Echoes Magazine September/October 2019

MAGAZINE

SEPTEMBER & OCTOBER 2019 AMERICAN MASK MFG. CO.

RABBI ISAAC MAYER WISE

JOHNNY APPLESEED

DOUG BROWN

Masters of Make-Believe

Architect of American Jewish Religious Life

The Man Behind the Legend

Professional Skateboarder

Page 26

Page 32

Page 36

Page 40

MAGA ZINE

Cover: In 1915, the American Mask Manufacturing Co. of Findlay, Ohio, published an Illustrated Catalogue of Papier Mache, Linen, Wax, Wire, Gauze, Show and Curtain Masks, Noses, Wigs, Beards, etc. See page 26.

University of Delaware Library, Museums and Press

Vol. 58, No. 5

Contents SEPTEMBER & OCTOBER 2019

26

Findlay’s American Mask Manufacturing Co.— Masters of Make-Believe

32

Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise— Architect of American Jewish Religious Life

36

Johnny Appleseed— Discovering the Man Behind the Legend

40

Wooster's Doug Brown— Professional Skateboarder

EDITORS

Bill Eichenberger Tom Wolf CONTRIBUTORS

Lori J. Feeney Emma Kim Brad Lepper Ellen Mahoney

I N E AC H I S S U E

Ella Nugent David A . Simmons Sarah Wil son ADVISORY BOARD

Susannah Cleveland B owlin g G re e n St ate Unive r sit y

Donna DeBlasio Youn gstown St ate Unive r sit y

Nishani Frazier Miami Unive r sit y

Rober t G enheimer Cin cinn ati Muse um Ce nte r

Stephen G eorge O hio Histor y Conne c tion

Alex Hastie O hio v. the World

G eorge Ironstrack Miami Unive r sit y

Chester Pach O hio Unive r sit y

2 4 4 6 13 14 19 46 48 50

Contents From Our Membership Director What’s Your Story?

In the News Historic Sites & Museums At the Ohio History Center & Ohio Village Featured Events & Exhibits I Wish I’d Been There Young Eyes on the Past Reviews

Roger Pickenpaugh Historian an d Auth or

Daniel Rivers T he O hio St ate Unive r sit y

THANKS TO OUR OHIO HISTORY CONNECTION STRATEGIC PARTNERS:

Erin Wingfield O hio Histor y Conne c tion

Echoes Magazine (ISSN 0012-933X) is published bimonthly and distributed by the Ohio History Connection as a benefit of Ohio History Connection membership.

Editorial Offices: Ohio History Connection, Ohio History Center, 800 E. 17th Ave., Columbus, OH 43211-2474 Phone 844.836.0012 • Email echoes@ohiohistory.org Postmaster: Please send address changes to: Echoes Magazine, Ohio History Connection, Ohio History Center, 800 E. 17th Ave., Columbus, OH 43211-2474 Entire contents © 2019 by the Ohio History Connection.

All rights reserved. Nothing may be reprinted or electronically reproduced in whole or in part without written permission from the publisher. The Ohio History Connection accepts no responsibility for facts and opinions expressed by the authors.

2 Echoes | SEPTEMBER & OCTOBER 2019

Moving?

Contact us at membership@ohiohistory.org or 800.686.1545 to share your new address.

The Ohio History Connection is a

Like us on Facebook and follow us on Twitter @OhioHistory

Findlay’s American Mask Manufacturing Co. MASTERS OF MAKE-BELIEVE

26

For nearly a century, from 1884 to 1969, Findlay’s American Mask Manufacturing Co. costumed children and grown-ups alike with gaudy, oversized, over-the-top masks of pigs and goats and bears as well as a variety of human faces, including those of stars of the day like Bob Hope sidekick Jerry Colonna.

32

Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise ARCHITECT OF AMERICAN JEWISH RELIGIOUS LIFE Perhaps no figure in the 19th century had more influence on American Jewish religious life than Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise. A dedicated proponent of Reform Judaism, Wise insisted on a greater role for women at his Congregation Beth El in Albany, New York, and allowed men and women to sit together in family pews at Congregation Anshe Emeth. In 1854, he moved to Cincinnati, where he founded the Plum Street Temple and Hebrew Union College.

Johnny Appleseed DISCOVERING THE MAN BEHIND THE LEGEND

36

John Chapman, also known as Johnny Appleseed, was catapulted onto the national scene when W.D. Haley, a retired Unitarian minister, wrote about the folk hero in the November 1871 issue of Harper’s Monthly Magazine. Historians have been trying to separate fact from fiction in Chapman’s story ever since.

Wooster’s Doug Brown PROFESSIONAL SKATEBOARDER

40

Wooster native Doug Brown ran a skateboard shop out of his parents’ basement when he was in eighth grade. By the time he was 16, he was operating the Skate Shack and beginning to take part in competitions all over the country. Though not a contestant, Brown hustled his way onto the ramp at the 2002 Gravity Games in Cleveland, afterward landing his first skateboarding sponsorship. In addition to skateboarding, Brown is an author and motivational speaker.

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FROM OUR MEMBERSHIP DIRECTOR In August 2017, the Ohio History Connection surveyed members about our newsletter, Echoes. We asked how you used the newsletter, what you liked about it and what you thought could be improved. We used your input to create what you’re holding in your hands now: Echoes Magazine. Our goal was simple: to provide Ohio History Connection members with a lively, thoughtful, beautiful and useful publication.

The September & October 2019 issue of Echoes Magazine is our ninth, and we want to check in with you. Your feedback about the magazine is invaluable to us and influences what aspects we should feature more of and what parts need to stay the same. You can share your feedback by completing the survey inserted between pages 26 and 27 in this issue and mailing it back to us in the enclosed envelope. You can also take the survey online by scanning the QR code provided below or online at ohiohistory.org/survey. The survey will take about three to five minutes, and your input is crucial. Echoes Magazine is your member publication, and we want to get it right.

In every issue of Echoes Magazine, we feature the stories of Ohio History Connection members and other Ohioans to stoke memories and shed light on our shared past.

For this issue, we asked,

“ Are you involved in a family business that's native to Ohio? Tell us about it.”

Here are some of your responses: SCHOEDINGER FUNERAL HOME, COLUMBUS Michael Schoedinger

Thank you for supporting the preservation and sharing of Ohio history through your membership. We’re looking forward to hearing from you!

What’s

MEMBERSHIP DIRECTOR, OHIO HISTORY CONNECTION

HOW DO YOU LIKE IT SO FAR? Please share your thoughts about Echoes Magazine by taking our survey.

PAPER SURVEY between pages 26 and 27 in this issue

ohiohistory.org/survey Please respond by October 22.

4 Echoes | SEPTEMBER & OCTOBER 2019

Schoedinger's, circa 1890.

In 1855, German immigrant Philip Schoedinger transitioned his cabinetmaking business into one that made caskets. Sons George J. and J. Albert joined the family business a few years later. In the early 20th century, Schoedinger's began to see such innovations as its first automobile hearse and, in 1919, a new chapel at 229 E. State St., which was its first built expressly for the purpose of funeral service and one of the earliest of such magnitude in America. Other innovations, such as being one of the first companies to offer an airconditioned building, and among the first to offer guaranteed advance funeral

Your Story?

FERRANTE WINERY, GENEVA The original Ferrante Winery opened in Collinwood on the east side of Cleveland in 1937. The farm where my family grew the grapes was in Harpersfield Township, near Geneva. There were 15 acres of vineyards that were mostly the native American grapes like Niagara and Catawba. My father, Peter Ferrante, would drive out to harvest the grapes and bring them back to the winery. In the late 1970s, my father and his brother Anthony came out to the family farm and built a winery to showcase the wines my family was crafting. Sadly, in 1994 the winery was destroyed by a devastating fire and we were forced to rebuild. The new winery opened in 1995. Over the years, the winery has continued to be proactive and now has roughly 50 acres of manicured vineyards. We currently grow mostly vinifera-style grapes including pinot gris, chardonnay, pinot noir, cabernet franc, gewürztraminer, riesling and grüner veltliner. We have a state-of-the-art winemaking facility on-site, and all our wines are crafted here from start to finish. A restaurant has evolved as well, and features traditional Italian cuisine paired with our awardwinning wines.

—Nick Ferrante

DONATOS PIZZA, COLUMBUS In 1963, Jim Grote, a 19-year-old sophomore at The Ohio State University, purchased a small pizza shop in Columbus for $1,300, along with the

Donatos, circa 1963.

name Donatos, which is derived from Latin and means “to give a good thing.”

Using business principles based on the golden rule of treating others the way he wanted to be treated, Jim began serving his thin-crust pizzas loaded edge-to-edge with fresh toppings to his friends and neighbors from a small space in a plumbing shop. He would dream at night about his first store built of black bricks, which he soon opened on nearby Thurman Avenue. Through hard work, consistency and a passion for always serving a great product, hiring great people and giving back to the community, Grote and Donatos continue to thrive over 56 years later.

There are currently 160 restaurants in 10 states with more locations opening soon.

—Jim Grote and Jane Grote Abell

its reputation as a company that truly reflects its employees’ can-do attitude.

A subcontracting arrangement with Dayton firm Joyce-Cridland in the 1950s provided Crown’s first opportunity to build hydraulic and electric lifts, and the rest, as they say, is history. Production of a line of high-quality lift trucks for intermediate-duty use began in 1960.

Crown soon became the fastest-growing material-handling company in its range of products and eventually became the largest manufacturer of electric handling equipment in the world. Today, Crown produces a wide variety of electric and internal-combustion lift trucks, designing and manufacturing up to 85% of the components used in its forklifts. The company operates 19 manufacturing facilities globally and employs more than 16,000 worldwide. Yet, even as one of the largest lift-truck manufacturers in the world, Crown remains family-owned under fourth-generation leadership and continues to call Ohio home, maintaining its headquarters where the story began— in downtown New Bremen, fueled by employees with a can-do attitude.

—James F. Dicke II

WHAT’S YOUR STORY?

CROWN EQUIPMENT, NEW BREMEN Crown’s history began when two brothers, the late Carl H. Dicke and Allen A. Dicke, founded Crown Controls in New Bremen, in 1945.

Its first product was temperature controls for coal furnaces, but the company quickly learned to diversify as homebuilders replaced coalburning furnaces with gas heat. In the 1950s, Crown capitalized on the growing popularity of television and began producing TV antenna rotators while also performing contract manufacturing and repair services for the U.S. military and major U.S. corporations. For the next several decades, Crown developed its expertise in engineering and precision manufacturing along with

We want to know your stories, so in every issue of Echoes Magazine we ask you a question, then run selected answers in the following issue. Here’s the question for November & December: From Ohio History Connection Archival Collections

—Michael Schoedinger

Donatos

arrangements, soon followed. In 1950, Schoedinger's opened their first branch funeral home, on West Broad Street.

Today, fifth- and sixth-generation family members remain active in the funeral home, which includes 14 chapels, four crematories, prearrangement services, bereavement support and pet cremation. Schoedinger's creates healing experiences for all of those touched by death.

FAMILY BUSINESSES

How many of the Ohio History Connection’s 50+ museums and attractions (see page 13) have you visited? Which ones are your favorites, and what do you like most about them?

Email your story responses (50 to 150 words) by Nov. 10 to echoes@ohiohistory.org or, if you follow us on Facebook, send us a Facebook message.

OHIOHIS TORY.ORG

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In the News REENACTMENT

Civil War Comes Alive in Zoar Sept. 21–22 The Civil War comes alive in historic Zoar Village Sept. 21–22.

What is one of Ohio’s largest Civil War events doing in a village founded by religious pacifists?

You’re about to find out.

The village of Zoar was founded in 1817 by a group of more than 200 religious separatists who were fleeing persecution by the state-sponsored church in Württemberg, Germany.

They received help and purchased 5,500 acres of wooded land from the Quakers, with whom they shared similar religious beliefs. It was located

Pre-sale tickets are a benefit of your membership!

Member pre-sale for Pleasures of the Cup: Drinks of the 19th Century begins Mon., Sept. 23.

Visit ohiohistory.org/cup to purchase your tickets today!

6 Echoes | SEPTEMBER & OCTOBER 2019

near the Tuscarawas River in Tuscarawas County, about 10 miles south of Canton.

After a difficult couple of years struggling to survive, they decided to organize into a communal society—the Society of Separatists of Zoar—in 1819, with members of the society receiving their fair share of communal food and goods. In this way, they not only survived, but thrived for more than 80 years, becoming one of the nation’s longest-lasting communal settlements.

SEPARATISTS WERE PACIFISTS

Members of the Society of Separatists of Zoar lived their lives according to the Twelve Principles of Separatism, a document they developed to guide them within the community. According to the principles, “We cannot serve the state as bodily soldiers, since a Christian cannot murder his enemy, much less his friend.”

Mandatory military service in Germany was just one of the reasons prompting the separatists to leave the country. How, then, did a group of as many as 24 men from the society, by some reports, end up in the Union Army between 1861 and 1862?

One answer seems to lie in the fact that, although the separatists did not believe in war, neither did they believe in slavery. In fact, they believed that no man was to be

Zoar Civil War Reenactment

considered greater than any other man—that all were created equally

by God. The separatists struggled mightily with the idea of slavery, and in the end, it’s likely what prompted those men from the Society of Separatists of Zoar to take up arms in the cause of abolishing the practice.

ONE OF OHIO’S LARGEST REENACTMENTS

Fast-forward more than 150 years to historic Zoar Village today. With the help of the Ohio History Connection, the village’s historic buildings are carefully preserved and are open for tours on a seasonal basis. The village also hosts a number of special events all year long, including this year’s Civil War Reenactment. A biennial event, it draws more than 700 reenactors each year to stage key battle reenactments and establish Union and Confederate camps, plus famous living-history figures, sutlers selling Civil War-era goods and reproductions, and much more.

This year’s reenactment commemorates the 155th anniversary of Grant’s 1864 Overland Campaign. “We will reenact the Battle of the Wilderness and the Battle of the Mule Shoe at Spotsylvania,” says committee chair Darrell Markijohn.

Confederate forces will be led

by Maj. Gen. Gordon Grehe, Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia, while Brig. Gen. Tim Bills, Commander of the Army of Ohio, will lead the Union army.

“We are excited to have these men commanding our troops,” says Markijohn. “Both are highly skilled and experienced event commanders.”

The event has added some exciting new civilian features this year, as well.

Historic Zoar Village has teamed up with Camp Tuscazoar and the Buckeye Scout Council to offer Boy Scouts the opportunity to earn an American Heritage Merit Badge in just one weekend.

Other highlights of the event include a Saturday night Civil War Ball, artillery night fire, food vendors and museum tours for the public.

On Fri., Sept. 20, the village will host Civil War School Day, when students learn about Civil War life on the battlefield and on the home front through interactive demonstrations

and hands-on activities. “All public, private and homeschool students are invited, and we can always use help from reenactors with that event, as well,” says Markijohn.

WELCOMED HOME WITH PRIDE

It’s hard to say what the Society of Separatists would think of having a Civil War reenactment in Zoar today. We do know that, even though the Zoar soldiers defied the founding principles of the society by joining the war effort, they were welcomed home with pride.

Their actions, however, were among the first that eventually would lead to the dissolution of the society. The separatists who fought in the war unknowingly changed the community mindset.

The tightly closed borders of the community opened up as its young men returned home having been exposed to new experiences, languages and ideas.

As the years passed, the separatists would increasingly interact with the outside world as the Ohio & Erie Canal and, later, the railroad brought more and more travelers through town, contributing to a shift in the ideals of the community.

The separatists disbanded their communal way of life in 1898.

Zoar Community Association

© Andy Donaldson Photography, courtesy Zoar Community Association

“We will be using a dense forest for the Wilderness battle and will be constructing earthworks to replicate the Mule Shoe for the Spotsylvania battle.”

