Building Material Mall, One Stop Solution for Building Materials, Hyderabad

Building Material Mall One Stop Solution For Building Materials Hyderabad, Telangana by

Omprakash Yemul, 2021

A thesis presented to Sri Sri University in partial fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Architecture Learn lead serve

Under the Guidance of: Ar. Anisa Azharunnisa

C

Omprakash Yemul, July

Cuttack, Odisha, India 2021

RECOMMENDATION This is to certify that this thesis report is submitted by Yemul Omprakash Vilas, FOA/BAR/2016-21/000050, student of B.Arch. 5th year SRI SRI UNIVERSITY, CUTTACK, Session: 2020-21, may be accepted a requirement for the partial fulfillment of the Degree of Bachelor of Architecture.

Originality of information and opinion expressed in this dissertation are of the Author and do not necessarily reflect those of the Guide or the Coordinator or the Institute.

Date: 22/07/2021 Place: Sri Sri University

Guide: Ar. Anisa Azharunnisa

Co-Guide: Ar. Proma Sarkar Studio Team (construction/structures etc.): Er. R.K. Raja Thesis Coordinator: Rupal Shah

Dean & HOD: Prof. Sreelakshmi Swamy

Examined on 17/07/2021 External Examiners:

_______________

_______________

Ar. Nishant Manapure

Ar. Amol Choudhary

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I, Yemul Omprakash Vilas, the author of the thesis titled ‘‘Building Material Mall’’ hereby declare that this is an independent work of mine carried out towards partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Bachelor of Architecture degree by SRI SRI UNIVERSITY, India.

This work has not been submitted or is being submitted to any other institution for the award of any degree/diploma.

This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners.

I also certify that the thesis report has been written by me. Any help received in undertaking this research and preparing the thesis submission has been duly acknowledged. All views and opinions expressed in this thesis report are mine, and do not necessarily represent those of the institute. I also understand that any part(s) (eg. conceptual ideas, empirical findings, data etc.) of this study work that are not mine, if not duly acknowledged, constitutes plagiarism.

I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public.

Name: Omprakash Yemul Signature:

Date: 22/07/2021 Place: Sri Sri University

Examined on 17/07/2021 External Examiners:

_______________

_______________

Ar. Nishant Manapure

Ar. Amol Choudhary

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to express my special thank gratitude to my parents for their love and support throughout my life, always supporting me to reach the highest possible limits and chase my dreams in the right way. My brother and friends also deserve my wholehearted thanks as well.

In a present world of competition, there is a race of existence and as well as caring about oneself rather than others, there are these teachers who are selflessly serving for the betterment of society & students without expecting anything in return. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to Ar. Anisa Azharunnisa for always believing in me and guiding me towards the completion of my thesis. She always kept me anchored beyond my limits and made me believe in myself to bring the best in me. At some points, it seemed almost impossible for me to complete this thesis project due to the difficulties which I faced for the non-availability of data and. I couldn’t have done it without her guidance and constant support. The entire semester has been with ups and downs for me but she was the only person who believed me and showed the way towards my goal. I am so grateful to have worked under her guidance for my thesis project.

This thesis would not have the spirit that it does without the crucial support of the Faculty of Architecture, Sri Sri University. Their scholarly inputs, consistent encouragement to take up this project, and firm belief in me have been a gratifying experience throughout this thesis project. They always ensured that they are available for me to clarify my doubts despite their busy schedules and online classes along with managing their household duties in the unfortunate COVID-19 pandemic situation.

TABLE OF CONTENTS  ABSTRACT  LIST OF FIGURES 1. FIGURES 2. TABLES 3. GRAPHS

 CHAPTER 1.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND 1. INTRODUCTION 2. JUSTIFICATION

 CHAPTER 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW  CHAPTER 3.0 RESEARCH AND METHODOLOGY  CHAPTER 4.0 CASE STUDIES ANALYSIS  CHAPTER 5.0 PROJECT FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMME  CHAPTER 6.0 RELEVANT LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS  CHAPTER 7.0 PASSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNIQUES  CHAPTER 8.0 DESIGN BRIEF  CHAPTER 9.0 PROPOSED DESIGN INTERVENTION  BIBLIOGRAPHY  APPENDIX 1. CONSTRUCTION HANDBOOK 2. CRITICAL APPRAISAL

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ABSTRACT Building Material Mall is a mall acting as a One Stop Solution for Building Materials and Interior needs catering to all projects exclusively. This project is taken up to understand the current market scenario of building material & propose the best fitting solution for it. This will be a unique solution for all your building needs, ranging from digital medium consultation to on-site execution. A single place for all types of building materials ranging from Civil to the Digital Screen for your home theatre. Additionally, planning to create a space where people can come, interact, collaborate, get expert advice and grab a snack while they do their shopping.

Building Material Mall will be an amalgamation of a Shopping mall and other spaces such as a Food Court, Product Showcase Area, and an Exhibition Hall/Auditorium which can act as an experience and marketing center for newly launched products. This kind of concept already exists overseas up to a certain extent but it will be a new & unique concept in India.

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CHAPTER 1.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 SITE JUSTIFICATION

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1.1

INTRODUCTION

Everyone on this planet needs shelter for a comfortable and convenient life. From ancient times itself, it is an uppermost priority. So while construction, most of the time the common problem which arises is the inadequacy of shops or materials at single place. Due to this, users have to travel multiple places which unnecessarily causes time consumption & travel expenses. At the end of the day, even after going through multiple shops for getting the right selection of materials while experiencing exhaustion due to the travel leads to an unsatisfactory, disappointing feel. Sometimes clients go for the selection of materials along with the Architects and other consultants, which leads to the unnecessary time consumption of Architects & other consultants where every minute is so precious. On top of this even if you get all the materials but from differentdifferent places, coordination and keeping up with them makes it more difficult.

To overcome all the circumstances, I am proposing a space/building which will be a solution to all the problems and which will be known as “Building Material Mall”. This building will have all the things from sand to the screen which will be needed for the building construction which gives users the freedom of choosing from a wide range of varieties and brands under the roof with the benefit of comparing prices instantly.

This is an attempt to make the construction industry more organized and integrated along with the Product Showcase Area and an Exhibition Hall/Auditorium acting as a medium to create awareness of newly launched materials and innovations in the industry.

1.2

JUSTIFICATION FOR SITE IN HYDERABAD

Hyderabad is known as “The City of Pearls” is the capital and largest city of the Telangana state(The City of Historic Charminar). The city is the second-largest city in India concerning the total land area and second-largest contributing city for IT Exports(IT Exports from Hyderabad likely to reach Rs 64,000 crore this year, 2015). Several IT companies constantly setting up their bases in this city which made it become a ‘happening city’.

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Advantages of Hyderabad: 1. Good connectivity & Resource Advantage: It is just 500 KM away from the geographical center of the country. It has also got good air and train connections with all major cities of the country as well as overseas. Due to this, there is always a big advantage of the availability of resources in quantity as well quality from other sources.

2. Demographic and Economic Advantage: It is the fourth most populous city in the county (Hyderabad Population 2021, n.d.)and the socio-economic strata of Hyderabad consist of 20% of the upper class, 50% of the middle class, and 30% working class. So, there is always the potentiality of the people searching for the betterment of the house, building, etc.

3. Commercial Advantage: Hyderabad is a central location between the Deccan Plateau and the Western Ghats. Industrialization throughout the 20thcentury, the city attracted major Indian research, manufacturing, educational and financial institutions through which it has emerged as a hub of businesses in the world.

4. Growth in Real Estate & Infrastructure Development: Hyderabad ranked as the Best city to live and work in India by a survey conducted by the destination discovery website Holidify.com. (Singh, 2021). Hyderabad was ranked as the world's third most affordable office location by DTZ in 2011. (PTI, 2012) Also, the city witnessed high growth in the real estate business in the last few years. It is among the top five intense cities for housing in India because of this, always there is a growth in this city in terms of offices which brings in more construction requirement for offices as well as the house.

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CHAPTER 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 DEFINITION OF SHOPPING MALL 2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF SHOPPING MALL 2.3 EVOLUTION OF SHOPPING MALL

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2.1

DEFINITION OF SHOPPING MALL

The shopping center is nothing but a consolidated market with all the facilities, containing a range of stores and sometimes restaurants and different business institutions housed in an exceedingly series of connected buildings or adjacent buildings or one massive building. The market could be a word derived from “Marcatus” which means trade, traffic, merchandise, an area wherever the business is conducted. When we state a market, we typically visualize a packed place with plent plentyy of customers and retailers. The shops are selling a variety of products and services as well. So, a market in a traditional sense is a place where a variety of buyers and sellers meet to exchange different types of goods and services with each other.

2.2

CLASSIFICATION SSIFICATION OF SHOPPING MALL Classification

On the Basis of Nature of Transaction Spot

On the Basis of Regulation

On the Basis of Geographic Location

On the Basis of Time

Regulated

Local

Very Short

Unregulated

Regional

Short Period

National

Long Period

Future

International

2.3

EVOLUTION OF SHOPPING MALL 1. Ancient Times When Prehistoric people started to communicate they also started to trade, Barter system of exchange was used where participants in a transaction directly exchange goods or services for other goods or services without using a medium of exchange, such as mo money ney as we have now. In the earliest trading activities used to take place in meeting and gathering spaces of the city.

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2. Greek Agora The Agora was an open ‘‘Place of Assembly’’ in the ancient Greek city. The most important function of the agora was a place for the assembly of formal or informal events &daily communications. For military duty or to hear statements of the ruling king, the citizens would gather in the agora in the beginning. But Later on, the Agora was defined as an “Open-air or Tented Market Place ” where merchants had their shops and where craftsmen used to make sell their products.

3. Roman Forum The Roman Forum is the marketplace or public place of an ancient Roman city along with a place of assembly for the people as well as serving the purpose of the judicial, business affairs center. The major cities of the Roman period formed open spaces as the center of civic life just like Greek Agora, which was surrounded by temples, basilicas, bathhouses, and state buildings. Shopping used to take place both in the buildings and in the forum space. The Roman Forum was a rectangular courtyard surrounded by shops, was located on the main axis & this plan was repeated throughout.

4. Town Hall Market The market and town halls were the heart of trading and business activity of the city, located along with the market square, in the center of the town.

The town hall buildings combined the two uses: I.

The ground floor of the building used to be remained open between the columns. This space was used as an extension to the market along with the market square. The ground floors of the town hall market were used to be arranged in such a way that it forms a group of small shops where people were able to do shopping without disturbing other activities of the building.

II.

The first floor was meant for all the administration stuff.

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5. Combined Market & Town Hall Combined Market is one of the initial examples of a purpose-built building that is only meant for the market. This building was providing a collection of defined shops.

Besides the town hall, Shops were used to lined up parallelly with the linear ways on each side, providing different types of trade. By the 16th century, buildings across the European market were no longer combined with town halls. Instead, market halls were built as large linear structures, with side aisles lined with stalls forming collections of shops.

6. Eastern Bazaar The concept of bazaar first appeared in the Middle East. Bazaars were the social, religious, and financial centers along with the main purpose of trade. An Eastern Bazaar is a permanent marketplace, merchandising area, or street of shops where goods and services are exchanged or sold.

For the modern-day supermarket or shopping mall, The bazaar is the pioneer which originated from ancient civilization itself. The classic Eastern bazaar often consists of caravanserais connecting into the center of the bazaar with stores in vaulted streets covered by doors at either end. Bazaars may take up kilometers of corridors in major towns. Bazaars are separated into sections, each of which specialized in a certain commodity, such as carpet dealers, goldsmiths, shoemakers, and souvenir merchants, among others.

7. Shopping Street Not long before the industrial revolution, the urban market was not enough to develop trade. As a result, shops, bars, and cafes are located in the central streets of the city, and shops on the same street are categorized by type. B. Bread Street, Cordwainer Street, London. The retail streets were typically organic developments, similar to the high streets, where the bottom floors of dwelling houses were often progressively converted into stores.

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8. First Generation of Planned Shopping- Arcade As independent buildings in priority for shopping, a new generation of particularly planned groupings of businesses and new sorts of shops began to emerge. Arcades are a highlight in the evolution of shopping since they were designed primarily to house a group of stores as a pedestrian thoroughfare, which is a place with a beginning and an end, but this area is surrounded or covered by a structure that fulfills its role. It is a roofed-in gallery, an arched or covered corridor with businesses on both sides. These were the first structures with iron and glass roofs. These were used as inspiration for roofing markets, greenhouses, and train stations, among other things.

9. Strip Mall and ‘The First Unified Shopping Mall Strip malls are described as a grouping of many retailers in the same structure that share a parking lot. In the 1920s, this was a contemporary "car-friendly" structure.

The strip mall is frequently situated near important crossroads in a town or city to make it easily accessible by vehicle. They are distinct from the larger retail malls.

Strip malls have fewer stores and have open-area layouts with the retailers organised in a row.

