290 370 280 290 430 2,530 1,940 260 114,470 2,970 370 1,970 6,660 140 1,430 3,920 560 9,530 1,820 1,430 1,170 1,100 ** 20,540 870 300 370 2,510 1,220 690 340 1,430 7,500 3,650 1,350 4,660 9,960 4,740 2,850 **

2008-2013 Changes Number -420 -70 -650 300 650 650 -------1,960 260 ---2,450 160 ---10 80 -10 340 340 -230 130 -10 210 -120 80 -220 -420 130 2,690 -480 --1,400 400 -430 580 1,330 -520 -1,180 -180 -1,290 230 20 --5,830 50 -160 -210 -810 --430 ---140 -1,260 -800 -240 1,090 7,380 920 1,060 ---

Percent -3.7% -4.2% -8.1% 18.2% 22.1% 22.1% -------24.3% 8.6% ---48.4% 1.1% ---6.7% 53.3% -16.7% 10.2% 54.0% -11.3% 11.2% -2.6% 300.0% -29.3% 22.9% -8.0% -17.8% 100.0% 2.4% -13.9% --245.6% 6.4% -75.4% 68.2% 51.4% -48.1% -11.0% -9.0% -47.4% 24.5% 1.9% --39.6% 6.1% -34.8% -36.2% -24.4% --165.4% ---8.9% -14.4% -18.0% -15.1% 30.5% 286.0% 24.1% 59.2% ---

Median Annual Wage 2013

Location Quotient

$133,320 $129,190 $94,660

1.88 1.41 1.21

Entry Level Education

Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree

$89,750

10.27

Bachelor's Degree

$98,700 $114,980

0.81 1.16

Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree

$81,380 $76,590 $56,130

1.30 0.47 0.98

Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree Associate Degree

$66,590 $86,770 $75,160 $96,050 $70,320 $78,790 $73,140 $66,540 $74,910 $44,620 $65,350 $48,330 $71,350 $41,650 $46,520

* 0.78 0.79 0.34 1.32 1.08 0.80 1.41 0.52 1.66 0.88 1.46 0.62 0.67 0.98

Doctoral/Professional Degree Doctoral/Professional Degree Doctoral/Professional Degree Doctoral/Professional Degree Doctoral/Professional Degree Doctoral/Professional Degree Doctoral/Professional Degree Doctoral/Professional Degree Doctoral/Professional Degree --Masters Degree Bachelor's Degree Masters Degree Post Secondary/Non-degree Award Bachelor's Degree

$130,700 $64,080 $58,370 $84,290 $55,570 $52,810 $65,440 $28,020 $52,440 $56,760 $32,810 $55,170 $39,780 * $102,860 * * $63,560 * $37,710 * * $37,490 $63,840 $62,440 $74,520 $95,810 $48,680 $49,550 $42,830 *

3.07 2.63 5.50 7.21 0.63 1.67 7.52 0.40 1.64 1.39 0.66 4.01 5.00 * 7.41 2.52 1.57 0.54 2.13 1.33 3.07 2.32 1.09 1.24 1.23 0.95 3.56 12.75 2.80 3.42 *

Bachelor's Degree HS Diploma or Equivalent HS Diploma or Equivalent Bachelor's Degree HS Diploma or Equivalent Bachelor's Degree HS Diploma or Equivalent HS Diploma or Equivalent Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree HS Diploma or Equivalent Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree --Bachelor's Degree HS Diploma or Equivalent HS Diploma or Equivalent Bachelor's Degree HS Diploma or Equivalent Bachelor's Degree HS Diploma or Equivalent --Associate Degree Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree HS Diploma or Equivalent Post Secondary/Non-degree Award Associate Degree ---

Continued on next page »

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TABLE 29: Los Angeles County Employment

by Creative Occupation, 2008 – 2013

Continued from previous page »

Occupational Title Sound Engineering Technicians Photographers Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Motion Picture Film and Video Editors Media and Communication Equipment Work ers, All Other Personal Care and Service Occupations: Motion Picture Projectionists Costume attendants Mak eup Artists, Theatrical and Performing Sales and Related Occupations: Advertising Sales Agents Office and Administrative Support Occupations: Library Assistants, Clerical Desk top Publishers Installation, Maintenance and Repair Occupations: Electronic Home Entertainment Equip. Installers and Repairers Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners Watch Repairers Production Occupations: Bindery Work ers Book binders Sewers, Hand Tailors, Dressmak ers, and Custom Sewers Fabric and Apparel Patternmak ers Cabinetmak ers and Bench Carpenters Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Work ers Painting, Coating and Decorating Work ers Photographic Process Work ers Etchers and Engravers

SOC Code 27-4014 27-4021 27-4031 27-4032 27-4099 39-3021 39-3092 39-5091 41-3011 43-4121 43-9031 49-2097 49-9061 49-9063 49-9064 51-5011 51-5012 51-6051 51-6052 51-6092 51-7011 51-9071 51-9123 51-9151 51-9194

Average Employment

2008-2013 Changes

2008 3740 1760 3180 5460 3640 700 480 ** 220 4,310 4310 2,560 1890 670 1,490 1160 330 ** ** 13,240 2060 ** 840 1790 1870 3620 1810 920 ** 330

2013 2,650 2,170 2,310 6,840 4,450 1,920 270 860 790 5,870 5,870 2,890 2,540 350 670 460 ** 210 ** 8,730 ** ** 330 1,450 1,730 1,810 1,060 560 1,580 210

Number -1,090 410 -870 1,380 810 1,220 -210 --570 1,560 1,560 330 650 -320 -820 -700 -------4,510 -----510 -340 -140 -1,810 -750 -360 ---120

Percent -29.1% 23.3% -27.4% 25.3% 22.3% 174.3% -43.8% --259.1% 36.2% 36.2% 12.9% 34.4% -47.8% -55.0% -60.3% -------34.1% -----60.7% -19.0% -7.5% -50.0% -41.4% -39.1% ---36.4%

198,110

27,590

16.2%

170,520 Notes: Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment * = indicates thatStatistics a wage or location quotient estimate are not available

** = indicates that an employment estimate is not available Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics

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Median Annual Wage 2013

Location Quotient

Entry Level Education

$73,060 $50,930 $49,290 $85,800 $67,240

6.55 1.32 4.57 10.41 9.23

Post Secondary/Non-degree Award HS Diploma or Equivalent Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree

$21,660 $51,900 $83,630

1.17 4.86 10.77

Less than High School HS Diploma or Equivalent ---

$54,520

1.32

HS Diploma or Equivalent

$23,600 $49,890

0.83 0.81

HS Diploma or Equivalent Associate Degree

$35,420 $44,810 $29,160 *

0.57 * 0.95 *

Post Secondary/Non-degree Award Associate Degree -----

* * $24,180 $27,350 $52,670 $37,940 $31,320 $27,110 $34,690 $32,160

* * 1.96 2.26 9.50 0.73 1.54 1.17 1.42 0.81

----Less than High School Less than High School HS Diploma or Equivalent HS Diploma or Equivalent HS Diploma or Equivalent HS Diploma or Equivalent HS Diploma or Equivalent HS Diploma or Equivalent

Notes: * Indicates that a wage or location quotient estimate are not available ` ** Indicates that an employment estimate is not available

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TABLE 30: County Employment by Orange Creative Occupation, 2008 – 2013 Occupational Title Management Occupations: Advertising and Promotions Managers Mark eting Managers Public Relations and Fundraising Managers Business and Financial Operations Occupations: Agents and Business Managers of Artists, etc.

