ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ
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ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺣﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻴﱠﺒﻴﻦ: ﻳﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮﺓ :ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ" :ﻭﻟﻲَ ﻗﺼﻲﱡ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻭﺃﻣْﺮ ﻣﻜﺔ ،ﻭﺟﻤَﻊ ﻗﻮﻣَﻪ ﻣِﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺯﻟِﻬﻢ ،ﻭﺗﻤﻠﱠﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﻜﺔ ،ﻓﻤﻠﱠﻜﻮﻩ ،ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻓﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺪﻭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺀ ،ﻓﺤﺎﺯ ﺷﺮﻑ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻛﻠﱠﻪ ،ﻭﺳﻤﱠﺘْﻪ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ُﻣﺠَﻤﱢﻌًﺎ؛ ﻟِﻤَﺎ ﺟﻤَﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮِﻫﺎ ،ﻭﻟﻤﱠﺎ ﻛﺒﺮ ﻗﺼﻲﱞ ﻭﺭﻕﱠ ﻋﻈﻤُﻪ ،ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﺑِﻜﺮَﻩ ،ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺪﻣﻨﺎﻑ ﻗﺪ ﺷﺮُﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﺫﻫﺐ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ،ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺼﻲﱞ ﻟﻌﺒﺪﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ :ﺃﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻨﻲ ،ﻷﻟﺤﻘﻨﱠﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻗﺪ ﺷﺮﻓﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ،ﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺗَﻔﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﻟﻪ ،ﻭﻻ ﻳَﻌﻘﺪ ﻟﻘﺮﻳﺶ ﻟﻮﺍﺀً ﻟﺤﺮﺑِﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﺪﻙ ،ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﺮﺏ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺑﻤﻜﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻘﺎﻳﺘﻚ ،ﻭﻻ ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺳﻢ ﻃﻌﺎ ًﻣﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻌﺎﻣﻚ ،ﻭﻻ ﺗﻘﻄﻊ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﺃﻣﺮًﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻙ ،ﻭﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻭﺓ ﺛﻢ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻓﺎﺩﺓ ،ﺛﻢ ﺇﻥ ﺑﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺪﻣﻨﺎﻑ ﺃﺟﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻭﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺄﻳﺪﻱ ﺑﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺼﻲ ﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻟﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ،ﻭﺭﺃﻭﺍ ﺃﻧﻬﻢ ﺃﻭﻟﻰ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﻬﻤ؛ ﻟﺸﺮﻓِﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﻓﻀﻠﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻮﻣﻬﻢ ،ﻓﺄﺑﻰ ﺑﻨﻮ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ،ﻭﻋﻘَﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺣﻠﻔًﺎ ﻣؤﻛﱠﺪًﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻻ ﻳﺘﺨﺎﺫَﻟﻮﺍ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﻀًﺎ، ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺑﻨﻮ ﻋﺒﺪﻣﻨﺎﻑ ﺟﻔﻨﺔً ﻣﻤﻠﻮءﺓ ﻃِﻴﺒًﺎ ،ﻓﻮﺿﻌﻮﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﻷﺣﻼﻓﻬﻤ؛ ﺑﻨﻲ ﺃﺳﺪ ،ﻭﺑﻨﻲ ﺯﻫﺮﺓ ،ﻭﺑﻨﻲ ﺗﻴﻢ ،ﻭﺑﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺭﺙ، ﺛﻢ ﻏﻤﺲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﻗَﺪﻭﺍ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﻫﺪﻭﺍ ﻫﻢ ﻭﺣﻠﻔﺎؤﻫﻢ ،ﺛﻢ ﻣﺴَﺤﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﺑﺄﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﺗﻮﻛﻴﺪًﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻤ؛ ﻓﺴُﻤﱡﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻴﱠﺒﻴﻦ. ﻣﺼﻌﺐ ﻭﻛﻌﺐ )ﻣﻮﻗﻔﺎﻥ(: ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻮﻗﻔﻴﻦ ﻟﺮﺟﻠﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻌﻄﺮ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ،ﻓﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻫﺠﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﺩﻻﻟﻪ ﻭﻋﻄﺮﻩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ "ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ،ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ" ،ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺳﺒﺒًﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻬﻠﻜﻪ ،ﻭﺣﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻘﺘﻠﻪ. 1ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺼﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﻴﺮ ﻓﺘﻰ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻟﱠﻞ ،ﻭﺃﻋﻄَﺮ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ،ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺔ ،ﻭﺷﺐ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺧﻤﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻟ؛ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪﻭﺳﻠﻢ)) :ﻟﻘﺪ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻣﺼﻌﺒًﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻤﻜﺔ ﻓﺘﻰ ﺃﻧﻌﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﺑﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ ،ﺛﻢ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺣ ًﺒّﺎ ﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ(( ،ﻳﺎ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﷲ! ﻳﺘﺤﻮﱠﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻰ - ﺣﺪﻳﺚُ ﺣِﺴﺎﻥِ ﻣﻜﺔ ،ﻭﻟؤﻟؤﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺪﻭﺍﺕ -ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﺎﻃﻴﺮ ﺍﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺪﺍﺀ ،ﻓﻴﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻻﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺔ ،ﻟﻴﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺳﻔﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻮﱠﺭﺓ ﻳﻌﻠﱢﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﱢﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻴﻢ ،ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ ،ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳُﺴﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺒﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻭﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺔ ،ﺭﺣﻤَﻚَ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺮ ،ﻳﺎ ﺗﻠﻤﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺩ ،ﻭﺻﺪﻕ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﺇﺫ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ﴿ :ﻣِﻦَ ﺍﻟْﻤُؤْﻣِﻨِﻴﻦَ ﺭِﺟَﺎﻝٌ ﺻَﺪَﻗُﻮﺍ ﻣَﺎ ﻋَﺎﻫَﺪُﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪَ ﻋَﻠَﻴْﻪِ ﻓَﻤِﻨْﻬُﻢْ ﻣَﻦْ ﻗَﻀَﻰ ﻧَﺤْﺒَﻪُ ﻭَﻣِﻨْﻬُﻢْ َﻣﻦْ َﻳﻨْ َﺘﻈِﺮُ َﻭﻣَﺎ َﺑﺪﱠﻟُﻮﺍ ﺗَﺒْﺪِﻳًﻼ﴾ ]ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ.[23 : 2ﻭﺫﺍﻙ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻑ ﻃﺎﻏﻮﺕ ﻳﻬﻮﺩ ﺑﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻀﻴﺮ ،ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻄﺮﻩ ﻣﻬﻠﻜًﺎ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺁﺫﻯ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ،ﻭﺃﻧﺸﺪَ ﺍﻟﺸﱢﻌﺮﺑﻜﺎﺀً ﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﺐ ﻣِﻦ ﻗﺘﻠﻰ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪﺭ ،ﻭﺷﺒﱠﺐ ﺑﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻦ ،ﻓﺎﺣﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣَﺴْﻠَﻤَﺔَ ﻟﻘﺘﻠﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻷﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ :ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻛﻌﺐ ﻓﺈﻧﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﺸَﻌﺮﻩ ﻓﺄﺷﻤﱡﻪ ﺛﻢ ﺃﺷﻤﱡﻜﻢ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻤﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﻜﻨﺖُ ﻣِﻦ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻓﺪﻭﻧَﻜﻢ ﻓﺎﺿﺮِﺑُﻮﻩ ،ﻭﻳَﻨﺰﻝ ﻛﻌﺐ ﻣﺘﻮﺷﺤًﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻨﻔﺢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺭﺍﺋﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ،ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ :ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺭﻳﺤًﺎ ﺃﻃﻴﺐ ،ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﻌﺐ :ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﺃﻋﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ،ﻓﻘﺎﻝ :ﺃﺗﺄﺫﻥ ﻟﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺷﻢﱠ ﺭﺃﺳﻚ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ :ﻧﻌﻢ ،ﻓﺸﻤﻪ ﺛﻢ ﺃﺷﻢﱠ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ،ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ :ﺩﻭﻧﻜﻢ ،ﻓﻘﺘَﻠﻮﻩ ،ﺛﻢ ﺃﺗﻮﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﺨﺒﺮ ﻣﻘﺘﻞ ﻛﻌﺐ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺒﺮ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﻴﻦ. ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻞ: ﻧﻘﻄﻒ ﺑﻌﻀًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺯﺍﻫﻴﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﺎﺣﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﻣﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﺎﻝ: "ﻻ ﻋﻄﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺮﻭﺱ": ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺬﺭﺓ ،ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻬﺎ :ﺃﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ،ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺯﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻬﺎ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ" :ﻋﺮﻭﺱ" ،ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ،
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