òò òò ò ;qok ys[kdksa ds iFk izn'kZd ifFkd & vkfej efyd

,glkl gksrk gS fd vjfoan ifFkd th ,d Js"B lkfgR;dkj gksrs osQ lkFk&lkFk ,d vkd"kZd çHkko'kkyh O;ogkj osQ ekfyd gSa vkSj lacaèkksa dks fuHkkus esa dHkh dksbZ dlj ugha NksM+rs gSaA lp dgwa rks eq>s ml le; ,slk yx jgk Fkk tSls eSa fdlh lkfgfR;d ;k=kk esa u vkdj vius fdlh fj'rsnkj osQ ;gk¡ vk;k gqvk gw¡A ml oÙkQ muosQ iwjs ifjokj ls feydj yxk fd vjfoan ifFkd dks tks ;'k çkIr gS mlesa muosQ ifjokj] Lusg caèku vkSj çkIr laLdkj dk Hkh cgqr cM+k gkFk gSaA mudh fo'ks"krk gS fd oks vkt Hkh gj laHko iy esa ek¡ dh pj.kksa esa flj >qdkuk vkSj tUeHkwfe dh feêðh dks ekFks ls yxkuk ugha HkwyrsA dqy feydj vjfoan ifFkd th ,d lEiw.kZ O;fÙkQRo osQ ekfyd gSaA f'k{kd osQ :i esa ftu cPpksa dks os feys oks yksx Hkh lkSHkkX;'kkyh gSaA eSa Lo;a dks •q'kfdLer le>rk gw¡ fd eq>s cM+s HkkbZ vkSj fe=k osQ :i esa feysA pkiywlh] xzqickth vkSj dfo lEesyuksa dh O;kolkf;drk osQ nkSj esa tgk¡ yksx ,d nwljs dh Vk¡x •hapus osQ fy, volj ryk'k dj jgs gSa] ogka gekjs lEcUèk o"kks± ls eèkqj vkSj leHkko gSaA ;g esjh miyfCèk gSA cgqr [kq'kh dh ckr gS fd bl o"kZ oks vius thou osQ ipkl o"kZ iwjs dj jgsA tks'k] vuqHko vkSj Kku dh ;k=kk;sa mlh osx ls fujarj pyrh jgsxh] bl ckr dk fo'okl gSA ifFkd th osQ Lo.kZ t;arh osQ bl volj ij esjh cgqr cgqr cèkkbZ ,oa 'kqHkdkeuk;saA ân; ls ;gh dkeuk gS fd lkS o"kks± osQ ckn Hkh vki ;w¡ gh LoLFk vkSj çlUu jgdj lkfgR; dh lsok djrs jgsaA ,d lkfgR;dkj osQ gj i{k dks lEiw.kZ :i ls çnf'kZr djus osQ fy, ^Vªw ehfM;k* dks Hkh esjh vksj ls cgqr cgqr lkèkqoknA vkseçdk'k çtkifr th dh ;g if=kdk lnSo liQyrk dh Å¡pkb;k¡ Nwrh jgsA ,d ckj fiQj ls ofj"B lkfgR;dkj] dfo] O;aX;dkj] miU;kldkj cM+s HkkbZ vknj.kh; vjfoan ifFkd th dks tUefnu dh <sj lkjh 'kqHkdkeuk;saA Hkfo"; esa lkfgfR;d vkSj lkekftd ifjfLFk;k¡ tSlh Hkh gks vius eu dh ckr etcwrh ls j•rs gq, vki lnSo vkxs c<+rs jgsaA èkkjk ds lkFk Hkh vkSj èkkjk osQ foijhr HkhA bl NksVs HkkbZ dh ;gha 'kqHkdkeuk;sa gS& tks etcwrh ls viuh dg ikrk gS ogh vkneh rks bfrgkl cukrk gS fdrus vk¡èkh osQ >ksaosQ vk,axs&tk;saxs ifFkd fujarj vkxs c<+rk tkrk gSA

