MMU16 - Elisabetta Carattin, Arup, stadium evacuation

Customer Case Study: Stadia Evacuation

Dr. Elisabetta Carattin, Arup Fire

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Customer Case Study: Stadia Evacuation

“Major crowd incidents occur in soccer stadia with deadly regularity” Fruin, 1993

Hillsborough, UK, 1989. Waterfall effect = 96 Ibrox Stadium, UK, 1971. Counter flow = 66 Athens, 1981. Exits blocked = 24 Lenin Stadium, 1982. Dense crowd on stairs = 340 Accra, 2001. Crush from police teargas = 127 […]

Love Parade, 2010. Crowd crush on tunnel = 21 Mecca, 2015. Violent tensions = 2,236

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Customer Case Study: Stadia Evacuation

Solution: Good Design “It’s not a stampede, it’s a design and management problem.”

Prof Keith Still Design Cases: • Ingress • Egress • Emergency • Circulation • Quality of experience “Code compliance does not guarantee that a building will function well during normal assembly use or emergency egress.”

Fruin, 1993 4

Customer Case Study: Stadia Evacuation

Green Guide (2008)

The Cause and Preventions of Crowd Disasters

FIST: • crowd Force • the Information on which the crowd acts • The physical Space that the crowd inhabits • Time effects

Fruin, 1993

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Customer Case Study: Stadia Evacuation

Dynamic Crowd Modelling - MassMotion “Circulation cannot be planned or managed simply by ensuring that individual sections of a ground, such as stairways, concourses or gangways, are satisfactory in themselves. The inter-relation of these and other components is crucial.� Green Guide 6.2

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Customer Case Study: Stadia Evacuation

Case Studies

European Stadium

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Customer Case Study: Stadia Evacuation

European Stadium

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Customer Case Study: Stadia Evacuation

European Stadium

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Customer Case Study: Stadia Evacuation

European Stadium

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Customer Case Study: Stadia Evacuation

European Stadium 2

• Land surrounding existing stadium to be developed.

• Currently ample space provided around the stadium for escape.

• Proposed master plan meant reducing the available space surrounding the stadium for escape.

• Masterplan involves two construction stages

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Customer Case Study: Stadia Evacuation

European Stadium: Our Approach

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Proposed master plan with constrained space

Modelling approach simulated 80,000 persons for a concert mode

MassMotion model visual

Crowd density maps for different phases

Customer Case Study: Stadia Evacuation

European Stadium 3

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Customer Case Study: Stadia Evacuation

The Colosseum and the Beijing National Stadium

http://www.oasys-software.com/massmotion_colosseum.htm 15

Customer Case Study: Stadia Evacuation

Middle East Stadium

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Customer Case Study: Stadia Evacuation

Middle East Stadium

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Customer Case Study: Stadia Evacuation

Site masterplan Sports and Cultural District

Arup undertook masterplanning of a Sports and Cultural Complex competition, the site covers 150ha, including Stadium (50,000 seating capacity), Gymnasium (8,000 seating capacity) and Aquatic Centre (2,000 seating capacity), and peripheral residential, retail, office, hotel and school development.

Developed a crowd simulation model to assist the design of the sports and cultural complex site using MassMotion 3dimension simulation model, assess the capacity of the entrances and spectator accessibility, public transport hub, coach station, Metro station, taxi stand and underground car park.

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Customer Case Study: Stadia Evacuation

Summary

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MassMotion is a powerful tool to test the design; Goes beyond hand calculation corroboration; Allows visual / easy interpretation of results; Means to compare and update an existing model with new architectural features; Interoperable with Revit, Rhino, etc; Quick simulation runtimes; Improved collaboration between teams during design reviews; A single MassMotion model could be used for both PED and Evacuation modelling

Customer Case Study: Stadia Evacuation

Thank you

contact: Elisabetta.Carattin@arup.com