Computer and Mathematical Occupations: Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, System Software Architecture and Engineering Occupations: Architects, Except Landscape and Naval Landscape Architects Architectural and Civil Drafters Education, Training and Library Operations: Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary Area, Ethnic and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary Art, Drama and Music Teachers, Postsecondary Communications Teachers, Postsecondary English Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary History Teachers, Postsecondary Archivists Curators Museum Technicians and Conservators Librarians Library Technicians Audio-Visual and Multimedia Collections Specialists Art, Design, Entertainment and Media Occupations: Art Directors Craft Artists Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors and Illustrators Multimedia Artists and Animators Artists and Related Work ers, All Other Commercial and Industrial Designers Fashion Designers Floral designers Graphic Designers Interior Designers Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers Set and Exhibit Designers Designers, All Other Actors Producers and Directors Dancers Choreographers Music Directors and Composers Musicians and Singers Radio and Television Announcers Public Address System and other Announcers Broadcast News Analysts Reporters and Correspondents Public Relations Specialists Editors Technical Writers Writers and Authors Media and Communication Work ers, All Other Audio and Video Equipment Technicians Broadcast Technicians Radio Operators

Average Employment SOC Code 11-2011 11-2021 11-2031 13-1011 15-1132 15-1133 17-1011 17-1012 17-3011 25-1031 25-1061 25-1062 25-1082 25-1121 25-1122 25-1123 25-1124 25-1125 25-4011 25-4012 25-4013 25-4021 25-4031 25-9011 27-1011 27-1012 27-1013 27-1014 27-1019 27-1021 27-1022 27-1023 27-1024 27-1025 27-1026 27-1027 27-1029 27-2011 27-2012 27-2031 27-2032 27-2041 27-2042 27-3011 27-3012 27-3021 27-3022 27-3031 27-3041 27-3042 27-3043 27-3099 27-4011 27-4012 27-4013

2008 4,720 500 3,660 560 70 70 0 *** *** 4,400 1,640 710 2,050 3,400 ** 40 ** ** 760 150 580 140 140 ** ** 30 690 870 ** 19,870 660 ** 70 530 90 430 390 650 4,280 1,300 1,120 140 200 340 440 120 510 100 990 80 100 ** 290 2,550 940 720 470 270 740 110 **

2013 4,330 330 3,570 430 60 60 16,430 9,230 7,200 3,690 1,220 440 2,030 2,920 30 50 30 40 ** 250 580 210 150 ** 30 30 570 800 150 15,240 590 ** 100 380 ** 450 560 250 2,980 900 600 90 210 490 590 ** 40 210 1,100 30 ** ** 230 1,390 820 620 310 490 860 50 **

2008-2013 Changes Number -390 -170 -90 -130 -10 -10 -------710 -420 -270 -20 -480 --10 ------100 0 70 10 ----0 -120 -70 ---4,630 -70 --30 -150 --20 170 -400 -1,300 -400 -520 -50 10 150 150 ---470 110 110 -50 -----60 -1,160 -120 -100 -160 220 120 -60 ---

Percent -8.3% -34.0% -2.5% -23.2% -14.3% -14.3% -------16.1% -25.6% -38.0% -1.0% -14.1% --25.0% ------66.7% 0.0% 50.0% 7.1% ----0.0% -17.4% -8.0% ---23.3% -10.6% --42.9% -28.3% --4.7% 43.6% -61.5% -30.4% -30.8% -46.4% -35.7% 5.0% 44.1% 34.1% ---92.2% 110.0% 11.1% -62.5% -----20.7% -45.5% -12.8% -13.9% -34.0% 81.5% 16.2% -54.5% ---

Median Annual Location Wage 2013 Quotient

Entry Level Education

$102,450 $135,160 $113,140

1.07 1.87 0.74

Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree

$64,880

0.45

Bachelor's Degree

$99,050 $111,170

1.31 1.76

Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree

$86,070 $70,140 $55,980

1.32 2.45 2.09

Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree Associate Degree

$124,830 $103,490 $82,490 $125,940 * $128,330 $121,820 $118,990 $125,030 * $60,400 $42,770 $73,320 $43,670 $43,620

0.38 0.71 0.33 0.84 * 0.77 0.71 0.62 0.56 * 0.29 0.30 0.38 0.76 1.59

Doctoral/Professional Degree Doctoral/Professional Degree Doctoral/Professional Degree Doctoral/Professional Degree Doctoral/Professional Degree Doctoral/Professional Degree Doctoral/Professional Degree Doctoral/Professional Degree Doctoral/Professional Degree --Masters Degree Bachelor's Degree Masters Degree Post Secondary/Non-degree Award Bachelor's Degree

$85,190 * * $72,290 * $73,050 $60,260 $31,090 $48,940 $58,600 $31,490 $42,260 $87,460 * $77,870 * $47,300 $55,960 * * * * $43,200 $60,170 $61,550 $74,810 $66,010 $46,850 $54,570 $25,910 *

1.66 * 0.74 1.13 * 1.42 2.93 0.49 1.40 1.87 0.75 0.80 2.58 0.71 0.58 * 0.64 0.83 2.56 0.10 * * 0.49 0.63 0.76 1.19 0.65 1.72 1.39 0.15 *

Bachelor's Degree HS Diploma or Equivalent HS Diploma or Equivalent Bachelor's Degree HS Diploma or Equivalent Bachelor's Degree HS Diploma or Equivalent HS Diploma or Equivalent Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree HS Diploma or Equivalent Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree --Bachelor's Degree HS Diploma or Equivalent HS Diploma or Equivalent Bachelor's Degree HS Diploma or Equivalent Bachelor's Degree HS Diploma or Equivalent --Associate Degree Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree HS Diploma or Equivalent Post Secondary/Non-degree Award Associate Degree ---

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TABLE 30: Orange County Employment by Creative Occupation, 2008 – 2013 Continued from previous page »

Average Employment Occupational Title Sound Engineering Technicians Photographers Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Motion Picture Film and Video Editors Media and Communication Equipment Work ers, All Other Personal Care and Service Occupations: Motion Picture Projectionists Costume attendants Mak eup Artists, Theatrical and Performing Sales and Related Occupations: Advertising Sales Agents Office and Administrative Support Occupations: Library Assistants, Clerical Desk top Publishers Installation, Maintenance and Repair Occupations: Electronic Home Entertainment Equip. Installers and Repairers Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners Watch Repairers Production Occupations: Bindery Work ers Book binders Sewers, Hand Tailors, Dressmak ers, and Custom Sewers Fabric and Apparel Patternmak ers Cabinetmak ers and Bench Carpenters Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Work ers Painting, Coating and Decorating Work ers Photographic Process Work ers Etchers and Engravers

SOC Code 27-4014 27-4021 27-4031 27-4032 27-4099 39-3021 39-3092 39-5091 41-3011 43-4121 43-9031 49-2097 49-9061 49-9063 49-9064 51-5011 51-5012 51-6051 51-6052 51-6092 51-7011 51-9071 51-9123 51-9151 51-9194

2008 150 590 40 160 300 0 ** ** ** 1,480 1480 1,570 1050 520 820 710 110 ** ** 3,690 690 ** 120 700 350 1290 400 140 ** ** 40,020

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Notes: Employment Statistics * = indicates that a wage or location quotient estimate are not available ** = indicates that an employment estimate is not available

2013 270 330 ** 200 100 590 ** 560 30 1,780 1,780 820 670 150 ** ** ** ** ** 1,790 ** ** ** 330 120 640 ** ** 560 140 47,650

2008-2013 Changes Number 120 -260 --40 -200 590 ------300 300 -750 -380 -370 -----------1,900 -------370 -230 -650 --------7,630

Percent 80.0% -44.1% --25.0% -66.7% --------20.3% 20.3% -47.8% -36.2% -71.2% -----------51.5% -------52.9% -65.7% -50.4% ---------

Median Annual Location Wage 2013 Quotient

Entry Level Education

$65,390 $43,600 $39,020 $31,190 $58,350

1.82 0.55 * 0.83 0.59

Post Secondary/Non-degree Award HS Diploma or Equivalent Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree

$18,720 $23,200 $35,240

--8.68 1.27

Less than High School HS Diploma or Equivalent ---

$53,840

1.09

HS Diploma or Equivalent

$33,800 $53,260

0.60 0.92

HS Diploma or Equivalent Associate Degree

$36,230 * * $51,360

* * * *

* * $20,630 $28,510 $55,660 $32,020 $29,830 $31,920 $34,050 $28,630

* * * 1.39 1.87 0.70 * * 1.37 1.50

Post Secondary/Non-degree Award Associate Degree --------Less than High School Less than High School HS Diploma or Equivalent HS Diploma or Equivalent HS Diploma or Equivalent HS Diploma or Equivalent HS Diploma or Equivalent HS Diploma or Equivalent

19.1%

Notes: * Indicates that a wage or location quotient estimate are not available ** Indicates that an employment estimate is not available `

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics

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Â

TABLE 31: Los Angeles-Orange County Shares of California Employment by Creative Occupation, 2013 Occupational Title

