Urban Design + Architecture Portfolio (2017 - 2019)

Urban Design + Architecture Portfolio 2017 - 2019 Kaitao Wu

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CONTENTS 1

A RENOVATION PLAN FOR DOWNTOWN CHAMPAIGN, ILLINOIS

1

1-0

Introduction

1

1-1

Regional Context

3

1-2

Land Use Analysis

5

1-3

Transportation

7

1-4

Lynch Analysis of Existing Neighborhood Elements

9

1-5

Strategy - Surface Parking

11

1-6

Strategy - Complete Street

13

1-7

Strategy - Green Infrastructure

15

2

800 SQ. FT. DWELLING

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2-0

Introduction

17

2-1

Sequence Diagrams

19

2-2

Section

20

2-3

Floor Plans

21

2-4

Elevation

22

2-5

Model Details

23

3

CHAMPAIGN MARKET HALL

25

3-0

Introduction

25

3-1

Sequence Diagrams

27

3-2

Floor Plan

28

3-3

Elevation + Section

29

3-4

Isometric Drawing

31

3-5

Rendering

33

4

301 HOUSE

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4-0

Project Details

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5

VILLA FARNESE

37

5-0

Project Summary

37

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INDIVIDUAL RENDERING PROJECTS

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6-0

Rendering - Karolinka Institutet

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6-1

Rendering - Geovetenskap

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6-2

Rendering - Krannert Center for the Performing Arts

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1-0

A RENOVATION PLAN FOR DOWNTOWN CHAMPAIGN, IL Urban Analysis + Design, 2017 This Project contains two sections: an urban analysis of downtown Champaign and a proposal to improve existing issues and problems.

The purpose of the analysis is to talk about when, how and why the downtown Champaign becomes the way it is. The proposal is to talk about what can it be in the future by analyzing its connections, land use, neighborhood development, infrastructure and to provide a design proposal. Lynch’s analyzing method will provide the basis for renovation plan, together with other study report, a more health-developed heart of Champaign could be created.

The study area locates in Champaign-Urbana, a twin city in eastern Illinois. The oldest street in this neighborhood is over 60 years old while the youngest about 30 years. Here lives about 1505 people according to the U.S. census bureau. The zip code they commonly use is 61820.

When defining the study area, the team intentionally included all important buildings and landmarks that are closely related to the traditional civic functioning of downtown Champaign, as well as the residential and commercial units that are two blocks within the core area in order to dig into the interaction of different land usages and the effect of natural and artificial traffic obstructions (Healey Street detention basin and the rail)

Course: UP 426 - Urban Design Principles Instructor: Devin Lavigne, Kai Tarum Collaborator: Nibing Peng, Claudlene Saint Vil

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To

ia or Pe

1-1

REGIONAL CONTEXT Downtown Champaign sits at the intersection of south-north and east-west railroads. It

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also locates at the center of Champaign-Urbana Metropolitan. The strong connection to different directions, leading to some larger major urban centers such as Chicago in the north, St. Louis in the south, Springfield in the

N Mattis Ave

south-west, and Indianapolis in the east, make downtown Champaign potential for high concentration of commercial and service industry. With the campus town i.e. University of Illinois-Green street corridor, and downtown Urbana, several major employer centers are de-

W Bradley Ave

fined in the region:

To St Louis

•• University of Illinois campus (for education);

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•• Carle and Presence Covenant Medical Center (for health services);

W

•• Downtown Urbana and Savoy (for services and recreation);

CHAM

•• Market place (for retails and recreation); •• U of I research park (for research and innovation).

For a long time, downtown Champaign had played a role mostly in civic service. It stays

W Windsor Rd

3

S Mattis Ave

d S

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To Springfield

Champaign-Urbana is also east-west.