10. Beginning Shopping Mall By the mid-twentieth century, the population of the United States had grown significantly, prompting many to flee the oppressive metropolitan circumstances. To cater to an extensive increasing population a large indoor shopping center, usually anchored by department stores has been invented which is termed as the shopping mall in a North American term. Slowly a shopping mall is no longer just a place to go to buy something, it had taken the form of a community and entertainment center.

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CHAPTER 3.0 RESEARCH AND METHODOLOGY 3.1 RESEARCH 3.2 METHODOLOGY

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3.1

RESEARCH

I have divided my research part into 3 main parts: I.

As this is a new concept in India so many people don’t have an idea of this project. I have proposed this project to organize the building construction industry as per the market scenario flaws. To create a strong base for this project a questionnaire was developed to get a clearer perspective on the desirability and acceptance of my design proposal. In this, most of the respondents were working professionals relating to the same industry and students who have completed their practical training.

II.

Nowadays people are more fascinated with glass facades. They are more concerned about the aesthetics of the building rather than the functional and operational aspects. But there are also these big-box retail stores that blend into the generic architecture style which are the attractions of many. Here looking at this scenario, my question revolved around- whether I should go for cutting edge modern design or generic architecture sufficing the only function of the building without much aesthetic value.

III.

This was the most crucial stage because this is what creates a great impact on the user's perception of the building. If I go for generic architecture then there might be the chance of conflicting it with the user's modern cutting-edge design requirement and at the same, if we go for cutting edge design also then there 2 ways of proceeding with it. One is inward-looking mall design as currently in trend which has high maintenance & operational cost or design with some traditional design elements such as covered bazaar, streets or nodal points mixed with the American box style mall design.

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What is the need of my project as per current market scenario & What is the success rate for this project..?

Need of the hour & Success Rate...?

Cutting edge modern designs

What…?

Innovation…?

3.2

Inward Looking Structures as of now…?

Generic Architecture

Modern Designs with traditional design elements

Effects of this on users in context of cutting edge designs

METHODOLOGY For methodology, I have divided my entire process into two main parts PART 01: In this, I have focuses only on understanding what my topic is all about.

What is the need for my project, why this kind of innovation in the industry is required? What all are the consequences now being faced and what all can be minimized by proposing this project.

Also, as this concept is new in India, the biggest challenge is to locate it in the best possible city with the proper location. This can potentially attract a lot of customers and being able to create a brand identity in the market which is very important for new projects coming up. With this as my base, I have for formulated my thesis, defining aims and objectives, scope and limitations of the work.

Formulating Thesis • Understanding Topic • Need of the project • Defining Why, What, When, How, Where.

Topic Selection

• Defining Aims & Objectives • Attributes & Challenges of the Project • Scope & Limitations of work

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PART 02: After defining the above two main headings, the next is to understand how this project functions and what are majors to be taken to make this functional in the best way possible without any hindrance.

I have again divided it into two parts: I.

Theoretical Analysis part where I tried to understand the concept of shopping malls, their evolution, and their classification of it. What are the components it constitutes? To get a clearer perspective of it in real life scenario, I have done case study analysis by considering parameters such as Site and Contextual Analysis, Functional and Service Requirements for proper functioning, and few others. Again, with these parameters done a comparative analysis through which I defined inference for my project.

II.

By making inferences from the above case studies followed up my practical design analysis part as the regular design process. Along with this, I focused more on majors such what are the new design ideas which give users as well as retailers or staff an unforgettable experience.

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Methodology

Theoretical Analysis

Literature Review Analysis Shopping Mall Study Evolution Spaces & Activities Classification & Components

Case Study Analysis Site & Site Contextual Analysis Project Design Analysis Functional Analysis Sustainable Design Analysis Structural & Construction Techniques Building Services

Practical Analysis

Comparative Analysis

Evaluation of Site Selection Site Analysis What are the idea’s & finding which is better, Suits my design Design Development by experimenting various conceptual idea’s Architectural Expressions reflecting my concept This will be done by carrying out various design experiments & small scale physical models

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CHAPTER 4.0 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 4.1 IKEA, HYDERABAD 4.2 SALT LAKE CITY CENTER, KOLKATA

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4.1 IKEA, HYDERABAD 4.1.1 Project data 

Location: Hyderabad, India



Architect: unknown (confidential)



Site area: 12.35 acres (50,061 sqm)



Built-up Area: 84,300 sqm



Ground coverage: 47.65%



Type: Standalone home furnishing store



Store setting: Placed near to the main places of the city & major IT hub area

4.1.2 Site Information 

Soil type: Red sandy soil



Seismic zone no.: Zone – ii



Altitude:592.5m from main sea level



Max. Temperature:43°



Min. Temperature:8°



Average temperature:32°



Site condition before: Hilly rocky area with some vegetation



Site levels:10m height difference from high to low point



Site land use type: Mixed-use type



Connectivity: RGIA airport: 31.5 km Secunderabad railway station: 17.5 km Raidurg Metro station: 400m



Average humidity: Approx. 65%



Topography: •

The site is nearer to the Banjara hills which are the highest point of the city, places to the right side of the side. From there Banjara hills the level is decreasing. The contour level difference per line is 5m. The approximate level difference b/w the highest & lowest point of the site is approximately 10 meters.

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•

Site Location

N

N

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 Area Statement •

Site area- 12.35 Acres (50,061 sqm)

•

Built-up area- 84,300 sqm

•

Ground coverage- 47.65%

4.1.3 Site Context a. Neighbourhood Structures and Spaces •

Through below given map, we can understand the development intensity in this area &the amount of open/unbuilt space available near the site. Due to the smaller number of buildings & open area around the site, this site has got access to surrounding greenery & views from all sides.

•

All the surrounding buildings are High-rise Residential Buildings or IT Parks. All these buildings follow modern architectural styles.

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•

There is no impact of surrounding buildings on the IKEA because IKEA follows its typical design style which placeless-ness, can be placed in any generic city across the world.

TCS

TCL

MINDSPACE IT PARK

N Map Showing Neighbourhood structure & Open Spaces around the Site.

Neighborhood Structures

Ikea, Hyderabad

Surrounding Buildings

Views

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4.1.4 Site Analysis a. Site Entry and Exit Points with the Approach road •

This site has access availability from two of its major side i.e. from the North-East Side and South-East Side.

•

Both the major sides are easily accessible from any part of the city due to the main Mindspace Junction which is the main junction connecting IT Hub Area and other surrounding residential areas.

Map Showing Site Surrounding Road Network & Site Accessibility.

b. Hierarchy of the road network •

The hierarchy of roads categorizes roads according to their functions and capacities.

The hierarchy generally comprises highways, Express highways, arterials, collectors, and local roads. Due to the location of the IKEA site, it has all the kinds of roads in its surroundings which can also be one of the characteristics of proper site selection.

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Map Showing Hierarchy of Road Network around the site.

Ikea Site

Principal Arterial Roads

Local Roads

Highway

Collector Arterial Roads

c. Noise Reduction Strategies •

To tackle noise due to vehicles on either road, Floor plans have been designed in a way that all the Noisy places such as Entry/Exit points; a Cloakroom, Restaurant, etc. are oriented towards the road. Also planted some trees/vegetation in a row acting as a buffer space layer.

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d. Climatology 

Sunpath

•

From the two diagrams, we can see that azimuth angle & altitude both are good in terms of providing proper sunlight to the building parts exposed to the sun-path.

•

Also less overlapping of shadows will not happen due to surrounding buildings till the particular height (if designed with proper setbacks & other bye-laws) due to a good amount of azimuth angle & altitude which helps in a good amount of indoor light levels.



Possible Heat Gains •

From two Sun path diagrams, we can see that azimuth angle & altitude both are good in terms of providing proper sunlight to the building parts exposed to the sun path. All the external wall area marked with the red color line are the most exposed parts of buildings, also has maximum heat gain due to the sun.

•

To tackle this heat gain & to have more thermal comfort inside the building for users during the shopping, a warehouse has been designed on this side of the building. The warehouse doesn’t require much comfort & also it is not accessible by users, so there won't be any discomfort to the user.

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•

The warehouse provided here is also double-height, so the time needed for the heatup area also will be more. Very few openings are provided to cut down direct heat gain.

N

Fig. showing Exposed part to the sun and its intensity.

INDEX More exposed Less exposed

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

Wind •

From the wind rose diagram, we can predict that prevailing winds are from West, WSW & SE. Also, in the prevailing wind direction areas, there are no obstructions due to buildings, so the natural wind can be utilized to the maximum.

•

Also, all the partss of the basement from North North-West West to South are kept open to take maximum benefit from Natural Wind.

Wind Rose Diagram of the site.

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4.1.5 Contextual Analysis 

Public Transport facilities& Utility Services & Effects of it on the Site •

This site has great connectivity with the Public Transport system. Raidurg metro station which is just 400m away from the site by pedestrian& Bus stop attached to the site boundary itself is adding great connectivity to the site. The major sides of the sites are attache attached d to principal arterial roads of this area, providing better connectivity & freedom of entering from any of the entry points.

•

Also got many public parks in the surrounding proximate area.

•

As the site is located in b/w the IT Hub areas & Residential Zone Zones, s, it has a high traffic density, also a corner plot plot, and very close to the Junction, So traffic noise will arise from both North-East East & South South-East side.

Site Surrounding Map with Public Transport facilities marked.

Ikea, Hyderabad

Metro station

Local Bus Stop

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

Zoning of Neighbourhood Spaces •

This placed near major it hub area such as Hi-tech city which is the heart of Madhapur suburb area & also has the highest concentration of IT/ITES establishments in the city.

•

It is also nearer to the residential area settlements such as Gachibowli, jubilee hills.

Site Surrounding Land-Use Map

INDEX Green Patch

Commercial Area/It Hub

Mixed Use Area

Water Body

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4.1.6 Project Design Analysis A. Conceptual Analysis •

IKEA uses its typical layout throughout the worldwide stores known as Ikea’s long natural way. Once you enter the showroom area, you have to pass through the oneway system of IKEA i.e. Have to pass through each & every part of the Ikea.

Furthermore, in the showroom part of its stores, the firm only customizes room sets if the local culture necessitates it. Furthermore, Ikea allows access to its massive warehouse shops. This has an unintended consequence: you may have gone into the store expecting to buy only a few products, to find yourself leaving with a trolley full of items. This is because of its circular design and one-way system.

Image showing typical design layout ideas of Ikea.

Image showing typical long natural Way of Ikea.

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B. Functional Analysis • Overall Zoning Relationship b/w Users, Functions & Spaces

Image Below diagram shows the typical Zoning diagram, how the different components of layout are connected & medium through which they are connected.

• Movement System of Different type of Users

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• Detailed Movement System of Different type of Users

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• Circulation Patterns

Ground Floor Plan denoting flow pattern of different type of users.

INDEX

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Ground Floor Plan denoting flow pattern of different type of users.

INDEX

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C. Design Analysis • Spatial Organization • Ikea uses typically two types of principles of organization i.e., Maze type & Grid type.

•

Clustered Maze-like store layout has been used in the showroom area provided with interior design inspirational installations to give customers an idea of how a product can be used before they make a purchase, while also showing that their products are versatile.

First Floor Plan with maze kind of structure marked in plan.

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•

Typically, there are two types of warehouses that Ikea has in his store i.e., customer accessible & not accessible.

•

The grid system layout is used here to make user-friendly access for both the customers & employees.

•

In customer accessible warehouse area, customers have the freedom of picking up the products which they wanted to pick up in the showroom area because in the showroom area product picking service is restricted.

•

This grid is named with a particular coding system to easily find out the location of products.

Warehouse plan with Grid Organisation system implemented as Principal of Organisation.

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D. Sustainable Design Analysis 

IKEA does not allow going out of its typical layout & design features to maintain uniqueness all around the worldwide store. IKEA does not even use any of the basic passive design approaches also such as Proper Wall Window Ratio, Maximum use of daylight & No use of natural ventilation.



But as the awareness about sustainable design is increasing, Ikea also taking a step forward to implement these features as much as possible. In Ikea Hyderabad; Solar panels can generate approximately 1300 MWh of electricity per annum.



IKEA follows the philosophy- Waste prevention is an easy method to save money by just utilizing what we need. They also have recycling units in their stores that recycle items like as paper, plastic, and metal so that they may be reused to produce new things rather than extracting fresh resources from the Earth.

 4.1.7 Structural and Construction Techniques 

Overall structure •

Made of flat slabs with drop & column head

•

ACP Cladding on façade with glass

•

False ceiling- exposed slabs with ducts & services parts used as an aesthetic treatment

Warehouse Images showing the Structural Details.

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4.1.8 Building Services 

Roof Top Service Plan •

All the floors have been mechanically ventilated with air-cooled ahu units which are all placed on the rooftop, resulting in space-saving in below floors. This all the services are connected to bottom floors with vertical ducts incorporated as a design element in the interior.

•

Air-cooled chiller plants have been used along with the AHU units to maintain thermal comfort inside the building.

•

Overall, 2223 solar panels have been provided on the roof to cater to some amount of daily energy consumption.

Roof Plan with Services and their connectivity network.