PLAN YOUR VISIT

Admission to the Zoar Civil War Reenactment is $10/person. Hours are Sat., Sept. 21, 9 a.m.–5 p.m. and Sun., Sept. 22, 9 a.m.–4 p.m.

For information on additional Saturday evening events, or more about the Civil War Reenactment and visiting historic Zoar Village, call 800.262.6195 or visit historiczoarvillage.com.

—Lori J. Feeney

Members can buy tickets early for popular events!

Member pre-sale for Dickens Dinners and Christmas Buffets begins Mon., Sept. 16. Visit ohiohistory.org/dickens for more information.

OHIOHIS TORY.ORG

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Conestoga Members Give $40,000 to World Heritage Effort

WORLD HERITAGE

Octagon Earthworks Update Ohio’s Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks, including Newark’s Octagon Earthworks, have been approved for nomination to UNESCO’s World Heritage List. In July, a group of eight Frank Lloyd Wright sites were collectively added to UNESCO’s World Heritage List, becoming the 24th site in the United States with this important distinction.

Ohio’s Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks will be the next U.S. site up for consideration. If approved, they’d become Ohio’s first World Heritage List site and the 25th World Heritage site in the United States.

DECISION APPEALED

In June, Newark’s Moundbuilders Country Club appealed the May 10 ruling by Licking County Common Pleas Court Judge W. David Branstool that the Ohio History Connection has the authority to acquire the lease at the Octagon Earthworks in Newark.

The Ohio History Connection has owned Octagon Earthworks since 1933; the ruling was on the public use and necessity of our acquiring a longterm lease held by Moundbuilders Country Club that would not expire until 2078. We expect Ohio’s Fifth District court to make a decision on

8 Echoes | SEPTEMBER & OCTOBER 2019

the appeal in the next 18 months.

While this legal process is ongoing, we remain committed to making the full Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks site accessible to all. We welcome you to join us on Sun., Oct. 13, at the Octagon Earthworks Open House, one of only four times a year that the full site is currently open to the public. Find Octagon Earthworks Open House details on page 19 or learn more at ohiohistory.org/ octagon. Find updates at ohiohistory. org/octagonnews. Learn more about the nomination of Ohio’s Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks for designation as a World Heritage Site at worldheritageohio.org.

WORLD HERITAGE

New Guide Features Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks A new Guide to the Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks shares the story of the eight ancient American Indian monuments in Ohio being proposed for designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. A publication of World Heritage Ohio in partnership with Ohio Humanities, it is available for $3.50 in the Ohio History Store at the Ohio History Center in Columbus, online at ohiohistorystore.com or by phone at 800.797.2357. Shipping and handling apply to online and phone orders.

Conestoga Members Give $40,000 to World Heritage Effort A huge thank you to Conestoga, the Ohio History Connection’s volunteer fundraising support group, for its generous gift of $40,000 to our World Heritage effort! Through funds raised during its membership drive, programming throughout the year and its annual fundraising event, as well as from its endowment fund, Conestoga made the second largest gift in its 33-year history. Pictured above from left are Conestoga members Howard Zimmer, Laura Ecklar and Dick Wendt with Ohio History Connection World Heritage Director Jen Aultman. Learn more about Conestoga and how you can join at ohiohistory.org/conestoga.

HISTORIC PRESERVATION

State Supports 28 Historic Rehabilitation Projects The Ohio Development Services Agency recently awarded $28,033,063 in Ohio Historic Preservation Tax Credits for the preservation and rehabilitation of 49 historic buildings in Ohio. Together, the projects will leverage about $280 million in private investments in 13 communities: Akron (2), Athens, Bellefontaine, Cincinnati (13),

NATIONAL AFRO-AMERICAN MUSEUM & CULTURAL CENTER

Art of Soul!

Opens Sept. 14

Cleveland (2), Cleveland Heights, Columbus, Coshocton, Dayton (2), Miamisburg, Portsmouth, Toledo and Urbana. The awards bring the total number of Ohio communities with historic preservation tax credit projects to 71.

PRESERVING HISTORIC PLACES AND SPURRING DEVELOPMENT

“The historic preservation tax credit is another way we’re investing in our communities,” says Gov. Mike DeWine. “These investments can spur development in a neighborhood or downtown.”

“Partnering with communities and developers across Ohio, we’re preserving historic sites that make Ohio unique,” says Lydia Mihalik, director of the Ohio Development Services Agency. “We’re creating new opportunities for small businesses and housing.”

DRIVING FURTHER INVESTMENT

The awards will aid private developers in rehabilitating historic buildings in downtowns and neighborhoods. Many of the buildings are vacant and generate little economic activity today. Once rehabbed, they’ll drive further investment and interest in adjacent property. Developers are not issued the tax credit until project

The Ohio Historic Preservation Tax Credit program is administered in partnership with the Ohio History Connection’s State Historic Preservation Office. The State Historic Preservation Office determines whether a property qualifies as a historic building and that the rehabilitation plans comply with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation, a set of guidelines used nationwide to foster work that is appropriate for historic buildings.

A new juried art show, The Art of Soul!, opens Sat., Sept. 14, at the Ohio History Connection’s National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center in Wilberforce. See works by artists from across the U.S. that depict three themes related to the African diaspora and African American culture: Social Justice, Identity and Surroundings. On Fri., Sept. 13, from 5:30–7:30 p.m., meet the artists themselves at a special after-hours Meet-the-Artists Reception. Sat., Sept. 14, at 11 a.m., attend the official exhibit opening and awards ceremony, then see the exhibit and join Cincinnati artist Talitha Sydnei’a at 2:30 p.m. to create your own unique art during Express Yourself Saturdays. The exhibit continues through Feb. 29, 2020.

The National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center is at 1350 Brush Row Rd. in Wilberforce. Museum hours are Weds.–Sat. 9 a.m.–4 p.m. The Art of Soul! is included with museum admission: $6, $5/ senior, $3/ages 6–17, Free/age 5 & under. Ohio History Connection members enjoy free admission.

Questions? Call 800.752.2603 or visit ohiohistory.org/naamcc.

LEARN MORE

HISTORIC PRESERVATION

See the full list of historic properties awarded state tax credits at development.ohio.gov/media/ media_pr.htm.

Recent Ohio Additions to the National Register of Historic Places

Learn more about the Ohio Historic Preservation Tax Credit at development.ohio.gov/cs/cs_ohptc. htm.

AKRON • SUMMIT COUNT Y DR. LOUIS SISLER HOUSE 675 N. Portage Path

construction is complete and all program requirements are verified.

Learn about a similar federal tax credit for reinvestment in historic properties that’s often used in tandem with the Ohio Historic Preservation Tax Credit to make such projects feasible and attractive to investors at ohiohistory. org/preserve/state-historicpreservation-office/taxincentives.

Built in 1919, the Sisler House has been added to the National Register for its local architectural significance as a well-preserved Tudor Revival style house designed by the prominent Cleveland architectural firm Walker and Weeks. Sisler, who’d been Summit County auditor, was involved early on in Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., serving as secretary from 1900 to 1905, treasurer from 1902 to 1910 and as a director until OHIOHIS TORY.ORG

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National Register photos on pages 10-11 courtesy State Historic Preservation Office

Dr. Louis Sisler House, Akron

he died in 1925. The house is on 4.75 acres about 3.5 miles northwest of downtown Akron. The Sisler family lived there until 1940.

ASHLAND • ASHLAND COUNT Y

ASHL AND COUNT Y CHILDREN’S HOME 1260 Center St.

Added to the National Register for its association with local social history, the Ashland County Children’s Home complex, which also includes a barn, garage and school, is an example of the county-sponsored facilities that were considered the best solution for meeting the needs of orphaned children in the decades after the Civil War. Over time, ideas about orphans' care evolved until county children’s homes began to be phased out in the mid- to late-20th century. Opened in 1907, the Ashland County Children’s Home operated until the 1980s.

10 Echoes | SEPTEMBER & OCTOBER 2019

ASHTABULA • ASHTABULA COUNT Y ASHTABUL A POST OFFICE & FEDERAL BUILDING 4400 Main Ave.

Added to the National Register for its association with the history of government and architecture in Ashtabula, the 1910 Ashtabula Post Office & Federal Building later served as the city’s Municipal Building.

James Knox Taylor, supervising architect of the U.S. Treasury from 1897 to 1912, designed it in a style inspired by ancient Roman architecture, called Beaux Arts Classicism. The combination of a neoclassical building and a site that overlooks a public park shows the local influence of the early-20thcentury City Beautiful Movement, which sought to enhance cities by adding monumental civic buildings in parklike settings.

a 19th-century brewery complex.

Founded by Louis Hoster in 1836, by the end of the 19th century, L. Hoster Brewing Co. was the capital city’s largest brewery, among the largest in Ohio and a dominant regional player.

The oldest of the buildings that make up the Hoster complex was built about 1885 and the plant operated until 1920, when Prohibition brought brewing to a close.

COLUMBUS • FRANKLIN COUNT Y

COLUMBUS • FRANKLIN COUNT Y L. HOSTER BREWING CO. 477 S. Front St.

Located just west of German Village, at the north end of the city’s historic Brewery District, the L. Hoster Brewing Co. plant has been added to the National Register for its association with Columbus’s German heritage and as a good example of

OPEN AIR SCHOOL 2571 Neil Ave.

Built in 1928 to help combat the threat of tuberculosis, the Open Air School provided a healthful

Uptown Westerville Historic District, Westerville

environment for the city’s most vulnerable children, with a program focusing on fresh air, rest, nutrition and natural play—key elements of the open-air concept. Used for the open-air program until 1940, it later served disabled students and was a neighborhood elementary. Notable for its artistry, the brick, stone and terra cotta building is the work of Columbus architect Howard Dwight Smith. As architect for Columbus Public Schools from 1921 to 1929, he oversaw an expansion program that resulted in 16 new buildings and remodeling of others. Smith served as architect for The Ohio State University from 1929 until retiring in 1956, and designed many other central Ohio buildings.

WESTERVILLE • FRANKLIN COUNT Y UPTOWN WESTERVILLE HISTORIC DISTRICT State Street between Home Street and Dill and Starrock Alleys

Added to the National Register for its history and architecture, the Uptown Westerville Historic District embodies the story of Westerville’s business district from 1852 to 1969. Throughout its history, State Street—the original “state road”—has remained the commercial and civic heart of Westerville, home to the business district, city hall, library,

Ashtabula Post Office & Federal Building, Ashtabula

original post office, fraternal halls and, unique to Westerville, the historic headquarters of the AntiSaloon League of America. The district includes commercial and institutional buildings that convey this history and architectural character, with State Street as the focus. It has benefited from design review by the City of Westerville since 1973.

Members Elect Two Trustees Ohio History Connection members have elected two new trustees to three-year terms.

BILLY W. FRIEND is chief of the federally recognized Wyandotte Nation of Oklahoma and president of Wyandotte Gaming Enterprises, Bearskin Services and Wyandotte Technologies. Under his leadership, the Wyandotte Nation has grown to over 800 employees, with gross revenues of tribal enterprises producing over $100 million, helping to fund and subsidize all tribal social service programs. Through his employment with the Wyandotte Nation, Friend has developed the curiosity, desire and passion to educate and inspire others to learn of their Wyandotte ancestors and understand what it means to be Wyandotte. New programs that have

emerged during his tenure as chief include a summer intern program and first-ever Tribal Town Hall meetings, held across the nation as a way of reconnecting the 4,000+ Wyandotte tribal citizens who live outside Oklahoma with their tribal heritage.

NANCY SHAW GOLDSMITH was recruited to Cleveland from Iowa in 1980 by the law firm Squire, Sanders & Dempsey, and has been an Ohio resident ever since. She spent the first half of her career as a labor and employment lawyer. In 1985, she joined Spieth, Bell, McCurdy & Newell, and was named the first female partner in 1987. Recruited to TRW in 1991, she represented all plants in the automotive sector, moving into human resources in 1994. When Northrop Grumman acquired TRW, she led the process to assist in the transition. After seven years with Cardinal Health in Dublin and Twinsburg, in 2017 she was recruited to establish a corporate human resources function at Lukjan Metal Products, a family-owned company in Conneaut, where she is director of human resources.

Goldsmith has served as co-chair for A Night For The Red & White and the Shaker Schools Foundation Benefit, on the Junior Committee of the Cleveland Orchestra and on the

OHIOHIS TORY.ORG

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OHIO—CHAMPION OF SPORTS

TRIVIA

Can you answer these Ohio sports trivia questions?

QUESTION: What boxing legend fought Jack Dempsey for the world heavyweight championship on July 4, 1919, in Toledo, Ohio?

boards of the Homeless Families Foundation in Columbus, Cleveland Play House and OhioGuidestone.

She and her husband, Jim, live in Shaker Heights.

Trustees recently elected the following officers for 2019–2020: Thomas V. Chema of Westlake, President; James F. Dicke II of New Bremen, Vice President; James A. Wilson of Bexley, Vice President; Richard F. Hillis of Powell, Secretary; Suhas Kakde of Spring Valley, Treasurer; Robert W. Lucas of Pemberville, Immediate Past President.

ANSWER: JESS WILLARD

HISTORY DAY

QUESTION: Name the professional lacrosse coach who took the Ohio Machine to its first-ever playoff appearance in 2014.

ANSWER: BEAR DAVIS

QUESTION: Which former running back of the Ohio State Buckeyes is college football’s only two-time Heisman Trophy winner?

ANSWER: ARCHIE GRIFFIN

QUESTION: What baseball pitcher born in Gilmore, Ohio, holds the major league record for most all-time wins (511)?

ANSWER: CY YOUNG

QUESTION: In 2018, who earned her 700th victory as head of the Capital University women's basketball team?

ANSWER: DIXIE JEFFERS

Explore more Ohio sports stories in Ohio—Champion of Sports, on exhibit at the Ohio History Center in Columbus through Sept. 6, 2020.

Learn more at ohiohistory.org/sports.

12 Echoes | SEPTEMBER & OCTOBER 2019

Ohio Students Compete at National History Day Congratulations to our Ohio delegation for an excellent showing at June’s 2019 National History Day contest at the University of Maryland, College Park. The 55 Ohio students who competed in the contest qualified by placing among the top contestants in 10 regional Ohio History Day contests coordinated by the Ohio History Connection and local sponsors in March and April, plus the state finals at Ohio Wesleyan University in April.

TOP 10 FINALISTS

Six Ohio students were among the Top 10 Finalists in their categories at National History Day: Nasreen Shakur and Sofia Boyd of Birchwood School of Hawken, Cleveland (Second Place, Junior Group Performance, for Katherine Johnson: A Quiet Triumph in a White Man’s World); Van Weinmann, Birchwood School of Hawken (Third Place, Junior Individual Website, for Selma: How the Media Transformed a Tragedy Into a Triumph for Voting Rights); Ehren Collins, Birchwood School of Hawken (Third Place, Junior Paper, for Collinwood’s Call to Action: The Collinwood School Fire Tragedy and Its Impact on Fire Safety); and Elias Johnson and

Louis Ke of Walnut Hills High School, Cincinnati (Seventh Place, Junior Group Website, for The Triumphs of Alexander Hamilton).

SPECIAL AWARDS

Ohio students were honored with special awards in two categories: Channin McNaughton of Hawken Upper School received the Irish or Irish-American History Award for Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington: An Irishwoman’s Triumph in Confronting National Tragedy. Elias Johnson and Louis Ke of Walnut Hills High School received the U.S. Constitution Award for The Triumphs of Alexander Hamilton.

OUTSTANDING ENTRIES

Devin Corrington and Parker Williams of Tri-County North Middle School in Lewisburg received the Junior Outstanding Entry award for From Military Heroes to Surplus Equipment: The Triumph-andTragedy Story of the Dogs Who Fought in Vietnam. Vaishnavi Nayak of Mayfield High School received the Senior Outstanding Entry award for The Manhattan Project: When a Scientific and Military Triumph Leads to Human Tragedy.

