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repr The a s t two C Afriche follow P), the ociation envi esents anrrest of an A ing s natio fo r t o o w n t m t o hono men her o erica ateme n’s prer the Blac t m r n f n k o men t foll mier r Afr inou er C the li men o in a publ ommiss fe and w ican Ams signal at a P Philawing deltowa ic unres ion foun ork of D ericans of the inhiladelp years BAKER .L h rds b t in o d ra c S cism r. King a ess than reasingl ia Starb ecom ur c b efo on Cal FIEL uck y d nd an ing a omm tw be fr re his co ifornia’ natio unitie d police 50 year o weeks angerou s eed w nvic s sa n wh s, we a b tion ith ere a still rutality fter the fter we even Vicente in days, perso have a at th Kern e ng w rooyou 1993 though Benavi a tent n is jud2.loWhen t of see this logo scan 1. Get the app by scanning or download it was convic the stat de not t of theirged by t ay to go he whole picture with this QR code with your the from Google Play he co over c injur false. M tion on e S lo o haracter contablet or smart phone. or smartphone. or The App Store f the tablet ation “The Sryour a anno ies reca any doc gro nd i r t a s k r p insig buck in. rov first- unced Tnted. K tors er d u ure ht rega ides dan s situw ould egree m esday th n C u impl of our rding t gerous b at p r d e o e nd-d “ refus icit bia nation he failegree difficult r and th c h s , t a e a i rge, m Serving Kern County to b seriou o take unc he w urder. f not im E p o for Over 40 Years ism onscious elieve thsly. We B v unti enavid uld be en if B we a bias— at o l i Bus e o m e a f s r u — m c e w r ton, ourt edia ill r Ker iness way can and often u the racand spokesw order to emain o te into fieldn CounPionee does nawa p o R o r re licies our m New ty S r Aw NA orde ehabil man fo elease n d ACP . actio ake its s Ob uper ard W h r is p itatio r S t a n i rbu Pres serv or C s an rovid n. B the Cal im i Blac “We t c i h “ ifor er p ourtnner; J d d e k I e e n e s a wou ’ve see d, Th u hot requ k men know (NA failur situat nt and ld be n it h orntovides co o) . (Carin dge G e i i i n i A f r C o e o C l u hand six p Phila gto oria f ou n pr EO D t P) Bena within a appen i n said. nP olice delp wo his r na ovid erri cuff d —De n a rich J Cann f v f u o e h c a e i w t r g o s d ia D s k w an ion ffi a ett/ on o Pre rrick er w hter, Co es was b days,” little a to tdanger Johnso thenwaiting d arres cers to et y to s Bak side as at she s nsue J ake ous abys n sa ers-f lyn firoit? Or chool w e stand we be to order t them m nt a ohnso l aid w i i oV y imp tti n er o nd C n, N licit sight s that Step red at explain ould be doct gency r rk. The erdugo, ng his g allow the m gin to coffee, r t e h t h E b s S A e g ho on e ah O ias n u i ACP ou s fo defe ors that oom. Sh couple la in Dela i seri arding the “Every r nd st nder- tback, by Clark w times a eed Vas t at by a s n n e t ous t hat h poli as sh nd sh sell, a h dead and rea such o ate that o l o expl stereotyp day peo ut of se said thhe girl h died ab er broug o y . e wa ce offi ot at ot d ly fo ction verze men meown ain w a p o a h e t e t d u a s l h e l e s g r 2 e t t a e a r a a e of co c of Southern l-California r Volume1.45 Number 15 Newspapers a hous irl ma19,h2018 hyObserver i for a ast glad the culpcers in S 0 times d by poally-ill mer just o Wednesday, A foDecember 14-y nd emb Group lor fi tect. paid to e by thoy use of GET e and y ha t her hea wee i n a u r a i r e l e n e g j a n c i i t d u a t n c n u v s s s n ra d r-old ded d the c r erve i e e e s n r SCA AP d ase o esponsibmento, hit 8 tim officers in Brookde the g ies from ic patho Benavid been st on and who w Bren fears themse “All . N Q P. es br ru . Or base irl’s i logis f o b l l p a YOU e t n v e S f o y e s r e a , o i t s f o s o n n a o m d R njur rbuc g sod t con iefly ck r bre Walk thers. at th ainly why on t whil by me often B i lost k e c a e u o h PHO R TA CODE s l s er w k H t u e t d m i m e w that i n d ciety Black ia. Rac hese iss ho m ow els mercy o no o ng into c assump the sa edical re nearly al ere caus ized, an ed that s NE. BLET WIT u e s i f o s i c e t s l m n c th d o e u c s i a s o d l t d e mi o ed h an w m l r OR H stoo s. We ar n and t when t rds that ater reca by sexu several d is bu e u raining o mitting angerou and bia are discu SEA S k n h e s e s a s