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

Lower Basement Service Plan •

Exhaust fans have been provided at the end of the basement connecting throughout the floor with ducts to maintain fresh air quality.

•

Fresh air blowers have been used throughout the floor which maintains the fresh air quality as well deducted ventilation. This can also be used as a smoke extractor in case of fire.

•

All the services expect ahu & chiller plant has provided in the lower basement floor at a single place which makes easy to maintain & also to co-ordinate b/w all the departments. Also, the big advantage is it gives a clear space in above floors, also maintain privacy b/w customer & service department.

Lower Basement Service Plan

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Upper Basement Service Plan

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4.2 SALT LAKE CITY CENTER, KOLKATA 4.2.1 Project data 

Location- Kolkata, West Bengal



Name of the Practice- Charles Correa Associates



Principal Architect- Charles Correa



Client- Ambuja-Neotia Group



Site area- 4.7 Acres



BUA- 50,400 sqm



Type- Mixed-use commercial



Store setting- Placed in main city(urban) area



Response to context- Climate and site context has been taken into most consideration, It is a remarkable dialogue between two contrasting shopping traditions: the traditional open marketplaces of Indian streets on the one hand, and the controlled box of the American-style mall that has swept across Indian towns in recent years.

 4.2.2 Site Information 

Soil type- Alluvial soil



Seismic zone no.- Zone – ii



Max. Temperature- 43.9°



Min. Temperature- 5°



Average temperature- 26.2°



Site condition before- Flat land with some vegetation



Site land-use type- Mixed-use type



Annual rainfall- 1735mm



ConnectivityNSCB Airport- 10.7 km Howrah railway station- 9.1 km City Centre Metro station- Attached to the site



Average humidity- Approx. 70.8%

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4.2.3 Site Context & Site Analysis

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4.2.4 Site Analysis • Hierarchy of Roads •

The hierarchy of roads categorizes roads according to their functions and capacities.

•

The hierarchy generally comprises highways, Express highways, arterials, collectors, and local roads. Due to the location of the site, it has all the kinds of roads in its surroundings which can also be one of the characteristics of proper site selection.

N

INDEX Site

Principal Arterial Roads

Local Roads

Collector Arterial Roads

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

Sun Path Analysis •

The Occasionally used & Air Air-Conditioned Conditioned spaces are designed towards long exposure to the sun. Street Bazaar Shops are placed in between the building blocks to avoid direct sunlight & at the same time, people can enjoy the street system.



Wind Analysis •

Street bazaar system shops & Building Blocks are placed in a way that streets formed are perpendicular to the wind direction so that it can take maximum & advantage of natural ventilation.

4.2.5 Contextual Analysis 

Land Use Map •

This area is known as Bidhannagar which is designed as an extension of Kolkata city.

This is a very well-planned planned area with separate zones for different purposes.

Commercial Block has a mixture of hospitals, hotels.

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N

SIT E



Neighborhood Structures, Built and Open Spaces in Context •

Contextual 3D around the site giving an idea of Neighbourhood Structures, open spaces, their height, the density of buildings.

•

The vehicular circulation around the site neighborhood & its connectivity.

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4.2.6 Project Design Analysis A. Conceptual Analysis •

Previously the design the plan comprised a cluster of six buildings as a regular American box style.

•

But later on, realized that it's missing a flavor of Kolkata. As a result, he chose to build a design that at can converse between two contrasting shopping traditions: the traditional open marketplaces of Indian streets on the one hand, and the controlled box of the American-style style mall that has swe swept pt Indian towns in recent years.

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B. Functional Analysis

•

Overall Design Flow

C. Design Analysis • Hierarchy of Spaces& Floors Zoning •

Charles Correa wanted this mall to be an urban realm that attracts footfall more than just retail.

•

Because of which this space has taken an entirely different form.

•

There are no boundary walls, no entry points. Parking is all around the site so, anybody can enter from any side as per his convenience & mode of travel.

•

Indian Kund Design & street Bazar style has influenced this design in a large amount.

•

Due to the distributed parking around the site, all the inside area has been got utilized properly.

•

User's flow inside the building is random depending on the natural random movement of users.

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• Micro-Level Zoning along with Architectural Design Features & Inference

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D. Sustainable Design Analysis •

The few parts on the Ground floor are designed in a Traditional Indian Bazaar System covered with glass. This leads to an ample amount of light & ventilation all over the space. Also helps to decrease in a good amount of Electrical & HVAC load

•

Less maintenance & services cost.

•

Buildings Blocks, connecting elements & open spaces are designed with at-most care to use natural light & ventilation all around the site as much as possible.

•

Overlapping of building blocks with each to cut off direct heat gain from sunlight.

•

Occasionally used spaces placed on southern & west side.

TYPICAL SECTION OF STREETS

STREETS LAYOUT & CONNECTIVITY WITH DIFFERENT BLOCKS ON GROUND FLOOR 52 | P a g e

4.2.7 Structural & Construction Techniques •

Buildings & entire construction are done in an RCC framed structure with brick wall partitions.

•

Pavements & Steps- These spaces are designed in regular Kadapa stone to give a feel of the bazaar.

•

Glass with metal frames on pedestrian pathways on the ground floor.

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CHAPTER 5.0 PROJECT FUNCTIONAL PROGRAM 5.1 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 5.2 FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS OF THE DESIGN

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5.1 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Category

Esplanade One

IKEA

City center

Location

Bhubaneswar

Hyderabad

Kolkata

Practice Name

Practice Pvt. Ltd.

Principal Designer

Sandeep Agarwal

Confidential

Charles Correa

Built-Up Area

92,903 sq. M.

84,300 sq. M.

50,400 sq. M.

Site Area

5.75 Acres

12.35 Acres

4.7 Acres

Topography

Flat Land

Contours

Flat Land

Inference

(01) Project Data

Design Confidential (Unknown)

Charles Correa Associates

(02) Site Details

(03) Site Context Neighbourhood

Residential Next to Hi-tech Placed in main urban) area. along with the City (major IT city (urban) Hub area) High-street street Commercial area

GREEN PATCH MIXED USE

Should be nearer to the Mixed-use zones & in most prominent areas of the city for better connectivity.

COMMERCIAL/IT HUB

Response Context

WATER BODY

to Great response No response to Great response to culture & the culture or to culture & the climatic context. climatic context. climatic context.

(04) Site Analysis Hierarchy Roads

Of Local Road (small road width resulting in traffic jams around the site).

Collector Arterial Road (not much Traffic in peak times also).

Collector Arterial Road (not much Traffic in peak times also).

The site has been chosen with higher road width to avoid traffic jams.

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Noise Reduction Strategies Sun-path

Wind

Block placed away Trees are planted Not taken care Have been from the main along the road to of. taken care of road. create a barrier as per from noise. activity placement.

Rooms with Not taken care of. Occasionally Design complete used spaces are Should be enclosure needs designed taking such as towards long maximum auditoriums, exposure to the use of service sun. daylight & areas/corridors Shops are placed also are located on in between the minimum outer faces to act building blocks to heat gain at as a thermal avoid direct the same barrier. sunlight. time.

Only some office spaces can take advantage of fresh air due to courtyard planning, rest is a dead façade.

Only basement areas have fresh air due to open basement planning, rest in building nonopenable windows have been provided resulting in zero use of natural ventilation.

Blocks & Open placed as per wind flow to take maximum advantage of it.

The design should take maximum advantage of the wind to reduce Energy Consumptio n & Carbon Footprint.

Low-density highrise structures in the NE side but not affecting site due to high road width.

High-density density low height (G+4 or lower)residential buildings not affecting the site.

Site neighborhoo d structures should not be obstructing the wind flow & sunlight.

(05) Contextual Analysis Neighborhood Structures

High-density density low height (G+4 or lower)residential buildings not affecting the site.

IKEA

Public Transport

Block placed away Bus Stop Metro station is Should be from the main attached to the just attached to close to road. site & Metro the site. public station is just 400 transport for m away from the better site. connectivity.

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(06) Project Design Analysis Concept

Contemporary Typical Way of The mixture of design with Ikea.

Indian Street traditional Bazaar & handwoven ikat American Box or sari (Sambalpur Style Mall. i sari).

Recreational or No space Break Areas, provided for Sitting seating or relaxing has been provided.

Should incorporate something from the culture of a city with current trends or innovations.

Should have some recreational spaces as a surprising design element as well as provides comfort to the users

No dedicated space has been provided for seating but IKEA gives freedom to use its products such as sofa, bed, etc. for relaxing.

Dedicated Sit-out Spaces have been designed throughout such as Kund (Central Open Seating Space), Seating Spaces at Nodes.

Each zone Commercial, Office & Services has been very well segregated

All the zones separated properly without any hindrance to others.

Zoning of office spaces & Commercial spaces is not separate some points such as entry, lifts, etc creating disturbance & privacy issues.

All the zones should be separated as needed to function without any hindrance in privacy or any other issues.

This has all the facilities to cater to all the physically challenged people. as All the floors are connected using escalators& lifts for vertical circulation.

This has all the facilities to cater to all the physically challenged people.

All the floors are connected using the escalator, stairs as well as lifts for vertical circulation.

This has all the facilities to cater to all the physically challenged people.

All the floors are connected using stairs & lifts for vertical circulation.

The design should suffice all the universal design guidelines.

Should have good connectivity elements to cater to all types of users

(07) Functional Analysis Zoning

Universal Design

Circulation connecting elements

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Transitional Elements

Ikat pattern shawl on entrance serving as a transitional element as well as the main design feature.

There are no such transitional elements inside the store due to the big box store kind of design.

Indian streets bazaar system with a covered glass roof, nodes at the street ends with seating area, Kund design, etc. are creating transitions.

Transitional elements should be used in design to create & maintain interest, also to surprise users.

(08) Sustainable Design Analysis Passive Approach

Natural light & No proper use of Maximum use of Should use Ventilation are Natural light & Natural light & possible not utilized up to Ventilation.

Ventilation. passive the mark in the Ground floor design commercial area common area’s techniques but in office air conditioning to reduce spaces, it has & light load is Maintenance been taken up to almost zero in & Service some limit. the daytime due load to street bazaar- resulting in style design. less carbon footprint.

(09) Structural & Construction Techniques Construction Details

RCC framed Flat slab with RCC framed structure with Drop panel & structure with AAC Blocks.

Column Head.

Brick Partitions

Façade Treatment

Exposed Cement ACP Cladding on Exposed Cement Plaster Walls Plaster

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5.2 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

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CHAPTER 6.0 RELEVANT LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

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6.1 NBC STANDARDS FOR SHOPPING MALLS

6.2 NBC STANDARDS FOR OFFICES

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6.3

NBC STANDARDS FOR SHOPPING RESTAURANTS

6.4

NEUFERT STANDARDS FOR LOCKER ROOM

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6.5 NEUFERT STANDARDS FOR GOODS HANDLING UNITS

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6.6

NEUFERT STANDARDS FOR LOADING AND UNLOADING AREA

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CHAPTER 7.0 PASSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNIQUES 7.1 SOLAR PANELS 7.2 PIEZOELECTRIC TILES

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In recent years, we have seen a lot of growth and development in our neighbourhoods.

These are directly related to a significant influence on our natural environment. Many of our natural resources are used by the buildings in which we live and work, which consume in the form of manufacture, design, construction, and operation.

We are now confronting energy shortages and environmental issues as a result of years of unconscionable usage of fossil fuel resources. According to the International Energy Agency's New Policies Scenario, global energy demands would rise more slowly than in the past but will still increase by 30% between now and 2040, which is comparable to adding another China and India to today's global demand. (World Energy Outlook 2017: A world in transformation, 2017). The renewable energy revolution is critical for the world to break its reliance on fossil fuels. This revolution will also assist to improve global energy security while encouraging economic growth and addressing environmental issues such as climate change. If taken seriously and executed correctly, the long-standing relationship between economic development and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions may be broken.

7.1

SOLAR PANELS Solar energy, unlike fossil fuels, will not run out anytime soon. The sun produces more than enough energy to fulfil the entire world's energy requirements. The only constraint is converting it into power in an efficient and cost-effective manner. There are no greenhouse gas emissions discharged into the atmosphere, the operational expenses are very low when compared to other kinds of power generation, and no fuel is required. This means that solar energy may provide significant amounts of electricity without the risk and expense of obtaining a fuel supply.

7.2

PIEZOELECTRIC TILES Piezoelectric tiles use crystals to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

The metal plate in these tiles collects charges which are generated by movement over it, which can be used to produce a voltage and send an electrical current through a circuit. Piezoelectric tiles can be easily inserted in pathways, roadways, or corridors in the building where maximum footfall is supposed to be happening.

(AMBOS, n.d.)

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CHAPTER 8.0 DESIGN BRIEF

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Out of all the physiological needs of humans, shelter is one of the important things that we humans require to protect ourselves from environmental aspects such as sun, wind, and rain. Without shelter, human skin and organs get damaged Back then shelters were only for taking rest & to protect from the environmental condition but it has a completely different form in recent years.