Every year, more than 3,000 students from around the world advance to the national contest in College Park, Maryland. Judges review student projects and provide feedback about what they did well and how they can improve. Students who participate in Ohio History Day and National History Day at any level develop communication and criticalthinking skills that will benefit them for a lifetime. Learn more about Ohio History Day at ohiohistory. org/historyday and about National History Day at nhd.org.

Ohio History Day is made possible with support from CollegeAdvantage, Ohio's 529 Savings Plan. Learn more about CollegeAdvantage at collegeadvantage.com.

O HI O HIS TO RY CO NNEC T I O N

Historic Sites & Museums NORTHWEST OHIO 1. Armstrong Air & Space Museum 2. Cedar Bog Nature Preserve 3. Cooke-Dorn House 4. Fallen Timbers Battlefield Memorial Park 5. Fort Amanda Memorial Park 6. Fort Jefferson Memorial Park 7. Fort Meigs 8. Fort Recovery Museum & Monument 9. Glacial Grooves Geological Preserve 10. Hayes Presidential Library & Museums 11. Indian Mill 12. Inscription Rock Petroglyphs 13. Johnston Farm & Indian Agency 14. Lockington Locks

NORTHEAST OHIO 15. Custer Monument 16. Fort Laurens 17. McCook House 18. Museum of Ceramics 19. Quaker Yearly Meeting House 20. Schoenbrunn Village 21. Shaker Historical Museum 22. Tallmadge Church 23. Youngstown Historical Center of Industry & Labor 24. Zoar Village

SOUTHWEST OHIO 33. Adena Mansion & Gardens 34. Davis Memorial Nature Preserve 35. Fort Ancient Earthworks & Nature Preserve 36. Fort Hill Earthworks & Nature Preserve

CENTRAL OHIO

SOUTHEAST OHIO

37. Harriet Beecher Stowe House 38. John Rankin House 39. Miamisburg Mound

47. Big Bottom Memorial Park 48. Buckeye Furnace

26. Hanby House

40. National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center

27. Logan Elm

41. Paul Laurence Dunbar House

50. Campus Martius Museum

28. Newark Earthworks

42. Serpent Mound

51. John & Annie Glenn Museum

29. Ohio History Center & Ohio Village

43. Story Mound

52. Leo Petroglyphs & Nature Preserve

30. Shrum Mound

44. U.S. Grant Birthplace

53. National Road & Zane Grey Museum

31. Wahkeena Nature Preserve

45. U.S. Grant Boyhood Home & Schoolhouse

54. Ohio River Museum

32. Warren G. Harding Home & Memorial

46. William Henry Harrison Tomb

55. Our House Tavern

25. Flint Ridge Ancient Quarries & Nature Preserve

49. Buffington Island Battlefield Memorial Park

Ohio History Connection members enjoy free regular admission to these museums and attractions.

Find locations, hours and more at ohiohistory.org/places.

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P R O G R A M S & E X H I B I T S AT T H E

Ohio History Center & Ohio Village

Enjoy the following programs free with museum admission.* Questions? Call 800.686.6124.

OHIO—CHAMPION OF SPORTS OHIO VILLAGE

Ohio Cup Vintage Base Ball Festival SAT., AUG. 31 & SUN., SEPT. 1 9 A.M.–5 P.M. See more than 20 teams from across the nation compete by 19th-century rules for vintage base ball’s Ohio Cup. Enjoy special activities for kids, including oldtime games and sports, and try your hand at 1860s base ball with our Ohio Village Muffins. Food trucks will be on hand both days from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. The fun goes on rain or shine, though games stop if there is lightning.

OHIO—CHAMPION OF SPORTS ECHOES IN TIME THEATRE

Ohio Stadium—The Shoe No One Thought Could Be Filled SAT., SEPT. 7 ONLY PERFORMANCES AT 1 & 3 P.M. When Ohio Stadium opened in 1922, it could hold a whopping 66,210 fans.

Though it now exceeds that, at the time many people were skeptical that the seats would fill. Listen as a fan talks about the history of “The Shoe.” About 30–45 minutes with post-performance Q & A. FILM

Paul and Erika Bourguignon— The Artist and the Anthropologist SAT., SEPT. 7 F 1:30 P.M. Attend the premiere of a documentary on the lives of Paul and Erika Bourguignon, a groundbreaking Columbus couple.

Paul was a talented visual artist, a prolific writer and journalist, a skillful photographer and an avid observer of

14 Echoes | SEPTEMBER & OCTOBER 2019

OHIO—CHAMPION OF SPORTS EXHIBIT TOUR

Sports Highlights SAT., SEPT. 14 F NOON–12:30 P.M. & 2–2:30 P.M. On this guided exhibit tour, discover how Ohioans have helped shape the national sports scene. Learn about some of the great and lesser-known athletes who left their mark on history.

Smithsonian Channel Documentary—The Day We Walked on the Moon

the human condition. His paintings are in museums and collections around the world. Erika, an anthropology professor and later department chair at The Ohio State University, was considered the foremost anthropological authority on trance, possession and altered states of consciousness. A 30-minute panel discussion will follow. Learn more about Bourguignon-related programing on this day at ohiohistory.org/bourguignon.

SAT., SEPT. 14 & SUN., SEPT. 15 F 3–3:45 P.M. In 1969, astronauts Michael Collins, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin set out for the moon on a mission that could only end in one of three ways: land, abort or crash.

Join us to celebrate this great moment in history with a showing of The Day We Walked on the Moon by the Smithsonian Channel.

TALK

Civil War Battle Flags

Dorothy Dandridge SAT., SEPT. 7 F 2–2:30 P.M. In 1954, Cleveland-born Dorothy Dandridge became the first African American woman nominated for an Academy Award as Best Actress. Learn about the triumphs and the tragedies of her life.

OHIO—CHAMPION OF SPORTS EXHIBIT TOUR

Ohio & the Gridiron SUN., SEPT. 8 F NOON–12:30 P.M. On this guided exhibit tour, learn about football in the Buckeye State. See notes handwritten by Woody Hayes, a uniform that women playing for the Toledo Troopers wore and more items related to some of the biggest names in Ohio football history on display in the special exhibit Ohio—Champion of Sports.

OHIO—CHAMPION OF SPORTS

Columbus Baseball History SUN., SEPT. 8 F 2–3 P.M. Join Columbus Clippers historian Joe Santry for a deep dive into the capital city’s rich baseball history.

EXHIBIT TOUR SUN., SEPT. 15 & NOV. 10 NOON–12:30 P.M. & 2–2:30 P.M. Take a guided tour of the exhibit Follow the Flag. Learn about our efforts to conserve Ohio’s Civil War battle flags, and get a look inside a special case where more battle flags are stored.

OHIO—CHAMPION OF SPORTS

Hockey Day SAT., SEPT. 21 F 10 A.M.–5 P.M. Join us for a day all about hockey! Learn about connections between our Civil War collections and the Columbus Blue Jackets, meet community partners who make Ohio a great state in which to play hockey, test your hockey skills and more!

Some programs will be timed throughout the day—learn more at ohiohistory.org/ hockey.

OHIO—CHAMPION OF SPORTS

Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Cleveland Sports But Were Afraid to Ask SAT., SEPT. 21 F NOON–12:30 P.M. For years, followers of Cleveland sports have seen it all, from the Cleveland Spiders, worst team ever to play professional baseball, to LeBron James, perhaps the greatest player to ever grace the basketball court. Let Jonathan Knight, author of

*Museum admission through Sept. 1 includes Ohio History Center + Ohio Village and is $15; $13/ages 60+; $9/ages 4–12. Ohio History Connection members and ages 3 & under enjoy free admission.

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Ohio Cup Vintage Base Ball Festival 10 books on the subject, show you why—even with all the frustration and heartbreak—Cleveland’s teams remain among the most beloved in the sports world.

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Ohio—Champion of Sports

AUG. 31–SEPT. 1

STAFF PICK

TALK

Art

LGBTQ Inclusivity in Sports

The Nature of Skulls

SUN., SEPT. 29 2–2:30 P.M. Visit our open-storage “art wall” in Gallery Three for custom access to our art collection, where we’ll be on hand to bring out artworks for you to see and enjoy.

SUN., SEPT. 22 F NOON–12:30 P.M. Get hands-on with real skulls of Ohio animals in this interactive guided tour.

Strange Sports Stories

EXHIBIT TOUR

SPECIAL EVENT

Archaeology Day SAT., SEPT. 28 F 10 A.M.–5 P.M. Ohio’s home to some of North America’s most important archaeological sites, from American Indian earthworks to the depths of Lake Erie, where scores of shipwrecks lie. Join us for this special day exploring archaeology in Ohio and bring along your archaeological artifacts for free identification. See artifacts that span more than 10,000 years, craft replicas of American Indian pottery, learn how ancient Ohioans made stone tools, take part in a simulated dig and try your hand at spear throwing. Meet archaeologists and tour the exhibit Following in Ancient Footsteps. Learn more at ohiohistory. org/archaeologyday or email mmarley@ ohiohistory.org or khorrocks@ ohiohistory.org.

F

OHIO—CHAMPION OF SPORTS

SUN., OCT. 6 F 2–2:30 P.M. Join Peter Lovins, director of legal affairs for the Columbus Blue Jackets, for a discussion on inclusivity in the sports industry. Hear about Ohio’s connections to the movement, and learn how all can share in creating and supporting inclusive spaces as allies to the LGBTQ community.

SAT., OCT. 5 & NOV. 2 F NOON–12:30 P.M. Sometimes sports history is stranger than fiction. On this guided tour, hear stories from Ohio’s sporting past, including how one early football team served as a marketing tool to sell dogs and how a turtle inspired a trophy.

TALK

ECHOES IN TIME THEATRE

Dangerous Collections

Sports Writing SAT., OCT. 12 F NOON & 2 P.M. Hear from sports journalists Bob Hunter and Todd Jones, who'll share what it's like to be a writer in the world of Ohio sports.

EXHIBIT TOUR

And the Cause of Death Was...

SAT., OCT. 5 & 19 PERFORMANCES AT 1 & 3 P.M. Hear tales of unusual deaths recounted in this live, one-person performance, from the odd or peculiar to some that are truly unbelievable. Echoes in Time Theatre lasts about 30–45 minutes and includes a post-performance Q&A. TALK

Kenner Toys & Star Wars SAT., OCT. 5 F 2–2:30 P.M. Can you imagine Star Wars without the toys? Hear how Kenner Products, a small toy company from Cincinnati, got the first rights to produce Star Wars toys and learn about some of the quirky toys it made.

Museum admission after Sept. 1 through May 22, 2020, includes Ohio History Center and is $13; $11/ages 60+; $7/ages 4–12.

SUN., OCT. 13 F NOON–12:30 P.M. From arsenic to asbestos, collecting the stuff of history can be dangerous. Explore the museum with a staff guide who’ll show you all the hazardous substances on display. Leave your gas mask at home— everything is safely behind glass!

EXHIBIT TOUR

Weird History SUN., OCT. 13 F 2–2:30 P.M. Explore the museum with a guide who’ll point out some of the weirder things on exhibit and talk about why we collect things whose value may not be apparent until you know the story behind them.

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Country Living Fair

Archaeology Day

SEPT. 13–15

SEPT. 28 SEPT. 28

EXHIBIT TOUR

Pop Culture SAT., OCT. 19 F NOON–12:30 P.M. Ohioans have always been on the cutting edge of popular culture. On this guided tour, see items that reflect pop culture through the ages, like a Nancy Drew board game and glass flasks made in the 1800s that picture popular Americans of the time.

TALK

Making a Medium

OHIO—CHAMPION OF SPORTS

The Illibuck—How College Students Turned a Turtle into a Tradition SUN., OCT. 20 F 2–2:30 P.M. Learn about the turtle trophy at the center of the Ohio State-Illinois rivalry and hear how the Bucket & Dipper Junior Class Honorary continues the tradition that began in 1925.

GENEALOGY & FAMILY HISTORY

SAT., OCT. 19 2–2:30 P.M. Have you ever been to a séance?

Nineteenth-century America saw the origins of Spiritualism and public interest in speaking with the dead; also a growing number of con artists. Join us to learn about some of the tricks of the trade that fraudulent mediums like Amanda M. Cowan and Dr. Henry Slade used to take advantage of people who sought to contact departed loved ones.

The Story Beyond the Name

STAFF PICK

SAT., OCT. 26 & NOV. 2 F 2–2:30 P.M. Have you ever wanted to know more about Ohio’s last president with facial hair? Hear about William Howard Taft’s life before he became president, and learn how he got his dream job.

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Mae Takasugi’s Parasol SUN., OCT. 20 F NOON–12:30 P.M. Mae and Kingo Takasugi of Alliance, Ohio, were among more than 100,000 Japanese American citizens forced to leave their homes and relocate to government-run internment camps during World War II. Learn about the internment and see a parasol Mae Takasugi owned before she left Ohio.

16 Echoes | SEPTEMBER & OCTOBER 2019

SAT., OCT. 26 F NOON–12:30 P.M. Hear African American genealogist Dedria Humphries Barker, author of Mother of Orphans—The True and Curious Story of Irish Alice, a Colored Man’s Widow, share how Ohio birth, marriage and death certificates helped her find the rest of the story about her Irish great-grandmother.

TALK

Bill the Beamer

Lagoon (1954) and It Came from Outer Space (1953). Hear about his time spent creating music for the monsters.

OHIO—CHAMPION OF SPORTS

Larry Doby— First African American Player in the American League SUN., OCT. 27 F 2–2:30 P.M. In 1947, just a few months after Jackie Robinson’s major league debut, Larry Doby became the first African American player in the American League. Learn about Doby’s successful career as a player and manager, all as he faced many of the same indignities as Robinson.

ECHOES IN TIME THEATRE

Thanksgiving Dinner— What’s on the Menu?

SAT., NOV. 2 & 16 PERFORMANCES AT 1 & 3 P.M. The year is 1933. Thanksgiving is coming, and Mildred’s family is on its way. With money tight and food prices skyrocketing, listen as she plans her Thanksgiving dinner and reflects on menus of the past in this live, oneperson performance. Echoes in Time Theatre lasts about 30–45 minutes and includes a post-performance Q&A.

TALK

Music for the Monsters SUN., OCT. 27 NOON–12:30 P.M. Born in Cleveland, composer, conductor and arranger Henry Mancini contributed music to some of the most memorable Universal Pictures monster movies ever made, including Creature from the Black F

EXHIBIT TOUR

Ice Age Mammals SUN., NOV. 3 F NOON–12:30 P.M. On this guided tour, learn about some of the giant mammals who roamed what’s now Ohio during the Ice Age, which ended about 10,000 years ago.

*Museum admission through Sept. 1 includes Ohio History Center + Ohio Village and is $15; $13/ages 60+; $9/ages 4–12. Ohio History Connection members and ages 3 & under enjoy free admission.

and their guests, plus book signings and crafting and how-to demonstrations throughout the fair, rain or shine in tents and outdoors in Ohio Village. Tickets range from $13–$40. Get details at stellashows.com or call 973.808.5015.

SPECIAL EVENT

History After Hours— Bad Medicine

All Hallows’ Eve Oct. 12 & 19

EXHIBIT TOUR

World War I Display SUN., NOV. 3 F 2–2:30 P.M. Tour our open-storage World War I display with a staff guide. You’ll see real helmets, gas masks and personal effects collected from Ohio servicemen and women.

SPECIAL EVENT

March Through Time SAT., NOV. 9 F 10 A.M.–5 P.M. Explore Ohio’s military history—learn how the uniforms, weapons and gear of Ohio soldiers have evolved over time. Meet and talk with “soldiers” representing various conflicts who’ll be stationed throughout the museum. Enjoy military-themed board games, see firing demonstrations and hear uniform talks. Members: Watch for a special invitation to Breakfast with Conway! Sat., Nov. 9, 8:30–11 a.m.