Average Employment 2013 Orange LA County County 40,400 10,920 4,330 4,050 1,610 330 29,960 7,360 3,570 6,390 1,950 430 4,040 3,590 60 4,040 3,590 60 174,500 28,690 16,430 95,510 15,660 9,230 78,990 13,030 7,200 24,720 6,110 3,690 10,340 3,270 1,220 2,520 230 440 11,860 2,610 2,030 51,490 14,250 2,920 ** ** 30 520 140 50 730 230 30 240 50 40 11,380 3,670 ** 3,090 970 250 7,250 1,800 580 3,690 1,290 210 1,700 370 150 530 280 ** 910 290 30 1,150 430 30 9,210 2,530 570 9,940 1,940 800 1,150 260 150 253,610 114,470 15,240 5,900 2,970 590 640 370 ** 2,990 1,970 100 10,300 6,660 380 550 140 ** 3,660 1,430 450 5,720 3,920 560 3,190 560 250 26,290 9,530 2,980 6,200 1,820 900 6,810 1,430 600 2,340 1,170 90 1,550 1,100 210 31,450 ** 490 25,440 20,540 590 1,680 870 ** 1,560 300 40 2,480 370 210 6,470 2,510 1,100 2,750 1,220 30 1,350 690 ** 630 340 ** 4,590 1,430 230 21,730 7,500 1,390 10,720 3,650 820 6,660 1,350 620 7,770 4,660 310 12,140 9,960 490 9,520 4,740 860 4,550 2,850 50 ** ** **

SOC Code California

Management Occupations: Advertising and Promotions Managers Mark eting Managers Public Relations and Fundraising Managers Business and Financial Operations Occupations: Agents and Business Managers of Artists, etc.

Computer and Mathematical Occupations: Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, System Software Architecture and Engineering Occupations: Architects, Except Landscape and Naval Landscape Architects Architectural and Civil Drafters Education, Training and Library Operations: Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary Area, Ethnic and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary Art, Drama and Music Teachers, Postsecondary Communications Teachers, Postsecondary English Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary History Teachers, Postsecondary Archivists Curators Museum Technicians and Conservators Librarians Library Technicians Audio-Visual and Multimedia Collections Specialists Art, Design, Entertainment and Media Occupations: Art Directors Craft Artists Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors and Illustrators Multimedia Artists and Animators Artists and Related Work ers, All Other Commercial and Industrial Designers Fashion Designers Floral designers Graphic Designers Interior Designers Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers Set and Exhibit Designers Designers, All Other Actors Producers and Directors Dancers Choreographers Music Directors and Composers Musicians and Singers Radio and Television Announcers Public Address System and other Announcers Broadcast News Analysts Reporters and Correspondents Public Relations Specialists Editors Technical Writers Writers and Authors Media and Communication Work ers, All Other Audio and Video Equipment Technicians Broadcast Technicians Radio Operators

11-2011 11-2021 11-2031 13-1011 15-1132 15-1133 17-1011 17-1012 17-3011 25-1031 25-1061 25-1062 25-1082 25-1121 25-1122 25-1123 25-1124 25-1125 25-4011 25-4012 25-4013 25-4021 25-4031 25-9011 27-1011 27-1012 27-1013 27-1014 27-1019 27-1021 27-1022 27-1023 27-1024 27-1025 27-1026 27-1027 27-1029 27-2011 27-2012 27-2031 27-2032 27-2041 27-2042 27-3011 27-3012 27-3021 27-3022 27-3031 27-3041 27-3042 27-3043 27-3099 27-4011 27-4012 27-4013

LA % of CA OC % of CA 27.0% 39.8% 24.6% 30.5% 88.9% 88.9% 16.4% 16.4% 16.5% 24.7% 31.6% 9.1% 22.0% 27.7% --26.9% 31.5% 20.8% 32.2% 31.4% 24.8% 35.0% 21.8% 52.8% 31.9% 37.4% 27.5% 19.5% 22.6% 45.1% 50.3% 57.8% 65.9% 64.7% 25.5% 39.1% 68.5% 17.6% 36.2% 29.4% 21.0% 50.0% 71.0% --80.7% 51.8% 19.2% 14.9% 38.8% 44.4% 51.1% 54.0% 31.2% 34.5% 34.0% 20.3% 60.0% 82.0% 49.8% 62.6% ---

10.7% 8.1% 11.9% 6.7% 1.5% 1.5% 9.4% 9.7% 9.1% 14.9% 11.8% 17.5% 17.1% 5.7% --9.6% 4.1% 16.7% --8.1% 8.0% 5.7% 8.8% --3.3% 2.6% 6.2% 8.0% 13.0% 6.0% 10.0% --3.3% 3.7% --12.3% 9.8% 7.8% 11.3% 14.5% 8.8% 3.8% 13.5% 1.6% 2.3% --2.6% 8.5% 17.0% 1.1% ----5.0% 6.4% 7.6% 9.3% 4.0% 4.0% 9.0% 1.1% ---

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TABLE 31: Los Angeles-Orange County Shares of California

Employment

by Creative Occupation, 2013 Continued from previous page »

Occupational Title Sound Engineering Technicians Photographers Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Motion Picture Film and Video Editors Media and Communication Equipment Work ers, All Other Personal Care and Service Occupations: Motion Picture Projectionists Costume attendants Mak eup Artists, Theatrical and Performing Sales and Related Occupations: Advertising Sales Agents Office and Administrative Support Occupations: Library Assistants, Clerical Desk top Publishers Installation, Maintenance and Repair Occupations: Electronic Home Entertainment Equip. Installers and Repairers Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners Watch Repairers Production Occupations: Bindery Work ers Book binders Sewers, Hand Tailors, Dressmak ers, and Custom Sewers Fabric and Apparel Patternmak ers Cabinetmak ers and Bench Carpenters Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Work ers Painting, Coating and Decorating Work ers Photographic Process Work ers Etchers and Engravers

Average Employment 2013 Orange County 3,690 2,650 270 5,720 2,170 330 2,970 2,310 ** 7,970 6,840 200 5,630 4,450 100 3,480 1,920 590 940 270 ** 1,640 860 560 900 790 30 16,800 5,870 1,780 16,800 5,870 1,780 10,180 2,890 820 8,930 2,540 670 1,250 350 150 3,270 670 ** 2,080 460 ** 520 ** ** 520 210 ** 150 ** ** 24,230 8,730 1,790 ** ** ** ** ** ** 850 330 ** 3,450 1,450 330 2,020 1,730 120 8,110 1,810 640 2,690 1,060 ** 1,870 560 ** 4,460 1,580 560 780 210 140

SOC Code California LA County 27-4014 27-4021 27-4031 27-4032 27-4099 39-3021 39-3092 39-5091 41-3011 43-4121 43-9031 49-2097 49-9061 49-9063 49-9064 51-5011 51-5012 51-6051 51-6052 51-6092 51-7011 51-9071 51-9123 51-9151 51-9194

606,720

198,110

47,650

LA % of CA OC % of CA 71.8% 37.9% 77.8% 85.8% 79.0% 55.2% 28.7% 52.4% 87.8% 34.9% 34.9% 28.4% 28.4% 28.0% 20.5% 22.1% --40.4% --36.0% ----38.8% 42.0% 85.6% 22.3% 39.4% 29.9% 35.4% 26.9%

7.3% 5.8% --2.5% 1.8% 17.0% --34.1% 3.3% 10.6% 10.6% 8.1% 7.5% 12.0% ----------7.4% ------9.6% 5.9% 7.9% ----12.6% 17.9%

32.7%

7.9%

Source: California EDD LMID; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Notes: Notes: Current Employment Statistics and QCEW industry employment 1. Occupational employment projections include self-employed, 1. Occupational employment projections include self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, farm and nonfarm employment and Employment Statistics data unpaid family workers, private household workers, farm and 2. "na" Information is not available 3. Occupations with employment below 100 in 2010 are excluded

nonfarm employment 2. “na” Information is not available 3. Occupations with employment below 100 in 2010 areand excluded Source: California EDD LMID; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Employment Statistics and QCEW industry employment employment statistics data

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 32: TABLE Los Angeles-Orange County Comparison of Annual Median Wages by Creative Occupation, 2013 Occupational Title

Median Annual Wage 2013 ($) Orange SOC Code California LA County County

Management Occupations: Advertising and Promotions Managers Mark eting Managers Public Relations and Fundraising Managers Business and Financial Operations Occupations: Agents and Business Managers of Artists, etc.