vjfoan ifFkd

;qok ys[kdksa ds iFk izn'kZd ifFkd

vkfej efyd] lg&laiknd ^orZeku ehfM;k*] fnYyh tc 'kkgtgkaiqj dh ckr gks rks cjcl Økafr dh ;knsa rktk gks tkrh gSaA tc 'kkgtgkaiqj osQ lkFk&lkFk Økafrdkjh Lojksa dh Hkh ckrsa gksa] rks lglk ,d ltx vkokt tgu esa rktk gks tkrh gSA fu%lansg ;g uke vjfoan ifFkd dk gh gksrk gSA ;w¡ rks mudh ohjjl dh vkstLoh dforkvksa us çdk'ku& çlkj.k osQ lkFk&lkFk eapksa dks Hkh xfjek çnku dh gSA ysfdu mudh Üka`xkj vkSj O;aX; dh jpukvksa us Hkh •wclwjr jl fc•sjs gSaA fo"k; vkSj jl osQ vuq:i gh 'kCnksa dk fof'k"V p;u mudh •wch gSA tks ikBd ;k Jksrk osQ eu rd lhèks igq¡prh gSA ;dhuu mUgksaus cgqr de le; esa ;g ifjiDork gkfly dh gSA ysfdu blosQ fy, mudk lkfgR; osQ fy, leiZ.k ,d cM+h otg cuh gSA viuh ljdkjh ukSdjh osQ ftEesnkjh Hkjs nkf;Ro osQ njfe;k¡ mudk lkfgR; osQ fy, tqM+ko fdlh ls Nqik ugha gSA blosQ fy, mUgksaus dbZ R;kx Hkh fd;s gSa] ftudks ,d fe=k gksus osQ ukrs eSaus dbZ voljksa ij eglwl fd;k gSA ,d gh 'kgj osQ gksus osQ ckotwn muls igyh eqykdkr fnYyh esa gh gqbZA bl igyh eqykdkr esa 99» çfr'kr ckrphr dk nk;jk 'kkgtgkaiqj rd jgkA fiQj yxkrkj eqykdkrsa gksrh jghaA vc ckrphr dk nk;jk reke lkekftd] lkfgfR;d vkSj jktuhfrd eqíksa rd iQSyrk x;kA geus dbZ vk;kstuksa] çdk'kuksa esa ftEesnkfj;k¡ lk>k djrs gq, ,d nqljs dks le>kA ;dhuu mudh lkiQxksbZ mudks lcls vyx djrh gSA vlgefr dks og etcwrh osQ lkFk ntZ djkrs gSaA tks muosQ vanj vkSj ckgj osQ varj dks [kRe djrh gSA ^ia- jkeçlkn fcfLey iQkmaMs'ku* osQ laLFkkid vjfoan ifFkd us Hkwys&fcljs Økafrdkfj;ksa dks lkeus ykus osQ vufxur vueksy ç;kl fd;s gSaA rkfd ubZ ih<+h viuh fojklr dks tkuus&le>us ls eg:e u jg tk,A mUgksaus dfork] xhr] O;aX;] fiQYe leh{kk vkfn fo"k;ksa ij foiqy ys•u fd;k gSA muosQ lkjxfHkZr ys• fofHkUu i=k&if=kdkvksa osQ fgLlk jgs gSaA mudks ljdkjh&xSj ljdkjh laLFkkvksa osQ vusd eku&lEeku vkSj iqjLdkj çkIr gks pqosQ gSaA buesa ^vf•y Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk lkfgR; lEesyu* dk ^lkfgR; Jh* vyadj.k] ^HkkÅjko nsojl laLFkku* dk ^;qok lkfgR;dkj iqjLdkj* rFkk ^fganh lkfgR; eaMy* ukFk}kjk dk ^fganh lkfgR; euh"kh* lEeku çeq• gSA vjfoan ifFkd dh çdkf'kr Ñfr;ksa esa ^eSa vaxkj fy•rk gw¡* (dfork laxzg&çdk'ku o"kZ&1998) ^v{kka'k vuqHkwfr;ksa osQ* (xhr laxzg&çdk'ku o"kZ&2003] rFkk ^fcfLey pfjr* (egkdkO;& çdk'ku o"kZ &2006)] ^cl FkksM+k vk'kh"k pkfg,* (xhr laxzg&çdk'ku o"kZ &2016)] D;ksa fy•wa eSa\ (Nan eqÙkQ&dfork laxzg&çdk'ku o"kZ &2016)] tqxkM+ rduhd osQ fofoèk vk;ke (O;aX; laxzg&çdk'ku o"kZ &2017) 'kkfey gSaA ;dhuu ;g vkjEHk gSA mudh ;ksX;rk vkSj leiZ.k mudks cgqr vkxs ys tk;saxsA ;g lp gS fd djhch fe=k gksus osQ ukrs esjh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡ ges'kk muosQ lkFk gSaA ysfdu ;g Hkh mruk gh lp gS fd bl iFk ij gkfly gqbZ gj liQyrk mudh viuh çfrHkk dh cnkSyr gSA

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