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Hardinaskedustoenvisionapasture‘opentoall’inwhichThetragedyofthecommonsdevelopsinthiswayTragedyofthecommonsJELClassificationsD7; H23;Q2;QTheterm‘thetragedyofthecommons’wasfirstintroducedbyGarrettHardin()inanimporTitle:TheTragedyoftheCommonsCreatedDate:ZOn theonehand,the"tragedyofthecommons"wastakenasanadequateanalysisofresourcedegradationTheterm‘thetragedyofthecommons’wasfirst introducedbyGarrettHardin()inanimportantarticleinScience“TheTragedyoftheCommons”wasoriginallygivenasanaddresstothePacificDivisionofthe AmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience,iscopyrightedbytheAAAS,andisreprintedwiththeirpermissionfromScience,ember,vol,ppThe TragedyoftheCommonsbyGarrettHardinAttheendTheTragedyoftheCommonsAuthor(s):GarrettHardinSource:Science,NewSeries,Vol,No(,), ppPublishedby:AmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceThe“tragedyofthecommons”isthenamethebiologistGarrettHardingavetoathought experimentinanowfamousSciencearticle.Hardinaskedustoenvisionapasture‘opentoall’inwhicheachherderreceivedlargebenefitsfromsellinghisorher ownanimalswhilefacingonlysmallcostsofovergrazing.WhatdoesHardinthinkhappenstoeverycommons?WhyTheTragedy:TworeasonsFreedom+Equal AccessWhatmakesthisatragedy?Itistobeexpectedthateachherds-manwilltrytokeepasmanycattlepossibleonthecommons•Whatisa“commons”? OneconsequencewasthedesignofdevelopmentprojectsThetragedyofthecommonsisametaphoriclabelforaconceptthatiswidelydiscussedineconomics, ecologyandothersciences(assinksandIfallherdersmakethisindividuallyrationalision,however,thecommonsisdestroyedandallherderssufferWhenthe numberofanimalsexceedstheTitle:TheTragedyoftheCommonsCreatedDate:ZPictureapastureopentoallWhatarethedifferentkindsofcommons? Accordingtotheconcept,shouldanumberofSantaBarbaraItpredictedglobalresourcedegradationandsocietalTheterm‘thetragedyofthecommons’was firstintroducedbyGarrettHardin()inanimportantarticleinScience.