Computer and Mathematical Occupations: Software Developers, Applications Software Developers, System Software Architecture and Engineering Occupations: Architects, Except Landscape and Naval Landscape Architects Architectural and Civil Drafters Education, Training and Library Operations: Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary Area, Ethnic and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary Art, Drama and Music Teachers, Postsecondary Communications Teachers, Postsecondary English Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary History Teachers, Postsecondary Archivists Curators Museum Technicians and Conservators Librarians Library Technicians Audio-Visual and Multimedia Collections Specialists Art, Design, Entertainment and Media Occupations: Art Directors Craft Artists Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors and Illustrators Multimedia Artists and Animators Artists and Related Work ers, All Other Commercial and Industrial Designers Fashion Designers Floral designers Graphic Designers Interior Designers Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers Set and Exhibit Designers Designers, All Other Actors Producers and Directors Dancers Choreographers Music Directors and Composers Musicians and Singers Radio and Television Announcers Public Address System and other Announcers Broadcast News Analysts Reporters and Correspondents Public Relations Specialists Editors Technical Writers Writers and Authors Media and Communication Work ers, All Other Audio and Video Equipment Technicians Broadcast Technicians Radio Operators

Wage Premium vs. CA LA

OC

11-2011 11-2021 11-2031

$109,680 $142,850 $100,140

$133,320 $129,190 $94,660

$102,450 $135,160 $113,140

21.6% -9.6% -5.5%

-6.6% -5.4% 13.0%

13-1011

$85,770

$89,750

$64,880

4.6%

-24.4%

15-1132 15-1133

$107,870 $117,040

$98,700 $114,980

$99,050 $111,170

-8.5% -1.8%

-8.2% -5.0%

17-1011 17-1012 17-3011

$85,940 $77,190 $56,150

$81,380 $76,590 $56,130

$86,070 $70,140 $55,980

-5.3% -0.8% 0.0%

0.2% -9.1% -0.3%

25-1031 25-1061 25-1062 25-1082 25-1121 25-1122 25-1123 25-1124 25-1125 25-4011 25-4012 25-4013 25-4021 25-4031 25-9011

$71,570 $86,050 $67,120 $95,270 $70,270 $82,990 $74,220 $68,450 $81,690 $51,000 $65,630 $44,060 $69,900 $40,880 $43,290

$66,590 $86,770 $75,160 $96,050 $70,320 $78,790 $73,140 $66,540 $74,910 $44,620 $65,350 $48,330 $71,350 $41,650 $46,520

$124,830 $103,490 $82,490 $125,940 * $128,330 $121,820 $118,990 $125,030 * $60,400 $42,770 $73,320 $43,670 $43,620

-7.0% 0.8% 12.0% 0.8% 0.1% -5.1% -1.5% -2.8% -8.3% -12.5% -0.4% 9.7% 2.1% 1.9% 7.5%

74.4% 20.3% 22.9% 32.2% --54.6% 64.1% 73.8% 53.1% ---8.0% -2.9% 4.9% 6.8% 0.8%

27-1011 27-1012 27-1013 27-1014 27-1019 27-1021 27-1022 27-1023 27-1024 27-1025 27-1026 27-1027 27-1029 27-2011 27-2012 27-2031 27-2032 27-2041 27-2042 27-3011 27-3012 27-3021 27-3022 27-3031 27-3041 27-3042 27-3043 27-3099 27-4011 27-4012 27-4013

$100,100 $53,410 $53,500 $81,290 $51,850 $64,350 $64,770 $28,520 $52,010 $57,790 $31,600 $49,580 $47,590 * $93,750 * $56,160 $56,260 * $35,610 $25,330 $73,320 $40,560 $62,860 $58,590 $80,710 $79,140 $48,370 $47,730 $41,700 *

$130,700 $64,080 $58,370 $84,290 $55,570 $52,810 $65,440 $28,020 $52,440 $56,760 $32,810 $55,170 $39,780 * $102,860 * * $63,560 * $37,710 * * $37,490 $63,840 $62,440 $74,520 $95,810 $48,680 $49,550 $42,830 *

$85,190 * * $72,290 * $73,050 $60,260 $31,090 $48,940 $58,600 $31,490 $42,260 $87,460 * $77,870 * $47,300 $55,960 * * * * $43,200 $60,170 $61,550 $74,810 $66,010 $46,850 $54,570 $25,910 *

30.6% 20.0% 9.1% 3.7% 7.2% -17.9% 1.0% -1.8% 0.8% -1.8% 3.8% 11.3% -16.4% --9.7% ----13.0% --5.9% -----7.6% 1.6% 6.6% -7.7% 21.1% 0.6% 3.8% 2.7% ---

-14.9% -----11.1% --13.5% -7.0% 9.0% -5.9% 1.4% -0.3% -14.8% 83.8% ---16.9% ---15.8% -0.5% --------6.5% -4.3% 5.1% -7.3% -16.6% -3.1% 14.3% -37.9% ---

Continued on next page Âť L.A. O.C.

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TABLE 32: Los Angeles-Orange County Comparison of Annual

Median Wages by Creative Occupation, 2013 Continued from previous page »

Occupational Title Sound Engineering Technicians Photographers Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Motion Picture Film and Video Editors Media and Communication Equipment Work ers, All Other Personal Care and Service Occupations: Motion Picture Projectionists Costume attendants Mak eup Artists, Theatrical and Performing Sales and Related Occupations: Advertising Sales Agents Office and Administrative Support Occupations: Library Assistants, Clerical Desk top Publishers Installation, Maintenance and Repair Occupations: Electronic Home Entertainment Equip. Installers and Repairers Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners Watch Repairers Production Occupations: Bindery Work ers Book binders Sewers, Hand Tailors, Dressmak ers, and Custom Sewers Fabric and Apparel Patternmak ers Cabinetmak ers and Bench Carpenters Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Work ers Painting, Coating and Decorating Work ers Photographic Process Work ers Etchers and Engravers

27-4014 27-4021 27-4031 27-4032 27-4099

Median Annual Wage 2013 ($) Orange LA County County $67,470 $73,060 $65,390 $38,520 $50,930 $43,600 $49,630 $49,290 $39,020 $78,660 $85,800 $31,190 $67,860 $67,240 $58,350

39-3021 39-3092 39-5091

$20,360 $30,000 $76,700

$21,660 $51,900 $83,630

41-3011

$51,570

43-4121 43-9031

SOC Code California

Wage Premium vs. CA LA

OC

8.3% 32.2% -0.7% 9.1% -0.9%

-3.1% 13.2% -21.4% -60.3% -14.0%

$18,720 $23,200 $35,240

6.4% 73.0% 9.0%

-8.1% -22.7% -54.1%

$54,520

$53,840

5.7%

4.4%

$29,820 $49,890

$23,600 $49,890

$33,800 $53,260

-20.9% 0.0%

13.3% 6.8%

49-2097 49-9061 49-9063 49-9064

$36,220 $44,340 $29,180 $42,800

$35,420 $44,810 $29,160 *

$36,230 * * $51,360

-2.2% 1.1% -0.1% ---

0.0% ----20.0%

51-5011 51-5012 51-6051 51-6052 51-6092 51-7011 51-9071 51-9123 51-9151 51-9194

* * $23,190 $28,740 $52,520 $32,730 $34,000 $30,870 $31,090 $29,050

* * $24,180 $27,350 $52,670 $37,940 $31,320 $27,110 $34,690 $32,160

* * $20,630 $28,510 $55,660 $32,020 $29,830 $31,920 $34,050 $28,630

----4.3% -4.8% 0.3% 15.9% -7.9% -12.2% 11.6% 10.7%

-----11.0% -0.8% 6.0% -2.2% -12.3% 3.4% 9.5% -1.4%

Source: Notes: Notes: California EDD LMID; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Employment Statistics and QCEW industry employmentunpaid1.family Occupational projections include self-employed, 1. Occupational employment projections include self-employed, workers,employment private household workers, farm and nonfarm employment and Employment data unpaid family workers, private household workers, farm and 2. "na" InformationStatistics is not available 3. Occupations with employment below 100 in 2010 are excluded nonfarm employment 2. “na” Information is not available Source: California EDD LMID; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Employment Statistics and QCEW industry employment and 3. Occupations with employment below 100 in 2010 are excluded employment statistics data