EXHIBIT TOUR

World War I Aviators SUN., NOV. 10 F NOON–12:30 P.M. Learn about the artifacts from aviators featured in our World War I display, including some from Ohio’s own Flying Ace, Eddie Rickenbacker.

MORE FEATURED EVENTS • • • GENEALOGY WORKSHOP

Digitizing Your Family History SAT., SEPT. 7 F 10:30 A.M.–12:30 P.M. With the growth of digital photography, it’s important to take the right steps to organize and preserve images and documents related to your family history.

SEPT. 28 In this workshop, get an introduction to digitization for family historians from Lily Birkhimer, our digital projects coordinator. You’ll learn best practices for managing your files and get background information on the best document scanners for your needs. $20, $15/Ohio History Connection member.

Advance registration recommended.

800.686.1541 or ohiohistory.org/ genealogy

Watercolor for Ages 55+ TUES., SEPT. 10, 17, 24, OCT. 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 & NOV. 5 F 1–3 P.M. Over nine consecutive Tuesdays, this workshop will bring together people exploring their creativity through the medium of watercolor. We’ll mix basic colors to form wide color-range palettes, explore three-dimensional space on two-dimensional paper and experiment with painting techniques. This class is free and for ages 55+ only. Advance registration required. 800.686.1541 or ohiohistory.org/seniorclasses SPECIAL EVENT • OHIO VILLAGE

Country Living Fair FRI., SEPT. 13–SUN., SEPT. 15 10 A.M.– 5 P.M. See the pages of Country Living magazine come to life! Meet the editors of Country Living and enjoy great shopping, with more than 200 booths of antiques, vintage, upcycled and hand-crafted goods. Country Living’s kitchen and main stages feature cooking demos and presentations by the editors

Museum admission after Sept. 1 through May 22, 2020, includes Ohio History Center and is $13; $11/ages 60+; $7/ages 4–12.

SAT., SEPT. 21 F 7–10 P.M. Explore the Ohio History Center after hours, grab a drink and some snacks and dive into the interesting world of medical history. We’ll explore wellness and health fads, take a look at patent medicines and cure-alls, show shocking sports injuries and much more in this fun 21+ evening.

Snacks and cash bar. $25, $20/Ohio History Connection member. Advance registration required. 800.686.1541 or ohiohistory.org/historyafterhours HISTORIAN IN TRAINING

Archaeology AGES 3–6 F WEDS., SEPT. 25 OR SAT., SEPT. 28, 10–11 A.M. Become an archaeologist for a day and help us find things in our simulated dig site! (Parents: Archaeology is dusty and dirty work. Please dress your archaeologist accordingly.) $5/ages 3–6, Free/adult chaperone. Advance registration required.

You must participate with your child.

(Don’t worry—we’ll give you things to do!)

800.686.6124 or ohiohistory.org SPECIAL EVENT • OHIO VILLAGE

Pleasures of the Cup— Spooky Spirits SAT., OCT. 5 F 7–9:30 P.M. Make your way around Ohio Village, our recreated 19th-century community, while sampling spooky concoctions and having an eerie evening, but be careful—you never know what may lurk in the shadows.

Advance registration required. Age 21+. $40, $35/Ohio History Connection member. 800.686.1541, reservations@ ohiohistory.org or ohiohistory.org/cup SPECIAL EVENT • OHIO VILLAGE

All Hallows’ Eve SAT., OCT. 12 & 19 F 5:30–9:30 P.M. Enjoy an evening of 1890s-style family fun, with a retelling of Washington Irving’s The Legend of Sleepy Hollow by the

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Ohio History Center COLUMBUS

bonfire, pumpkin carving and colorful characters roaming our recreated 19th-century community. Revel in old-fashioned Halloween fun, including fortunetelling, crafts, games and more!

Member tickets for All Hallows’ Eve are on sale now: $11, $7/ages 4–12, Free/ age 3 & under. Nonmember tickets go on sale Sept. 3: $16, $12/ages 4–12, Free/age 3 & under. 800.686.1541, ohiohistory.org/allhallowseve or buy tickets at the gate. (The Ohio History Center will close at 4 p.m. on Oct. 12 & 19 to prepare for this event.)

NOW OPEN

SPECIAL EVENT • OHIO VILLAGE

Pleasures of the Cup— Drinks of the 19th Century SAT., NOV. 23 F 7–9:30 P.M. Join a pub crawl in our recreated 19thcentury community, sampling quirky Dickensian concoctions and playing Victorian parlor games along the way.

Complete your rounds at the American House Hotel and enjoy humorous stories and tavern songs. $40, $35/Ohio History Connection member. Advance registration required. Age 21+. Member tickets go on sale Mon., Sept. 23. Nonmember tickets go on sale Mon., Oct. 7. 800.686.1541

SERVING:

• Soups • Salads • Sandwiches • Sides

• Desserts • Coffee • Pepsi products

FEATURED EXHIBITS • • •

Ohio—Champion of Sports

World War I Display

MEMBERS SAVE 10% at the Plaza Cafe!

Museum & Ohio Village

Third Floor Research Room

THROUGH SUN., SEPT. 1:

WEDS.—SAT. 10 A.M.–5 P.M. CLOSED SUN.–TUES.

WEDS.–SUN. 10 A.M.–5 P.M. CLOSED MON.–TUES. OHIO VILLAGE SEASON

Museum WEDS., SEPT. 4, THROUGH MAY 22, 2020: WEDS.—SUN. 10 A.M.–5 P.M. CLOSED MON.–TUES.

18 Echoes | SEPTEMBER & OCTOBER 2019

ONGOING See equipment, weapons, uniforms and memorabilia commemorating the centennial of World War I. RELATED PROGRAMS: World War I Aviators— See Sun., Nov. 10.

Ohio History Center Hours

ENDS SUN., SEPT. 1

Ohio History Connection

1950s—Building the American Dream ONGOING Get a look at life in the 1950s. Peek in the closets and snoop in the drawers of a real, fully furnished Lustron steel house made right here in Ohio. From the contents of the cupboards to the news on TV and the toys in the yard, this hands-on exhibit is a fascinating journey back in time. RELATED PROGRAMS: Dorothy Dandridge—See Sat., Sept. 7.

THROUGH SUN., SEPT. 6, 2020 Ohio—Champion of Sports features more than 70 stories and 35 oral histories covering more than 25 sports ranging from baseball, football and basketball to roller derby, skateboarding and e-gaming.

Open 11 a.m.–2 p.m.

Seven days a week

The exhibit showcases the Ohio athletes, coaches, owners and fans at the center of the action and explores sports through the themes of Character, Adversity, Innovation, Identity, Tradition and Victory—values that relate to the human condition—to connect a broad audience to Ohio’s national sports history. You can test your basketball skills at the Wall of Hoops, record a “victory dance” to share with family and friends, run an obstacle course and record your own “One Minute Legends” sports story. Follow Ohio’s great sports stories on our blog at ohiohistory.org/ champion. RELATED PROGRAMS: See bold headings on pages 14–16.

800.686.6124 or ohiohistory.org/sports

Plaza Cafe MON.–SUN. 11 A.M.–2 P.M. The Plaza Cafe is open 11 a.m.–2 p.m. seven days a week and serves soups, salads, sandwiches, a variety of sides and desserts, coffee and Pepsi products. Ohio History Connection members save 10% at the Plaza Cafe.

F E AT U R E D O H I O H I S T O R Y C O N N E C T I O N

Events & Exhibits STATEWIDE

Ohio Local History Alliance Annual Meeting & Conference FRI. & SAT., OCT. 4–5 Crowne Plaza, Dublin 4 Love local history?

Meet hundreds of others who do, too, at this annual gathering of Ohioans active in historical societies, museums and related organizations. Enjoy networking opportunities and more than 40 skillbuilding sessions. On Saturday, leave inspired by recipients of the annual Ohio Local History Alliance Awards. Learn more and register online at ohiolha.org or call 800.576.0381 or 614.297.2344 for your conference brochure.

State Historic Preservation Office Awards Luncheon SAT., OCT. 19 F NOON–2 P.M. Ohio History Center, Columbus 4 Join our State Historic Preservation Office in honoring outstanding preservationists and preservation efforts across Ohio with the annual State Historic Preservation Office Awards. Before the luncheon, tour the Ohio History Center, a modernist landmark, with architectural historian Barbara Powers. Advance registration required. 800.686.6124, 614.298.2000 or ohiohistory.org/hpawards

CENTRAL OHIO // See also Programs & Exhibits at the Ohio History Center & Ohio Village, pages 14–18.

Taking Tea with General Sherman SAT., OCT. 12, 2019 F 10 A.M.–NOON Hanby House, Westerville 4 Ohioan William Tecumseh Sherman became a famous and controversial general during the Civil War. Hear his story when Sherman, portrayed by Frank Bullock, visits the Hanby House. The morning starts with a presentation about tea

history and proper tea etiquette, followed by a tea buffet. Advance registration required by Oct. 5. $20, $18/Ohio History Connection member. 800.600.6843 or hanbyhouse.org/events

Octagon Earthworks Open House SUN., OCT. 13 F 7:30 A.M.–7 P.M. Octagon Earthworks, Newark Explore, either self-guided or guided, the full site of the ancient Octagon Earthworks during this final open house of the year. The site will be open daylight to dusk. 740.344.0498

Boy Scout American Heritage Merit Badge at Zoar Civil War Reenactment SAT., SEPT. 21 F 9 A.M.–5 P.M. SUN., SEPT. 22 F 9 A.M.–4 P.M. Zoar Village, Zoar 4 Scouts of all levels are invited to Zoar to earn all components of an American Heritage Merit Badge over a two-day period during the Zoar Civil War Reenactment weekend. Camping available at nearby Camp Tuscazoar.

All-inclusive packages start at $25/scout.

Register by Sept. 6. 330.859.2288, info@ tuscazoar.org or historiczoarvillage.com

Zoar Civil War Reenactment NORTHEAST OHIO

Civil War School Day FRI., SEPT. 20 F 9 A.M.–3 P.M. Zoar Village, Zoar 4 The Civil War comes alive! Students can meet and interact with Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee and more Civil War figures.

See cavalry and artillery demonstrations, and learn about life on the home front through hands-on activities. Open to public, private and homeschool students. $7/student, $8/adult with one free adult per group. Advance registration required by Sept. 13. 800.262.6195 or historiczoarvillage.com

Autumn Lantern Tour FRI., SEPT. 20 & SAT., SEPT. 21 7:30–9:30 P.M. Schoenbrunn Village, New Philadelphia When the sun goes down, Schoenbrunn comes to life! Join us for an after-hours walk through the 1770s Moravian mission town by candlelight. Explore the grounds and cabins bustling with 18th-century life. $7, $6/age 60+, $5/ages 6–17, Free/ Ohio History Connection member or ages 5 & under. 800.752.2711 or dennisondepot.org

SAT., SEPT. 21 F 9 A.M.–5 P.M. SUN., SEPT. 22 F 9 A.M.–4 P.M. Zoar Village, Zoar 4 See page 6.

Zoar Ghost Tours FRI.–SAT., OCT. 18–19 & 25–26 6:30–9 P.M. Zoar Village, Zoar 4 Tour the buildings of historic Zoar by lantern light as guides treat you to haunted tales of the village.

This popular event sells out every year, so reserve early! Not recommended for young children. $15, $10/ages 12 & under. Advance registration required

by Oct. 11 for Oct. 18–19 and by Oct. 19 for Oct. 25–26. 800.262.6195 or historiczoarvillage.com

Colonial Trade Fair SAT., OCT. 19 F 10 A.M.–5 P.M. SUN., OCT. 20 F 10 A.M.–4 P.M. Schoenbrunn Village, New Philadelphia Step back in time to 1772, as colonial vendors and reenactors fill the cabins of this 18th-century village on the Ohio frontier. Take part in historical demonstrations, buy the wares of over 150 reenactors, learn about famous frontier people and listen to the stories of the costumed volunteers. $10, $8/age 60+, $6/ages 6–17, Free/Ohio History Connection member or ages 5 & under.

800.752.2711 or schoenbrunnvillage.org

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Ghost Tours of Fort Laurens

Mellow Yellow Walk

FRI., OCT. 25 & SAT., OCT. 26 7:30–8:30 P.M. Fort Laurens, Bolivar 4 Take a lanternlight tour of the site where Ohio’s only Revolutionary War fort once stood, and hear tales of American and British soldiers said to haunt the grounds.

Frightening things await at every turn. Not recommended for young children. $15, $10/child under 18. Advance registration required by Oct. 18. 800.262.6195 or fortlaurens.org

SUN., SEPT. 15 F 2–4 P.M. Cedar Bog Nature Preserve, between Springfield and Urbana 4 Join us on the boardwalk to see the sights of Cedar Bog’s extended growing season. $5, Free/Ohio History Connection member.

800.860.0147 or cedarbognp.org

NORTHWEST OHIO //

History Roundtable with Mike Gilbert SAT., SEPT. 7, 21, 28 & OCT. 12, 19, 26 F 10–11:30 A.M. Hayes Presidential Library & Museums, Fremont 4 Enjoy programs on a variety of topics with local historian Mike Gilbert.

Attend one or all six. SEPT. 7: Virtual Tour of Fremont’s Oakwood Cemetery.

SEPT. 21: Tecumseh. SEPT. 28: President Rutherford B. Hayes’s Uncle, Sardis Birchard. OCT. 12: Mary Pinchot and Dorothy Kilgallen. OCT. 19: Sandusky County Athletes. OCT. 26: Ghost Stories. $25 for all six or $5/session. Advance registration required. 800.998.7737 or rbhayes.org

There’s a Bug in the Bog SAT., SEPT. 14 F 10 A.M.–NOON Cedar Bog Nature Preserve, between Springfield and Urbana 4 Is it a bug or is it an insect? Find out in this exploration of insects at Cedar Bog by Ohio Certified Volunteer Naturalist Jim Lemon. $10, Free/Ohio History Connection member.

800.860.0147 or cedarbognp.org KIDS DAYS @ HAYES

Leaves of Spiegel Grove SAT., SEPT. 14 F 1–2:30 P.M. Hayes Presidential Library & Museums, Fremont 4 Kids through age 12 can enjoy a leaf scavenger hunt and leafinspired craft. $3/child, Free/Ohio History Connection member child. 800.998.7737 or rbhayes.org

20 Echoes | SEPTEMBER & OCTOBER 2019

Presidential History Book Club WEDS., SEPT. 25 & OCT. 30 NOON–1 P.M. Hayes Presidential Library & Museums, Fremont 4 Read biographies of U.S. presidents and enjoy lunch-hour discussions at this free book club. Bring your lunch if you like. SEPT. 25 & OCT. 30: Traitor to His Class, by H.W. Brands, about President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

800.998.7737 or rbhayes.org

“““

Octagon Earthworks Open House OCT. 13, NEWARK

Flight Festival SAT., SEPT. 28 F 10 A.M.–3 P.M. SUN., SEPT. 29 F 11 A.M.–4 P.M. Armstrong Air & Space Museum, Wapakoneta 4 Outside, see kites and drones in the air and talk to the people flying them. Challenge your skills in activities of flight by making paper airplanes and copters or your own kite to keep. Inside, see planes and spacecraft on a guided tour of the museum.

Outdoor events free. Admission to the museum: $10, $9/age 60+, $4/ages 6–12, Free/Ohio History Connection member.

800.860.0142 or armstrongmuseum.org

Fall Celebration at the Johnston Farm SAT., OCT. 5 F NOON–5 P.M. Johnston Farm & Indian Agency, Piqua Enjoy autumn activities on the farm. Tour the home of U.S. Indian Agent John Johnston (1775–1861), visit the Historic Indian & Canal Museum and explore the old Miami & Erie Canal on one of two rides aboard the canal boat General Harrison of Piqua, at 1 p.m. and 2:30 p.m.

Prefer dry land? Take a 4 p.m. hayride.