S R is in g Rd

through bus and roads. East-west bound roads are more important regarding the layout of

W Kirby Ave

S S t a le y Rd

connected with it surrounding area mainly

o To C hica g

ica go

Ch

To

Blo

om

N L i n c o l n Av e

W Oaks Rd

ing

N N e il St

N M a r ke t S t

W Olympian Dr

ton

Rd

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Champaign

E Bradley Ave

To Indianapolis W Church St

E University Ave

W University Ave

MPAIGN

URBANA E Green St

E Main St

W Green St

E Florida Ave

S R a c e St

E Windsor Rd

To New Orlea

ns

P h ilo Rd

S F ir s t St

S P r o s p e c t Av e

E Kirby Ave

S L i n c o l n Av e

E Washington St

Study Area Park and Open Space Rail Road Interstate/Highway

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0.5

1

2 Miles

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1-2

LAND USE ANALYSIS Urban mixed use and multi-family residential occupy a high proportion of area of downtown.

Commercial and urban mixed use develop along Neil Street and University Avenue, with parking lots surrounding the center. Public open spaces locate at the edges of downtown area and are attached to residential. Community facilities also massively locate in downtown area. Currently, the several industrial businesses still remain in downtown area along the rail road, reflecting the old rail-oriented pattern of industry.

Referring to general context, Downtown Champaign is sparsely developed. Building sizes and location diverse a lot, commercial, mixed use, institutional and civic building are in relatively bigger sizes, tend to locate in central downtown and have bigger gaps in between due to vacant lot, parking lots or green space.

Some gaps such as Boneyard Creek serves important environmental roles and should be well preserved, while some vacant lots have only negative effect to either traffic condition or neighborhood density. Surface parking also massively sits in downtown area which reduce the building density significantly.

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Urban Mixed Use

Multifamily Residential

Industrial

Parking

Commercial

Multi-Family Residential Community Facility Downtown Commercial Downtown Mixed-Use General Commercial

Open Space

Neighborhood Commercial Surface Parking Light Industrial Park and Open Space Other

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500

1,000 Feet

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1-3 E Columbia Ave

TRANSPORTATION

E Washington St

of 3 collectors, plus 2 out of 5 paths) adds diffi-

W Church St

culty to route choosing; Number of collectors equals that of major ar-

W University Ave

EM

ain S

Neil St

Too many one-ways (1 out of 2 arterials, 2 out

N Randolf St

Most signal lights gather in downtown area;

t

terial, thus collectors are not enough; Road width of is too narrow prevent traffic congestion during peak time. Take the only two arterials as example, Neil St. has 2 lanes for two directions and one spare lane, and Kirby Ave.

W Springfield Ave

has 2 lanes for two directions, no spare lane.

There are two different shapes of street lights,

W Green St

one of them does not provide enough downward light for road.

Currently these parking spot serve for banks, restaurants, car dealers, maintenance and inte-

Road

rior decorating; Potential truck parking area could support further commercial development; There could be more truck parking spots in southeastern area if the density is to be improved.

E Columbia Ave

Compared to the area defined by the boundary, the 5 bike trails are far from enough; improved if there is an integrated net of bike

W Church St

lane, however currently these lanes are not fully connected;

Neil St

Sustainability of the neighborhood could be

N Randolf St

E Washington St

EM

W University Ave

More bike lanes should be added to path, especially in eastern and northern part of the area.

W Springfield Ave

Arterial Street Collector Street Local Street Bike Path

W Green St

One Way Signal Light Truck Spot

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7

500

1,000 Feet

ain S

t

E Columbia Ave

Neil St

W Church St

N Randolf St

E Washington St

EM

ain S

t

W University Ave

W Springfield Ave

W Green St

d Hierarchy

Bike Path

E Columbia Ave

W University Ave

EM

Neil St

W Church St

N Randolf St

E Washington St

ain S

t

W Springfield Ave

W Green St

Truck Spot

Signal Light & One Way 8

1-4

LYNCH ANALYSIS OF EXISTING NEIGHBORHOOD ELEMENTS This section analyzes the main elements of downtown area with Lynch Element Analysis.

Nodes: three nodes clusters in central part, the the traffic burden of Neil. St.