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TABLE Â 33: Los Angeles County Arts-Related Nonprofit Sector NTEE Code A01 A02 A03 A05 A11 A12 A19 A20 A23 A25 A26 A30 A31 A32 A33 A34 A40 A50 A51 A52 A54 A56 A57 A60 A61 A62 A63 A65 A68 A69 A6A A6B A6C A6E A70 A80 A84 A90 A99

Description

Alliance/advocacy organizations Management and technical assistance Professional societies, associations Research institutes and/or public policy analysis Single organization support Fund raising and/or fund distribution Nonmonetary support N.E.C.* Arts, cultural organizations - multipurpose Cultural, ethnic awareness Arts education Arts council/agency Media, communications organizations Film, video Television Printing, publishing Radio Visual arts organizations Museums, museum activities Art museums Children's museums History museums Natural history, natural science museums Science and technology museums Performing arts organizations Performing arts centers Dance Ballet Theater Music Symphony orchestras Opera Singing, choral Music groups, bands, ensembles Performing arts schools Humanities organizations Historical societies, related historical activities Commemorative events Arts service organizations and activities Arts culture and humanities N.E.C.*

*Not otherwise classified

Number of Organizations 9 3 9 2 35 29 9 197 295 112 18 34 123 18 38 11 52 62 49 2 51 4 10 117 22 103 16 283 153 39 25 59 34 23 65 123 15 12 68 2,329

Asset Amount ($1,000s) $1,301.1 0.0 311.2 1,260.4 414,501.3 395,148.3 1,257.5 142,174.7 451,896.7 254,375.3 14,931.8 6,081.6 150,796.5 50,296.6 11,470.4 39,005.4 8,528.2 186,929.5 2,006,236.4 50,265.4 965,568.0 9,674.0 115,487.3 21,079.2 89,368.5 5,569.2 796.9 137,093.4 29,388.3 226,098.0 64,411.1 6,376.0 1,106.9 336,580.7 23,106.6 77,456.3 7,233.0 872.6 18,753.4 $6,322,787.8

Income Amount ($1,000s) $5,201.4 25.6 218.2 40.3 139,779.1 11,471.6 3,334.1 35,412.7 220,714.5 295,811.1 10,204.6 8,036.4 146,711.1 30,518.1 7,741.2 27,105.5 7,368.1 51,845.1 283,993.8 6,987.4 305,212.4 1,537.5 65,566.6 14,259.3 53,983.1 6,213.9 4,312.2 118,523.6 31,292.8 141,851.4 57,414.4 9,567.7 1,860.4 234,897.1 17,580.3 20,931.8 1,260.7 725.7 7,942.2 $2,387,453.3

Form 990 Revenue Amount ($1,000s) $5,201.4 0.0 138.1 40.3 77,631.2 9,957.3 3,334.1 32,898.6 68,406.0 199,970.6 9,552.1 6,742.7 142,452.1 29,460.9 7,110.4 26,874.6 5,606.3 39,251.3 132,477.3 6,457.8 165,103.3 1,375.6 44,840.6 13,824.3 53,539.4 5,989.7 4,110.4 114,416.1 20,950.3 131,172.5 56,433.6 9,100.7 1,821.2 58,082.6 14,362.0 13,845.9 849.3 482.7 3,034.1 $1,516,897.6

* Not otherwise classified Source: IRS SOI Statistics Source: IRS SOI Statistics

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TABLE 34: Orange  County Arts-Related Nonprofit Sector NTEE Code A03 A11 A12 A20 A23 A25 A26 A30 A31 A32 A33 A34 A40 A50 A51 A52 A54 A57 A60 A61 A62 A63 A65 A68 A69 A6A A6B A6C A6E A70 A80 A84 A90 A99

Description

Professional societies, associations Single organization support Fund raising and/or fund distribution Arts, cultural organizations - multipurpose Cultural, ethnic awareness Arts education Arts council/agency Media, communications organizations Film, video Television Printing, publishing Radio Visual arts organizations Museums, museum activities Art museums Children's museums History museums Science and technology museums Performing arts organizations Performing arts centers Dance Ballet Theater Music Symphony orchestras Opera Singing, choral Music groups, bands, ensembles Performing arts schools Humanities organizations Historical societies, related historical activities Commemorative events Arts service organizations and activities Arts culture and humanities N.E.C.*

otherwiseclassified classified **Not Not otherwise Source:IRS IRSSOI SOIStatistics Statistics Source:

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Number of Asset Amount Organizations ($1,000s) 1 24.7 10 1,570.9 6 466.0 50 98,729.2 89 3,550.0 18 369.1 5 713.3 9 26.8 11 866.0 7 20,392.1 10 597.5 2 0.0 7 3,201.8 16 65,254.2 6 28,976.3 4 6,600.4 13 7,259.4 1 15,709.3 29 2,009.9 8 449,365.5 22 382.9 12 8,476.9 31 72,233.1 30 559.7 11 38,245.1 3 238.7 27 3,483.6 20 90.3 3 35.8 18 20,960.4 47 4,083.4 8 1,724.7 2 7.1 23 3,011.8 559 $859,215.8

www.otis.edu/otisreport

Income Amount ($1,000s) 22.5 674.0 1,038.4 35,267.9 2,306.8 1,178.7 814.2 100.0 3,487.8 13,751.8 506.4 0.0 475.8 32,358.6 8,555.0 4,230.8 3,067.7 60.0 2,422.8 93,151.0 692.7 5,894.2 23,769.7 1,585.5 29,873.2 698.8 4,900.6 660.8 167.3 13,389.3 2,609.8 803.1 4.5 1,393.9 $289,913.5

Form 990 Revenue Amount ($1,000s) 22.5 518.7 997.1 34,171.3 2,176.8 1,128.0 726.3 100.0 3,483.1 13,421.6 466.9 0.0 444.4 30,747.2 6,695.0 3,979.9 2,696.1 60.0 2,214.9 54,260.1 681.0 3,423.2 16,695.1 1,515.5 27,496.8 698.8 3,963.3 588.4 167.3 13,004.3 2,213.5 787.2 4.5 1,358.5 $230,907.1

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TABLE 35: Los Angles County K-12 Creative Course Enrollment By Sex Academic Year

Course Subject Area Art Arts, Media and Entertainment Building Trades and Construction Computer Education Consumer and Family Studies Dance Drama/Theater Engineering and Design English Fashion and Interior Design Fine and Performing Arts (IB) Information Technology Manufacturing and Product Development Marketing Sales and Service Music

Female 73,532 17,063 1,619 262 1,398 9,630 17,745 2,781 25,798 764 289 479 528 133 60,422

2012-13 Male 75,010 20,407 4,337 499 285 2,071 12,734 6,658 25,909 175 166 868 1,146 75 57,667

Total 148,542 37,470 5,956 761 1,683 11,701 30,479 9,439 51,707 939 455 1,347 1,674 208 118,089

Female 72,326 16,305 1,114 343 1,641 10,260 18,048 2,573 27,092 1,008 236 560 563 251 67,026

2011-12 Male 73,738 20,117 3,691 668 286 2,848 12,795 6,260 26,591 266 179 825 1,276 134 63,768

Total 146,064 36,422 4,805 1,011 1,927 13,108 30,843 8,833 53,683 1,274 415 1,385 1,839 385 130,794

Female 79,573 10,532 1,514 342 1,648 8,286 19,476 1,311 27,448 866 217 319 518 157 60,540

2010-11 Male 81,478 12,291 3,692 771 324 2,284 14,630 3,875 26,854 152 184 568 1,126 83 60,671

Total 161,051 22,823 5,206 1,113 1,972 10,570 34,106 5,186 54,302 1,018 401 887 1,644 240 121,211

Female 72,261 10,493 1,098 983 1,947 10,535 18,788 1,415 25,912 1,143 257 --664 21 58,342

2008-09 Male 75,312 13,364 4,526 1,638 254 2,638 14,195 3,550 24,557 211 154 --1,741 16 58,749

Creative Courses Totals: All Courses Totals:

212,443 2,251,156

208,007 2,367,010

420,450 4,618,166

219,346 2,886,439

213,442 3,013,782

432,788 5,900,221

212,747 2,811,087

208,983 2,934,769

421,730 5,745,856

203,859 2,818,677

200,905 2,954,861

Total 147,573 23,857 5,624 2,621 2,201 13,173 32,983 4,965 50,469 1,354 411 0 2,405 37 117,091 0 404,764 5,773,538

Female 77,314 2,522 2,118 654 2,136 12,981 18,902 1,285 30,915 1,321 207 --2,954 8 58,686

2007-08 Male 81,714 2,759 6,887 1,371 260 2,307 13,867 3,374 29,018 166 110 --4,992 2 58,016

212,003 2,841,674

204,843 2,972,049

Total 159,028 5,281 9,005 2,025 2,396 15,288 32,769 4,659 59,933 1,487 317 0 7,946 10 116,702 0 416,846 5,813,723

of Education, DataQuest

2. Since this data is collected on a single day in Fall, courses that are only offered later in the year will not be included on Notes: Notes: this report.