o i n s e t n e l a wa MA s to fa m t w on llet and so her inju girl was dicated ed, sayin assault. ce th implicit ore res ill not s that m ed in pa RT GOORCH O rie th g ourc just ssing fi m ake e con bias s i b N g e s G l e,” a e said th s may h rst hospi ere was they h o aw impl sequ and r s to episo OR LE P a c t y e a a e d v a c d n c y e l o i b ic ize no ev ces o ism. s rdin purpo b LAY DOW g to f our If wecussion, without reathing rted een caus d. They ide t o h e r failu e sta cause ed by also FRO NLO re to efuse to, ducationur sote Su h o M T AD do so we’ll prem f death er me and APP 2 “ana cont .” H e . C L E t ourt inSTO LOGOOK F ’s rul om RE ing O O
News Observer FREEEE!!
Bakersfield
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By Darlene L. Williams and Austyn J. Williams Contributing Beat Writers The smoothness of his rich baritone voice, the lyrical content of his melodious ballads, and his graceful stage presence seemed to intoxicate the audience. Two–time Grammy Award Winner, Gregory Porter appeared at the Bakersfield Fox Theatre, Sunday December 16, 2018 for a night Bakersfield won’t soon forget. The riveting benefit concert, benefitting Agapeland Christian Academy, featured Porter accompanied by a four-piece jazz ensemble. The event attracted some 600 attendees. Ticket sales for the black-tie concert “Gregory Porter, Unplugged” ranged from $35-$75 and VIP access $100. The show opened with several acts including, Saxophonist Phil Walker beautifully playing a Christmas melody befitting of the evening. Saxophonist, Darren Gholsten stirred the crowd with jazzy- soulful twists to familiar Christmas tunes. The Quartet cast of Smokey Joe’s Café Stars Theatre: Mason Edwards, Kenneth Labron, Riordan Banks, Paul Robinson, and Caley Mayhall, and Brock Christian (pianist), entertained the audience with a few acts from their Motown-inspired Broadway show. The crowd roared as Gregory Porter made an entrance to the stage with such poise and sheer finesse, as he sang his hit single, “Holding On”. “Take Me to the Alley”, a song inspired by his late mother; a minister who had a “store front church” and an unrelenting love and concern for the people on Lakeview Avenue and Cottonwood Road. The song gave insight into the heart of his Christian upbringing. The Bakersfield native captivated the audience as he crooned, “Take me to the alley/take me to the afflicted ones/ take me to the lonely ones that somehow lost their way/ let them hear me say I am your friend/come to my table/ rest here in my garden/you will have a pardon.” His sultry voice came with an ambience that filled the Continued on page A6
Visionary Freedom Fighter Don Rojas
cer i LOS AN baby s suing th GELES was while re e state p (AP) _ Baker R Tues pregnan spondin rison sy A Calif Bak sfield e t s o day Fres rsfield Nat no in B . Sarah g to a fig tem afte rnia co Bas State M ive Na C rr C a h r k t ketb o o en’s med e b o o aske all C H le sa rsfield. gle fil etwee she says ection o oac ead d for gFRANCISCO h n e y he lo ffi d s SAN (AP) – It’s a busy time t i n i a s a dis she onal mate sfor or We s strhe’s told time to feed crsome Insti lebut s Claus, making fish inh st her i wSanta FREE! w m e a the C will Reap n i o s t n u n u ffi a ’ o t t t onseq Francisco. io en sh poss ion in us po cials anSan uence otheThe ible she launchednitslawsu e s Academy Sciences ehac sitiof o r posCalifornia and T ws n at it Env ition sThursday the Ca ascuba preg diver he’d hapby holiday Whe festivities i. Shhaving ir Lloyd Porter (brother of Gregory Porter) with Gregory Porter and members of the Johnson Just onmeand Banks wh n h w a a n a l n e ic n i i v t i t dressed as St. Nick submerge into a coral reef exhibf e a l ru t an s e to s s hal o l Facin Issu family. (Carrington Prichett photo) “lostite while eithe ayfrom o n he wasof children s w rnia Cthe Res g Kern es iden orrec d seven wer sawatched r tak he behind g to her b nindozens ts Co. a s l a Dep glass. to e le stop aby mon ry. ve or ld that a fig show thsruns tion artmenThe v duScuba Santa’’ throughaChristmas e Opinion a t t p h o c Star d re t betmorning ce of C placea during iDay. d no It takes : Poli ween gnafeed orrec placen the to 2 bucks nt, Cat the Phil-pt t im Cha ce Reco t Blac CEO rgin ippine Coral Reef tank at the San Francisco museum. a t mm m i i l o o n in g o r e e m kM Fata ICE A nd u tu donned diatedivernsGeorge gle f l Cra g en AApolog Volunteer re.” ates ahis ell ly co and C pBell sh ents rres izes nd lSanta Th ommand m ted suit, from hat to coal black scuba gear e afor men boots, t C e u ra a n t on questions liforinside recent feed and fielded visitors’ n the l ity Refrom the tank. awsu habilit ia She a- of t. Say riff You The Philippine Coral Reef tank has ithousands s Urg He Wa ngbloo d in s reef fish representing about 100 species. g N Kill A Inm nyone ot ates to People can watch Santa’s appearance online by “Meet C webcam . EO
