OECD Bibliometric indicators. 2025 edition highlights

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Web: http://oe.cd/scientometrics Contact: STI.Scientometrics@oecd.org

About the OECD Bibliometric indicators – May 2025

• OECD bibliometric indicators are calculated on Elsevier’s Scopus Custom Data

– This version is based on data provided by Elsevier in December 2024

– This version provides a comprehensive view of indicators up to and including 2023

– Indicators for 2024 have not been compiled because of incomplete data for that year, whose use would lead to highly biased results

• The presentation relies on screenshots from the STI.Scoreboard platform where up-to-date indicators can be retrieved and visualised: http://oe.cd/sti-scoreboard

– URL links to charts and data are included under the figures

• Bibliometric indicators on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will be published later this year.

Contents of May 2025 edition

• Trends in scientific publication output and citation impact profiles

– Absolute publication numbers

– Average citation rates

– Documents among global 10% most-cited in their category (domestic share and contribution to global 10% most-cited)

• International collaboration (implied by multiple affiliations)

• Trends in international mobility (implied by author affiliation changes over time)

• Perspectives on science in selected domains and topics

• Where to find the data and other indicators

Four largest publishing territories in absolute terms, fractional counts

Source: https://stip.oecd.org/stats/SB-StatTrends.html?i=FPUBS_NBFRAC&v=3&t=2013,2023&s=CHN,EU27_2020,IND,USA

Source: https://stip.oecd.org/stats/SB-StatTrends.html?i=FPUBS_X_WLD&v=6&t=2013,2023&r=4

in citation rates for selected economies, 2013 – 2023

Field-normalised citation scores: actual citations versus world’s norm ratio (%)

World’s norm := 100

Source: https://stip.oecd.org/stats/SB-StatTrends.html?i=NORMCIT_X&v=3&t=2013,2023&s=CHN,EU27_2020,USA

Trends in high-citation intensity

Domestic documents in global 10% top-cited as % of all domestic documents

Source: https://stip.oecd.org/stats/SB-StatTrends.html?i=TOP10_X&v=3&t=2013,2023&s=CHN,EU27_2020,USA

Trends

in the

world’s

distribution of 10% top-cited publications

Top-cited publications in largest contributing territories as % of world’s top 10%-cited

Source: https://stip.oecd.org/stats/SB-StatTrends.html?i=TOP10_X_WLD&v=3&t=2013,2023&s=CHN,EU27_2020,DEU,IND,GBR,USA&r=4

INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION IMPLIED BY CO-AUTHORSHIP

International scientific collaboration, OECD countries, 2013 and 2023

Documents with multiple country affiliations as percentage of total domestic publications

Note: Counts are fractional (documents in international collaborations count less than 1 for a country)

Source: https://stip.oecd.org/stats/SB-StatTrends.html?i=INTL_X&v=6&t=2013,2023&r=3

International scientific collaboration, 2013 – 2023

Documents with multiple country affiliations as percentage of total domestic publications

Note: Counts are fractional (documents in international collaborations count less than 1 for a country)

Source: https://stip.oecd.org/stats/SB-StatTrends.html?i=INTL_X&v=3&t=2013,2023&s=CHN,EU27_2020,DEU,IND,GBR,USA&r=4

INTERNATIONAL MOBILITY IMPLIED BY AFFILIATION CHANGES

International scientist mobility: net flows into territory implied from reported affiliation changes: 2016 - 2023

Source: https://stip.oecd.org/stats/SB-StatTrends.html?i=ANNUAL_FLOWS_NB&v=6&t=2016,2023&r=4

Source: https://stip.oecd.org/stats/SB-StatTrends.html?i=ANNUAL_FLOWS_NB&v=3&t=2013,2023&s=CHN,EU27_2020,USA

PERSPECTIVES ON SCIENCE IN SELECTED DOMAINS AND TOPICS

Number of publications, 2013 and 2023

Note: For more information on the search strategy see : https://doi.org/10.1787/5f65ff7e-en.

Source: https://stip.oecd.org/stats/SB-StatTrends.html?i=AIPUBS_NBFRAC&v=6&t=2013,2023&r=4

Trends in Artificial Intelligence scientific publishing

Number of top 10% cited documents, 2013 - 2023

Source: https://stip.oecd.org/stats/SB-

StatTrends.html?i=TOP10_AI_NBFRAC&v=3&t=2013,2023&s=CHN,EU27_2020,DEU,IND,GBR,USA&r=4

Research published in Energy journals, number of publications, 2013 and 2023

Source: https://stip.oecd.org/stats/SB-StatTrends.html?i=FPUBS_21_NBFRAC&v=6&t=2013,2023&r=4

Research published in Energy journals, high-citation intensity, 2013 and 2023

Source: https://stip.oecd.org/stats/SB-StatTrends.html?i=TOP10_21_X&v=6&t=2013,2023&r=4

Research in Environmental Science journals, number of publications, 2013 and 2023

Source: https://stip.oecd.org/stats/SB-StatTrends.html?i=FPUBS_23_NBFRAC&v=6&t=2013,2023&r=4

Research in Environmental Science journals, high citation intensity, 2013 and 2023

Source: https://stip.oecd.org/stats/SB-StatTrends.html?i=TOP10_23_X&v=6&t=2013,2023&r=4

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Where to find these data and much more …

• A selection of bibliometric indicators is available in the STI.Scoreboard platform: http://oe.cd/sti-scoreboard

• The STI.Scoreboard platform can be used to retrieve, visualise and compare statistical indicators of science, technology and innovation systems across OECD countries and several other economies. Use the platform to generate your own charts, download data and charts or save and share them.

• In addition, there are three data sets of bibliometric indicators available at: https://data-explorer.oecd.org/

– Under Innovation and technology -> Bibliometric indicators ->

• Bibliometric indicators of implied bilateral mobility flows

• Bibliometric indicators of international collaboration

• Bibliometric indicators, by field and country

Type bibliometrics in the box and the search engine will take you to the three bibliometric cubes

• This data and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.

• The statistical data for Israel are supplied by Elsevier. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.

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