1. Course enrollments include only the number of K-12 public students enrolled in the class on "Information Day," a Wednesday in early October of the school year indicated.

1. Course enrollments include theoffered number public 2. Since this data is collected on a single day in Fall, courses thatonly are only later inof theK-12 year will not be included on report.

3. this Keep in mind that the course enrollment totals may be 3. Keep in mind that thestudents course enrollment totals may be duplicating counts of students (a single student may be enrolled in more than our "Creative" course) and should not enrolled in the class on “Information Day,” a duplicating counts of students (a single student may be enrolled be mistaken as official enrollment.

Wednesday in early October of the school year indicated. in more than our “Creative” course) and should not be mistaken as official enrollment.

Source: California Department Source: California Department of Education, DataQuest

TABLE 36: Los Angeles County K-12 Creative Courses Meeting UC/CSU Requirements Course Subject Area

Academic Year 2012-13

2011-12

Art Arts, Media and Entertainment Building Trades and Construction Computer Education Consumer and Family Studies Dance Drama/Theater Engineering and Design English Fashion and Interior Design Fine and Performing Arts (IB) Information Technology Manufacturing and Product Development Marketing Sales and Service Music

#Classes 6,210 1,391 217 35 62 397 1,104 346 2,417 44 22 46 61 15 3,592

#Classes Meeting UC/CSU Req'ts 3,856 638 5 2 0 154 631 133 1,621 5 21 4 25 0 1,528

Creative Courses Totals: All Courses Totals:

15,959 190,385

8,623 88,238

2010-11

#Classes 6,503 1,350 183 45 74 438 1,134 335 2,190 64 17 55 69 19 3,980

#Classes Meeting UC/CSU Req'ts 3,629 504 11 2 2 161 645 114 1,369 6 16 1 35 0 1,492

16,456 249,599

7,987 78,969

2008-09

#Classes 6,339 762 175 53 75 345 1,172 208 2,149 53 19 29 61 8 3,550

#Classes Meeting UC/CSU Req'ts 3,772 404 2 4 0 157 720 65 1,485 4 12 6 40 0 1,447

14,998 230,819

8,118 71,124

2007-08

#Classes 4,980 836 206 101 88 389 1,170 193 2,028 50 19 --86 1 3,462

#Classes Meeting UC/CSU Req'ts 3,358 547 0 0 8 130 729 15 1,195 4 19 --58 1 1,394

#Classes 5,390 167 326 80 92 437 1,148 169 2,338 58 17 --283 1 3,517

#Classes Meeting UC/CSU Req'ts 3,682 90 2 0 7 176 705 0 1,500 3 15 --161 0 1,388

13,609 234,061

7,458 70,645

14,023 234,609

7,729 70,979

Source: California Department of Education, DataQuest

2. Since this data is collected on a single day in Fall, courses that are only offered later in the year will not be included on Notes: Notes: this report.

1. Course enrollments1.include only the number ofinclude K-12 public students enrolled in class on "Information Day," a Wednesday in early October of the school year indicated.

Course enrollments only the number ofthe K-12 public 3. Keep in mind that the course enrollment totals may be 2. Since this data is collected on a single day in Fall, courses that are only offered later in the year will not be included on this report. students enrolled in the class on “Information Day,” a duplicating students (a single may 3. Keep in mind that the course enrollment totals may be duplicating counts of students (a single student may be enrolledcounts in more of than our "Creative" course)student and should not be enrolled Wednesday be mistaken as official enrollment.in early October of the school year indicated. in more than our “Creative” course) and should not be mistaken as official enrollment.

Source: California Department of Education, DataQuest

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TABLE 37: Los Angeles County K-12 Creative Courses Teachers and Class Size Academic Year Course Subject Area

2012-13 2011-12 2010-11 2008-09 2007-08 #FTE Teachers Ave Class Size #FTE Teachers Ave Class Size #FTE Teachers Ave Class Size #FTE Teachers Ave Class Size #FTE Teachers Ave Class Size

Art

935

27

890

25

1,061

25

966

27.7

1,031

Arts, Media and Entertainment

239

25

221

26

160

26

170

27.8

34

27

39

28

32

28

37

28

41

26.1

64

20

Building Trades and Construction Computer Education

28

5

21

8

23

10

21

20

26.0

15

25

Consumer and Family Studies

11

25

12

29

14

25

18

26.6

19

29

Dance

66

27

70

26

78

26

76

31.2

84

33

201

28

194

27

236

25

236

25.7

225

26

58

26

55

26

38

25

37

23.0

34

28 26

Drama/Theater Engineering and Design

373

25

378

25

405

26

392

24.6

463

Fashion and Interior Design

English

7

21

8

22

11

17

10

27.5

12

25

Fine and Performing Arts (IB)

5

20

3

22

3

20

3

21.0

3

18

Information Technology

10

30

9

25

6

28

---

---

---

---

Manufacturing and Product Development

10

27

12

25

12

28

16

29.8

57

28

Marketing Sales and Service Music Creative Courses Totals: All Courses Totals:

2

13

2

17

2

30

0

37.0

0

10

694

28

719

26

704

25

697

26.5

710

25

2,654

25

2,614

25

2,776

25

2,683

25

2,750

23

32,098

23

65,849

23

71,512

24

77,716

26

78,559

26

Source: California Department of Education, DataQuest Source: California Department of Education, DataQuest

2. Since this data is collected on a single day in Fall, courses that are only offered later in the year will not be included on this Notes: Notes: report.

1. Course Course enrollments include only the number K-12number public students enrolled in the class on "Information Day," a Wednesday in early October of the school year indicated.

1. enrollments include onlyofthe of K-12 public 3. Keep in mind that the course enrollment totals may be 2. Since this data is collected on a single day in Fall, courses that are only offered later in the year will not be included on this report. students enrolled in the class on “Information Day,” a students (a single student maynotbe enrolled 3. Keep in mind that the course enrollment totals may be duplicating counts of students (a singleduplicating student may becounts enrolled inof more than our "Creative" course) and should Wednesday inofficial earlyenrollment.

October of the school year indicated. be mistaken as in more than our “Creative” course) and should not be mistaken as official enrollment.