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Ever me shapof these bene erica ople They to direct that thos e votinge who see flu y go ele e, fit ha ele en vern take fo cted ve from ed to ke are also necessa e in po process k to di for gr ce that wected offi rm or ry an litica y po able fashi officials know senfra fices the more cial anted as It d sit to l on yie wi Blac nc doesn . io ensu critical positio that ters man made sacrik pe lds powe throug ll impa way, Nearly ev ns. re th or ’t vo hise ople at sel resource ns of po ting is adhere not— matter is in r and hout yo ct er foug y people by so sh yt is an hing flu ould ect pe s to wh we ap died ht, bled who neve some lev ur 2018 Regio ople select r are represento any lawd it mos ether yo intro pointed enced by that im na r ign are ap areas. or rea t yo voted t certa u belie our fightin and ore orel 2424 at the l Conven com duce leg by them an electepacts ou poin ction u. There on by inly do ve yo e law islati (Brea Cottonw CAPK ing wi the freedom g for ted ar s. on, an. These eled officiar daily liv kfa ll Fr oo ing. There arey respons is absolu those whes—you ur vote as Blright to and es, l d vo sentenWhether mat- tal Joinst and Ch d Road iendship be held e that tely will no o’ve te oncted offi or someo in som ga Either Lead ildcar , Bake Hous on Sa have ack pe vote, votin ce your voting bills, cials dr ne wh e to ged citize you doacceptab will ch no level been ele have to Convjustice iss ers . rsfi e tu e ople le of an cte ue hip Co check in eld CA Comm rday, Ap that be en aft ns supp g for th loved for the unsel even polic o that tter un must it or yo excuses ge that. complain d to intereste ing is to s in Kern 9:30a 9330 unity ril judg ort pa e judg one Blac The fre y, 7 9:3 tuall trans d in polit derst seek to u reap when bring me, wh Ce 28, to Co for k ed in e ym wh g y po om a an ics Ameri ents expe it co beun adva rtatio learning togeth unty. Tha discussi10am) 0am-1:0nter th d and o has th lengthy o has th cans 0pm martyI can on produce. the impa derstan e conseq mes to lunchnce our n, water more er reside e objec on on cam rience priso e po visita e po d ly vo ue e rs, ct to envir po ab ,an , loc we we nt lea tive n ttio wo nc day ho of th ou lit al d ch nific with n rig r to de senten r to that we who sac nder, ildcar prioriti using, ant topics ders anof this Reonmene law ics if th es. En- ag For mo hts th term ce or their shou rifice howe attac ant pricea sigd loc es. W d ho like e. s and ey wi lover@ re in ro gr d ld ve al giona inf th he e ugh e wi w r, if child ing po aves as all ap their decis sh leade tag Je d or and ll pr to civ e Generalpartners l the fam to rshipc mation, ions ffr prec very liv many tentia they ovide ically it, thingey Bone Plan, has that fre iat ou ple of ily loo es l en e ns a M ase ou an k up for el.or light gage to som that y sa d r howe aybe been definitelyedom of g or contact break to e wa im ys th this overwh on mucday, are the right politica ver. (559 : Ad fast, l at ne electi elmin fli h have free. So not ed ficial ory, is inpacts ou At to ) ey of pp 90 least vo ou 5-90 inka Gl right been los much bl by an elesomeofluencedr dailyarly ever I ho on cycle g collecti r squa ing over te 47 over pe it nd lives yto vo t—all ood ha cted ne wh by at will. will provve politica ered vo in te. for ou s been officialo wasan elect, in te to l died In fact, appo ed . r fre sh be di apathy. intedom ed, and tion, in Worldif you ad fferen so and t, Mex the War War I, d up th for th many liv icane W e prec es the Ko Am of 1812 orld W numbe asked DELA ious total rean Werican W, all of ar II, th r of Am Immi prosecuNO, Ca th lif. gra nu eri tor e ar, ar, e dead Am (A wa ca m fight ly chtion ands to look