Colorado Endangered & Threatened Species Protection Guide Environmental, Health and Safety
Whiting Petroleum Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiary
Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation
Spilled Oil Impacts Birds, Small Mammals, and Other Wildlife
Cleanup of all spilled oil is essential to prevent impact on wildlife. Prevent drips and spills. All species information and photos provided by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) websites and the following websites: • wildlife.state.co.us/Pages/Home.aspx • www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/info/regulations/Instruction_Memos_and_Bulletins/ national_instruction/2013/IM_2013-033.html • gallery.nanfa.org/main.php • ndis.nrel.colostate.edu/wildlifespx.asp?SpCode=010616 • nas.er.usgs.gov/default.aspx For more information regarding Colorado’s vegetation please visit: • www.blm.gov/co/st/en/fo/ufo/wildlife_and_vegetation.htmlwildlife_html For more information about recommended management practices for reducing oil and gas impacts to wildlife please visit: • www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/contaminants/oilpits.htm
Disclaimer Threatened, Endangered, and Candidate species list may change. For more information please contact Kyla Livingston at kyla.livingston@whiting.com Last Update: August 2015 2
Colorado: Guide to Endangered and Threatened Species Protection
How to Avoid Sensitive Species Conflicts Minimize disturbance by: • Keeping your vehicle on existing roads and project areas • Only disturb vegetation or soil if necessary, after a pre-activity survey has been conducted, and ensure that habitat degradation will not occur • Integrate habitat enhancement during the reclamation process • Do not attract wildlife • Do not leave food wrappers or scraps on ground • Do not ever feed wildlife • Keep open pits fenced or provide escape ramps • Avoid injuring plants or animals by: • Checking for wildlife under vehicles • Obeying speed limits • Do not hunt, kill, harm, or harass any wildlife at a work site • Do not take, transport, possess, or sell any endangered, threatened, or candidate species of wildlife • Do not damage or destroy an endangered plant • Avoid damaging or removing vegetation • Report dead or injured eagles to the local Fish & Wildlife office • For more information visit: www.fws.gov/midwest/MidwestBird/eaglepermits/index.html • Avoid wetland margins (the edge of wetland vegetation) by 110 yards. Doing so will likely alleviate many impacts associated with habitat disturbance, destruction, and degradation • During road construction, culverts should be used to prevent damming or funneling of water that normally would reach a wetland basin • During spring and summer, young animal encounters in urban areas, mountains and the plains are common. In all cases: Leave them alone! They may seem to be abandoned but usually they’re not and they are better off left alone • If you find a dead doe by the side of the road with a nearby fawn, remember it is illegal to take it into your home. Call a licensed rehabilitator if you feel the need. For a list of licensed wildlife rehabilitators, visit www.agfc.com/species/ Pages/SpeciesWildlifeRehabilitation.aspx • Hunters and fisherman please remember to pick up your waste monofilament lines, empty shotgun shells, and brass
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Boreal Toad Bufo boreas boreas Federal Status: Not Listed State Status: Endangered
Photo Credit: USFWS
This toad has warty skin, oval parotoid glands, and often a distinctive mind-dorsal strip. This species has no vocal sac and therefore, no mating call.
Habitat: The Boreal Toad inhabits a variety of wet habitats, including marshes, wet meadows, stream, beaver ponds, glacial kettle ponds, and lakes interspersed in forest. The ideal habitat for a Boreal Toad is between 8,000 and 11,500 feet.
Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia Federal Status: Not Listed State Status: Threatened The Burrowing Owl is a small grounddwelling diurnal owl with bright yellow eyes, long legs, and characteristic bobbing behavior when disturbed. Burrowing Owls range in length from 7-10 inches and have brown and buffy-white spotted feathers with a buffy-white eyebrows.
Habitat: Burrowing Owls prefer habitats Photo Credit: USFWS within deserts, grasslands, and shrubsteppe. They utilize well-drained, level to gently sloping areas characterized by sparse vegetation and bare ground such as moderately or heavily grazed pasture. They prefer short grass for nesting but will forage over areas of tall vegetation.
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Colorado: Guide to Endangered and Threatened Species Protection
Greater Sage-Grouse Centrocercus urophasianus Federal Status: Proposed Threatened State Status: Special Concern This Grouse is a large, chicken-like bird found in open sagebrush plains. They are grayish in color, with a black belly and long tail with spiky feathers and yellow air sacs. Females are duller in color and blend in with the surrounding habitat. Males gather in leks to court females, typically in late February to April. Only a few dominant males breed and their mating behaviors are uniquely complex.