W Church St N Neil St

buses around Illinois terminal could aggravate Edges: Railroad and Healey Street detention basin in southeast are two edges that could not be bridged, west side park could only be accessed by pedestrians, other than that, transferring vacant land to buildings can strengthen

W University Ave

the interconnection of different land parcels.

Districts: in recent 20 years the major change of the neighborhood is the renovation of Neil St. Which tightens the connection of the neighborhood by improved traffic condition.

Paths: the sidewalk width and railroad problem has been mentioned in last page.

Landmarks: Although there is considerable portion of commercial land use, nearly all nodes marked belongs to civic service, partly due to the civic service role that the downtown has

W Springfield Ave

long been playing. Most nodes lie in west of the railway, which shows the railway barrier has hindered the spreading of civic service spot.

Green St Path Downtown Area District Barrier Node Landmark

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9

500

1,000 Feet

Landmark - Champaign City Hall Locates at the center of Downtown Champaign, surrounded by commercial and offices.

E University Ave

Major Path - University Avenue E Springfield Ave

Provides recreation and retail attracting customers from Champaign-Urbana Metropolitan Area

District - Center of Downtown Some of the largest employers settle along Neil street including Christie Clinic.

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1-5

STRATEGY - SURFACE PARKING

Existing Surface Parking

The building density in downtown area remains relatively low due to the surface parking occupying space between buildings which shapes the fragmented pattern. The parking is design for more than actual demand regarding the number of parking. Up to thirty percent of parking is wasted. Moreover, the paved hard surface increase surface run-off during storm weather, and therefore, it creates significant stress on the drainage system and increases possibility of flood hazard.

The renovation plan provides strategies to improve the exiting conditions. Currently, downtown Champaign has fifty-eight surface parking. Forty-two of them can provide less than forty percent of the total parking, 1500 space, which indicates that most of the surface parking can be integrated to a larger parking, Parking building is a feasible option for downtown.

Two parking buildings are in use currently, providing seven hundred parking space. To utilize space most efficiently, the plan proposes to build a parking building with capacity of five hundred parking space at Walnut and Washington to replace surface parking at the northeast corner of downtown area. It also proposes to build a parking building at University

Existing Par

and Neil with capacity of five hundred parking

Existing Sur

spaces to replace surface parking in the south-

Building Foo

west of downtown area. The proposed southeast parking building at Illini Terminal providing four hundred parking space can serve as the parking center for Illini Terminal and the surrounding area.

After the reconstruction, the city of Champaign can either change the land use of the original surface parking for new development or for open space and green infrastructure. This movement can beautify the downtown area and can create a walkable community for all.

0

500

1,000 Feet

Existing Condition Example

The surfacing parking on Neil Street occupies a land entire land parcel, with most park 11

Proposed Parking Change

Redevelopment

rking Stack

Proposed Parking Stack

rface Parking

Proposed Surface Parking

otprint

Building Footprint

king space empty.

Reconstruction Example The parking building on Neil Street as an annex of Hyatt Champaign provides five hundred parking space.

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Pedestrian

1-6

STRATEGY - COMPLETE STREET

Walking is encouraged in downtown area to reduce stress on the traffic

Current traffic condition in downtown Cham-

system. Street-front area for stores

paign is not satisfied. Speed limits on Neil

are enlarged to create more space for

Street is 35 mph. However, drivers report that

walking.

when passing through downtown area, speed can hardly reach 25 mph. Moreover, the downtown area is not friendly for neither pedestrian nor bikers. Due to the one-way setting of Neil Street, bike lanes are not provided on it which cause difficulties for bikers to enter and tran-

Bicyclist

sit in downtown area. Sidewalks occupied by

The complete street plan includes

street parking remain only eight feet wide in

adding bike paths for both direction on

some sections. People and vehicles scramble

Neil Street, replacing one original car

for space to pass. This plan proposes complete

lane, to provide convenient bike transit

street to create more space for pedestrian with

downtown area.

minimum influence to road traffic by reducing street parking.

