Measuring Inclusive Green Growth at the Country Level
Inclusion (FINDEX)29 database or housing quality from the Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER).30 Efforts are also growing to measure the government capacity to respond and adapt to climate and disaster risks. Often these data do not differentiate between policies on the book (de jure policies) and those that are actually enforced and effectively implemented (de facto policies). For instance, the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 (HFA) includes a comprehensive monitoring system, through which countries self-report the progress they make to reduce disaster risk reduction. The Inter-American Development Bank has developed several indicators to measure a government’s capacity to manage disaster risks, such as the Disaster Deficit Index and the Risk Management Index Government. Actual enforcement of disaster risk reduction policies is also being increasingly measured. Currently, the monitoring system for the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, the successor arrangement of HFA, is being discussed, which is supposed to revise the 22 existing HFA core indicators and link input indicators to outputs and outcomes. Seven global targets for disaster risk reduction were agreed upon to guide indicator development (WCDRR, 2015). Additionally, the Inter-American Development Bank has developed the index of Governance and Public Policy for DRM (iGOPP) based on 246 questions to assess the enforcement of actual polices, which has been applied for six Latin American countries (IDB, 2014). As part of the World Bank’s World Development Report 2014, an indicator of risk preparedness was developed, which comprises measures of assets and services across four categories: human capital, physical and financial assets, social support, and state support (World Bank, 2013). Global composite indices have been constructed to measure the various dimensions of resilience and adaptive capacity at the country-level, such as the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index (NDGAIN) and the EU JCR Index for Risk Management (INFORM) (see table 7). The ND-GAIN measures a variety of aspects related to a country’s vulnerability to and readiness for climate risks.31 INFORM measures aspects related to exposure and vulnerability to hazards and coping capacity.32 Yet both these indices are constrained by global data availability, and many important aspects of resilience, such as social protection and ability to reconstruct are not reflected. The World Bank is developing a new indicator to estimate the welfare losses of potential disasters based on a simple economic model.
3.2.4 Economic opportunities and efforts Meaningful, ready-to-use indicators of economic opportunities and efforts are rare (see table A3). Data related to investments and trade often exist, but are difficult to access or use. Most of the information on investments is in the private domain and not publically available at a disaggregated level. Trade databases exist, but trade classifications are currently not sufficiently granular to allow the identification of data points related to trade in environmental goods and services, usually because these are problematic to identify. As part of developing the GEP index, UNEP is creating a database of exports of environmental goods using existing datasets. Measurement of environmental-economic data (investments, patents, R&D, jobs, exports) is usually associated with the performance of the Environmental Goods and Services Sectors (EGSS), as
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http://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/globalfindex http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/ 31 http://gain.org/ 32 http://www.inform-index.org/ 30
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