Nowadays, Buildings are not just serving the purpose of sheltering but it has become an ambition of every human being to have a nice house/office with all the facilities. There is also the competition of having the Biggest & Best facilitated buildings in the world right now.

When we look at this from a distance as an observer, we feel fascinated but the moment you look at it from an architect’s point, there are a lot more complex processes that have been done to come up to this level. From them, one of the processes is the Selection of materials.

Currently, Building Materials Market in India is scattered, for different types of materials, you have to go to different shops/areas. Due to this, users have to travel multiple places which unnecessarily causes time consumption & travel expenses. At the end of the day, even after going through multiple shops for getting the right selection of materials while experiencing exhaustion due to the travel leads to an unsatisfactory, disappointing feel. Sometimes clients go for the selection of materials along with the Architects and other consultants, which leads to the unnecessary time consumption of Architects & other consultants where every minute is so precious. On top of this even if you get all the materials but from different-different places, coordination and keeping up with them makes it more difficult.

This project is taken up to understand the current market scenario of building material & propose the best fitting solution for it. Building Material Mall is a market/mall acting as a One Stop Solution for Building Materials and Interior needs catering to all projects exclusively. This will be a unique solution for all your building needs, ranging from digital medium consultation to on-site execution. A single place for all building materials ranging from Civil to the Digital Screen for your home theatre. Additionally, planning to create a space

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where people can come, interact, collaborate, get expert advice and grab a snack while they do their shopping.

Building Material Mall will be an amalgamation of a shopping mall and other spaces such as a Food Court, Product Showcase Area, and an Exhibition Hall/Auditorium which can act as an experience and marketing center for newly launched products. This kind of concept already exists overseas up to a certain extent but it will be a new & unique concept in India.  Aim: To create one single place for all types of building materials fused with a food court and also an awareness creating place about the new materials.  Objectives: o Understanding the market scenario & finding the best suitable solution for it. o Identifying the projects similar to this type of project. o Formulating types of ancillary spaces required for smooth functioning.  Goal: To create a space where people can come, interact, collaborate, get expert advice and grab a snack while they do their building materials shopping.  Scope: o To change the stereotypical image of shopping malls with different activities in barrier-free spaces o To have a more organized market for building materials & avoid the travel due to inadequacy of shops at one single place saving in time  Outcome: Creating a built environment for Building Materials Mall with a food court and exhibition place for new materials to exhibit

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CHAPTER 9.0 PROPOSED DESIGN INTERVENTION

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BIBLIOGRAPHY AMBOS, B. E. (n.d.). Piezoelectric Floor Tiles and Harvesting Energy from Pedestrians. Retrieved from piezo.com: https://blog.piezo.com/piezoelectric-floor-tiles-and-harvesting-energy-frompedestrians Anna G., S. D. (2018, 01 30). IKEA Store Layout. Retrieved from WONDER: https://askwonder.com/research/ikea-store-layout-w44yf9r3g Cathrine Jansson-Boyd, A. R. (2018, 02 01). How Ikea's shop layout influences what you buy.

Retrieved from BBC: https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20180201-how-ikea-haschanged-the-way-weshop Chandra, K. P. (2019, 08 22). This is how Hyderabad, and not Mumbai or Bengaluru, became IKEA’s first India destination. Retrieved from QUARTZ INDIA: https://qz.com/india/1692282/whyikea-india-picked-hyderabad-over-mumbai-bengaluru-delhi-ncr/ Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority. (n.d.). Retrieved from HMDA: https://www.hmda.gov.in/masterplan/ Hyderabad Population 2021. (n.d.). Retrieved from World Population Review: https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/hyderabad-population IKEA. (n.d.). Retrieved from IKEA : https://www.ikea.com/in/en/ IT Exports from Hyderabad likely to reach Rs 64,000 crore this year. (2015, 02 14). Retrieved from IndiaToday: https://www.indiatoday.in/technology/news/story/it-exports-from-hyderabadlikely-to-reach-rs-64000-crore-in-this-year-240302-2015-02-14 Jain, V. (2020, 11 03). Pepperfry aims to open 20 new stores by March 2021: Ashish Shah, co-founder & COO. Retrieved from ETRetail: https://retail.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/homeand-decor/furniture-and-decor/pepperfry-aims-to-open-20-new-stores-by-march-2021ashish-shah-co-founder-coo/79021203 Peermohamed, A. (2018, 07 8). Urban Ladder to invest up to $15 mn on first offline store in Bengaluru. Retrieved from Business Standerd : https://www.businessstandard.com/article/companies/urban-ladder-to-invest-up-to-15-mn-on-first-offline-storein-bengaluru-117070700982_1.html PTI. (2012, 04 22). Hyderabad 3rd most affordable office location in 2011: Study. Retrieved from The Economic Times: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/personal-financenews/hyderabad-3rd-most-affordable-office-location-in-2011study/articleshow/12820731.cms?from=mdr Salt Lake . (n.d.). Retrieved from citycentremalls: http://saltlake.citycentremalls.in/

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Sharma, M. (2015, 10 12). Lenskart to revolutionise eyewear retail, to open 2000 offline stores.

Retrieved from indiaretailing.com: https://www.indiaretailing.com/2015/10/12/retail/lenskart-to-revolutionise-eyewear-retailto-open-2000-offline-stores/ Singh, D. (2021, 02 02). Hyderabad Ranked As The Best City To Live And Work In India, As Per Survey.

Retrieved from Yahoo News: https://in.news.yahoo.com/hyderabad-ranked-best-city-live180139105.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guc e_referrer_sig=AQAAAEuXkFH5yADIQbhZhGGQ5JoYU82TYoRVpuq3pl5nKbxk8U7Y2MsTn2V GUvoJJxu3lpTrToPQaDBQ7nri9g3EYmko64LrS6PTSwNNB World Energy Outlook 2017: A world in transformation. (2017, 11). Retrieved from IEA: https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2017

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APPENDIX

1.0 CONSTRUCTION HANDBOOK 2.0 CRITICAL APPRAISAL

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ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MATERIALS – VIII For

THESIS TOPIC: BUILDING MATERIAL MALL, HYDERABAD, INDIA GUIDED BY: AR. SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA

SUBMITTED TO: AR. SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SUBMITTED BY: YEMUL OMPRAKASH VILAS FOA/BAR/2016-21/000050 FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE SRI SRI UNIVERSITY, CUTTACK, ODISHA, INDIA

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TABLE OF CONTENTS SR.NO.

DESCRIPTION

01.

Introduction

02.

UNIT 1: Foundation System used for the building/buildings

03.

UNIT 2: Details of walling system (Internal and External) and openings

04.

UNIT 3: Suitable Flooring and Roofing systems

05.

UNIT 4: Finishes for External and Internal walls

06.

UNIT 5: Details of vertical transport System

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INTRODUCTION Thesis Title: Building Material Mall, Hyderabad, India Type of the Project: Commercial Site Location: Rangareddy District, Hyderabad, Telangana.

Site Area: 9.76 Acres (39497.32 Sq.m) User Age Group: All

WHAT IS A BUILDING MATERIAL MALL? When it comes to particularly for buildings from designing on the digital medium to the on-site delivery of final product there comes in a critical stage called as the material selection which is like a headache for most of the people in India & around the world. When people/designers go for a selection of materials, they won’t directly choose the materials on the first go. They don’t get satisfied, they want variety in terms of everything such as Aesthetics, Strength, Cost, etc. for which they visit at least 3-4 shops before finalizing the materials & deal. In these processes, most of the time the common problem which arises is the travel distance & travel time consumption & travel expenses due to the inadequacy of shops at one single place/area. So, to overcome all the circumstances, I am proposing a space/building which will be a solution to all the problems & which will be known as “Building Material Mall”. This building will have most of the things which will be needed for the building construction and it also includes all the consultancy firms related to this profession.

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PROPOSED ARCHITECTURAL STYLE: Contemporary Architecture Style- Contemporary style refers to various styles not referring to any particular style, period, or elements, etc. Some of these styles make use of very advanced technology and modern building materials whereas some go for more natural & Ecological materials.

Elements of Contemporary Architecture Style: 1. Unconventional& Inventive Materials with Composition of Volumes.

2. Bright and Open Interiors

Fig. 01: Example of Contemporary Architecture

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Fig.02:Proposed Site Plan for reference.

(In this proposed design, I have two types of building blocks one is the main building & another is the driver's accommodation block known as Block 02 for reference. )

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UNIT 01: FOUNDATION SYSTEM USED FOR THE BUILDINGS • Soil type: Red sandy soil(Rocky) with Seismic Zone-II Site condition: The site is located in the Hilly rocky area of the city. The site has contoured rocks with some vegetation here and there. Due to this rocky condition, the soil here has a very high bearing capacity. So Simple Isolated Footing is the best and economical solution for the footing of structure.

For Blocks No. 02 also, the foundation type is the same.

Simple Isolated Footing:  An individual footing that distributes the weight to the subsurface soil is referred to as an isolated footing.  A foundation is the component of the substructure that is in direct touch with or rests on the ground.  For shallow depths, the isolated footing is usually provided. Footing is supplied in the form of either basic footing, sloping footing, or stepped footing.

Advantages of Simple Isolated Footing:  Simple Isolated footings are very much economical as compared to other types of footing when the columns are placed at a longer distance.  The isolated footings are at ease when it comes to Excavation, Formwork, Reinforcement placement, and placing of Concrete, even it can be constructed by unskilled workers.  It requires less earth excavation as foundations are not deep due to the high bearing capacity of the soil.

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Fig. 03: Stepped Isolated Footing View.

Fig. 04: Stepped Isolated Footing Plan & Section.

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UNIT 02: DETAILS OF WALLING SYSTEM (INTERNAL & EXTERNAL) AND OPENINGS Material Used For External Building Envelope: External:-

Internal:-

1. AAC Blocks

1. AAC Blocks

2. Aluminum Cladding

2. UPVC Windows & Wall

3. UPVC Windows & Wall Partition

Partition 3. RCC Shear walls

4. Jali Wall

Material Used For Openings 1. WPC Doors for toilets & Service Doors 2. HPL Board Partition for toilets EXTERNAL: For Block No. 02 same walling system is adopted.

1. AAC BLOCKS (AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE):  AAC Block is a lightweight, precast construction material that may be used to make concrete masonry units.  Composed of quartz sand, calcined gypsum, lime, cement, water, and aluminum powder.  Simultaneously this AAC block provides structure insulation, and fire- and mold resistance.  This Can be found in various forms such as blocks, wall panels, floor and roof panels, cladding (façade) panels, and lintels.

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Advantages of AAC Blocks:  Sound Proof- AAC wall has an excellent STC (Sound Transmission Class) rating of 44 which makes it soundproof material.  Thermal Insulation-Has got the highest thermal rating in the industry of R30, providing well-insulated interiors, keeping out warm air in summers and cold air in winters. Due to this, it reduces Air Conditioning costs by nearly 30%.  Fire Resistant- This block has Best in class fire rating of 4 hours with a melting point of over 1600° C, which is more than twice the typical temperature in a building fire (Typical temperature of building in fire 650° C).  Floor Space Area- General Thickness of blocks is 6”, so the use of thinner blocks(6" instead of 9" exterior walls) leads to an increase in floor space area and this value ranges between 3-5% approximately.  Pest Control- It does not promote the growth of molds as it is made up of inorganic minerals,  Cost-saving- Because AAC is lightweight, it substantially decreases the dead weight of the structure, resulting in steel and cement savings of up to 27 percent and structural cost reductions of up to 20 percent.

Because of its size, AAC wall construction uses one-third of the joints, resulting in a 66 percent reduction in overall mortar use. Its automated production method provides AAC with outstanding dimensional precision and smooth surfaces, reducing the requirement for three-coat plaster walls and allowing for a final 6 mm skim coat (putty/POP).  Energy Efficient- AAC is a green construction material that is 100 percent recyclable and is a popular walling material in LEED® certified structures 87 | P a g e

(ITC Centre, the highest rated green building has been built using AAC).

AAC is the most energy and resource-efficient product, using the least amount of energy and material per m3 of product. In contrast to the brick

production

method,

which

consumes

valuable

too-layer

agricultural soil, AAC employs Fly Ash (65% of its weight) and so gives the most constructive answer to the nation's fly-ash use problem.

Fig. 05: Different sizes of AAC Blocks available in India.

Fig. 06: View of AAC Blocks

2. ALUMINIUM CLADDING:  It is one of the most used types of cladding for building exteriors.  It is frequently chosen as the best cladding material for economic, practical, and aesthetic reasons.  This comes in a wide range of different cladding panels which enables every building shape and form as designed.

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Advantages of aluminum Cladding:  Very lightweight metal-Aluminium weighs in at about the third of the weight of steel. Also due to the lightweight, the process of installing the aluminum panels, aluminum louvers, or aluminum facade systems is much easier.  Resistant to corrosion- Corrosion has little effect on aluminum because of its protective oxide layer. Unlike copper, aluminum is unaffected by weather, and it will not rust or corrode with time, making it an excellent building material that will last for decades.  Flexibility- Aluminum has a low melting point, making it easier to form.