P) _ Po ing to ber of that num the Span rs with erican ns who ase peop Custo into fili lice in Re the be ish en DelanSanto . ms Nor After th d slavery. le who r would -America Indians,voluafter A video Enforng crimiCentral fled o whenGarcia an a qu died not be n W the cem nal ch Califo in thth to th e Civil W iet posted alone ar ent tos GaICE agen their SUd Marc as agen arges ag rnia have ees calPolice Codiscussiononline sh ts. Th V hit elina Whi e new e South ar, man rcia in th large as and ts inv ainst Ga wa Reco in e Ci were led 91 mmiss that las ows po olved two eral te abolitio claim Delano sn’t th e couple a utilit rcia die nstru order y Whites vil Wthe but told th 1 to say ioner Ri ted sev lice hand in a but vided they police e man th was in y pole an d last mo ar the SoBlack m nists ra ction to help migrate e me era ch they were denie eo sh weren on W e agen the coun d overt nth in n ha the men ard Ro l minu cuffing d fro gain uth ev en were n for pogovernm Black th ts ’t d ss ed th tes we ow en ref d be m e me re tre said Sta . the The Ba s oth using nesday were lootry ille urned as rural cau come of th s and th en electe also electe litical ents. M people th the n king gally bu they polic Johnson used to se they in and spassing rbucks formaagents be kersfield erwise. their lig said lea for. ask th e t San’s ht man e Reconse progresd some d to th office an any of th rive . ha em tio ch Ca He e s or ed the arr call, bu statem ve. dn’t arg n liforn Bl y So siren two IC boug to use said offiployAn ICto a pe ed with uthe truction s made ack sen e U.S. Cod won. ose custo ests oc t a Sta ent did durin E ag ht an the res cers ace offi a ian say E n’t rb cu me sp s mi g uc yth al N Confederarn Whi govern by Blac ators. Th ngress Sevrre ad okesm ce. front rs the chents sdem police ks ing. troom men k eanor are of eit only. In d has a po spokeswdress exact an wo He sai ase mindsathan Be te Armtes. ts in people, ese polit and her of the of pr recom uldn’t oman ly wh licy d Joh df y ica th vid th as that “bad ovidi mend nson inan the l e So at if ord Fo supp at imme eo sai ng fal ing uth, a result diatel into outcome said th men. , no Sta restroom d the stoled to th said PHILAD have ce over Blthey wa rrest, anorters lik se inange rbuc the sh y comm ,’’ an e comp red were he want ELPH ks ite s were forre wheree sary. to stop ack pe nted to d othe e Lieuten op d an ent. ms are op repa rs, Blac arrest “Our sto was inc the reasony’s pract in Ph arrested s to persoIA (AP) k men le in th establis made ant Gen visibl ying for th ices an statemed and re manaorrect. ism iladelph while sit nally _ The e in help Nathan from is coun h cont up in eron soc ia, e cal d traini watch ent. Johthis shou ger ne an incting ins apologiz CEO of l that votin try, th rol an their ial ng the ed form Bedford ,’’ an nson ld ne ver int d do brou led to g by en profi Starbuc media . ident ide one e to two Starbuc ve d en sai ght po a that of ks any they wo mpretefirst Granthe Ku Forrest wh “We als the comp d vid r have ded for He sailing,’’ Chks “stan prom the ch black me Corp mea lice ief exe ds firml d he orde nded to d WizaKlux Klanand sev pted ain’s co n wh . ally,en polic o will any waeos of thescalated these ns ne uld ap ology. me want accus e as s ffe ceso ou we wi e assist furth tered r to strik be the ghrd. The (KKK eral of hi ’’ s to cutive Key against er tra investiga arrest we it did,’’ n to be ation e shop meet s sco r learn ll host ance is vin Joh discri s of re “ve said so th . Membee fear in osts of Klan wo), where s colleag ing warra in our ting. a co with racre ry ha the the menson saiminatio with our lons, discuss mpany-w nted,’’ partners man ey wore rs of th to the he dead Co re whitehe serve ues rd to has relBAKERS respe sai g-stan n to d in a n or rac som to ide and y of the hoods toe Klan di arts of annfedera robes d as ct offer ding e imme meeti d Johns better ial sta Youn eased a FIELD, local m te so on d no a “fa temen ng arr Polic and gbloo Ca 12 ldier and auth embers cover ce-to- t. tw ested. e haven’tdignity.’’ commitm diate ne next we. “Add know t wa yone, d say -year- lif. (A iti A sp face xt ent o peop At nigh ority fig of the their fac nt to bethey enco s in rel he wa Youngb ing it’s old video P) _ A Ca to tre steps ek to sh onbeen were releasokesman eased sn’t ur lood say cheap of Ke liforn ating and un are who le not tot, the Kl ures. 