https://oe.cd/greece
Source: OECD Economic Outlook (database).
Source: OECD Intra-annual labour
The resilience of the banking sector has improved but requires close monitoring
Non-performing loans to gross loans
Note: The European Banking Authority defines non-performing loans as including only loans 90 days past due and denounced loans. Note that non-performing exposures also includes “unlikely to pay” and are not shown in the cross-country data presented in these charts.
Source: IMF (2024), Financial Soundness Indicators (FSI) database.
Growth will remain strong
Source: OECD Economic Outlook (database).
Improving public finances
(Maastricht definition)
Shifting spending towards investment would support growth
1. Old age and survivor spending. 2. Economic affairs include public spending on transport, mining, agriculture but exclude fuel and energy expenditures that are heavily affected by policies to face the energy crisis.
Source: OECD calculations based on the OECD National Accounts database, Classification of the Functions of Government (COFOG).
Note: The actionable value added tax (VAT) policy gap is estimated by applying a uniform VAT rate, excluding values that are unlikely to be taxed, public goods and services, and financial services. The EU average refers to the weighted average of EU countries.
Source: European Commission, Poniatowski, G., Bonch-Osmolovskiy, M., Śmietanka, A. and Sojka, A., VAT gap in the EU – 2023
European Union, 2023.
Reducing tax evasion can expand fiscal space
Note: The value added tax (VAT) compliance gap is the overall difference between expected VAT total tax liabilities estimated from VAT legislation and ancillary regulations and actual consumption expenditure, and the amount actually collected. The EU average refers to the weighted average of EU countries.
Source: European Commission, Poniatowski, G., Bonch-Osmolovskiy, M., Śmietanka, A. and Sojka, A., VAT gap in the EU
Union, 2023.
Boosting firm growth and innovation
Source: 2023/2024 OECD PMR database.
Barriers to competition from product market regulation Index from best (0) to worst (6), 2023
Easing restrictions and streamlining regulations in services sectors could raise productivity
Barriers to competition in service sectors
Index from best (0) to worst (6), 2023
Source: 2023/2024 OECD PMR database.
Improving grant and loan support programmes could facilitate more business innovation
Business enterprise expenditures on research and development % of GDP, 2022
Note: Data for 2022, except for Australia, Chile, Costa Rica, New Zealand and Switzerland (2021); Colombia (2020); and Mexico (2017). The EU aggregate refers to the average of EU countries.
Source: OECD (2024), Business enterprise R-D expenditure.
Advancing skills and expanding employment
Enhancing youth employment opportunities will require better training policies
Young people not in education, employment or training % of the 20-24 year-olds, 2022
Note: Share of young people who are not in employment, education or training (NEET), as a percentage of the total number of young people in the corresponding age group.
Source: OECD (2024), Youth not in employment,
or
(NEET) (indicator).
Strengthening vocational training would help to align skills with labour market needs
Vocational orientation
% of 25-34 year-olds who received vocational orientation, 2022
Note: Share of 25-34 year-olds whose highest level of education has a vocational orientation.
Source: OECD (2023), Education at a Glance, Table A1.3.
Redirecting active labour market policies towards training would improve prospects for jobseekers
Spending
active labour market policies
Direct job creation Training Other programmes
Note: Due to missing data for Greece, spending on benefit administration is excluded. Temporary employment maintenance incentives which were dramatically affected by exception measures to address the challenges of COVID-19 are also excluded. Other programmes include placement and related services of public employment services; employment incentives; sheltered and supported employment and rehabilitation; and start-up incentives.
Source: OECD (2024), Labour Market Programmes database.
Strengthening daycare capacity would enhance women’s labour market outcomes
Enrolment rates in early childhood education and care services, 0 to 2-year-olds Percentage, 2022 or latest available year
Note: The EU average refers to the average of 26 EU countries.
Source: OECD (2024), Family database.
Accelerating the green transition
An effective mix of investments, regulations and price signals is needed to reach net-zero emissions
Total emissions (historical data) Projection to net-zero
target
Source: OECD (2024), Air emissions - Greenhouse gas emissions Inventories; Ministry of Environment and Energy (2023), Draft updated National Energy and Climate Plan. Greenhouse gas emissions Million tons of CO2 equivalent
Note: Greenhouse gas emissions include land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF). The projection is a linear interpolation to meet intermediate emissions targets for 2030 and 2040, and net zero in 2050.
Note: The EU aggregate refers to the average of EU countries.
Source: IEA, "World energy balances", IEA World Energy Statistics and Balances (database).
A warming climate and high wildfire risks require better infrastructure planning to reduce future damage
Note: Percentage of tree-covered area exposed to very high or extreme fire danger for more than three consecutive days, annual average over period 2018-2022. The EU aggregate refers to the average of EU countries.
Source: OECD Exposure to wildfire dataset.
Disclaimers:
The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.