Aluminum is commonly utilized for unique designs that need curved, organic, or unusual forms because of its flexibility.  Aluminum is completely recyclable- Choosing aluminum entails selecting sustainability. Aluminum is entirely recyclable and will not lose any of its quality throughout the recycling process, which also consumes less

Fig. 07: Detail of Aluminium Cladding joint

energy.

Fig. 08: 3D view of AluminiumCladding joint.

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3. uPVC Doors, Windows & Wall Partitions: For Block No. 02 same system is adopted.  UPVC means un-plasticized polyvinyl chloride.  UPVC material is a cheaper alternative to the expensive timber and aluminum.  It is a popular material due to its durability and it is being a cost-effective option as compared to hardwood timber and aluminum.  It is also being known as PVC and PVCU.  This material has nearly totally replaced the usage of cast iron for plumbing, drainage, and doors and windows, as well as aluminum for doors and windows.

The benefits of using UPVC:  Typically most of this comes in white but is no longer limited to not only color but a series of customizable shapes, styles, and imitation effects such as wood grain.  It is an environmentally beneficial material since outdated PVC-U window frames may be recycled and repurposed up to ten times without degrading in quality or function. Offers excellent performance and durability along with this it costs less than aluminum and timber.  Long-lasting and requires less maintenance as compared to regular aluminum and timber.  Good thermal efficiency and sound insulation translating in reduction of energy consumption & noise.  UPVC has great strength, resilience, and robust character, which provides great security.

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 The typical life expectancy of UPVC windows is 40-80 years.  These are built primarily of recyclable materials to have a low environme ntal effect and a low carbon footprint.

Fig. 09: Use of UPVC Doors & Partitions in the buildings

Glass Specification: Double Glazed Glass:  Consists of two or more panes of glass separated by air (or gas) filled cavity that is entirely sealed, providing a transparent insulating barrier between the inside of your room and the outdoors.  A wide range of different glass types can be used in this such as Low-E value which further increases energy efficiency in the building and noise control.

Benefits of Double Glazing:  Better Insulation- Double glazing is more insulating than single glazing.

Because double-glazed windows offer a better barrier, the quantity of heat transmission between interior and external spaces is reduced.  Noise Reduction- Double glazing creates a calm and serene setting away from the noisy and bustling world outside, making indoor work areas more quiet and pleasant.

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 Reduced Energy Bills- As the amount of heat transfer between internal & external spaces is less, the load on HVAC equipment would be less.

Also, it provides a good amount of light into the interior spaces of the building, translating to much lower energy consumption and bills.  It is Eco-friendly- The previous century has witnessed remarkable expansion and development on the globe, which has been fueled primarily by fossil fuels. Their impact on the environment has been significant. Double glazing lowers energy usage and is thus far better for the environment. As a result, we must discover ways to decrease our environmental effects by employing eco-friendly approaches.  Easy Maintenance & Aesthetics- Other than the above benefits it has very easy to maintain & also provides good appeal to the building.

Benefits of Low e-value Glass: It is estimated that between 10 and 50% of energy loss happens through its windows and doors. Because 90% of the energy lost via windows is lost through the glass, it is preferable to supply glass with higher insulative qualities than conventional uncoated glass. This glass contains a coating that is wellknown for its low emissivity (known as low-emissivity film).

Other advantages are  UV-protection-low E glass is also able to prevent the vast majority of UV radiation. This not only protects humans but also your furnishings, as UV light has a sort of bleaching effect.  Less Glare-Reduces the glare from light sources compared to standard glass.

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 Reduced Energy Bills Bills- Makes building more energy-efficient, efficient, potentially saving you money.  Less Carbon Footprint Footprint- This decrease in your heating expenses corresponds to a decrease in total energy use, lowering your carbon footprint.

Fig. 10: Detail of Low e-value value Glass

Fig. 11: Details of Double-glazed glazed window

4. Ceramic Jali Wall: A jali is a term for a perforated stone or latticed screen,, usually with a pattern constructed through the use of calligraphy, geometry,, or natural patterns. This form of architectural decoration is common in some architectural styles, more generally in Islamic architecture architecture. The jali allows light ht and air while minimizing the sun and the rain. It helps in lowering the temperature by compressing the air through the holes.

Benefits of shear walls:  Jali is a green tool that can help you reduce the energy load of cooling and the costs associated with it.  Jali is an excellent substitute or complement for windows since it reduces glare while allowing in much much-needed needed filtered light without completely blocking the view outside.

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 The air moving within through small holes compresses and acquires velocity due to the normal physical behavior of fluids. When a result, as it emerges from the apertures, it naturally expands and cools, providing delightful cool air.  Jali allows us to look out but not be seen - this is primarily determined by the size of the slits (apertures) and the amount of light that passes through. 

Jali can be a very pretty addition to the facade, it introduces a sense of ornamentation and elegance to the building from inside as well as outside.

Fig. 12: Jali wall in the facade as a design element

Fig. 13: Play of light & shadow in internal spaces

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INTERNAL: 1. AAC BLOCKS (AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE): Same details as used for External.

2. UPVC WINDOWS & WALL PARTITIONS: Same details as used for External.

3. RCC SHEAR WALLS: A shear wall is a structural component that is intended to withstand lateral and seismic stresses. Shear walls are commonly utilized in high-rise structures, as are elevator core walls and walls around stairwells. It works as a cantilever beam supported on the ground. Along with enhancing the strength & stability of the structure, it provides adequate stiffness to the structure.

Benefits of shear walls:  It reduces the lateral sway of a building & also it is easy to construct and easily implemented at the site without needing any other bigger machines or equipment.  It is very effective in minimizing earthquake damage.  It is Cost-effective & the time required for construction is also less as compared to other methods.

Fig. 14: Detail of Shear wall with other structure

Fig. 15: View of shear wall 95 | P a g e

DETAILS OF OPENINGS: For Block No. 02 same system is adopted.

1. WPC Doors for Toilets:  WPC is a one-of-a-kind mix of wood fibers and modern plastic.  WPC Door is a new environmentally friendly material that can be recycled.  It offers the best advantages of plastic and wood.

The benefits of using WPC:  Water-Proof, Moisture-proof, and Lightweight structure  High strength, good toughness, no deformation, no cracking.  100% Eco-friendly product.  Cold and hot resistant, anti-aging, flame resistant, fire extinguishing.  Anti-corrosive, insect resistant, antibacterial, acid, and alkali resistance.

Fig. 16: Section of WPC Door Frame

Fig. 17: Application of WPC Door

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2. HPL Board Doors & Partition for Toilets:  HPL board (high-pressure laminate) also known as a Compact laminate board, or solid phenolic board is usually used as a decorative board that gives a variety of functions in many fields.  The boards are compact and particularly designed to resist water.  The fittings have been carefully engineered to endure repeated usage.

The boards have been prelaminated in a variety of colors.  It is very flexible (can be designed of any size) along with a fashionable appearance.

The benefits of using the HPL Board:  The compact laminate board is resistant to water, fire, termite, scratch, impact, and Lightweight structure  It is easy to install, less time-consuming, and easy to clean.  The color of the compact laminate board is not easy to fade.  The compact laminate board has High strength, Good toughness & also durable enough to be used for 10-20 years.  It is anti-corrosive, has no mildew, and has no peculiar smell.

Fig. 18: Application of HPL Board Partition

Fig. 19: Details of HPL Board Partition

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3. Rolling Shutters in Storage Areas:  A roller shutter, security shutter, or sectional overhead door is a type of door that is made up of several horizontal slats that are hinged together (or sometimes bars or web systems).  The door is lifted to be opened and lowered to be closed, can be even made motorized.  They have a wide range of applications, including van doors, garage doors, jail doors, warehouse doors, and so on.

The benefits of using Rolling Shutters:  The main benefit of roller shutters is that they provide security to your home from intruders. Other than protecting from intruders it also protects from extreme weather conditions.  It also provides Light Control and Privacy if designed appropriately.  It is easy to construct & install&It can be made in various design options, heights as well as materials.

Fig. 20: View of Non-perforated rolling shutter.

Fig. 21: View of Perforated rolling shutter.

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4. Louvered Window in Service Areas:  A louvered window is a type of window blind or shutter that has horizontal slats that are slanted to let in light and air while keeping out rain and bright sunlight.  The angle of the slats may be adjustable and can be even made motorized.  This is used in many areas such as service areas, garages, industries, warehouses, etc.

The benefits of using Louvered Window: 

Louvre windows can open 2X as wide as regular windows allowing for maximum airflow.



No expertise is required while cleaning Louvre Windows.



Adjustable slats will help to control direct airflow. You can angle the slats from fully closed to fully open and virtually any angle in between.



Louvre windows are versatile because they can fit into whatever design you might have. They are also available in different designs and styles.



Slats of Louvre windows are made of different materials like glass, aluminum.

Fig. 22: Views of types of Louvered windows in elevations.

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UNIT 03: SUITABLE FLOORING/ROOFING SYSTEMS MATERIAL SPECIFICATION FOR FLOORING OF: 1. Basement & Storage Area: Epoxy Flooring 2. Habitable floors: Vitrified tiles 3. Toilets: Anti-skid Vitrified tiles 1. Basement & Storage Area: Epoxy Flooring  Epoxy systems are made up of a mix of resins and hardeners. When resin and hardener are combined, they chemically react to produce a stiff plastic substance.  Since epoxy floors are so robust, they are widely applied in high-traffic locations such as industrial settings, hospitals, retail malls, and sports facilities.  It creates a smooth surface along any size floor that can endure for many years and maybe placed in various patterns to make visible driveways and/or indicate walking zones.  Also, Epoxy flooring provides a shiny high-gloss surface that can significantly increase the brightness of interior areas.

The benefits of using Epoxy Flooring: 

Epoxy flooring offers a hard-wearing durable surface because of which it can withstand heavy and continuous traffic, in spaces such as Shopping malls Car Parking, warehouses, etc.



This flooring is quick and easy to install, does not require any layout before installing, it has also got the advantage of cutting additional adhesives.

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

For laying for installation of this flooring it does not requires any special tools.



This flooring is durable, easy to clean, and also it requires little or no major maintenance.



This is ideal for large spaces such as warehouses, industrial applications, etc.



It has a great resistivity towards oil stains and water.



This epoxy flooring can be combined with paints and colors to mask off chips and crack, also to create interesting designs.

Fig. 23: Application of Epoxy Flooring in Car parking area.

2. Habitable floors: Vitrified tiles For Block No. 02 same system is adopted.  Vitrified tiles are made by blending fine minerals like clay and silica.  Vitrified tile is a ceramic tile with very low porosity.  A brilliant alternative to natural stone floorings such as marble and granite, vitrified tiles are low on absorptivity.  Vitrified tiles are often used outdoors due to their water and frost resistance.  They can withstand heavy foot traffic without revealing any signs of wear and tear

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 There are four types of Vitrified tiles – 1. Soluble Salt Vitrified Tiles 2. Double Charged Vitrified Tiles 3. Full Body Vitrified Tiles 4. Glazed Body Vitrified Tiles The benefits of using Vitrified Flooring:  They are more durable, scratch-resistant, have very less water absorption.  They are stain-resistant, do not collect dirt and grime easily. Also, it is easy to clean as it has a shiny surface.  Vitrified tiles are consistent in sizes, shades, and thickness  The color of the tiles does not alter or fade along its life span even when exposed to sunlight.  Vitrified tiles are easy to install and do not require any set time or polishing after installation. As a result, they can be utilized within 48 hours of being placed.  Vitrified tiles prevent bacteria and fungi from growing due to moistureresistant features.  These are easy to handle and install, also do not require skilled laborers.

Fig. 24: Application of Vitrified tiles in shopping malls.

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3. Toilets: Anti-skid Vitrified tiles For Block No. 02 same system is adopted.  These tiles have an anti-slip coating which keeps the friction high when the surface of the tiles is wet and soapy.  These tiles are moisture-resistant; it does not absorb moisture from floors. Also because of this feature, these tiles are reluctant to skidding even in wet conditions.  These tiles come in varying colors and different textures and sizes. Other than flooring, these tiles are used for walls.

The benefits of using Anti-skid Vitrified Flooring:  Prevent accidents & less friction: Walking on a surface that is slippery like ceramic tiles make people prone to accidents and it is as dangerous as it can get. Asanti-skid vitrified tiles are porous which in turn reduces the friction, makes slipping highly unlikely and easier for walking.  Low maintenance: Anti-skid vitrified tiles are water and stain-resistant.

So maintaining these anti-skid vitrified tiles is much easier when compared to the regular ceramic tiles.  Lasts longer than other tiles: Anti-skid vitrified tiles have a considerable amount of thickness and high resistance toward water and stains which makes them last longer than other ceramic tiles.  Shine- Due to the durability of these tiles, weathering process is slow which makes the luster of the tiles remains the same over time. They don’t get scratched easily, either.