Included with Johnston Farm admission: $9, $8/senior, $4/student, Free/Ohio History Connection member or ages 5 & under. Some activities require advance registration. 800.752.2619 or johnstonfarmohio.com

Boo in the Bog FRI., OCT. 11, & SAT., OCT. 12 7–9 P.M. Cedar Bog Nature Preserve, between Springfield & Urbana 4 Join us for a non-scary night walk, with learning stations along the boardwalk. Enjoy children’s activities, face painting, storytelling and food. Advance registration required. $6/adult, $5/child, Free/ages 5 & under. 800.860.0147 or cedarbognp.org

Music in the Parlor SUN., OCT. 20 F 4–5 P.M. Hayes Presidential Library & Museums, Fremont 4 Enjoy a live musical performance in the parlor where President Rutherford B. Hayes and first lady Lucy Hayes entertained guests. $12. Advance registration required.

800.998.7737 or rbhayes.org

Boo on the Moon TUES., OCT. 22 F 5–7 P.M. Armstrong Air & Space Museum, Wapakoneta 4 Outside, enjoy refreshments, pumpkin-roll races and mummy bowling. Attend in costume and enjoy half-price admission to the museum, where you can trick-or-treat through the exhibits and spooky Astro Theatre. In costume: $4, $2/child. Not in costume: $8, $4/ages 6–12. Free/ Ohio History Connection member or ages 5 & under. 419.738.8811 or armstrongmuseum.org

“““

Autumn Lantern Tour SCHOENBRUNN VILLAGE, NEW PHILADELPHIA, SEPT. 20–21

KIDS DAY @ HAYES

Civil War Camp SAT., OCT. 26 F 11 A.M.–12:30 P.M. Hayes Presidential Library & Museums, Fremont 4 Kids ages 6–12 can experience what life was like in a Civil War camp, witnessing demonstrations by Civil War reenactors, then documenting their experiences in a diary (included), just as President Hayes did in his journal. $5/child, $3/Ohio History Connection member child, Free/adults who bring kids to the program. 800.998.7737 or rbhayes.org FEATURED EXHIBITS • • •

Demon Rum & Cold Water— The Two Sides of Temperance THROUGH SUN., OCT. 6 F MON.–SAT. 9 A.M.–5 P.M. & SUN. NOON–5 P.M. Hayes Presidential Library & Museums, Fremont 4 Before Prohibition, there was temperance. In reaction to growing alcohol consumption, many mid-19thcentury Americans began voicing concerns about the social effects of drinking. The temperance movement gained popularity in the 1850s and became a significant moral and political force by 1900. Learn about the causes for temperance, the role of its proponents in American society, how the Hayes family helped shape the movement and how it was shaped by it. Included with Hayes Museum admission: $13, $10/ages 13–18, $5/ages 6–12, Free/Ohio History Connection member or ages 5 & under.

800.998.7737 or rbhayes.org

Women of Spiegel Grove

Buckeye Furnace Fall Festival

THROUGH SUN., MARCH 29, 2020 MON.–SAT. 9 A.M.–5 P.M. & SUN. NOON–5 P.M. Hayes Presidential Library & Museums, Fremont 4 See a special exhibit about the many women who played important roles at Spiegel Grove, estate of 19th president Rutherford B. Hayes and first lady Lucy Webb Hayes. Also shared is the national story of women in America, from the suffrage movement, to the pursuit of social and workplace equality, to the #MeToo movement. This exhibit is part of Finding Her Voice, a program honoring the centennial of the 19th Amendment, which gave women the right to vote.

Included with museum admission: $13, $10/ages 13–18, $5/ages 6–12, Free/Ohio History Connection member or ages 5 & under. 800.998.7737 or rbhayes.org

SAT., OCT. 5 F 10 A.M.–4 P.M. Buckeye Furnace, near Jackson Explore Buckeye Furnace, a rural 19thcentury iron-making complex, on this special Saturday and enjoy bluegrass music, food vendors, farmers market vendors and fun for kids and adults including pie-eating contests, pumpkin coloring, kids’ games and pie, cake and cookie judging. Free. 740.384.3537 or janmckibben@gmail.com

Finding Her Voice is made possible in part

by Ohio Humanities, a state affiliate of the National Endowment for the Humanities.

SOUTHEAST OHIO

Brown Baggin’ Thru History FRI., OCT. 4 F NOON–1 P.M. Campus Martius Museum, Marietta This program featuring a guest speaker to be announced is free thanks to the generous support of Washington County Public Library. 800.860.0145 or mariettamuseums.org

FEATURED EXHIBITS • • •

Celebrating the Pioneers THROUGH SUN., NOV. 1, 2020 MON.–SAT. 9:30 A.M.–5 P.M., SUN. NOON–5 P.M. Campus Martius Museum, Marietta See the museum’s newest exhibit, based on the new book The Pioneers by David McCullough. The Ordinance of 1787 opened a vast wilderness west of the Ohio River for settlement, spurring “Ohio fever.” Members of the Ohio Company of Associates, a real estate company formed in Massachusetts in 1786, led the way. Get a look at the lives and personalities of some of the people mentioned in the book, and see personal objects associated with them. Included with museum admission: $7, $4/ages 6–college with ID, Free/Ohio History Connection member or ages 5 & under.

800.860.0145 or mariettamuseums.org

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SOUTHWEST OHIO //

Teacher Appreciation Day SAT., AUG. 31 F 1–3 P.M. Fort Ancient Earthworks & Nature Preserve, near Oregonia & Lebanon Teachers: Learn about opportunities awaiting you and your students when you visit Fort Ancient. Join us for an orientation to this amazing earthwork, its 2,000-year history and the American Indians who built it as an astronomical observatory and ceremonial site.

Volunteers will be on hand to take you through our educational program for grades 2–6 and 6–8. Bring your educator ID for free admission. Advance registration requested. 800.283.8904 or fortancient.org CHILDREN’S SERIES

Scavenger Hunt/Nature Hike SUN., SEPT. 1 F 2 P.M. Adena Mansion & Gardens, Chillicothe This scavenger hunt and nature hike offers kids a chance to explore the historic Worthington estate in depth and learn about some of the natural features of the site, too. Free with required advance registration. All children must have an adult chaperone. 800.319.7248 or adenamansion.com

Visiting Uncle Tom’s Cabin WEDS., SEPT. 4, OCT. 2 & NOV. 6 HOUSE OPENS FOR TOURS AT 6 P.M. DISCUSSION BEGINS AT 7 P.M. Harriet Beecher Stowe House, Cincinnati SEPT. 4: Harriet’s Research. We’ll look at sections of two works Harriet Beecher Stowe researched for writing Uncle Tom’s Cabin. OCT. 2: The South as Haunted House. In the spirit of Halloween, we’ll discuss three authors’ haunted houses that can represent the antebellum South: Harriet Beecher Stowe’s description of the St. Clare and Legree plantations, Edgar Allan Poe’s House of Usher and George Washington Cable’s Poquelin house in the short story “Jean-ah Poquelin.” NOV. 6: Indicting the North. If the antebellum South is a house haunted by slavery, the North is also far from perfect. We’ll study the character Ophelia St. Clare in Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Thoreau’s essay “Slavery in Massachusetts.” Find suggested readings for each session at stowehousecincy.org. Led by Xavier University Professor Emeritus John Getz, PhD. Free. 800.847.6507 or stowehousecincy.org

22 Echoes | SEPTEMBER & OCTOBER 2019

Art with Skip Hathaway SAT., SEPT. 7 F NOON Education Center, Adena Mansion & Gardens, Chillicothe 4 Chillicothe artist Skip Hathaway offers an art class for children of all ages and their adult chaperones. Free. Art supplies provided.

800.319.7248 or adenamansion.com

Stargazing at Serpent Mound SAT., SEPT. 7 F 6–10 P.M. Serpent Mound, near Peebles 4 Hear an astronomy lecture by Cincinnati Observatory staff and enjoy viewing the moon, planets and stars using a variety of telescopes. Lecture admission requires advance registration and is $6/ ages 16 & up, Free/ages 15 & under with adult, plus $8/vehicle parking. Admission to stargazing is free with $8/vehicle parking. Ohio History Connection members enjoy free parking. This event is weather-dependent. 800.752.2757 or arcofappalachia.org/serpent-mound

Murder Mystery & Dinner FRI.–SUN., SEPT. 13, 14 & 15 F 6–9 P.M. Adena Mansion & Gardens, Chillicothe Hone your skills as a rookie crimesolver in an entertaining atmosphere with great food and a murder mystery.

This year’s all-new production written

by Delmar Burkitt features several returning actors along with a few new faces to keep you guessing. The mystery begins at 6 p.m. followed by a buffet dinner at 7 p.m. $55. Advance registration required. 800.319.7248 or visit adenamansion.com

Fall Nature Discovery and Photo Hike SAT., SEPT. 14 F 2–4 P.M. Fort Ancient Earthworks & Nature Preserve, near Oregonia & Lebanon Join Dave Woehr and other Ohio Certified Volunteer Naturalists for an introduction to Fort Ancient’s plants, bugs, trees and wildlife. A professional photographer will accompany the group to help with questions about shooting great photos that create lasting memories of Fort Ancient’s natural beauty. $7, $6/ages 6–17 or 60+, Free/ ages 6 & under. Advance registration recommended. 800.283.8904 or fortancient.org

“““

Zoar Civil War Reenactment ZOAR VILLAGE, ZOAR, SEPT. 21–22

Express Yourself Saturdays SAT., SEPT. 14, OCT. 19, NOV. 9 F 2:30 P.M. National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center, Wilberforce 4 Join Cincinnati artist Talitha Sydnei’a to create unique art. Program and art materials included with museum admission: $6, $5/ senior, $3/ages 6–17, Free/Ohio History Connection member. 800.752.2603 or ohiohistory.org/naamcc LIVE CONCERT

400—An Afrikan Epic Featuring Dr. Mark Lomax and the Urban Art Ensemble FRI., SEPT. 20 F 7:30 P.M. National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center, Wilberforce 4 Hear Dr. Mark Lomax, a 2018 Wexner Center Artist Residency Award recipient, share the 400-year story of black America through his original jazz composition 400—An Afrikan Epic. The concert explores history from pre-colonial Afrika, to the 400 years between 1619 and 2019, to Afrofuturism. Through 400—An Afrikan Epic, Lomax celebrates the resilience, brilliance, strength, genius and creativity of a people who continue to endure while offering a transformative view of the future. Tickets in advance or at the door: $25/person, $22.50 Ohio History Connection member. 800.752.2603, ext.

2113, or ohiohistory.org/naamcc

what made their fight different from that of others who fought and died in the War Between the States. $7, Free/Ohio History Connection member. 800.847.6507 or stowehousecincy.org

“““ Black Power in Comics Celebration

Fall Celebration JOHNSTON FARM & INDIAN AGENCY, PIQUA, OCT. 5

Harvest Gathering of the Crops SAT., SEPT. 21 F NOON–4 P.M. Fort Ancient Earthworks & Nature Preserve, near Oregonia & Lebanon Explore pioneer cooking methods and food preservation, including handson experiences with making hominy, stringing beans, grinding corn and other activities. Drop in on this activity or stay for the entire event. There will be plenty of information and many firsthand outdoor activities. $7, $6/ages 6–17 or 60+. Advance registration recommended.

800.283.8904 or fortancient.org

Wetland Ecosystems SAT., SEPT. 28 F 10:30 A.M.–NOON Fort Ancient Earthworks & Nature Preserve, near Oregonia & Lebanon Hear Ohio Certified Volunteer Naturalist Dave Woehr explain the natural function of wetlands and how agricultural and residential development have all but eliminated them from the landscape. $7, $6/ages 6–17 or 60+, Free/ages 6 & under. Advance registration recommended. 800.283.8904 or fortancient.org

begins with a short program sharing what’s currently in the night sky and how fugitives from slavery used the North Star to guide them to freedom. Then go outside, high on Rankin Hill overlooking the Ohio River, to enjoy the evening and gaze at the stars through telescopes.

Rain date Oct. 9. Advance registration required by Oct. 2. 800.752.2705, 937.392.1627 or ohiohistory.org/rankin

Wilderness Skills SAT., OCT. 5 F NOON–4 P.M. Fort Ancient Earthworks & Nature Preserve, near Oregonia & Lebanon Explore techniques of hunting, fishing, tanning and trapping. We’ll shoot bows and arrows, throw spears, learn about setting traps, tanning hides, making jerky and other skills useful for living in the natural world. The program includes hands-on activities for children and adults. Please dress for the weather, as activities take place outdoors. $7, $6/ ages 6–17 or 60+. Advance registration recommended. 800.283.8904 or fortancient.org

Follow the North Star Through the Night Sky

Freedom, Citizenship and Equality—The Story of the United States Colored Troops

WEDS., OCT. 2 F 7:30–9 P.M. John Rankin House, Ripley 4 Join staff from Cincinnati Observatory Center at this Underground Railroad site, a National Historic Landmark. They’ll guide you through the night sky, identifying stars, planets and constellations. The evening

SUN., OCT. 13 4–6 P.M. Harriet Beecher Stowe House, Cincinnati Almost 200,000 black soldiers fought for the Union during the Civil War. Hear Anthony Gibbs of the Ohio History Connection explain events significant to them that led up to the Civil War, and F

SAT., OCT. 19 F 10 A.M.–4 P.M. National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center, Wilberforce 4 Meet African American comic book artists and writers whose work has filled the pages of Marvel, DC Comics and other independent media. Learn how African Americans have used self-publishing and grassroots efforts to bring their creative visions to life. The day will also feature workshops that will introduce comic creation to aspiring artists and writers, plus vendors selling comic books and other comic-themed items.

See the related exhibit Behind the Mask: Black Power in Comics during your visit.

Included with museum admission: $6, $5/ senior, $3/ages 6–17, Free/Ohio History Connection member. 800.752.2603 ext.

2113 or ohiohistory.org/naamcc

OVER 50 SITES INSIDE! Ohio Histo ry

Conn ectio

n | PASS

POR T

1

ROAD TRIP?

Bring Your Passport!

Visit ohiohistory.org/passport or call 800.686.6124 today to receive your copy! $2 COVERS SHIPPING AND HANDLING FREE/OHIO HIS TORY CONNEC TION MEMBER

OHIOHIS TORY.ORG

23

National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center

““

Fall Celebration

Concert: 400—An Afrikan Epic

JOHNSTON FARM & INDIAN AGENCY, PIQUA, OCT. 5

NATIONAL AFRO-AMERICAN MUSEUM & CULTURAL CENTER, WILBERFORCE, SEPT. 20

OHIO VILLAGE PRESENTS

Trees Please

Scrapbooking Crop

SAT., OCT. 19 NOON–4 P.M. Fort Ancient Earthworks & Nature Preserve, near Oregonia & Lebanon Learn about trees and how they’re used, how to identify and measure trees and the plots that contain them, and how foresters go about counting all of the trees of a certain species at Fort Ancient. $7, $6/ages 6–17 or 60+.

Advance registration recommended.

800.283.8904 or fortancient.org

FRI., NOV. 1 F 9 A.M.–9 P.M. SAT., NOV. 2 F 9 A.M.–9 P.M. Adena Mansion & Gardens, Chillicothe It’s the perfect way to set aside time to assemble your scrapbooking memories amid convivial company and without interruption! We provide lunch, dinner and snacks, enabling you to concentrate on your scrapbooking skills. You’ll be set up with a personal six-foot table and also have electrical and Wi-Fi access.

Participating vendors will be on hand with interesting booths, and everyone will receive a welcome gift and be eligible for door prizes. $55/person per session. Advance registration required.

800.319.7248 or adenamansion.com

F

SEMI-COLON CLUB

The Color of Law

Oct. 12 & 19 5:30–9:30 p.m.