Photo Credit: USFWS
Habitat: Sage-Grouse are found only in areas where sagebrush is abundant at altitudes of 6,000-8,500 feet. For more information visit: www.cpw.state.co.us/ learn/Pages/GreaterSagegrouseConservationPlan.aspx
Bonytail Gilia elegans Federal Status: Endangered State Status: Endangered
Photo Credit: USFWS
The Bonytail is dark on top and light below. It can reach 24 inches in length, has a green-gray back with lighter sides, and a white belly. It is now the rarest of the endemic big-river fishes of the Colorado River.
Habitat: This fish typically lives in large, fast-flowing, waterways of the Colorado River system. They prefer backwaters with rocky or muddy bottoms and flowing pools.
Did you know? “Threatened” A species that is likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future. “Endangered” A species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
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Black-Footed Ferret Mustela nigripes Federal Status: Endangered State Status: Endangered The Black-Footed Ferret is of the weasel family. It is 18 – 22 inches long Photo Credit: USFWS with a 4-6 inch tail. In color, they are yellowish brown above, with a blackish wash on the back, black feet, face mask, and a black-tipped tail.
Habitat: Their habitat includes the eastern plains, mountain parks, the western valleys, grasslands and shrub lands that support some species of prairie dog, the ferret’s primary prey.
Whooping Crane Grus americana Federal Status: Endangered | State Status: Endangered The body and wing feathers are white except for the tips of the wings which are black. It has a large distinctive red patch of skin on the head and bill. They also have bright yellow eyes and thin black legs. It has a wing span of about 7 feet and can be up to 5 feet tall.
Habitat: They primarily reside in wetlands, marshes, mudflats, wet prairies, and fields. They are omnivores and primarily feed on crustaceans, small fish, insects, amphibians, and reptiles.
Photo Credit: USFWS
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Colorado: Guide to Endangered and Threatened Species Protection
Suckermouth Minnow Phenacobius mirabilis Federal Status: Not Listed State Status: Endangered A slender minnow, the Suckermouth often has a darkerhorizontal stripe running from the head to the end of the caudal peduncle. A conspicuous dark spot is located at the end of this lateral stripe. The fish is darker above this strip and white below. Adults range in size from 2 - 5 inches in length.
Habitat: The Suckermouth Minnow is usually found in riffle areas of warm prairie streams of all sizes with low to moderate currents and year-round flows. The fish lives on the riffle bottoms in both mid-channel and side-channel areas.
Wolverine Gulo gulo Federal Status: Not listed State Status: Endangered Adult males weigh 26 - 40 pounds and adult females weigh 17 - 26 pounds. It resembles a small bear with a bushy tail. It has a round, broad head; short, rounded ears, and small eyes. There are 5 toes on each foot, with curved and semi retractile claws used for digging and climbing.
Habitat: Wolverines do not appear to specialize on specific vegetation or geological habitat aspects but instead select areas that are cold and receive enough winter precipitation to reliably maintain deep persistent snow late into the warm season. Deep, persistent, and reliable spring snow cover (April 15 - May 14) is the best overall predictor of wolverine occurrence.
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Gunnison Sage-Grouse Centrocercus minimus Federal Status: Proposed Endangered State Status: Special Concern These birds are about one-third smaller than the Greater Sage-Grouse, and males have more distinct, white barring on their tail Photo Credit: USFWS feathers, longer and more dense filoplumes on their necks. Female Gunnison and Greater Sage-Grouse have nearly the same plumage, but the female Gunnison is again, about one-third smaller than the Greater Sage-Grouse. Male Gunnison Sage-Grouse conduct an elaborate display when trying to attract females on breeding grounds, or leks in the spring.
Habitat: Gunnison Sage-Grouse require a variety of habitats such as large expanses of sagebrush with a diversity of grasses and forbs and healthy wetland and riparian ecosystems. It requires sagebrush for cover and fall and winter food. For more information visit: www.cpw.state.co.us/learn/Pages/ GunnisonSagegrouseConservationPlan.aspx.
Colorado Pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius Federal Status: Endangered State Status: Threatened These fish have been known to reach 6 feet in length and 80 pounds in weight. Adult fish may be green-gray to bronze on their backs Photo Credit: USFWS and silver to white along their sides and bottoms. Recovery efforts are focused on operating dams to create a natural flow pattern and restricting stocking of nonnative fish to reduce ecological interactions.
Habitat: They are currently found in the Green, Yampa, White, Colorado, Gunnison, San Juan, and Dolores rivers. They thrive in swift flowing muddy rivers with quiet, warm, backwaters.