TABLE 38: Orange County K-12 Creative Course Enrollment by Sex Course Subject Area Art Arts, Media and Entertainment Building Trades and Construction Computer Education Consumer and Family Studies Dance Drama/Theater Engineering and Design English Fashion and Interior Design Fine and Performing Arts (IB) Information Technology Manufacturing and Product Development Marketing Sales and Service Music Creative Courses Totals: All Courses Totals:

Academic Year Female 21,696 8,421 157 55 152 5,072 5,706 335 3,106 460 135 144 62 161 23,597

2012-13 Male 22,289 10,674 662 147 24 439 3,829 1,528 1,979 93 135 262 184 124 21,602

Total 43,985 19,095 819 202 176 5,511 9,535 1,863 5,085 553 270 406 246 285 45,199

Female 20,678 8,318 163 74 230 5,812 6,089 252 8,711 487 102 94 92 180 28,016

2011-12 Male 20,981 9,601 917 231 22 612 4,229 1,305 7,955 85 23 193 164 122 26,158

Total 41,659 17,919 1,080 305 252 6,424 10,318 1,557 16,666 572 125 287 256 302 54,174

Female 22,817 6,357 101 5,916 158 5,205 6,307 121 8,919 390 65 101 92 --23,403

2010-11 Male 23,474 7,261 651 7,415 33 363 4,763 594 7,930 84 47 160 138 --22,811

Total 46,291 13,618 752 13,331 191 5,568 11,070 715 16,849 474 112 261 230 0 46,214

Female 23,274 2,062 478 250 486 3,105 6,374 92 2,934 162 64 --6 --22,222

2008-09 Male 24,539 2,945 1,776 467 78 110 4,557 453 2,037 15 60 --90 --21,144

Total 47,813 5,007 2,254 717 564 3,215 10,931 545 4,971 177 124 0 96 0 43,366

Female 23,107 1,064 448 213 524 2,981 6,621 67 4,072 132 78 --1,474 84 22,620

2007-08 Male 25,077 1,318 1,894 461 148 81 4,924 462 2,792 24 40 --2,109 36 20,778

69,259 726,948

63,971 758,828

133,230 1,485,776

79,298 905,009

72,598 942,460

151,896 1,847,469

79,952 902,280

75,724 940,338

155,676 1,842,618

61,509 883,709

58,271 925,752

119,780 1,809,461

63,485 887,469

60,144 934,477

Source: California Department of Education, DataQuest Source: California Department of Education, DataQuest Notes: 1. Course enrollments include only the number of K-12 public students enrolled in the class on “Information Day,” a Wednesday in early October of the school year indicated.

2. Since this data is collected on a single day in Fall, courses that are only offered later in the year will not be included on this report.

3. Keep in mind that the course enrollment totals may be duplicating counts of students (a single student may be enrolled in more than our “Creative” course) and should not be mistaken as official enrollment.

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Notes: 1. Course enrollments include only the number of K-12 public students enrolled in the class on "Information Day," a Wednesday in early October of the school year indicated.

2. Since this data is collected on a single day in Fall, courses that are only offered later in the year will not be included on this report.

3. Keep in mind that the course enrollment totals may be duplicating counts of students (a single student may be enrolled in more than our "Creative" course) and should not be mistaken as official enrollment.

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Total 48,184 2,382 2,342 674 672 3,062 11,545 529 6,864 156 118 0 3,583 120 43,398 0 123,629 1,821,946

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TABLE 39: Orange County K-12 Creative Courses Meeting UC/CSU Requirements Course Subject Area

Art Arts, Media and Entertainment Building Trades and Construction Computer Education Consumer and Family Studies Dance Drama/Theater Engineering and Design English Fashion and Interior Design Fine and Performing Arts (IB) Information Technology Manufacturing and Product Development Marketing Sales and Service Music Creative Courses Totals: All Courses Totals:

Academic Year 2012-13

2011-12

#Classes 1,508 666 34 7 8 174 328 77 191 22 12 13 12 17 1,238

#Classes Meeting UC/CSU Req'ts 1,039 437 0 0 0 109 169 22 100 2 12 0 1 0 548

4,307 48,225

2,439 23,079

2010-11

#Classes 1,552 686 37 12 14 192 335 61 592 24 11 9 11 12 1,603

#Classes Meeting UC/CSU Req'ts 1,017 399 0 0 0 126 173 19 125 2 7 0 0 0 639

5,151 62,970

2,507 22,350

Source: California Department Education, DataQuest Source: California Department of Education,of DataQuest

2008-09

#Classes 1,464 471 29 308 9 179 366 31 584 17 10 8 8 --1,242

#Classes Meeting UC/CSU Req'ts 1,022 288 0 17 0 122 188 5 102 0 10 0 5 --553

4,726 61,199

2,312 22,282

2007-08

#Classes 1,701 182 94 23 22 114 380 24 195 5 8 --5 --1,250

#Classes Meeting UC/CSU Req'ts 989 88 0 0 0 69 200 0 101 0 8 --0 --534

#Classes 1,780 93 102 23 24 112 420 24 264 5 10 --128 4 1,254

#Classes Meeting UC/CSU Req'ts 1,109 56 0 0 0 70 218 0 154 0 10 --54 4 568

4,003 65,383

1,989 21,727

4,243 69,118

2,243 22,040

2. Since this data is collected on a single day in Fall, courses that are only offered later in the year will not be included on this

Notes: Notes: report. Day," a Wednesday in early October of the school year indicated.

1. Course enrollments include only the number of K-12 public students enrolled in the class on "Information 1. include number publiclater in the year 2. Course Since this enrollments data is collected on a single only day in the Fall, courses thatof areK-12 only offered not be on thisthe report.

3. will Keep in included mind that course enrollment totals may be 3. Keep in mind that the course enrollment totals may be duplicating counts of students (a single student may be enrolled in more than our "Creative" course) and should not students enrolled in the class on “Information Day,” a duplicating counts of students (a single student may be enrolled be mistaken as official enrollment.

Wednesday in early October of the school year indicated.

in more than our “Creative” course) and should not be mistaken as official enrollment.

TABLE 40: Orange County K-12 Creative Courses Teachers and Class Size Academic Year Course Subject Area

2012-13 2011-12 2010-11 2008-09 2007-08 #FTE Teachers Ave Class Size #FTE Teachers Ave Class Size #FTE Teachers Ave Class Size #FTE Teachers Ave Class Size #FTE Teachers Ave Class Size

Art

271

28

276

28

256

30

289

27

290

26

Arts, Media and Entertainment

104

28

99

26

84

27

36

28

16

26

Building Trades and Construction

5

24

5

23

5

26

17

25

17

27

Computer Education

1

28

2

25

56

28

4

31

4

29

Consumer and Family Studies

1

23

2

18

2

20

4

27

4

28

Dance

29

27

32

26

31

25

17

25

17

25

Drama/Theater

61

26

66

30

69

29

70

28

72

28 24

Engineering and Design

10

21

6

23

6

26

5

19

5

English

36

27

98

28

98

29

37

27

45

26

Fashion and Interior Design

4

27

4

28

3

28

1

35

1

31

Fine and Performing Arts (IB)

2

26

2

9

2

12

1

17

2

13

Information Technology

2

31

1

32

2

33

---

---

---

---

Manufacturing and Product Development

1

15

1

29

2

27

1

19

24

29

0

16

0

25

---

---

---

---

1

30

228

30

320

26

232

28

231

28

216

27

Marketing Sales and Service Music Creative Courses Totals: All Courses Totals:

755

25

914

25

847

25

714

22

713

26

9,070

26

19,037

28

19,059

29

21,750

27

21,913

26

Source: California Department of Education, DataQuest Source: California Department of Education, DataQuest

2. Since this data is collected on a single day in Fall, courses that are only offered later in the year will not be included on Notes: Notes: this report.

1. Course Course enrollments include only the number K-12number public students enrolled in the class on "Information Day," a Wednesday in early October of the school year indicated.

1. enrollments include onlyofthe of K-12 public 3. Keep in mind that the course enrollment totals may be 2. Since this data is collected on a single day in Fall, courses that are only offered later in the year will not be included on this report. students enrolled in the class on “Information Day,” a duplicating counts students singlecourse) student may be 3. Keep in mind that the course enrollment totals may be duplicating counts of students (a single student may be enrolled of in more than our(a "Creative" and should not enrolled Wednesday inofficial earlyenrollment.

October of the school year indicated. be mistaken as in more than our “Creative” course) and should not be mistaken as official enrollment.