Bus stop signs are too small to recognize/ Heavy traffic on Neil Street/One direction, two

Bus

driving lanes(10ft each), no bike lane/8 trees on

Buses are transportation which can

both side of the street/some cracks. Change

efficiently provide transportation for a

bus signs into bigger ones with more vivid col-

large number of passenger in downtown

or/Divert traffic to Randolph Street by making

area.

it a two-way street/Change street lights to provide enough illumination//Repair crack Most of surface parking and street parking will be removed, resulting the reduce of car traffic in downtown area, air quality, safety of passing street, walking, and biking will be improved.

Car

Noise will be also reduced, and the street will

Private vehicles are not encouraged

be less crowded. Beginning with Neil Street,

to drive through downtown. To pass

more complete streets should be provided in

through downtown, private vehicles

downtown area including University Avenue

should take alternative routes.

and Walnut Street.

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Neil Street

University Avenue

Walnut Street

Street Parking

Car Lane

Car Lane

Street Parking

Neil Street Section (from south) - Existing Condition A complete street plan is generated for Neil Street from University Avenue to Washington Street in this chapter. Existing Neil Street is made up of two one-way (southward) lanes and lanes for street parking on both side of the road. It is proposed that the street parking lane in the east side is replaced with bike lanes of both direction, separated with median strip integrated with the green infrastructure (see next chapter). One car lane remains with sidewalks enlarged from eight feet to up to twenty feet. A part of the space can be used as store-front sitting and green infrastructure.

Street Parking

Car Lane

Bike Path

Neil Street Section (from south) - Reconstruction

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1-7

STRATEGY - GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE Downtown Champaign currently has low intensity of buildings. Urban gaps are filled with surface

2022

parking and therefore, the utilization rate of the

In the first five-year period,

area also remains low. Instead of filling the gaps with buildings, another ideal plan is to introduce a green infrastructure system and low impact de-

green roofs are installed on public buildings.

velopment.

Regarding to the climate conditions of Central Illinois, where storms usually bring short and heavy precipitation and causing flood hazards in urban area, the green infrastructure system helps to hold water respectively and provide water when in need. The system includes green roof systems, water storage parks, and basins.

2027 In the second five-year

Green roof systems absorbing heat in hot-dry

period, green roofs are

weather, reducing electricity usage by air condi-

installed

tioning, can also absorb water on the roof during

mixed-use buildings with flat

storms and transfer water to the filter installed

roof.

on

new

urban

in buildings. The part of the water will be transferred to detention basins, while the remaining can fulfill the water consumption of the green roof in dry weather. The installation of green roof system requires a strong structural intensity of the roof and building itself. About forty percent of commercial and urban mixed-use buildings are qualified for this renovation. A twenty-year plan is made for this movement, with public buildings being the first, then the commercial and mixeduse buildings, lastly, a part of residential.

2032 In the third five-year period, green roofs are installed on more urban mixed-use and commercial buildings.

The water storage parks are designed to integrated with the green roof systems. This equipment can be set under a normal park, or under the median strip. The parks should be under set below roads or sidewalks to receive run-off from hard surfaces. Similarly, to green roofs, the water is stored in the underground water storage when receiving precipitation. The water will be transferred to detention basins or remained for water consumption.

Detention basins can receive run-off from green roofs and storage parks. Basins also beautify the environment, providing open space for human and wildlife. The Boneyard Creek Detention Basin has been in use and has reduced the flood hazard on Green Street and of University of Illinois campus significantly.

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2037 In

the

fourth

five-year

period, green roofs are encouraged to installed on residential buildings.

Green Infrastructure - During Storm Weather During storms, run-off on hard surfaces including paved roads, sidewalks, and elevations of buildings, flows to either green roofs or water storages

Green Infrastructure - During Dry Weather In dry weather, water stored in storages will be pumped up to the vegetations on surface.