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 Easy to install: Installing these tiles is quick, no expert labors are required, and has minimum or less setting time as compared to others.

They do not require any external anti-slip floor coating.

Fig. 25: Application of Anti-skid Vitrified tiles

4. Flooring on Bridges & Café areas: Parquet Flooring  This sort of flooring is made up of tiny pieces of wood that are placed in more appealing and decorative geometric patterns, such as the most popular herringbone pattern.  Parquet flooring is different from ordinary wood flooring where wooden planks usually wider than 10cm and longer than 1m are used.

The benefits of using Parquet Flooring:  One of the most important things about this flooring is that it is easy to maintain, clean, and repair.  This has also a wide range of popular Wood choices available such as oak, walnut, teak, cherry, beech, and mahogany.

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 Along with easy maintain an aesthetically pleasing and elegant look which adds a different character to space.  It is anti-skid in nature and also the smooth surface provides no place for dust or allergens to hide.

Fig. 26: Application of Parquet Flooring & its different varieties.

5. Flooring of pedestrian pathways & entrance area: Paver Blocks  Block paving is a commonly used decorative method of creating pavement or hardstanding.  These paver blocks are available in different colors, patterns & sizes.

Concrete paving bricks are a porous type of brick made by varying proportions of tiny stone shards, colors, cement and sand, and other elements.

The benefits of using Paver Blocks:  Unlike concrete or asphalt surfaces, paver bricks do not require specific upkeep. A simple water cleaning might assist in keeping the blocks clean and bright.

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 Paver bricks are extremely robust, and if properly connected, they may easily endure for 20 years. Paver blocks may also sustain heavy vehicle loads.  Paver bricks come in a variety of shapes and colors, making them extremely flexible. These blocks may be utili utilized ed in both residential and business settings.  • Paver blocks are slip slip-resistant and skid-resistant, resistant, and they may be utilized ed in all weather weather.

Fig. 27: Application of Paver Blocks & its different varieties.

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MATERIAL SPECIFICATION FOR ROOFING: 1. Flat slabs with Drop Panel & Column Head  A flat slab is a reinforced concrete slab that is directly supported by concrete columns without the need for beams. 

A flat slab is described as a one-sided or two-sided support system with the sheer weight of the slab centered on the supporting columns and a square slab known as 'drop panels.'

 Flat Slabs are regarded as ideal for most buildings and asymmetrical column layouts such as floors with curved forms and ramps, among other things.

The benefits of using Flat slabs: 

Flexibility in Room Layout- Flat slabs allow the architect to insert partition walls wherever they are needed, allowing the owner to modify the size of the room arrangement.



No False Ceiling- Use of flat slab allows the choice of omitting false ceiling. There are many innovations in design that allow it to be beautifully designed without any proper false ceiling.



Saving in Building Height- Because no beam is needed, the floor height and, as a result, the building height can be lowered. Approximately 10% of the vertical member might be spared, resulting in a reduction in Foundation load.



Less construction time- The use of a big framework helps to reduce construction time



Ease in Reinforcement placement & Framework- As reinforcement detailing of the flat slab is simple, it is easier to place.

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

Services- Due to no involvement of beam in the structure it provides great flexibility in laying out the services such as HVAC ducts, Electrical & Fire related lated Services, etc.

Fig. 28: Flat Slabs with Column head and Drop Panel.

2. Skylights:  A skylight is a light light-transmitting transmitting structure that forms all or part of a building's roof area for daylighting purposes.  The most significant advantage of skylights is that they let natural light into your area. Natural light has been shown to boost mood and even performance in the office.

The benefits of using Skylights:  Skylight windows may be opened to allow in the fresh air. This improves cross circulation on in congested areas, freshens the air, and cools your living spaces without using the air conditioner.

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 Saving on energy costs (electric and heating) due to ample amount of light and ventilation in space.  If designed properly along with the other design elements it can add great play of light & shadow in the space.  Adding skylights can make a room “feel bigger” and more spacious. Plus, you can get a view of the night sky or nature during the day.

Fig. 29: Skylights design showing play of light &shadow Fig. 20: Skylights design with glass

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UNIT 04: FINISHES FOR EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL WALLS MATERIAL SPECIFICATION FOR BOTH EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR WALL: Exterior Emulsion Paint:  Exterior Emulsion is a water-based emulsion with silicon additives that protects exteriors.  It has been designed to provide better hiding and coverage and a smooth matt finish for exterior walls exposed to sun rays, dust, rain, or pollution.  Emulsion paints are less hazardous than conventional oil-based paints, and virtually all manufacturers claim that they contain "zero volatile organic compounds."  Exterior Emulsion is suitable for climatic conditions ranging from dry to moderately humid.  It comes in a wide range of finishes such as gloss, satin, eggshell, silk, flat matt, or matt.

Benefits of using Ace-Exterior Emulsion Paint:  The emulsion paint is less odorous and non-inflammable hence it is safe for our health.  Water is used as the medium in emulsion paints, and the only things that evaporate and enter the air are hydrogen and oxygen. As a result, there are extremely few dangers for humans and animals around.  It offers excellent resistance to chalking, cracking, and weathering of external walls exposed to climatic conditions.  Does not require curing and regular maintenance hence saves time, effort, and money resulting in a long and economical run.

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 Emulsion paints provide a medium to a high level of washability. The surface shine has the greatest influence on washability.  Emulsion paints are less likely to attract the growth of algae over its surfaces making it an anti-alga performer.  Emulsion paints hold well to almost any surface. It can also use without any pre-treatment.  Other than the above benefits, the main benefits are a good aesthetic feel and thousands of color shades. With the availability of thousands of color shades, it has the capacity of creating millions of color combinations as needed.

Following are the few Companies that produce Emulsion Paint:  Asian Paints  Berger Paints  DeluxePaints

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UNIT 05: DETAILS OF VERTICAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM TYPES OF VERTICAL TRANSPORT SYSTEMS USED: 1. Capsule Lift: For Customers 2. Escalators: For Customers 3. Cargo Lift: For Services 4. RCC Staircase: For Services 1. Capsule Lifts: For Customers  These are special lifts installed to serve the function/purpose of the lifts as well as to enhance the elevation and look of the building.  Generally, it is installed in the lobby or on the exterior face of the building or at a place where it can enhance the look of the building.  Capsule Lifts have large transparent glass panels which provide a panoramic view of the surrounding.  Capsule lifts can accommodate from 8 persons to 40 persons in a single capsule according to its sizes & specifications.

Fig. 30: Capsule Lift examples

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Benefits of using Capsule lifts: 

The major qualities of these elevators are their design and the travel comfort they give to their customers.

 The inside design of these lifts is appealing, with a wide glass observation screen. While traveling, it gives panoramic vistas.  The ultramodern design of these lifts provides passengers with a cosmic zone travel experience.  When compared to traditional lifts, these lifts are more consistent, less costly, and require less maintenance.

Fig. 31: Details of Capsule Lift

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General sizes of Capsule lift:

Note- All Dimensions are in mm and based on automatic door requirements.

2. Escalators: For Customers  An escalator is a moving staircase that carries people from one floor to another floor of a building using a motor-driven chain of individually linked steps.  Escalators are often used in conjunction with the normal staircases and lifts or in places where lifts would be impractical.  Generally, this is used in shopping malls, airports, public buildings, etc.

Benefits of using Escalators:  Escalators can move large numbers of people. Also has no waiting interval as we have for lifts.  Many other modes of transportation become inoperable when they break down or lose electricity, yet a nonfunctional escalator can work as a regular stairway.  This can be incorporated easily into a building’s design scheme.  It has very little noise and vibration levels providing the smoothest, quietest ride.  They can be placed in the same physical space as normal staircases.

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Fig. 32: Images showing the use of Escalators.

Fig. 33: Images showing the details and mechanism of Escalator.

3. Cargo Lifts: For Services  It is a freight elevator goods lift designed to carry heavy goods rather than passengers.  One of the main advantages of cargo lifts is that they can be customized into any size as per requirement.  It is also economical because it does not need a pit or a shaft, and in many cases, the lift is self-supporting without any columns or shear walls.

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 With innovations in the industry, this has also become easy to operate with remote-controlled systems.  It can be installed anywhere in the building without any support due to its self-supporting structural feature.

Benefits of Cargo lift:  Cargo lifts are strong, more durable, and has better fire-resistant than any other lifts.  It has a lot of flexibility in sizes, colors along with this it saves money on construction because of its self-supporting structural feature.  The latest technology against corrosion makes it corrosion resistant resulting in less maintenance.  The structure itself is very stable, can carry heavy objects with ease and the maintenance is very convenient.  It is good transportation equipment in warehouses or factories for unloading and unloading of goods, to replace regular elevators which have high construction & cost needs.

Fig. 34: Images showing the Cargo lifts

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4. RCC Staircase: For Services  It is a flight of stairs with a supporting framework, casing, and balusters.  It is intended to link a huge vertical distance by breaking it down into smaller vertical distances known as steps.  Stairs can be straight, circular, or made up of two or more straight parts linked at an angle to provide better and more pleasing looks if correctly constructed.  The staircase should be preferably located centrally or as per design guidelines, ensuring sufficient light and ventilation.  The width of stairs should be minimum of 1.8 m& the flight of the stairs should be restricted to a maximum of 12 and a minimum of 3 steps.  The distance between the tread and the soffit of the flight directly above it should be at least 2.1 to 2.3 m, so that a tall person may utilize the stairs without difficulty.

Benefits of RCC Stairs:  RCC Stairs are strong, more durable, and has better fire-resistant than any other stairs.  Steps can be made into non-slippery it has very less or no maintenance cost as compared to other systems.  Stairs can be designed for greater widths and longer spans.  RCC Stairs can be precast or cast-in-situ.  In modern skyscraper construction always framed structures are adopted, for such structures, R.C.C stairs are the only stairs that can be used.

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Components of RCC Stairs:

Fig. 35: Images showing the different parts of the RCC Stairs.

DETAILS OF LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS USED(FLOWER BED):  The flower bed is a piece of ground in a garden, in a building or park where flowers are grown  These flower beds are planned at many different places in the proposed design, this landscape element is clubbed with the sitting to create a great experience for the users.

Fig. 36: Section of the flower bed with sitting. Fig. 37: Image of the sitting in café around flower bed.

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Thesis Topic:

Building Material Mall

Critical Appraisal of ESPLANADE ONE, BHUBANESWAR

Submitted by, Mr. YEMUL OMPRAKASH VILAS Vth Year (2016-21) FOA/BAR/2016-21/000050 Faculty of Architecture, Sri Sri University, Cuttack, Odisha

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CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF BUILT FORMS FACT FILE: Project name: Esplanade One Category: Retail, Commercial and Urban parkway Developer: Forum Group; The Blackstone Group Location: Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India Architects: Practice Design Pvt Ltd. Commencement Date: Oct 2014 Completion Date: April 2018 Opening Date: 12 July 2018 Site area: 08 Acres Built-up Area: 01 Million Sq. Ft. Cost of project: Approx. Rs.500 Crores PART 1: I.

INTRODUCTION: a) AIM:

To study & analyze flow, the hierarchy of spaces while designing the mixed-use building. b) OBJECTIVES:

1. To study the circulation pattern of different types of users.

2. To study space requirements & their arrangement according

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to the circulation pattern of usersalong with space hierarchy.

3. To study design features, themes/spaces, materials & services.

4. Vehicle circulation pattern & non-conflicting pattern design. c) SCOPE OF WORK: The scope of work undertaken for the analysis is:

1. Collection of Primary Data such as design concept, green

building features, planning and designing strategies, Basic architectural drawings through Developer websites, Blogs, Web Articles, etc.

2. Collection of data through secondary sources of information

such as interaction with the Design Team, the client, and the users.

3. Building Analysis is based on Simon Unwin’s book, “Analysing

Architecture”.

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PART 2: PRIMARY DATA/INFORMATION COLLECTION: II.

THE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN PROGRAMS  PROJECT BRIEF: Practice Design Pvt Ltd developed Esplanade One, one of the major retail malls in the state of Odisha, which is located in Bhubaneswar.

The Forum Group and The Blackstone Group created it. The Forum Esplanade in the city's Rasulgarh Chowk neighborhood is intended to offer a pleasant lifestyle idea to Bhubaneswar. The design suggested a huge Urban Plaza with a massive 30M tall retail and office tower abutting it, with a façade mimicking Odisha's renowned weaving pattern.

Esplanade is a 1 million square foot retail and commercial complex sprawled across an 8-acre area in the city's center. By Vaastu standards, a real dense hybrid structure with 200 outlets, offices, cafeterias, food courts, restaurants, family entertainment zones, multiplex, and multi-level parking (1000 vehicles space at a time) was achieved.

Fig.01: Picture showing satellite map of Esplanade mall (yellow marker) & surrounding area.

(Source:https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Esplanade+one/@20.2946297,85.859473,1564m/ data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x3a190b8e650730f1:0x7a898cea619ccb1b!8m2!3d20.2944933!4d 85.8631965)

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 SPACE REQUIREMENTS REQUIREMENTS:

 ZONING & PLANNING: The main challenge while designing the mixed-use buildings is understanding the circulation patternof different types of users without conflict, maintaining different types of zones according to priority.