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Ve e bu r th rough e’s lea fe sto de h as tin ulting by the page’’ P) bega . State gontinued idation e history they di- co nn eciq ue s faith e of theirrough life God’s rned an ry that lma is g strategiesiStu No. 1 crept pa _ Dway as had her pu all th and ts d and n passing vernmenwell beyo and Bl books, ne Joh bib dream ’s obsta rpose. 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“Don Rojas has made major contributions to the struggle for freedom in Black communities across the globe. As the first communications director for the NAACP, he not only built the initial model of our communications department but created a vision for the way in which communications can be used as a resource to support social justice movements,” NAACP President and CEO Derrick Johnson told NNPA Newswire.
“Since I was a young man, I always had an interest in writing and reporting and the spoken word,” Rojas, now 69, said from his home in Maryland.
By Stacy M. Brown, NNPA Newswire Correspondent A phone conversation with Don Rojas can easily begin with the subtlest of greetings – a friendly “hello,” and good to hear from you. But any conversation of length undoubtedly leads to a lively discussion about the Transatlantic Slave Trade, reparations, journalism, and of course Rojas’ celebrated activism and the fight for freedom, justice and equality. For Rojas, that fight began at an early age and he waged war against injustice mostly with a pen. “Since I was a young man, I always had an interest in writing and reporting and the spoken word,” Rojas, now 69, said from his home in Maryland. “I went to school in Grenada with (Grenadian revolu-
tionary and leader) Maurice Bishop. He was captain of the senior debate team and I was captain of the junior debate team,” Rojas said, chuckling about one of many historic members that ran through his thoughts. During that time, Rojas became involved in student activism and joined a student newspaper and student-run radio station. Later, he attended the University of Wisconsin where he honed his journalism skills. “That was in the late 1960s and I’ve stayed in the field of journalism and activism, alternating my time and energy over those many years between activism and journalism,” Rojas said, noting that, “for me, there isn’t a clear line of demarcation between the two, especially for those in the
trenches with minority media.” Rojas has always been in the trenches. He said he’s viewed his work as part and parcel of a broader social and economic justice movement. One of his first positions was assistant director of communications for the National Urban League. Following his stint there Rojas became an assistant editor at a Blackowned paper in Baltimore. Among the many legendary interviews Rojas conducted were with leaders from around Africa, including Civil Rights icon Nelson Mandela and singer Bob Marley. Rojas’ resume reads like a true activist and freedom Continued on page A2
Affirming African Heritage & Culture
KWANZAA By: Bakari Sanyu Letter to the Editor What African heritage tradition functions to renew and strengthen the intertwined, cherished, and indivisible values of family, community, and culture in a rich and meaningful way? Kwanzaa, celebrated from December 26th to January 1st, provides a designated time to collectively acknowledge our ancestral origin and present the best of tradition by indulging in the richness and festive
cultural ambiance of ethnic art, dance, poetry, folktales, music, literature, and the beauty of heritage clothing, jewelry, heirlooms, hairstyles, and creative productions. The cultural tradition of Kwanzaa was founded and framed by Dr. Maulana Karenga in Los Angeles, California within the midst and context of the 1960’s African American Freedom Movement. The name Kwanzaa comes from the Swahili phrase, matunda ya kwanza, where matunda means “fruits”, and ya kwanza means “first”. Dr. Karenga added the extra “a” to the Swahili word kwanza, to distinguish the cultural tradition’s name. The language of Swahili was chosen for the name Kwanzaa and the accompanying phrases, because it is a widespread trade language used by multiple African countries. The year-end observance of Kwanzaa occurs because this cultural expression is derived from the African continent’s traditional year-end agricultural harvest celebrations. Since the 1960’s African American families and communities across the USA, have continued to present and circulate Kwanzaa to address a widespread need to rescue, reconstruct, restore, and reinforce rootedness in African heritage and culture. The Kwanzaa season provides a time to share the beauty of culture, its values, insights and instructive practices, so that we can deeply rejuvenate our lives for mutual flourishing and benefit. The fundamental