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2-0

800 SQ. FT. DWELLING Architecture Design, 2018 The building locates on a ten-degree slope inclination, with a northwest-southeast creek running through. To adapt the dry climate, also to make the best use of exterior space, the stairway is installed inside the wall, instead of in the building. And therefore, the vertical circulation is implanted to the wall. The building is built with concrete and giving a sense of heaviness. The thick outer wall can be as thick as two feet to bear the stair and structure upon it. The inner wall, is set to be four inches to increase heat exchange. Several openings are set on the building to promote light and circulation of fresh air. In total of four floors, the first floor and the third floor are defined as double height to create a comfortable space for the living room and the study, while the kitchen/dining room, and the bedroom keep to height of nine feet to generate private experience.

Course: Arch 274 - Design Strategies

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Step 1. Potential Site

Step 2. Site Clean-Up

The site locates at a 100 slope inclination with good

Connecting two flat area with a stair cutting into the

interaction with a creek running across the site

slope, forming the site

Step 3. Extruding Cuboid

Step 4. Dividing Floors

Creating the entity for the project - a cuboid concrete

The cuboid being divided into four floors

structure, on the larger flat area

Step 5. Pushing to Form Stairway

Step 6. Circulation Complete

Pushing the stairway into the wall to create a in-wall stair

Stairway being set in wall with openings for door and

serving as circulation for the building vertically

windows on the inner surface of the stairway 2-1 Sequence Diagrams

19

0

2.5

7.5

15 ft

2-2 Section 20

Living Room

Kitchen + Dining Room

Guest Bathroom

Entrance

First Floor Plan

Second Floor Plan

Entrance facing south, first floor including an entrance, a

Kitchen and dinning room sharing half of the floor space,

guest bathroom and the living room

leaving the rest open to the third floor

Bathroom

Bedroom

Study

Third Floor Plan

Fourth Floor Plan

A private bathroom and study set at third floor, utilizing

The bedroom locating at the fourth floor to make sure

the whole floor

the best view belonging to the resident 2-3 Floor Plans

21

0

2.5

7.5

15 ft

2-4 Elevation 22

2-5 Model Representation 23

2-5 Entrance Detail

2-5 Facade Detail 24

3-0

CHAMPAIGN MARKET HALL The Champaign Market Hall is built on a existing site of surface parking in Downtown Champaign, Illinois. Located in the north-west corner of intersection of Hill Street and Neil Street, the Champaign Market Hall provides an ideal site for farmer’s market and farm product exchange, regarding its perfect location (Downtown Champaign & Tax Increment Financing District), and convenient transportation. The hall provides thirteen 10’ x 10’ stalls, three 10’ x 20’ stalls, and two 20’ x 20’ stalls, with total public area of 1600 square feet. The one-story structure is accessible to disables and is compatible to ADA, including public gathering area, market administration room, storage, loading area, and mechanical room.

The design of the Champaign Market Hall presents a combination of heaviness and lightness. To utilized these spacial vocabularies, the heaviness and lightness are well defined and imple-mented to different usages. The heaviness component is built with faced-concrete and is set with less opening which is the home to private areas including restrooms, loading area, stor-age, mechanical room, and market administration room. The lightness component including the major gathering space is built with wood-frame structure, and enclosed with glass which allows natural light influencing the inner space of the design.

Edward C. Earl Prize - First Prize School of Architecture, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

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Step 1. Site Clean-Up

Step 2. Extrude Cuboid

To best utilize the site and to satisfy the Zoning

120’ x 80’ x 30’ is the maximum volume for the project’s

Ordinance. The building footprint is designed to

site which allows maximum of 150 customers in the

occupied 80% of the parcel’s total area

market hall at the same time

Step 3. Lightness vs. Heaviness

Step 4. Structure Development (Private Area)

The building is divided into two components: •• Public Area (the market)

The Private Area is covered with heavier material (concrete) to ensure privacy and avoid noise

•• Private Area (Administration/Office, Loading Area, Mechanical Room, and Storage Room)

Step 5. Structure Development

Step 6. Maximize Space and Sun Light

The Public Area is covered with lighter materials (wood) .