To tackle the above key points in planning the following things have been implemented: 1. Different entry & exit points have been created for vehicles.

2. Different routes have been provided for 4-wheeler wheeler & 2-wheeler

vehicles.

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3. The Public & Office lobby has been provided separately to avoid

conflict & maintain privacy standards. rd

4. Ground to 3 floor has been provided with retail shops & Office

cubicles have designed above theretails floors with an introverted courtyard to maintain privacy.

5. The service building is provided on the side of the main building

with separate service entry points.

6. Entry to the Electrical & AHU Rooms has been provided through

the Fire exits & Fire staircasesacting as both service entry as well as an emergency exit in extreme situations.

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

OVERALL PLANNING & DESIGN EVOLUTION:

STEP- 01

STEP- 02

STEP- 04.

STEP- 05

STEP- 03

STEP- 06

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 ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES & ACHIEVEMENTS: Other than the regular architectural features such as horizontally & vertically staggered office courtyard planning, great façade treatment, etc. this project has achieved the milestones in other criteria also.

FULLY ECBC COMPLIANT: This mall is made fully compliant with the Energy

Conservation

Building

Code

to

provide

minimum

requirements for the energy-efficient design and construction of buildings. The scope of the code is limited to Building envelope, mechanical systems, and equipment, including heating, ventilating, and air conditioning, service hot water heating, interior, and exterior lighting, and Electrical power and motors, and renewable energy systems.

BARRIER FREE DESIGN: The barrier-free design in this building has been successful in providing an environment that supports the independent functioning of individuals. This has helped physically challenged people to participate without assistance, in everyday activities such as procurement of goods and services, community living, employment, and leisure.

SITE PLANNING: The most important thing while planning public buildings such as a mall, auditoriums, etc is the vehicular & pedestrian movements. In this building, separate entry/exit points, separate paths for 2-wheeler & 4-wheeler have been provided which has benefitted in easy accessibility & movements in the site, also in site connecting roads.

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NATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT: This mall is ranked as the 1st Largest mall in Odisha & also the 6th largest mall in India with the BUA of approx.

10 Million SQ. Ft. It contains around 200 outlets, 7 screen Cinepolis multiplex, and many other features which all together make it an impressive one and a signature mall for the capital city Bhubaneswar and State Odisha.

GRIHA RATING: On the 3rd March 2017 in New Delhi GRIHA Council has acknowledged the “Forum Group” (developer of the project) for the Exemplary Demonstration of “Construction Workers Health & safety”.

REFLECTION OF CULTURE: Odisha is known for its rich cultural heritage and historical sites, sculpture, dance, music, handwoven sari, and many others. During the design process, architects wanted something to be getting reflected on the facade of the building from the culture of the state in a most modern and fascinating way, which they have successfully implemented with traditional handwoven ikat or sari (Sambalpuri sari). This building is a great example of Contemporary Design inthe city known for its cultural heritage.

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

FLOOR AREA, ITS USES & AREA STATEMENT:

*Below given areas are brochure based approximate values*

SR.NO. 1.

FLOOR Basement

AREA (in Sq. Ft.) &

Upper 3 lakhs

CLUSTER Parking & Services

Basement 2.

Ground Floor

59,250 (Retail)

Entrance lobby

lobby, &

Office

Reception,

Management Room, Retail Area, Loading or Unloading 3.

First Floor

64,542

Area Retail Area

4.

Second Floor

71,090

Retail Area

5.

Third Floor

45,169 (Food Stall Area

Food Stalls/Courts, Offices,

without sitting)

Office Locker Room, Box

21,108 (Office)

Office

Fourth, Fifth & Sixth

67,171 Each Floor

Office Area, Multiplex Area

Floor

= 2,01,513

7.

Seventh

10,756 (Office Area)

Office Area, Multiplex Area

8.

Eight Floor

10,756 (Office Area)

Office Area, Terrace

9.

Ninth Floor

8,900 (Office Area)

Office Area, Terrace

6.



TOTAL AREA:

SR.NO.

TYPE OF SPACE

TOTAL AREA (in Sq. Ft.)

1.

Parking Area

3 lakhs

2.

Office Area

2,44,133 + 62,000 (25% Circulation) = 3 lakhs

3.

Retail Area

2,40,000 +1,00,000 (Multiplex, Food Court) + 60,000 (25% Circulation) = 4 lakhs

TOTAL AREA

10,00,000 Sq. Ft.

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III.

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING  SITE PLAN:

Source: https://www.forumprojects.in/projectListing.html

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IV.

CLIMATIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS: The state has a tropical climate, characterized by high temperature, high humidity, medium to high rainfall, short-mild winters & also climate change is a serious issue for Odisha because of the 480km coastline that is more vulnerable to climate-mediated cyclones and coastal erosion. The coastal state of Odisha’s i.e. The eastern region of India is a moderately seismic-prone area under seismic zones II and III, so it is also important to consider the Earthquake Resistant Design feature while designing. o STRUCTURE: To cope up with the earthquake & rainy climatic

conditions structure has been made RCC Framed Earthquake Resistant Structure. This structure has the capacity of withstanding wind speed up to 300 Km/hr. o ORIENTATION & PLANNING: The building is designed taking into

consideration its orientation and function. The major part of the façade faces east and west with larger openings ranging from East to North-west through the north.

To restrict the solar radiation, all the rooms which need complete enclosure such as auditoriums, service areas/corridors are located on outer faces to act as a thermal barrier. East & Northern parts of the building have been utilized for office spaces where the requirement of fresh air, light & ventilationis high.

The great part of landscaping & garden is provided in the front part

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of the site towards the east which acting as a welcoming gesture providing great ambiance, adds up a healthy & energizing character to the site. o BUILDING ENVELOPE: To restrict the solar radiation & cope up with

the high humidity facade is protected with cement plaster making it moisture-resistant and protect the wall against climate changes as well as environmental pollution. o PASSIVE COOLING STRATEGY: All the areas of the mall & office

spaces have been mechanically ventilated. It’s a necessary service that needed to be implemented due to the closeness of the coastline with the city.

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V.

USE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MATERIALS: o RCC STRUCTURE: The Esplanade One mall is Earthquake Resistant RCC Framed Structure. This structure has the capacity of withstanding wind speed up to 300 Km/hr. The structure did not have any damage during the cyclone fan which had wind speed up to 250 Km/hr. o WALLS: AAC (Autoclaved Aerated Concrete) blocks have been used for the walls which results in a reduction of overall Structural weight, reduces project cost for large constructions. It produces at least 30% less solid waste than traditional concrete & also most importantly there is a decrease of 50% of greenhouse gas emissions which makes it environment-friendly.

Fig.02: Showing the use of AAC blocks.

(Source: https://www.facebook.com/ pg/ PracticeDesign/photos/?ref= page_internal)

Fig.03: Showing RCC Structure Type.

(Source: https://www.facebook.com/pg/ PracticeDesign/photos/?tab= album&album_id=76425228370 8618&ref=page_internal)

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o EXPOSED CEMENT PLASTER FACADE: External Façade of the building

is an extensively Exposed Cement Plaster which minimizes the effects that produce urban heat islands, also absorbs less heat and reflects more solar radiation. Due to the Exposed Cement Plaster design, it also reduces the use of paint which in parts reduces VOC produced from paints. o EXTERNAL FAÇADE SHAWL/WRAP: The Wrap or The Shawl with

traditional ‘ikat’ patterns, wraps the lower segment of the building.

It is made of Zinc on an MS structure. Zinc adds a subtle shade of bling to the building because of its shiny & attractive nature, forms a protective patina that self-repairs imperfections & scratches throughout its life.

Fig.04:

External

used inthe

entrance.

Façadedepicting

“Neutral ConcreteBase & The Zinc Wrap”

(Source:https://sambadenglish.com/attack-on-woman-journalist-

shopping-mall-official-held-in- odisha-capital/)

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VI.

SERVICES: o LIGHTING & NATURAL VENTILATION: Office units are staggered

horizontally & vertically in a way office flow inside-out. This helps to have a self-shaded introvert courtyard throughout the day with a dynamic play of light & shadow. This helps in maintaining a good environment in office spaces also acts as recreational/breakout spaces, creates a great opportunity for social connections.

Fig.05:

Showing

introverted office courtyard.

o ENERGY GENERATION: The building is equipped with photovoltaic

solar panels on the roof to generate the electricity required for its requirements. From the Google Earth pictures, we can guess that it might not be generating the entire 100% of the electricity required but generates approximately5-10 kW amount of electricity.

Fig.06: Black rectangular part sowing Solar Panels on the roof.

Source:https://www.google.co. in/maps/place/Esplanade+one/ @20.2946297,85.859473,1564 m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1 s0x3a190b8e650730f1:0x7a89 8cea619ccb1b!8m2!3d20.2944 933!4d85.8631965)

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o AHU ROOMS, ELECTRICAL ROOMS, FIRE STAIRCASE & FIRE HOSE

REEL: As it’s a Mixed-use Building with a 1 million sq. Ft of BUA, the total number of people getting entertained by the building at a single time is very huge. You can’t predict when that will happen, but you can take steps to ensure that occupants stay safe and sound. So, Fire safety policies should apply throughout its operating life to maintain safety. It might seem like a hassle for now, but it could make all the difference between a minor scare and a serious emergency.

Fire Hose Reels has been designed as per norms maintaining the distance of 35 meters & also coveringall the parts of the floor.

Fire staircases & Fire lifts have been provided in a proper location, at a safe distance so that one can escape easily & safely through the building in case of emergency.

All the spaces of the mall are mechanically ventilated as Bhubaneswar has a lot of humidity & has a high temperature in summer times. Also, it’s a public building which keeps entertaining a huge number of people throughout the day which results in excess heat & poor air quality. To maintain good air quality & temperature air conditioners are a must.

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Fig.07: Ground Floor Plan showing services as mentioned in the index.

Source: https://www.forumprojects.in/projectListing.html

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o PARKING:

Approximately 3 Lakhs sq. Ft. of parking area divided into two level basements has been provided which can serve 1000 cars at a single time. Separate lobby & vertical circulation services have been provided in the basements themselves for both retail & office spaces which makes the space more organized, also minimizes clash between the type of users. o SERVICES BLOCK: A separate services block has been provided to

cater to the main building.Services in this building are

GENERATOR: This can cater to the entire building's electricity consumption for hours including AHU, lights, & many others.

CHILLER/AHU: An AHU has been installed to mechanically ventilate all the spaces of the building to regulate the humidity level & heat produced due to a large number of people.

LMR: LMR, or Land Mobile Radio, is push-to-talk two-way communication between radio transceivers. LMR is utilized in a variety of industries including mission-critical communications in public safety and private communications for commercial industries.

LMR is a primary communication method for these industries, enabling secure and instant daily communication.

To ensure the safety & security of the public during emergency

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times, an LMR system has been installed on top of the services block.

LMR is important because it is a communication method for those who need instant responses from their team, also to improve efficiency. Ultimately to have access to safe and secure radio communications.

Fig.08: Black rectangular part sowing Service Block & also LMR installation on theroof.

Source:https://www.googl e.co.in/maps/place/Esplan ade+one/@20.2946297,85 .859473,1564m/data=!3m 1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x3a19 0b8e650730f1:0x7a898cea 619ccb1b!8m2!3d20.

2944933!4d85.8631965)

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PART 3: SECONDARY SOURCES OF INFORMATION:

VII.

USER’S PERCEPTION: I feel the user’s perception plays a vital role in attracting new customers and retaining existing customers. Buildings can control many of the factors that build an individual's perception. The way spaces have been created/planned, its inviting characters such entrance, lawns & recreational spaces in buildings creates an aura for users which makes them visit every time.

Below written are the perceptions of the building & also to what extent the purposes or the building design are served in reality from the user’s point of view.

When the architect asked about how did this interesting eye-catching façade called “The Shawl” cameout?

Our design philosophy is Sensitive, active & layered. We feel that driving design through pure function& context is extremely simplistic, hence we make a place-making effort through our design process.

Same we did this project also. We did not want to look at the mall in a standard way - jazzy or shouting to make its presence felt during the design process. “The shawl” with traditional “ikat patterns” wrapped on the lower segment of the building made with zinc on an MS structure demanded it portrays the concept of femineity & the consumption profile through the culture of Odisha.

– Ar. Manash Sinha Roy, Director @ Practice Design Pvt. Ltd.

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The most beautiful mall in Bhubaneswar. It is a one-stop place for all the things you need starting from daily needs to decorative. It has all the promising and biggest brands available in Bhubaneswar right now. One of the main things an architect should focus on in a mall project is the parking, circulation, visual movement, and services, which according to me are very well designed with also considering barrier-free. The visual access point of view, signages helped me a lot in easy movement.

Outdoor landscaping is kept sweet and simple, food court seating I feel could have been organized better, feels clumsy in certain areas.