Continued on page A4
Holiday Cheer
CA Withdraws ‘Text Tax’ SAN FRANCISCO (AP) – California regulators have canceled a plan to charge a fee for text messaging on mobile phones. The California Public Utilities Commission reversed course after a Federal Communications Commission ruling last week classified text messaging as an information service and not a telecommunications service. The federal Telecommunications Act limits state authority over information services. Regulators announced Friday that CPUC commissioner Carla Peterman withdrew the text proposal “in light of the FCC’s action’’ on Dec. 12. State officials said the tax was intended to help support programs that make phone service accessible to the poor. The wireless industry and business groups had been working to defeat the plan and calculated the new charges for wireless consumers could total about $44.5 million a year. They said that under the regulators’ proposal the charge could be applied retroactively for five years _ and could amount to a bill of more than $220 million for California consumers.
Deported’s Last Flight on ‘ICE Air’ HOUSTON (AP) – Shackled at their ankles and wrists and their shoelaces removed, a long line of men and women waited on the tarmac as a team of officers patted them down and checked inside their mouths for anything hidden. Then one by one, they climbed a mobile staircase and onto a charter plane the size of a commercial aircraft. This was a deportation flight run by ICE Air. The chains would be removed and the shoelaces returned when the plane landed in El Salvador. An obscure division of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement operates hundreds of flights each year to remove immigrants. Deportation flights are big business: The U.S. government has spent approximately $1 billion on them in the last decade, and the Trump administration is seeking to raise ICE’s budget for charter flights by 30 percent. ICE Air Operations transports detained immigrants between American cities and, for those with final removal orders, back to their home countries. About 100,000 people a year are deported on such flights. While Mexican immigrants are generally flown to southern U.S. cities and then driven to the border so they can cross over, Central Americans have to be transported by air. And the large numbers of Mexicans who used to cross the border have largely been replaced by migrants from three impoverished Central American countries: El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras. According to flight-tracking data, deportation flights to Guatemala and Honduras have sharply increased this year. And ICE’s budget request for charter flights increased 30 percent last year compared to the year before. The agency estimated last year that it spends about $7,785 per hour on the flights. ICE shifted to chartering private planes about a decade ago after previously using a government service with the U.S. Marshals. The agency says moving to private flights saves about $25 million a year and gave it more flexibility. Charter flights also avoid putting large numbers of deported immigrants on commercial planes, which requires buying tickets for deportation officers accompanying them, or holding them in the U.S. for longer than necessary and tying up space in detention centers. “I don’t want to elongate anybody’s detention with us,’’ said Pat Contreras, director of enforcement and removal for ICE’s Houston field office. CIf a judge says you need to be removed, we should be expeditiously working to execute that order so that person does not spend any longer in detention than necessary.’’ But migrant advocacy groups say ICE Air is an example of how tougher immigration enforcement -from detention to tracking to removal - enriches private companies.