MEMBER SALES NOW OPEN Nonmember Sales Open Tues., Sept. 3 800.686.1541 ohiohistory.org/hallows

24 Echoes | SEPTEMBER & OCTOBER 2019

SAT., OCT. 26 F NOON–1 P.M. Harriet Beecher Stowe House, Cincinnati Join us for a book club discussion of The Color of Law, by Richard Rothstein.

800.847.6507 or stowehousecincy.org

Fort Ancient Fall Tour SAT., OCT. 26 F 2–4 P.M. Fort Ancient Earthworks & Nature Preserve, near Oregonia & Lebanon Join site manager Jack Blosser on a two-hour hike through the grounds of Fort Ancient. Enjoy the fall colors while learning about the archaeological history of the largest and best-preserved ancient hilltop enclosure in the United States. Walk through the same gateways as American Indians who created this ceremonial gathering place 2,000 years ago. $7, $6/ages 6–17 or 60+.

Advance registration recommended.

800.283.8904 or fortancient.org

SPECIAL VETERANS DAY PROGRAM HISTORICALLY SPEAKING LECTURE SERIES

Buffalo Soldiers— A Quest for Freedom SAT., NOV. 9 F 12:30 P.M. National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center, Wilberforce 4 A century and a half ago, black soldiers known as “Buffalo Soldiers” changed the face of the military forever. Buffalo Soldiers: A Quest for Freedom chronicles the extraordinary story of these men and women and the military service they rendered. After the film, hear a panel discuss the influence of the Buffalo Soldiers on future African American military service. Included with museum admission: $6, $5/senior, $3/ ages 6–17, Free/Ohio History Connection member. 800.752.2603 or ohiohistory. org/naamcc

Hayes Presidential Library & Museums

“““ VINTAGE BASE BALL FESTIVAL AT OHIO VILLAGE

Kids Day @ Hayes Civil War Camp HAYES PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY & MUSEUMS, FREMONT, OCT. 26

Sat., Aug. 31 & Sun., Sept. 1 9 a.m.–5 p.m.

Included with general admission. Ohio History Connection members enjoy free admission.

FEATURED EXHIBITS • • •

The Art of Soul!

Juried Art Show

What’s in Your Attic?

Selections from the Permanent Collection

MEET-THE-ARTISTS RECEPTION: FRI., SEPT. 13 F 5:30–7:30 P.M. EXHIBIT OPENING & AWARDS CEREMONY: SAT., SEPT. 14 F 11 A.M. ON EXHIBIT: SAT., SEPT. 14, 2019– SAT., FEB. 29, 2020 National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center, Wilberforce 4 See a juried show of works by artists from across the U.S. that depict three themes related to the African diaspora and African American culture: Social Justice, Identity and Surroundings.

800.752.2603 or ohiohistory.org/ naamcc

ONGOING F WEDS.–SAT. 9 A.M.–4 P.M. National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center, Wilberforce Opened in 1988, the Ohio History Connection’s National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center pioneered in preserving and presenting African American history and culture. See milestones of museum history and get a look at some of the fascinating history, art and pop culture items in our collection. Included with museum admission: $6, $5/senior, $3/ages 6–17, Free/Ohio History Connection member or ages 5 & under. 800.752.2603 or ohiohistory.org/naamcc

African Americans Fighting for a Double Victory

Behind the Mask— Black Power in Comics

ONGOING F WEDS.–SAT. 9 A.M.–4 P.M. National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center, Wilberforce 4 Explore the many ways African Americans served our country during World War II, and get a look at the impact black veterans had on postwar advances in civil rights. Included with museum admission: $6, $5/senior, $3/ages 6–17, Free/Ohio History Connection member or ages 5 & under. 800.752.2603 or ohiohistory.org/naamcc

ONGOING F WEDS.–SAT. 9 A.M.–4 P.M. National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center, Wilberforce Interest in black comic book characters is exploding, thanks to the hugely successful Marvel film Black Panther.

In this exhibit, explore the painful and triumphant history of African Americans in comic books. Included with museum admission: $6, $5/senior, $3/ages 6–17, Free/Ohio History Connection member or ages 5 & under. 800.752.2603 or ohiohistory.org/naamcc

For the full Ohio Village Muffins schedule visit ohiohistory.org/muffins.

OHIOHISTORY.ORG/VILLAGE

HOW DO YOU LIKE IT SO FAR? Please share your thoughts about Echoes Magazine by taking our survey.

PAPER SURVEY in this issue between pages 26 and 27

ohiohistory.org/survey Please respond by October 22.

OHIOHIS TORY.ORG

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26 Echoes | SEPTEMBER & OCTOBER 2019

Findlay’s American Mask Manufacturing Co. MASTERS OF MAKE-BELIEVE BY ELLEN MAHONEY

C

hildren can lose valuable sleep worrying about imaginary monsters. For me, they were a reality.

Creepy, macabre and even devilish-looking objects resided in the cobweb-filled attic adjoining my childhood bedroom.

University of Delaware Library, Museums and Press

Sometimes in full daylight—when I mustered the courage—I would wander into the attic and gaze at the 12 oddly shaped human and animal heads my father had dragged home one summer from Findlay, Ohio. I couldn’t figure out what these heavy objects were.

Gruesome garden figurines? Bulky but frightening doorstops? Eerie ceremonial objects?

Years later, I learned the heads were antique mask molds produced by the American Mask Manufacturing Co., founded in Findlay, Ohio, in 1884.

AN ENERGETIC VENTURE Joy Bennett, curator and archivist of the Hancock Historical Museum, says Findlay was a very small village that became a boomtown in the 1880s with the discovery of natural gas and oil. “Everybody was striking oil and getting rich and building huge Victorian mansions on South Main Street,” Bennett says.

Left: The 1927 Findlay Manufacturers & Distributors Exhibition included an exhibit by the Mason-O-Craft Co. that featured masks made by American Mask Manufacturing Co. The heads, masks and other products show the artisanship that went into each mask.

Above: The American Mask Manufacturing Co. traded in the creepy and macabre from 1884 through 1969.

All images courtesy of Hancock Historical Museum in Findlay, Ohio, unless otherwise noted.

By 1886, the town was home to the Great Karg Well, the largest natural gas well in the world at the time. Sometimes called the “City of Light” or the “Gas Capital of Ohio,” Findlay offered free fuel to businesses, which quickly attracted glass, bottle, window and novelty companies that required significant amounts of heat in their manufacturing processes. Factories such as the Columbia Glass Factory, Bellaire Goblet Co. and Dalzell, Gilmore and Leighton Glass Co. set up shop in Findlay.

Hearing about the abundance of free fuel, German immigrants Oscar Kirsten and Christian Heyn took notice. The good friends had high hopes of starting a Halloween mask-making company and relocated to Findlay from Cincinnati in 1884. Kirsten and Heyn founded the American Mask Manufacturing Co. in a small room at the Headquarters Building at 235 S. Main St. After a successful first year, they moved to a three-story building at 517 W. Main

OHIOHIS TORY.ORG

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FROM MOLDS TO MASKS Creating the Halloween masks involved art and science. Kirsten sculpted a wide variety of clay molds into human or animal faces, which were then baked at high temperatures. Once the molds were dry, the masks (face, full-head, full-body and two-person costumes) were formed by applying papier-mâché to the molds, drying them and decorating them with paint. Later, masks were created with gauze or linen and dipped in molten wax. Hair features such as braids, mustaches, whiskers and beards were also applied. In time, various molds were made of cast iron or aluminum.

In the early years, about 15 people were employed at the American Mask Manufacturing Co. “By 1888, they had 33 employees,” Bennett says. “At this point they were the only mask company in the United States.”

Thousands of masks were produced over decades, and nearly 100 masks were created each week. The mask inventory doubled during the busy Halloween season when more employees were brought in to help. Women were typically hired to paint the masks, sew on various hair items and attach cords in the back. An early American Mask Manufacturing Co. catalog read, “All masks are painted by hand and air brushed with bright vegetable pigment by American painters.”

MADE MARDI GRAS MASKS By the 1920s, the American Mask Manufacturing Co. produced numerous masks for the Mardi Gras.

According to Across the Years in Findlay and Hancock County, published in 1965 by R.L. Heminger, “The New Orleans Mardi Gras relied solely on the Findlay establishment for years for its bizarre transformations.”

The American Mask Manufacturing Co. also widened its inventory by creating products such as noses, ears, feet, hands, wigs, beards, angel wings, a knight’s armor, busts of George Washington, life-size ears of corn, yuletide items and even medical masks. A number of large over-the-head masks were created, as were two-person animal costumes. Some masks were given names, such as Happy Hooligan, Gloomy Gus and Barney Google. In one catalog from the late 1940s, prices included six dozen juvenile masks for $9.60, three dozen adult gauze masks for $13, one

28 Echoes | SEPTEMBER & OCTOBER 2019

large gauze bird head for $5, a giant ear of corn for $56 and a two-person giraffe for $180.

“Witches, pumpkins, demons and skull masks were among the most popular,” Bennett says, adding that some of the American Mask Manufacturing Co. masks were used as props in Hollywood films, such as the 1944 romantic musical comedy, Meet Me in St. Louis. Masks also depicted characters such as Mickey Mouse, Snow White, the Seven Dwarfs, Goldilocks, Uncle Sam, Felix the Cat, the Yellow Kid and celebrities such as comedian Jerry Colonna.

EXHIBITING THE MASKS AND MOLDS For years, Findlay’s Hancock Historical Museum featured the American Mask Manufacturing Co. in an exhibit that displayed various masks and molds, as well as a company payroll ledger, marketing catalogs and newspaper articles. Bennett says the masks bothered visitors at times. “It’s really hard to display masks without them seeming incredibly creepy and disturbing,” she says. “Without a face behind them, it’s just kind of there and looks really odd. The children would look at them and be rather frightened.”

Although the American Mask Manufacturing Co. produced a wide array of human and animal masks, Bennett says some of the masks were racist and depicted caricatures of human faces many people would view as offensive. One mask she found disturbing looked like a devil.

Displaying historic artifacts that are offensive takes care. “You have to do things in a very sensitive kind of way,” Bennett says.

Various American Mask Manufacturing Co. mask molds and a catalog are also part of the Ohio History Connection’s permanent collection. Currently, one metal animal mold is on display at the Ohio History Center. Ohio History Connection history curator Eric Feingold believes it’s important to take a critical look at cultural stereotypes that are sometimes presented in exhibits as popular culture. “We’d be kidding ourselves if we just presented a rosy look at history,” Feingold says. “Objects and other historical materials with ethnic and racial stereotypes, in my opinion, give us a lens through which we can explore our collective history, and more specifically, race relations in American history.”

THROUGH THE YEARS Halloween costumes, from the early American Mask Manufacturing Co. days to today, also provide an

The University of Delaware, Special Collections, Morris Library

Cross St. Oscar’s brother, Otto Kirsten, became an employee in 1888, and Kenneth B. Champ eventually purchased, renovated and expanded the American Mask Manufacturing Co. in 1945.

OHIOHIS TORY.ORG

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CLOSED IN 1969 In the 1950s, Halloween masks and costumes started to be mass-produced, and the handcreated work of the American Mask Manufacturing Co. could no longer compete. After nearly 85 years in business, the American Mask Manufacturing Co. closed its doors in 1969.

Ellen Mahoney is an author and educator from Colorado and teaches in the journalism department of Metropolitan State University of Denver. For more information, visit ellenmahoneyauthor.com

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Findlay’s Hancock Historical Museum has several items in its collection from the American Mask Manufacturing Co. “We’d like to have the masks on display more regularly, but they’re kind of scary,” says museum curator and archivist Joy Bennett with a laugh. “I try to do something every year with our American Mask Manufacturing Co. objects around Halloween.” Bennett says folks interested in learning more about the American Mask Manufacturing Co. can call the museum at 419.423.4433 to arrange a visit.

Left: American Mask Manufacturing Co. made masks that could transform you into an animal, the devil or even a famous real-life character. Jerry Colonna was a comedian, composer, songwriter (At Dusk, I Came to Say Goodbye) and trombonist, best known as the beloved, mustachioed sidekick on Bob Hope’s radio shows and movies in the 1940s and 1950s.

Right: See this American Mask Manufacturing Co. mask mold on display at the Ohio History Center in Columbus.

30 Echoes | SEPTEMBER & OCTOBER 2019

Ohio History Connection Archival Collections

opportunity to think about how costumes are worn and perceived. The Ohio University organization Students Teaching About Racism in Society (S.T.A.R.S.) helps students learn about racism and the importance of diversity. The organization has a campus poster campaign titled We’re a Culture, Not a Costume to shed light on potentially offensive and stereotypical Halloween attire.

Top: Employees of the American Mask Manufacturing Co. pose outside the factory at 517 W. Main Cross St. in Findlay while showing off some of their creations, circa 1890.

Top Left: Members of the American Mask Manufacturing Co. staff pose outdoors and show off their hand-painted wares. Bottom Left: This exterior view of American Mask Manufacturing Co. was used in its publications starting in the 1940s. Bottom Right: In its Oct. 30, 1949, "Pictorial Edition," The Toledo Blade included this picture of Helen Inbody painting bright red lips on an oversized mask.

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32 Echoes | SEPTEMBER & OCTOBER 2019

Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise ARCHITECT OF AMERICAN JEWISH RELIGIOUS LIFE

O

ne cannot tell the story of American Judaism without talking about Cincinnati and Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise.

This year is the 200th anniversary of Wise’s birth, and the occasion is being celebrated by members of the Isaac M. Wise Temple in the rabbi’s adopted home, Cincinnati.

“It would be impossible to recount a narrative history of the American Jew without speaking at great length about Cincinnati,” says Dr. Gary P. Zola, a professor of the American Jewish Experience at Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati. “After New York City, Cincinnati was the second most important city in America during the 19th century in regards to Jewish life in this country.”

Wise emigrated from central Europe to America in 1846, serving first as rabbi of Congregation Beth El in Albany, New York. He and his followers left Beth El to start a breakoff congregation, Anshe Emeth, in Albany in 1850.

A UNIQUELY AMERICAN JUDAISM He quickly set out to create a uniquely American Judaism built on the foundation of Reform Judaism, a denomination that emphasizes the evolving nature of faith and the importance of ethics above ceremony. At Congregation Beth El in Albany, Wise insisted on a greater role for women and pushed to replace bar mitzvah with a confirmation ceremony to be held when youths were older and more well-informed; at Anshe Emeth, men and women sat together in family pews.

After eight years in Albany, Wise confidently wrote, “The temple and congregation here are built up and firmly established. My mission here is ended.”

So what to do next, and, more important, where to do it?

“Cincinnati lies in the center of the country,” he wrote. “There in the West is a new world that comes into but little contact with the East. The people there are young and aspiring and not yet cast into a fixed mold.”

“I SHALL GO TO CINCINNATI” Warming to his message, Wise continued, “Now I understand what I have to do. I shall go to Cincinnati, start a new weekly journal, give

Left: Rabbi Isaac M. Wise envisioned the National Historic Landmark Plum Street Temple, built in 1866, and was a leader of Reform Judaism in North America, all from his adopted town of Cincinnati. He has had an enduring impact on Judaism throughout the world. Top: Isaac Mayer Wise, circa 1855, shortly after he relocated from Albany, New York, to Cincinnati.

Center: Wise founded Hebrew Union College in the basement of a West End temple in 1875. The college moved to its own building on Sixth Street in Cincinnati in 1880. Bottom: The Cincinnati campus of Hebrew Union College is at 3101 Clifton Ave., near the University of Cincinnati.

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Judaism a new and powerful impetus, and avenge myself for the good of humanity on the narrow religious bigots, so that they will think of me for a century.”

He moved to Cincinnati in 1854 and became rabbi of the B’nai Yushurun congregation, which was also known as the Lodge Street Synagogue. A year later, Wise launched, with publisher Edward Bloch, The Israelite, a weekly newspaper with the motto, “Let there be light.” The paper, which changed its name to The American Israelite in 1874, is the second longestrunning Jewish newspaper in the world. (The Jewish Chronicle was founded in 1841.)