Giving a contemporary Design in the city of ancient architecture (temple architecture) has surely been a landmark now and a place to visit and hang out with your friends - Architecture students.

VIII.

The impact of the building on the environment: According to new research by construction blog Bimhow, the construction sector contributes to 23% of air pollution, 50% of climatic change, 40% of drinking water pollution, and 50% of landfill wastes.

So it is very very important for us as architects, to consciously use building materials. It does not stop with material selection; we must also consider the use/operational phase, because the use phase, i.e. the energy required for operation, has the greatest influence on the environmental impact of buildings. Buildings' operating energy requirement is influenced by the materials used in their construction. This is because physical characteristics, such as thermal

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inertia or resistance, differ. The capacity of different materials to retain thermal energy over time varies considerably.

I think the above things have been taken care of up to a certain limit in this Esplanade One building. But I feel if the architect or developer had considered green building features then it could have been a marvel of engineering along with less impact on the environment.

Other than the environmental effects, if we take a look at the effect of the building on surrounding infrastructure many more things come into action. If we think of this building from an urban planning aspect I think this can be the biggest fallacy. The approach to the mall, however, might be a disadvantage considering the congested road and heavy traffic flow. The parking area can accommodate around 600 vehicles at a time but the road in front of the mall is narrow, increasing the possibility of accidents. The mall is aesthetically pleasing and has modern architecture, but the exit for vehicles is poor. The road is filled with unevensurfaces and potholes.

Below are the listed materials which I feel reduces the impact on the environment: 1. AAC blocks - It produces at least 30% less solid waste than

traditional concrete & also most importantly there is a decrease of 50% of greenhouse gas emissions which makes it environmentfriendly. It has the potential in reducing the initial costs of buildings by 12.1% and saving energy by using different techniques up to 25%.

2. Zinc Wrap - The low toxicity of zinc sheeting is a major plus for

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the environment. Every year, more than 10 million tons (9 million metric tons) of asphalt shingles alone end up in landfills [source: Northeast Recycling Council]. Toxic chemicals in the shingles then leach into the soil. Conversely, zinc is nearly 100 percent recyclable. Besides, the water run-off from zinc roofing doesn't pick up additional chemicals that will taint the soil and groundwater supply.

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PART 4: ANALYSIS: (Based on two chapters from Simon Unwin’s book, “Analysing Architecture”)

ANALYSING ARCHITECTURE:

IX.

The purpose of this book is more basic, accessible, helps in the understanding of the nature of architecture, one that allows those who engage in it to know what they are doing. 

Basic Elements of Architecture: These elements are the bare essentials and hold the greatest importance in a work. All works should incorporate these elements in the design because it defines the creation of the platform of art and functionality it stands on. These are not the physical materials of the building - bricks and mortar, glass, timber, etc. - but the conceptual elements of architecture. And they should be considered not as objects in themselves, but in how they contribute to the identification (or making) of places.

Using the right element to design is important thus learning and understanding them, makes a difference in design concepts, presentation - the belonged and trusted feel.

The following is the list of basic elements of architecture:

o A defined area of ground: Ground Area means the total surface area

of land that would be converted to an impervious surface by the proposed project. The definition of an area of ground is fundamental to the identification of many if not most types of places. It may be

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small, or it may stretch to the horizon. It need not be rectangular, nor need it to be level. It need not have a precise boundary but may, at its edges, blend into the surroundings.

For Esplanade One, the site area is covered with the grey boundary wall & the hatched pattern acts as a defined area of ground as shown in fig. o Raised area, or platform: A raised platform creates a level horizontal

surface lifted above the natural ground. It may be high or low. It may be large - a stage or terrace; it may be medium-sized - a table or altar; it may be small—a step or shelf. o Lowered area or pit: A pit is formed by the excavation of the

ground’s surface. It creates a place that is below the natural level of the ground. It may be a grave or a trap, or even provide space for a subterranean house. It might be a sunken garden, or perhaps a swimming pool.

In this project two-level basement (as shown in Fig.09) has a BUA of 3 Lakhs sq. Ft. & a capacity of accommodating up to 1000 cars at a single time.

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Fig.09: The hatched part showing

Fig.10: Site entrance part showing raised levels

defined ground area

Source:https://www.justdial.com/Bhubaneshwa r/Esplanade-1-Mall-Near-Rasulgarh-IndustrialEstate-Rasulgarh/0674PX674-X674180205200743R1Z6_BZDETin garden side area, seating decks.

o Focus: It is defined as an element that draws attention at a glance. It could be a fireplace, a painting,or a single tree in a desert.

In the case of this project “The shawl” with traditional “ikat patterns” wrapped on the lower segment ofthe building acts as a focus point. (as shown in Fig.10)

Fig.11: Showing two level basements.

Fig.12: Entrance with ikat patterns & terracedining.

Source: https://threebestrated.in/shopping-malls-inbhubaneswar-or

o Barrier: The element that divides one place from another is known as

a barrier. It can be a wall, fence,compound wall, or just a psychological barrier. Glass walls & railings inside the malls at different levels act as a barrier.

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o Roof or Canopy: The roof divides a place from the forces of the sky,

sheltering it from sun or rain. Inso doing, a roof also implies a defined area of ground beneath it. A roof can be as small as a beam over a doorway, or as big as a vault over a football stadium.

In this building, the open area provided on the third floor catering to open dining surrounding the canopy of trees acts as a canopy & also provides a great ambiance to the people. (as shown in Fig.10) o Marker: A marker identifies a particular place in the most basic way.

It does so by occupying the spot and by standing out from the surroundings. It may be a tombstone or a flag on a golf course; it might be a church steeple.

In the entrance portion of the building, the landscaping has got water fountains as a design element. This portion is the main attraction of this building we can say as it has seen that many people sitting there, taking selfies. o Path: A place along which one moves; which might be straight, or

trace an irregular route across the ground surface avoiding obstacles is known as a path. A path might also be inclined: as a ramp, a stair, or even a ladder.

Pathways provided in the entrance portion, on the side of the garden acts as a path for users that gives a momentum feeling if we think from a design philosophy.

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Fig.13: Schematic plan showing the entrance part with water body & momentum in pathways.

Source: https://www.forumprojects.in/projectListing.html

o Openings: Doorways through which one may pass from one place to

another, but which are also places in their own right; and windows through which one can look, and which allow passage of light and air.

Both vertically & horizontally staggered design of the introvert office helps having self-shaded throughout the day with a dynamic play of shadow & light.



Modifying Elements of Architecture: The basic elements of architecture are abstract ideas. In their physical realization and our experience of them, basic elements and the places they identify are modified: by light, by color, by sounds,

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by temperature, by air movements, by smells, by the qualities and textures of the materials used, by use, by scale, by the effects and experience of time.

Though the use of the basic elements may be the primary way that conceptually organizes space into places, modifying elements contribute a great deal to the experience of those places. o LIGHT: Light is a condition of architecture, but it can also be used as

an element. Both natural and artificial can be manipulated by design to identify particular places and to give places a particular character.

Light can change the appearance of the building without changing the built-form in actuality. One should aware that there can be light places and dark places, places with a soft even light, and strong brightness. Different kinds of activity demand different kinds of lights.

In this mixed-use mall, all the office spaces have been designed in introverted characters facing towards the internal courtyard which is a great boom for light & ventilation. (refer Fig.05)

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Fig.14: Schematic section of the building through the office courtyard.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/pg/PracticeDesign/photos/?ref=page_internal

o COLOR: Colour, with light, can play a part in identifying a place. Light

itself can be any color; sometimes some objects change the color when light falls on them. A room painted a particular shade of green has a particular character, the room lit by daylight passing through colored glass windows has a particular character, Different colors and qualities of light may seem to suggest different moods. Colour is not only a matter of decoration or the creation of places with particular moods but also plays an important part in place recognition.

In all the interior parts of the building, the color palette has been kept very simple with white & light shades of grey along with white glass. o TEMPERATURE: Temperature plays a part in the identification of

place too. The temperature has always been a central consideration of architecture when thought of as identification of place. The

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temperature may or may not be associated with light.

All the parts of the mall, multiplex & office have been airconditioned. Office spaces have been provided with an internal courtyard full of plants, to create a relatively cool place as a respite from theheat. (refer Fig.05) o VENTILATION: Ventilation and humidity together they can identify

places which may be warm, dry, and still; cold, damp, and draughty; warm, humid, and still; cold, dry, and draughty; and so on.

Courtyards were the best air conditioners of ancient times, evaporation from this space creates cool airflows into the rooms.

In Esplanade mall, all the floors & spaces are mechanically ventilated except the office courtyard part & the food court terrace are naturally ventilated. (refer Fig.05) o TEXTURE: Texture is a characteristic which one can see but it is also a

characteristic which one can feel. In both above activities, it relates to the sense of touch & the sense of sight, which implies texture contributes to the identification of place it relates to. 

Architecture as making frames: The word ‘frame’ comes from the old English word framing, which means ‘to be helpful’. A frame is ‘helpful’ in that it provides support.

Thinking about architecture as frame-making is part of conceivingit as an identification of place. Frames define boundaries. Places in which things happen or are kept are made by the means of architecture.

Products of architecture are frames: the rooms within which we work, the pitches on which games are played, the streets along which we

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drive, the table where a family eats, the gardens in which we sit, the floors on which we dance…are all ‘frames’; and together they constitute a complex and extensive framework within which we live.

In Esplanade One, the building as a whole is framed by the outer boundary wall, but it contains many other frames too. The glass wall of retail stores (on the ground, 1st & 2nd floor of the building) acting as a physical frame in its structure, without which it would be formless. On the other hand, it has also helped in defining space: creating demarcations and an ordered relationship between ‘insides’ and ‘outsides’.

The retail stores frame social activities; the food plaza frames parties such as snack time parties, lunch parties, or dinner parties; the courtyards in the office spaces & a huge landscape at the entrance frame the trees, plants, fountains, and large stones they contain; even the multiplex forms a frame, and the two-level basement parking frames the car. Here people also make frames for movement, the game zone is a frame on which an artificial battle is fought; the pathways & internal roads frame its traffic; a multiplex frames a recreational activity.

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PART 5: CONCLUSION: The important thing while designing the public buildings is to segregate spaces according to the type of users& hierarchy of the spaces, segregation of vehicular/pedestrian movement, parking, visual movement, and services. According to my, all the above-mentioned things have been thoroughly applied & in a most artistic way marking the finest model of Architecture & Interior Design.

It has the most modern features as well as a green approach which makes the building more climate-responsive. The office part of the building allows ample daylight into the habitable spaces, results reduction of energy consumption as well as helps in maintaining a good & healthy indoor environment, which in turn increases the efficiency of the employees.

Two-level basement parking with separate entry/exit points is also the best example of area utilization, site planning which in turn also helps in traffic management & free circulation in & around the site. The roof is equipped with an LMR System, Photovoltaic Solar panels, which fulfills the security purpose of the public & some part of the energy need of the building respectively. A huge garden at the entrance grandly welcomes the public & it has been a great selfie-point & weekend gateway.

The Esplanade One, A Contemporary Design Model has been a landmark in the whole state of Odisha & also made its mark at the national level with its huge BUA, innovative use of materials, & many more features. Most importantly “The Shawl or ikat” reflecting the culture of Odisha made with zinc & MS framing has been a marvel of engineering & architecture.

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REFERENCES: https://www.practicedesign.net/copy-of-ntha-abtpc (date:07/10/2020) http://www.forumprojects.in/projectListing.html# (date:07/10/2020) https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/forum-group-starts-building-rs-500crore-mall-in-city-114102801454_1.html (date:08/10/2020) https://www.99acres.com/commercial-office-space-for-sale-in-forum-esplanade-rasulgarhbhubaneswar-724-sq-ft-r5-spid-D39112833 (date:26/10/2020) https://www.crisil.com/en/home/our-businesses/sme-offerings/realestate-gradings/rated-projects/bhubneswar/Esplanade.html (date:26/10/2020) https://www.nuaodisha.com/ContentDetails.aspx?cid=24919&todo=news (date:30/10/2020)

https://www.facebook.com/MYBhubaneswar/posts/esplanade-one-bhubaneswar-is-now-the6th-largest-mall-in-india-an-information-yo/2035317259825284/ (date:30/10/2020) https://www.99acres.com/forum-esplanade-rasulgarh-bhubaneswar-npxidc7007#showModal(date:31/10/2020) https://publications.waset.org/10010972/environmental-impact-of-autoclaved-aeratedconcrete-in-modern-construction-a-case-study-from-the-new-egyptian-administrative-capital (date:08/11/2020) https://gocontractor.com/blog/how-does-construction-impact-the-environment/ (date:08/11/2020)https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.5b01735 (date:08/11/2020) https://www.rheinzink.us/news/news-detail/article//is-zinc-the-new-green-standard-for-building/ (date:08/11/2020) https://www.surfacesreporter.com/articles/90/zinc-and-steel-facade-for-a-retail-mallin-bhubaneswar(date:09/11/2020)

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