Since the ten-story Hyatt in the south across W

The structure is able to allow more sun light to get

Washington St, the building utilizes every face of its

through the structure into the main hall

structure to allow more light

3-1 Sequence Diagrams 27

A

10

11

12

N Neil St

9

4

8

7

5

6

3

2

1

W Washington St

0

10

30 ft.

A

1

Main Entrance

2

Gathering Space

3

10’ x 10’ Stall x 3

4

10’ x 20’ Stall x 2

5

10’ x 10’ Stall x 10

6

20’ x 20’ Stall x 2

7

Male Restroom

8

Female Restroom

9

Mechanical Room

10

Storage Room

11

Loading/Unloading Area

12

Market Administration

3-2 Floor Plan 28

3-3 East Elevation

3-3 A-A Section (East Section) 29

1 / 16” = 1’ - 0”

1 / 16” = 1’ - 0” 30

3-4 Isometric View from South-East 31

32

3-5 Market Interior Render (Facing North) 33

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4-0

Axonometric Diagram

THE 301 HOUSE Architecture Design, 2018 The 301 House is a dwelling for a young couple in Kyoto,

Private Space

Japan. Commissioned in a 4 x 10 m site, this building rises

Public Space

to three floors allowing a total area of 120 sq. m to fits living room, kitchen, bedroom, recreation room, and an art studio. Due to the restriction of the site, the project starts with stacking cuboid. With pushing, offsets are set

Frosted Glass

at each floor. Pushed walls are filled with concrete. The un-pushed sides are installed frosted glass. The whole building stresses a combination of heaviness and lightness. Major components are frosted glass and concrete.

Faced Concrete

Walls and floors are built with solid, plain concrete without any cover on the surface. Frosted glass surrounds the exterior of the entity of building without touching the walls. The glass is hung on the large concrete support which is also supporting the floors. The frosted glass material is set to allow lighter coming in to the building which is closed in three elevations and surrounded by houses from three directions. The facade is open to street. To provide better privacy, arrayed concrete sticks rise in behind glass, preventing direct penetration of light and unexpected view from outside. A concrete gate in front of

Third Floor

the building is a abstract version of the Torii reflecting the couple’s Japanese identification. The gate does not provide real security. Instead, it helps create an extra cover for the living room and stair up to the bedroom.

er

W in te r

Su m m

Volumetric Diagram

Accessibility

Second Floor

Solar Path

First Floor

Security + Privacy

Vegetation

Individual Design Project

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5-0

VILLA FARNESE GIACOMO BAROZZI, 1559 Architectural Analysis, 2018 Villa Farnese (Palazzo Farnese) was built by the grandson of Pope Paul III and designed by Giacomo Barozzi in 1559. The regular-pentagonal building stands at the key point of the town of Caprarola. At each of the vertex of the pentagon, there is a observatory. A tower standing at the top vertex is the highest point of the complex even in the town. The regular-pentagonal floor plan makes all the vertexes of the five observatories touch the boundary of a perfect circle which includes the whole building.

Squares and circles are most commonly used to manage space. Pentagonal arrangement of space creates a structure with thick walls at every direction and therefore these walls provide complete protection to the delicate courtyard and the interior of the fortress. The designer utilized space maximumly through creating rectangular floor plans for rooms and setting spiral staircases at the corners. Spiral staircases can make the best use of space and more importantly, well connection to all directions, where lookout windows are usually set. Structures facing inward to the courtyard are fabricated with less solid materials such as wood and veneer masonry.

Course: Architecture Design Principles

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6-0

KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 39

Individual Rendering Project

6-1

GEOVETENSKAP, STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN

Individual Rendering Project

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6-2

KRANNERT CENTER FOR THE PERFORMING ARTS, CELEBRATION OF SESQUICENTENNIAL 1867-2017 41

Individual Rendering Project

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