“You can’t overstate the impact of The American Israelite.

Having a newspaper in the mid-19th century was the equivalent today of owning a national television network,” Zola says.

A RELIGIOUS REFORMER Though Wise is sometimes referred to as the “father of Reform Judaism,” Zola says that’s not quite accurate: “Speaking as a historian, that’s not exactly precise. A better title would be the architect of American Jewish religious life. He understood himself to be a religious reformer, but not the founder of Reform Judaism.”

Before emigrating to America, Wise bristled at the oppression of Jews he witnessed in Bohemia and in Europe as a whole. He embraced the promise of religious freedom in America, writing, “Cosmopolitanism is the highest object of humanity. We love this country’s institutions, because they approach nearest to the principles of absolute justice.”

“When he encountered bigotry, he fought back,” Zola says. “He was the Stokely Carmichael of the Jewish people, in that he wanted American Jews to be proud of their distinguished heritage. And he fought for civil equality.”

REVERED HIS ADOPTED COUNTRY Wise revered his adopted country, but did he consider himself more an American than a Jew?

A sermon handwritten by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise in 1881, titled Moral Freedom Versus the Augustinian Dogma.

described in 1967 by architectural historian Glenn Patton as “a spectacular mixture of Gothic and Moorish or Near Eastern elements, both within and without. The result is quite fantastic and flamboyantly colorful.” (See page 51.)

Even today, the temple’s history is palpable, Kamrass says.

“To be in the temple is to feel the currents, the flow of history moving past you, not just with Rabbi Wise but through the pulpit, through our culture, trends and values over the course of the last 157 years in the building.

Lewis Kamrass, the senior rabbi at the Isaac M. Wise Temple for the last 35 years, says Wise never had to make a choice between the two.

“I’m just a temporary guardian of a larger vision.”

“His life and work were about not having to make that choice,” Kamrass says. “He was in the first generation of Jews not forced to make the choice between country and religion.”

Wise’s overarching dream was a unified American Jewish world. To that end, he devised in 1857 a prayer book, Minhag America, for use by every Reform congregation in America. (In 1894, when the Central Conference of American Rabbis published The Union Prayer Book, Wise voluntarily withdrew Minhag America from his congregation, choosing congregational unity over ego.)

In 1866, Wise oversaw the construction of his congregation’s Plum Street Temple. Another of his enduring legacies, the Plum Street Temple was

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FOUNDED UNION OF AMERICAN HEBREW CONGREGATIONS & HEBREW UNION COLLEGE

rabbis to receive their ordination in the United States. “Of the 2,100 rabbis in the Central Conference of American Rabbis today, well, virtually all of them were trained at Hebrew Union College,” Kamrass says.

When Rabbi Wise died in 1900, more than 10,000 people passed before his casket, up until that time the largest funeral cortege in Cincinnati history. The New York Times ran a story about the funeral with the headline, “Sorrow in This City,” referring to Wise as “the foremost rabbi in America.”

“The mourning that took place when Wise died was remarkable,” Zola says. “And not just in Cincinnati, either.

In a scrapbook kept by his family, there are articles about his passing from newspapers all over the United States and throughout Europe.

“THE MOSES OF AMERICA” “One obituary writer called him ‘The Moses of America.’

Another mourned: ‘The light of Israel has gone out’ in Cincinnati.”

Kamrass says Wise lives on today both at the temple now named after him and in Reform Judaism.

Wise’s Reminiscences was first published in 1901, a year after he died.

In 1873, Wise, now a national figure in the Jewish faith, founded the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, which he hoped would serve as a national association of American Jewish congregations. The Union’s raison d’etre would be to establish and sustain a theological school. Two years later, in 1875, he established Hebrew Union College, now the oldest rabbinical school in the Western Hemisphere. Hebrew Union College currently has campuses in Cincinnati, Los Angeles, New York and Jerusalem.

Today, the college is home to the Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives, which boasts more than 10 million pages of documentation and nearly 8,000 linear feet of archives, manuscripts, photographs, audio and videotape, microfilm and genealogical materials. The college’s Cincinnati campus is also home of the Klau Library, which boasts the second-largest collection of Judaica in the world, exceeded only by Hebrew University in Jerusalem.

Before the formation of Hebrew Union College, there were few places in the U.S. where a young Jew could train to become a rabbi. The school ordained its first class of rabbis in 1883. These four men were the first

“If Rabbi Wise were to come back today, I think he’d be pleased that we have continued to reformulate ourselves, to be responsive to changing needs and the challenges of every new day. We continue to follow Wise’s mandate of ongoing change.” —EM

LEARN MORE

The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives has produced an 11-minute documentary, Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise: An American Original, to celebrate the 200th anniversary of Wise’s birth. You can view the documentary at ohiohistory.org/wise1 For more about the Isaac M. Wise Temple, visit wisetemple.org and click on “About” and then “Temple History.”

Long recognized for its history and architecture, Cincinnati’s Plum Street Temple is a National Historic Landmark and is among Ohio structures recorded by the Historic American Buildings Survey. See the measured drawings and photographs now in the Library of Congress at loc.gov/pictures/item/oh0028.

All images from the Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives

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Ohio History Connection Archival Collections

Rosella Rice (1827–1888), a lifelong resident of Perrysville, Ohio, became a novelist and early biographer of John Chapman. The earliest known image of Chapman as Johnny Appleseed is based on her recollections from childhood, when he lived with her family briefly. The artwork, credited to an unknown Oberlin College student, first appeared in an 1863 history of Ashland County. While Chapman’s physical appearance seems justified, the grafting knife shown in his right hand, a commercial horticulturalist’s tool, was not one he ever used.

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Ohio History Connection

Johnny Appleseed DISCOVERING THE MAN BEHIND THE LEGEND

W

hen people in Sunbury, Ohio, were looking for ways to celebrate the community’s bicentennial in 2016, they chose to have the trunk of an old, ailing tree on the village square carved into a representation of Johnny Appleseed.

Lisbon Area Chamber of Commerce

Such is the enduring legacy of this man’s impact on American history and folklore. Few years go by without another Appleseed publication, especially ones for children and youth. As recently as 2011 and 2012, three full-length books were added to the catalogs of a premier American publishing house, a leading academic press and a faith-based publisher.

It all began in 1846 with the publication of a short horticultural notice on Johnny Appleseed in a new agricultural journal, The Ohio Cultivator. Henry Howe followed with several paragraphs referring to the “eccentric” John Chapman in his 1847 Historical Collections of Ohio article on Richland County.

Top: Johnny Appleseed entered the world of children’s comic books in the 1950s. Today, a Canadian publisher is still producing reprints of the basic story for junior-level readers. The comic-book Appleseed was a friend to all, including animals, and as a man of strong faith, a peacemaker.

Bottom: Lisbon-area woodcarver Fred Gromley crafted a rendition of Johnny Appleseed from an eight-foot gum log to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the local festival in 2007. Chamber of Commerce staff arrange for its appearance on the festival grounds every year.

It was, however, a story by W.D. Haley, a retired Unitarian minister, in the November 1871 issue of Harper’s Monthly Magazine that catapulted Chapman onto the national scene as Johnny Appleseed.

Harper’s enjoyed a vast circulation, and Haley included all the nowfamiliar elements of the Appleseed tale: his odd dress and eccentric personal habits; obsession of heroic proportions with planting apple seeds; and overarching love of nature and all forms of life stemming from his adherence to Emanuel Swedenborg’s distinctive version of Christianity.

GETTING AT THE TRUTH Serious efforts to separate fact from fiction in the story of John Chapman began in earnest in 1930 with Robert Price, then a graduate assistant at The Ohio State University and eventually an Otterbein University professor of English.

With support from Johnny Appleseed enthusiast C. Burr Dawes of Newark’s Dawes Arboretum family, Indiana University Press published Price’s carefully researched biography, Johnny Appleseed: Man and Myth, in 1954. To Price we owe an accurate accounting of Chapman’s documentable apple nurseries (30 of the

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More recently, scholars have focused on identifying not just the facts of the real Chapman’s life but also getting at the larger meanings of the myths that have grown up around him. In Johnny Appleseed: The Man, the Myth, the American Story (Simon & Schuster), Howard Means suggests that Chapman, at least in modern terms, would likely have been considered insane by many.

Yet, Americans have transformed him into the nation’s oldest folk hero, much as Robin Hood became for England. Johnny Appleseed has been celebrated in literature, poems, on the stage and— perhaps most widely known—in Walt Disney’s 1948 movie Melody Time, where Appleseed’s story becomes a sermon on brotherly love and unselfishness.

Means notes the many incongruities between Chapman’s real story and the Appleseed myth.

Despite Johnny Appleseed’s vast popularity, few people know anything about the real man. What scholars do know is that, like every American then or now, Chapman craved owning land, but his vagabond lifestyle constantly thwarted that personal ambition. As best he could, Howard Means strove to nail down what Chapman actually did, even chronicling later attempts to follow his travels on foot or by comparing his journeys to the 1796–1797 travelogue of English astronomer Francis Baily.

THE HISTORY OF APPLES Muskingum University historian William Kerrigan’s Johnny Appleseed and the American Orchard: A Cultural History (Johns Hopkins University Press) is a less-conventional biography. He explored Chapman’s role in the horticultural history of the apple, an essential meaning of Appleseed’s life that has been swallowed up by the legends.

Chapman sowed seeds gathered free from western Pennsylvania cider mills. He transported the seeds easily via a sack on his back. The seeds produced apples that were small, crabbed and bitter and not destined for the dining room table. They were a far cry from the juicy and plump varieties that the popular myth would have us believe were Chapman’s legacy. Those modern varieties came from grafting a stem from known, reliable stock onto a rootstock that had already adapted to local soil conditions. It was a delicate, labor-intensive

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and time-consuming operation. Additionally, in a frontier setting, it was very risky since animals or forest fire easily destroyed trees. So in a world where safe drinking water was frequently an issue, Chapman’s apples were destined for the cider mill to create a beverage that, when fermented, could ward off harmful bacteria.

On the frontier, hard apple cider could be further fortified with corn whiskey or another distilled spirit. Or, during the winter, one could scrape the ice off the top of a hard-cider barrel to get “applejack,” which when melted down had twice the alcohol content.

Both techniques were added insurance for those wary of local drinking water. But they also added fuel to the fire once the temperance movement got underway in the 1820s. Kerrigan reminded us that early targets of the temperance movement were orchards, like Johnny Appleseed’s, grown from seeds. When Prohibition became official government policy in 1920, agents actually took an axe to many of the seedling orchards still remaining for fear of how they might be used. That is a major reason why there are so few live apple trees that can be traced back to Appleseed’s era.

A RELIGIOUS MAN Even less widely appreciated is Chapman’s role as a man of God, through the Swedenborgian faith, known in America as the Church of the New Jerusalem. The earliest known official documentation of Chapman’s work was in an 1817 Swedenborgian report in Manchester, England.

It included all the familiar parts of Chapman’s story but added his penchant for taking apart Swedenborgian publications for piecemeal distribution.

Like every other aspect of Chapman’s story, his religious life was replete with mythmaking. So it is no wonder that the Swedenborg Foundation Press has long been active in producing publications on Johnny Appleseed. The Core of Johnny Appleseed: The Unknown Story of a Spiritual Trailblazer by Ray Silverman (2012) is the most recent addition.

The author, a religion and philosophy professor at a Swedenborgian college, asked readers to see Chapman’s life through the religious lens of Emanuel Swedenborg’s mid-18th-century interpretation of Christianity. Swedenborg’s faith was highly upbeat, emphasizing a loving God and service to others above all else.

Andi and Stephen Wolfe Photography

35 were in Ohio) and—following diligent searches through county land records—his actual real estate holdings.

Silverman was a visiting scholar at Urbana University in Urbana, Ohio, founded in 1850 by followers of Swedenborg. In 1996, the Johnny Appleseed Education Center & Museum was founded there, and today holds what is said to be the world’s largest collection of Appleseed memorabilia. This educational community remains among those who actively strive to capture the many meanings that Americans have found in the real and imaginary stories of John Chapman. —EM

Below: When a new high school was being designed in Lakewood, Ohio, in the early 1950s, the architects commissioned Cleveland artist and designer Viktor Schreckengost to design a terra cotta relief sculpture of Johnny Appleseed. The Lakewood Board of Education was pleased with the resulting artwork but considered the subject too eccentric to adorn their building. So the sculpture was officially renamed “Early Pioneer” to better represent local civic sensibilities. Today, many recognize and embrace the artist’s original conception in the recently restored sculpture.

LEARN MORE

Online at remarkableohio.org, you can explore Johnny Appleseed-related Ohio Historical Markers. Under “Keyword Search,” enter “Appleseed” then click on “Submit.” You’ll find brown-and-gold Ohio Historical Markers identifying land that John Chapman owned at 98 S. Diamond St. in Mansfield, 2662 State Route 39 in Perrysville, near the Kokosing River on S. Main St. in Mount Vernon and at Island Park in Mount Blanchard.

More markers commemorate a “run” that Chapman made through Richland and Ashland counties during the War of 1812 to warn settlers of hostile American Indian tribes following attacks on three pioneer families. They include a marker on Mansfield’s Public Square, one for the Greentown Delaware Indian Village at 2488 State Route 39 in Perrysville, a marker in the parking lot of Charles Mill Dam Recreation Area on State Route 603 in Ashland and a marker for Historic Mifflin at 26 E. Maine St. in Mifflin. Finally, a marker at Urbana University recognizes the important link between Johnny Appleseed’s fervent Swedenborgian faith and the university.

Plan your visit to Urbana University’s Johnny Appleseed Education Center & Museum at urbana.edu.

Explore the Ohio Department of Transportation’s Johnny Appleseed Historic Byway that links additional Johnny Appleseed-related sites in Richland and Ashland counties at dot.state.oh.us/OhioByways.

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40 Echoes | SEPTEMBER & OCTOBER 2019

Wooster’s Doug Brown PROFESSIONAL SKATEBOARDER

It wasn’t a job one could apply for.

It wasn’t a job at all.

It was a hobby.

Doug Brown made a career out of it.

To this day, the Wooster native still can’t quite believe how he makes his living.

“Even the title is weird,” he says. "'Professional skateboarder.' I mean, what is that? I have this image of me on my skateboard and I’m wearing a cape like a superhero as I fly through the air.

But that’s what I am, a professional skateboarder. That's how my bills get paid. I’m flying to El Paso this week to do an event because of my board.”

Brown didn’t want to be a professional skateboarder at all. He was going to become an actor or a guitar player in a punk band, just as soon as he got out of Wooster High School. Though fame would likely be difficult to come by, at least “actor” and “guitarist” were things, things to which he could aspire.

“I don’t know if you remember the TV show Fame, but that’s what I was going to do,” Brown says.

But before he could pursue his dreams, his folks hit him with a serious dose of reality.

AN ENTREPRENEUR IS BORN

Left: Doug Brown turned his skateboarding hobby into a business when he opened a shop out of his parents’ basement in eighth grade. He opened a formal business in Wooster several years later, when he turned 16.

Above: Skateboard designs have changed dramatically over the years, but Brown says he prefers old-fashioned boards like the one pictured here.

“When I was in junior high, my mom and dad told me I had to get a job,” he says. “And I didn’t want to work at Wendy’s or Arby’s or whatever. So, I asked myself, ‘What do you like?’ And I opened my skateboard shop, the Skate Shack, in the basement of my parents’ house.”

And why not? For years, Brown had held local skateboarding competitions “in the middle of our cul-de-sac.” He’d assembled his own skateboards, built homemade skating ramps and

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become a fixture in the parking lot behind the Coliseum and on the stairs at McGaw Chapel.

“The business was legit, too,” he says. “I arranged for a small loan to get the money to start my business. I had my vendor’s license and everything.

I built relationships with national companies. I sold boards and helmets and knee pads and elbow pads and skateboard stickers.”

