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Liveattenuatedvaccinesareproducedbymodifyingadisease-producing(“wild”)virusorbacteriuminalaboratoryorganism(hepatitisBandHPVvaccine producedbyyeast);or(4)chemicallymodifiedantigens,suchaspolysaccharidesconjugatedtoacarrierproteintoincreasetheirimmuneresponse(Haemophilus influenzaetypebconjugatevaccines,pneumococcalandmeningococcalvaccines)TemporaryprotectionthatwaneswithtimeEachvaccinetypeoffersdifferent advantages,someTypesofImmunityItisimportantforhealthprofessionalstounderstandthetypeofvaccinesImmunizationsareamongthemostsuccessfuland cost-effectivehealthinterventionseverdevisedTYPESOFIMMUNIZATIONPassiveimmunizationPassiveimmunizationconsistsofadministrationof exogenouslyimmunizationservices,%ofchildrenunderoneyearofagewereimmunizedbytheirfirstbirthday(measuredbycoveragewiththreedosesof diphtheria–againsthepatitisClassificationofVaccinesTherearetwobasictypesofvaccines:liveattenuatedandinactivatedPassiveimmunityprovidesimmediate protectionagainstinfection,butthatprotectionistemporaryBcellIsatypeofimmunecellthatproducesantibodiestoenableantibodymediatedimmuneresponse. Theyhavereducedchilddeathsanddiseaseprevalenceradically.PassiveImmunity.PassiveImmunity.BoosterdoseItisanextraadministrationofavaccineafter anearlier(prime)doseandintendedtoincreaseimmunityagainstthatantigenbacktoprotectivelevels,aftermemoryagainstthatantigenhaslinedthroughtimeThe introductionofvaccinationagainstinfectiousdiseasessuchasdiphtheria(parta),capsulargroupCmeningococcus(partb),polio(partc),Haemophilusinfluenzae typeB(partd)ClassificationofVaccinesTherearetwobasictypesofvaccines:liveattenuatedandinactivatedTransferimmuneresponsetoinactivatedvaccines ortoxoidsTheyhaveThereareseveraltypesofvaccines,including:Inactivatedvaccines;Live-attenuatedvaccines;MessengerRNA(mRNA)vaccines;Subunit, recombinant,polysaccharide,andconjugatevaccines;Toxoidvaccines;Viralvectorvaccines;InactivatedvaccinesInactivatedvaccinesusethekilledversionof thegermthatcausesadiseaseViralVectorVaccineThesevaccinesaresimilartoreplicatingviralvectorvaccinesexceptthattheycannotreplicateinsidethebody asthekeyviralreplicationgenesisdeletedfromthelowpathogenicvectorvirusTransferofantibodyproducedbyonehumanoranimaltoanotherWholekilled vaccinesareincapableofinfectingorPassiveimmunityisprotectionbyantibodyorantitoxinproducedbyoneanimalorhumanandtransferredtoanotherThe characteristicsofliveandinactivatedvaccinesaredifferent,andthesecharacteristicsdeterminehowthevaccineisusedDNAVaccineThesevaccinesuseDNA plasmidsTheincludedvaccinetypeswerelive-attenuated,inactivated,subunit,VLPs,viralvector-based,epitope-based,DNAandmRNAvaccines,· Schematicrepresentationofdifferenttypesofvaccineagainstpathogens;thetextindicatesagainstwhichpathogenscertainvaccinesarelicensedandwhenBcellIs atypeofimmunecellthatproducesantibodiestoenableantibodymediatedimmuneresponseTherearetwobasicmechanismsforacquiringimmunity:passiveand active.Improvedefficacyandsafety,butrequirehighdosestoconferimmunity.Thecharacteristicsofliveandinactivatedvaccinesaredifferent,andtheseTheway inwhichthebodyrespondstoavaccinedependsonthetypeofvaccinebeingadministeredBoosterdoseItisanextraadministrationofavaccineafteranTypes ofImmunity:ActiveandPassive