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TABLE 41: K-12 Creative Subject Areas and Courses Column1 Art Advertising design AP Art History AP Studio art: drawing AP Studio art: three dimensional AP Studio art: two dimensional Art appreciation (elem sch std) Art appreciation (sec sch std) Art history Ceramics Ceramics (Beginning and Advanced) Cinematography/Artistic Videos (Begin or Adv) Crafts Design Digital Art/Computer Art/Artistic Graphics Drawing Fashion design Fibers and textiles Fundamentals of Art (elem sch std) Fundamentals of Art (sec sch std) Jewelry Lettering/calligraphy Multicultural art/folk art Multi-topic class Other art course Painting Photography (beginning or advanced) Printmaking Sculpture Arts, Media, and Entertainment Animation Arts management Broadcast production Broadcasting technology Choreography Cinematography Cinematography/Artistic videos (Begin or Adv) Commercial art Commercial photography Computer gaming and design Computer graphics and media technology Desktop publishing Digital animation Film-making Graphic arts technology Graphic communications Integrated graphics technology Internet publishing Media/film/video television production Multimedia production Multi-topic class Other arts, media, and entertainment Photo production and technology Photographic laboratory and darkroom Photography, lithography and plate making Professional theater/play production Radio announcing apprenticeship Radio presentation techniques Radio production

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Column2 Set design and construction Stage production Stage technology Technical theater Television production Three-dimensional design Two-dimensional design Video production Building Trades and Construction Cabinetmaking and wood products Furniture making Millwork and cabinetmaking Woodworking Computer Education Web design Consumer and Family Studies Apparel design and construction Clothing and textiles Fashion textiles and apparel Housing and furnishings Dance Advanced dance study (independent or studio) Ballet, modern, jazz, world dance Dance choreography and production Dance, movement & rhythmic fund. (elem sch std) Dance, movement, & rhythmic fund. (sec sch std) Folk/traditional dance Multi-topic class Other dance course Drama/Theater Advanced Theater Drama/creative dramatics History/appreciation of theater arts/film History/appreciation of drama/theater arts History/appreciation of theatre/film/video/med Media/film/video/television production Multi-topic class Other drama/theater course Professional theater Technical theater Technical theater/stagecraft Theatre /play production (sec sch std) Theatre/creative dramatics (elem sch std) Engineering and Design Applied engineering and design communications Architectural and structural engineering Blueprint reading Civil/structural drafting Computer-aided drafting/design Drafting occupations Electrical/electronic drafting Engineering and design drafting Engineering design Exploring engineering and design, level 1 Exploring engineering and design, level 2

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Column3 Other engineering and design Other visual communications, drafting course Principles of engineering and design technology Technical drafting Technical Illustration English Advanced composition Composition Journalism Fashion and Interior Design Apparel design and construction Apparel manufacturing, production and maint.

Fashion and textile design Fashion merchandising Fibers and textiles Interior design, furnishings, and maintenance Other fashion and interior design Fine and Performing Arts IB Art/design IB Music IB Theater arts Information Technology Computer graphics and media technology Web site development Manufacturing and Product Development Architectural drafting Exploring manufacturing and design, level 1 Exploring manufacturing and design, level 2 Jewelry design, fabrication and repair Principles of manufacturing and design tech Silk screen making and printing Marketing Sales and Services Floristry Music AP Music theory Band Chorus/choir Chorus/choir/vocal ensemble Composition/songwriting Computers and electronics/digital music Gen/classroom/exploratory music (elem sch std) Gen/exploratory/intro to music (sec school std) Instrumental ensemble Instrumental music lessons (elem sch std) Instrumental music lessons (sec sch std) Multi-topic class Music appreciation/history/literature Music notation Music theory Musical theater Orchestra/symphony Other music course Professional music composition and arrangement Voice class

Â

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INDEX OF TABLES Table 1: Table 2: Table 3: Table 4: Table 5: Table 6: Table 7: Table 8: Table 9: Table 10: Table 11: Table 12: Table 13: Table 14: Table 15: Table 16: Table 17: Table 18: Table 19: Table 20: Table 21: Table 22: Table 23: Table 24: Table 25: Table 26: Table 27: Table 28: Table 29: Table 30: Table 31: Table 32: Table 33: Table 34: Table 35: Table 36: Table 37: Table 38: Table 39: Table 40: Table 41:

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Employment Impact of the Creative Industries, 2013 Economic Contribution of the Creative Industries, 2013 Ratio of Self-Employed Individuals to Salaried Employees by Sector, 2012 Comparative growth Rates of Salaried Employees to Self-Employed Individuals, 2012 Number of Nonemployer Firms for the Creative Industries, 2007-2012 Revenues of Nonemployer Firms of the Creative Industries, 2007-2012 Employment and Earnings for Selected Creative Occupations, 2012 vs. 2013 Los Angeles County Employment Forecast Orange County Employment Forecast Economic Contribution of the Architecture and Interior Design Industry, 2013 Economic Contribution of Art Galleries, 2013 Economic Contribution of the Communication Arts Industry, 2013 Economic Contribution of the Digital Media Industry, 2013 Economic Contribution of the Entertainment Industry, 2013 Economic Contribution of the Fashion Industry, 2013 Economic Contribution of the Furniture and Decorative Arts Industry, 2013 Economic Contribution of the Product and Industrial Design Industry, 2013 Economic Contribution of the Publishing and Printing Industry, 2013 Economic Contribution of the Toy Industry, 2013 Economic Contribution of the Visual and Performing Arts Industry, 2013 Comparison Nonprofit Sector Figures Reported in 2013 Otis Report vs. 2014 Arts-Related Nonprofits and Regional Shares, 2014 Economic Contribution of the Creative Industries, Los Angeles County, 2013 Economic Contribution of the Creative Industries, Orange County, 2013 Creative Industries Employment, Los Angeles County, 2008-2013 Los Angeles County Creative Industries Employment YTY Comparisons, 2008-2013 Creative Industries Employment, Orange County, 2008-2013 Orange County Creative Industries Employment YTY Comparisons, 2008-2013 Los Angeles County Employment by Creative Occupation, 2008-2013 Orange County Employment by Creative Occupation, 2008-2013 Los Angeles-Orange County Shares of California Employment by Creative Occupation Los Angeles-Orange County Comparison of Annual Median Wages by Creative Occupation Los Angeles County Arts-Related Nonprofit Sector Orange County Arts-Related Nonprofit Sector Los Angeles County K-12 Creative Course Enrollment by Sex Los Angeles County K-12 Creative Courses meeting UC/CSU Requirements Los Angeles County K-12 Creative Courses Teachers and Class Size Orange County K-12 Creative Course Enrollment by Sex Orange County K-12 Creative Courses meeting UC/CSU Requirements Orange County K-12 Creative Courses Teachers and Class Size K-12 Creative Subject Areas and Courses

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20 23 29 29 30 31 36 42 42 44 47 48 49 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 61 61 74 74 75 76 77 78 79-80 81-82 83-84 85-86 87 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92

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SOURCES Catterall, James, et al (2012). The Arts and Achievement in At-Risk Your: Findings from Four Longitudinal Studies. National Endowment for the Arts.

Markusen, Ann (2007). Targeting Occupations in the Regional and Community Economic Development. Journal of the American Planning Association, 70:3; 253-268.

Markusen, Ann et al (2013). Spatial Divisions of Labor: How Key Worker Profiles Vary for the Same Industry in Different Regions. In Phil McCann, Geoff Hewings, and Frank Giarattani’s Handbook of Economic Geography and Industry Studies (Edward Elgar, forthcoming 2013).

Markusen, Ann et al (2008). Defining the Creative Economy: Industry and Occupation Approaches. Economic Development Quarterly, 22; 24-45

Andreasen, Nancy. “Secrets of the Creative Brain, The Atlantic; Web. June 25, 2014 Deresiewicz, William. “The Death of the Artists – and the Birth of the Creative Entrepreneur” The Atlantic; Web. December 30, 2014 Florida, Richard. “The Real Reason Creative Workers are Good for the Economy” The Atlantic Cities; Web. September 13, 2013 Florida, Richard. “Creatives and the Crisis” The Atlantic Cities; Web. October 22, 2013 Karabell, Zachary. “The Lady Gaga Fix: How the U.S. is Rethinking GDP for the 21st Century” The Atlantic Monthly; Web. May 31, 2013 Obermayer, Arthur. “Isaac Asimov Asks, “How Do People Get New Ideas?”, MIT Technology Review; Web. October 20, 2014.

Yglesias, Matthew. “America is Exactly 3 Percent Richer Than We Thought” Slate.com; Web. April 25, 2013

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Americans for the Arts: http://www.americansforthearts.org/ California Alliance for Arts Education: http://www.artsed411.org/ California Arts Council: http://www.arts.ca.gov

The Role of the Innovation Workforce & Creative Sector in the Texas Economy; Texas Cultural Trust (TXP, Inc.); January 2009 The State of Colorado’s Creative Economy; Alliance for Creative Advantage (Regional Technology Strategies); December 2008 Printing and Publishing in California; Chancellor’s Office California Community Colleges, Economic and Workforce Development Program (2010)

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