And then, in the early 1990s, the bottom fell out of the skateboarding industry and Brown was forced to shutter his shop. But that setback didn’t slow him down or make him gun-shy. He just moved on to another dream, accepting that anything worth doing would mean taking “educated risks.”

Much worse than losing his business was losing his mother when he was 16.

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“It was a traumatic time in my life, and I could easily have gone in a bad direction,” he recalls. “I could have got into drugs and alcohol. I was proud that I didn’t. I made good choices. I wanted to honor my mom’s memory.”

SKATEBOARDING CRASH After he lost his business and after his mother died, Brown was in need of a new job. And that meant another leap into the abyss.

“I drove over to Larry’s Music Center and asked the owner, ‘Do you have a guitar teacher?’ And he said, ‘No, but I guess we could give that a try,’” Brown explains. “So that was my next job, doing something else I loved. I couldn’t believe it. Every day I got to have my hands on a guitar, and I got paid for the privilege.”

He never stopped skateboarding, though. He never has. He probably never will. (“Though I do wear a helmet at all times and don’t try to do tricks that could get me hurt!” he says.)

In his 2014 memoir, Bliss of the Unwind: My Life Beyond the Board, Brown recalls his skateboarding breakthrough at the Gravity Games in 2002.

Though not a contestant, Brown finagled his way onto the half-pipe ramp and strutted his stuff.

Before the games were over, Brown had his first sponsor, his professional career officially launched.

All he had to do to capitalize on his good fortune was to work harder than anyone else.

PAYING HIS OWN WAY “I remember my first trip to San Diego (skateboarding’s mecca). I booked a flight with my own cash to attend an industry trade show where I got to skate and meet team managers and industry people,” he writes in Unwind. “I was making my own waves and hookups, on my own. I asked nothing of anyone. I took risks, I made phone calls, I hustled, I bled. I did loads and loads of competitions and industry events. I put myself out there.” And he hasn’t stopped putting himself out there, as a motivational speaker at high schools, libraries, camps and commencements, and as the author of several books, including Unwind and Speed Entry: Advice for the Rebel with a Cause Teenager.

When he looks back on his professional career— he doesn’t often—Brown remembers meeting skateboarding heroes like Tony Alva and Ray Underhill.

“You do wonder, ‘Was it all luck? Or did I create my own luck?‘” Brown says. “The memories are a constant reminder of how cool and special this ride has been and how far I’ve come. And the doors skateboarding opened for me.

“It all has led to me being a mentor and inspiring people. Hey, mission accomplished if I can help people.” —EM

Left: Brown has been a professional skateboarder for 17 years. He says he still skateboards every day and his only concession to age is always wearing a helmet.

Right: Brown first took up skateboarding after watching Michael J. Fox skateboard in Back to the Future. This boom box skateboard design recalls the mid-to-late 1980s.

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It all has led to me being a mentor and inspiring people.

Hey, mission accomplished if I can help people.

DOUG BROWN

Top: When he isn’t skateboarding, Brown delivers inspirational talks to schools, libraries, camps and commencement ceremonies as part of his Dream Big motivational program.

Bottom: Brown was a guest of honor at the March 16, 2019, opening of the Ohio History Center exhibit, Ohio—Champion of Sports.

LEARN MORE

Want to buy one of Doug Brown’s books or find out his skateboarding schedule for the rest of 2019? Visit his website at dougbrown.org.

Brown is featured in the Ohio History Connection exhibit Ohio—Champion of Sports, now on display at the Ohio History Center in Columbus. (Members can catch the exhibit for free.)

Last summer, the Ohio History Connection conducted an oral history interview with Brown, which you can listen to at ohiohistory.org/DBrown.

All images courtesy of Doug Brown.

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I Wish I’d Been There W H E N T H E H O P E W E L L P EO P L E B U I LT T H E N E WA R K E A R T H WO R K S BY B R A D L E P P E R

The Newark Earthworks are Ohio’s official State Prehistoric Monument. They are also a National Historic Landmark—the highest level of recognition given by the United States to historic sites.

And, as if that’s not enough, they’re also being considered for nomination to UNESCO’s (the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s) World Heritage List.

A vast complex of mounds and earthen walls, the Newark Earthworks were built by American Indians more than 2,000 years ago.

Originally, the earthworks covered more than 4 square miles and included more than 7 million cubic feet of earth in their construction.

Two huge remnants of those earthworks are preserved at the Great Circle Earthworks, which straddle Newark and Heath, and the Octagon Earthworks on the west side of Newark.

BUILT BY ANCIENT AMERICAN INDIANS The Newark Earthworks were built by the Hopewell culture, which was named for the Hopewell Mound Group in Chillicothe, where the distinctive characteristics of this ancient American Indian culture were first recognized and described by archaeologists. The Hopewell people lived in small, dispersed communities, yet they came together in large numbers to build their gigantic earthworks, which

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incorporated a deep knowledge of geometry and astronomy. And Newark was where they built their masterpiece.

But how did they do it? They had no authoritarian political leaders who could have ordered their followers to build these massive public works. So what compelled so many people to gather here year after year, for decades at least, to build this sprawling maze of earthen geometry?

CARRYING SOIL IN BASKETS On the most basic level, we know how they built the earthworks.

They selected the best soil in the area, used sharp sticks and shell hoes to dig it up and loaded it into baskets, which they then carried on their backs to the carefully surveyed site, where someone showed them where to dump it.

They repeated this process over and over and over.

But that’s just the mechanics of it. The real question is: Why did people come from hundreds of miles away to work hour after hour, day after day, year after year until that special someone whose vision guided the work said they were done?

This is why I wish I’d been there.

If I could just go back in time and somehow learn the language or, more probably, the languages, spoken by the many people who had gathered at Newark from across eastern North America to do this great thing, I could work alongside them and ask

them why they were doing it. I’d speak with the men, women and children hauling the baskets of earth, the architect who laid out the complicated geometry and the priests who made the precise observations of the rising and setting of the moon to which the earthworks were aligned. I’d talk to the pilgrims who came to the earthworks with offerings of unusual and rare raw materials that they’d brought from their homelands or journeyed far to obtain, to the artisans who shaped those materials into elegant ceremonial regalia and to the hunters, gatherers, fishers and farmers who labored to provide all of these people with the food to sustain their efforts over the months of spring, summer and autumn, when the soil was easiest to dig. And while each of these people doubtless would have had

Steve Patricia

Ohio History Connection archaeologist Brad Lepper worked with artist Steve Patricia to develop Patricia’s painting, Newark Earthworks.

their own answers to the question of why they were there, their varied voices could be woven together into the many themes and variations that composed the magnificent symphony we now call the Newark Earthworks.

Brad Lepper is senior curator of archaeology for the Ohio History Connection.

IN LIEU OF A TIME MACHINE

You can learn more about the Newark Earthworks by visiting the Great Circle Museum at 455 Hebron Rd. in Heath, Ohio, where you can see an interactive video explaining the significance of the site and tour an exhibit that features a timeline of Ohio's ancient cultures and explains why American Indians regard the Newark Earthworks as a sacred site. The exhibit also details how the earthworks align with the rising and setting of the moon. Following the museum tour, you can take a self-guided tour of the grounds during daylight hours. Plan your visit at ohiohistory.org/ newark.

But if Albert Einstein was right, I will never be able to travel back in time and have those conversations.

So archaeology must be my time machine. And I must seek those answers in layers of mounded soil, in broken bits of flint and pottery and in the remains of cooking hearths and postholes. That may not seem like much to go on, but this is the archaeologist’s alphabet that allows us, after years of painstaking research, to read the stories written in the earth by the generations of people who came before us.

LEARN MORE

Brad Lepper writes at greater length about the Hopewell in his book, Ohio Archaeology, published by Orange Frazier Press in 2005. The book is available in our Ohio History Store at the Ohio History Center in Columbus or online at ohiohistorystore.com.

Lepper also contributed a chapter on the Newark Earthworks to the anthology Hero, Hawk and Open Hand. Published

by Yale University Press in 2004, the book explores “the archaeological remains of earthen pyramids, plazas, large communities, works of art and artifacts” along the Ohio, Tennessee and Mississippi rivers that “testify to Native American civilizations that thrived there between 3000 B.C. and A.D. 1500.“ Another anthology, Enduring Monuments, Contested Meanings, edited

by Lindsay Jones and Richard E. Shiels, includes 15 essays from a wide range of perspectives on the Newark Earthworks.

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Internment on American Soil AN UNJUSTIFIED T R AG E DY

YO U N G E Y E S O N T H E PA S T BY E M M A K I M , E L L A N U G E N T A N D S A R A H W I L S O N , O H I O H I S TO RY DAY S T U D E N T S 48 Echoes | SEPTEMBER & OCTOBER 2019

Library of Congress

Winter 1943 street scene, Manzanar Relocation Center, Inyo County, California, by photographer Ansel Adams.

Library of Congress

For their 2019 Ohio History Day project, Hyde Park Elementary School sixth-graders Emma Kim, Ella Nugent and Sarah Wilson created a 10-minute documentary about the Japanese American internment during World War II. A CBS Sunday Morning interview with Norman Mineta, a former internee, had sparked their interest in the topic.

Surprised that they had never learned about this tragedy, they delved into research to learn more.

While creating their documentary, Emma, Ella and Sarah learned “an abundance of new knowledge not only about their topic, but also about research, synthesis and presentation skills. We created annotated bibliographies, analyzed sources, and presented our documentary for an audience and a panel of judges,” says Sarah.

“In creating our documentary, we aimed to tell a story of the past and show its relevance and importance to the present and future,” says Sarah. “We wanted to focus on the history but more important, the humanity that was affected by this event.”

Their documentary, Internment on American Soil—An Unjustified Tragedy, placed first in it its category at Ohio History Day and qualified for the 2019 national History Day competition.

Emma, Ella and Sarah summarize what they learned below. —EM A BRIEF HISTORY OF JAPANESE AMERICAN INTERNMENT The bombing of Pearl Harbor simultaneously entered the United States into World War II and lit the fuse of prejudice that led to the incarceration of 120,000 Japanese Americans.

Two months after the bombing, the head of the Western Defense Command recommended that Japanese Americans be removed from the West Coast. In less than a week’s time, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order

This photograph of the Manzanar War Relocation Center was taken by noted American photographer Ansel Adams during World War II.

9066, forcibly evacuating all Japanese Americans living along the West Coast to internment camps.

Ten camps were established in states ranging from California to Arkansas.

Internees suffered in soaring and plummeting temperatures and unsanitary living conditions. They were also subjected to spoiled food and ineffective vaccinations. Although they lost their homes, their possessions and their security, Japanese Americans continued to display their patriotism to America while living in the camps.

SUPREME COURT RULES With slight improvements, life in the camps continued for several years until D-Day, when the Allies invaded Europe, leading to the defeat of the Axis powers. On the same day, the Supreme Court ruled that loyal Japanese Americans were not legally allowed to be detained, thus freeing them, but the process to dismantle the camps extended over a year.

Japanese Americans left the camps with few possessions and no property to return to, while continuing to face racial inequality. However, this began to change with the signing of several proclamations and acts in the ensuing decades, including when President

RELATED PROGRAM: See Mae Takasugi's Parasol, page 16.

Ronald Reagan apologized to internees in 1988 on behalf of the United States government, admitting a wrong. President Reagan signed the Civil Liberties Act resulting in $1.6 billion being paid to former Japanese American internees or members of their families. This was a large triumph, but it did not outweigh the emotional tragedy and toll of the internment.

Emma Kim, Ella Nugent and Sarah Wilson live in Cincinnati. They completed their project as sixth-graders at Hyde Park Elementary School. They enjoy various sports and activities and have a shared passion for history. They would like to acknowledge their social studies teacher, Kathryn Fischer, for sparking their interest in history and supporting them throughout the course of their project.

LEARN MORE

Watch Emma, Ella and Sarah’s documentary at bit.ly/2S9lfjM.

OHIOHIS TORY.ORG

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Reviews BOOKSHELF

We get many more books than the two we usually feature in each issue.

The stack's grown high enough that it may harm us if it falls over. With that in mind, though we usually review books and other materials in this space, here are some titles we’re looking forward to reading in the not-too-distant future.

••• Frank Lavin’s book Home Front to Battlefront: An Ohio Teenager in World War II was 12 years in the making. It’s the story of Army soldier Carl Lavin, Frank’s father, but “also a broader American story, for what comes through in this narrative is ordinary, and yet how extraordinary the tale is,” as Frank writes in his preface. Carl was a high school senior living in Canton when Pearl Harbor was attacked on Dec. 7, 1941. Home Front to Battlefront follows him from his enlistment in the reserves as a freshman in college to his call-up, training, combat (at the Battle of the Bulge and other conflicts) and, finally, to V-E Day and the Allied occupation of Germany.

The book is based on Carl’s personal letters, his recollections and those of the people with whom he served, official military history, private papers and more.

50 Echoes | SEPTEMBER & OCTOBER 2019

Jonathan Koons was a mid-19th-century Athens, Ohio, farmer-turnedmedium. Author Sharon Hatfield shares his story in Enchanted Ground: The Spirit Room of Jonathan Koons. As Hatfield writes in the first chapter, Koons “built a special house where it was said that the dead spoke to the living, where the ancient spirits of the place deigned not only to reveal the wisdom of the ages to visitors but to serenade them with celestial music.”

Though Koons’s life is shrouded in mystery, Hatfield relies on visitors’ firsthand accounts of the Spirit Room as well as on Koons’s own books, essays and letters. In her preface, Hatfield “invites readers to enter the sphere of the 19th-century spiritualists and look at the world the way they saw it—playful, mysterious and ultimately kind.”

In Maria Longworth Storer: From Music and Art to Popes and Presidents, Constance J. Moore and Nancy M. Broermann attempt to answer the question, “Who was Maria Longworth Storer?” In their preface, the authors write that Storer (1849–1932) was “a Cincinnatian first and foremost.

The Queen City was home to her family and the source of Longworth wealth. She was a philanthropist who supported the establishment of a music festival, a music school, the first pediatric hospital and the first kindergarten in her hometown.”

Storer was also “a talented artist who painted in oils, worked in clay to form decorative pottery and tapped beautiful pictures on thin pieces of copper. … She established the successful international business,

the Rookwood Pottery Company, in an era when women were expected to be domestically focused rather than entrepreneurial. She helped put Cincinnati on the map as a center of art.” Maria Longworth Storer features new archival research and never-before-seen photographs of the Storer family.

The 125th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, led

by Emerson Opdycke, wasted little time making its reputation as a fierce fighting force during the Civil War. After the Battle of Chickamauga in 1863, Union Brig. Gen. Thomas J. Woods wrote in his official report, “I desire to commend Colonel Opdycke, especially, to the favorable consideration of the commanding general. The record of his regiment (a comparatively new one and never before in general engagement) in the late battle will, I am sure, compare most favorably with that of the most veteran regiments engaged.”

Woods dubbed the regiment “Opdycke’s Tigers,” and the name stuck. Historian Thomas Crowl recounts the regiment’s exploits in Opdycke’s Tigers in the Civil War: A History of the 125th Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Of the regiment, Crowl writes, “The 125th saw 111 officers and men die in battle out of the 1,030 men that appeared on its rolls.

Civil War soldiers referred to experiencing combat as ‘seeing the elephant.’ Opdycke’s Tigers saw the elephant, bravely stalked it and, in the end, could claim a role in saving the Union.”

J. Miles Wolf © 2019

In the Society of Architectural Historians Archipedia, historian Jeffrey Tilman says Cincinnati's Plum Street Temple is “a landmark of the Reform Movement in Judaism and a masterpiece whose architectural significance is equal to its import as a religious monument.”

See Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise—Architect of American Jewish Religious Life, page 32.

Read more about the 1866 Plum Street Temple (also known as Isaac M. Wise Temple)

by Cincinnati architect James Keys Wilson at sah-archipedia.org.

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