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Colorado: Guide to Endangered and Threatened Species Protection
Gray Wolf Canis lupus Federal Status: Endangered State Status: Endangered The Gray Wolf, being a keystone predator, is an integral component of the ecosystems to which it typically belongs. The wide range of habitats in which wolves can thrive reflects their adaptability as a species.
Photo Credit: USFWS
Habitat: Wolves can thrive in a diversity of habitats from the tundra to woodlands, forests, grasslands, and deserts. Historically, the range of the gray wolf covered over two-thirds of the United States.
Least Tern Sterna antillarum Federal Status: Endangered State Status: Endangered The Least Tern is the smallest of the North American terns. With a length of approximately 9 inches and a wingspan of about 20 inches the Tern has a light buoyant flight, giving it the appearance of being very delicate on the wing. Photo Credit: USFWS
Habitat: The preferred nesting habitat is on sandy or pebbly beaches, well above the water line, around lakes and reservoirs or on sandy soil sandbars in river channels.
Colorado Butterfly Plant Gaura neomexicana ssp. coloradensis Federal Status: Threatened The Colorado Butterfly Plant is a member of Photo Credit: USFWS the evening primrose family and is a short-lived perennial herb with one to several reddish, pubescent stems that are 2–3 feet tall.
Habitat: It is a regional endemic restricted to Laramie and Platte counties in Wyoming, and Larimer, Jefferson, and Weld counties in Colorado.
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Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Empidonax traillii extimus Federal Status: Endangered Photo Credit: USFWS
State Status: Endangered
Adults have brown-olive upperparts and are darker on the wings and tail.
Habitat: They are found most frequently in riparian habitats, especially in areas of dense willow. The flycatcher is difficult to distinguish from other related species, though its territorial song is distinctive.
Common Shiner Luxilus cornutus Federal Status: Not Listed Photo Credit: NANFA
State Status: Threatened
This shiner is silver in color, with a darker olive-like color on its back and a dark strip down its dorsal fin. They typically reach 2 - 4 inches in length.
Habitat: Adults inhabit rocky pools near riffles in clear, cool creeks and small to medium rivers. They sometimes occur in lakes in northern part of range.
Ute Ladies’-Tresses Spiranthes diluvials Federal Status: Threatened The plant is a perennial, terrestrial orchid, with stems 8 - 20 inches tall arising from tuberously thickened roots. Its narrow, 0.39 inch leaves can reach 11 inches Photo Credit: USFWS long. Basal leaves are the longest and become reduced in size up the stem. The flowering stalk can consist of few to many small white or ivory flowers clustered into a spike arrangement at the top of the stem.
Habitat: Found in sub-irrigated alluvial soils along streams and open meadows in floodplains at elevations of 4,500-6,800 feet.
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Grizzly Bear Ursus arctos Federal Status: Threatened State Status: Endangered The Grizzly Bear is the largest of North American terrestrial carnivores. Grizzly Bears Photo Credit: USFWS are unmistakable because of their large size (up to 7 feet long, and weighing 500 pounds or more). Their front claws are over 4 inches long.
Habitat: Color is mostly yellowish to reddish brown. Once they occurred throughout Colorado, and they apparently were fairly common in the western three-fifths of the state at least until the turn of the century.
Southern Redbelly Dace Phoxinus erthrogaster Federal Status: Not Listed State Status: Endangered
Photo Credit: USFWS
The Southern Redbelly Dace is typically about 2 inches in length with black stripes and a silver color in-between. The males have red or yellow stripes near their underbelly during breading seasons.
Habitat: This dace is often commonly found near the sources of springs. There is a small isolated population in Colorado. The southern redbelly dace is an important environmental indicator of river and stream health as they prefer clean, unpolluted waters. They use their vision to find food, so a habitat of clear water is necessary for their survival.
Did you know? The Endangered Species Act (ESA) prohibits a person from “taking” threatened and endangered species. “Take” is defined as: to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill trap, capture, or collect, or to attempt to engage in any such conduct.
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River Otter Lontra canadensis Federal Status: Not Listed State Status: Threatened As one of nature’s most social and playful creatures, the otter is a higher active member of the weasel family. They have big appetites and often eat fish, frogs, and crawfish. Photo Credit: USFWS
Habitat: Otters are often found in ponds, streams, and lakes. They will establish burrows near water’s edge in rivers, streams, or lakes. The burrows have tunnels and often an exit into water.
Razorback Sucker Xyrauchen tecaanus Federal Status: Endangered State Status: Endangered Photo Credit: USFWS
The Razorback Sucker has a sharp-edged bulge on the anterior part of its back between the head and dorsal fin. The fish can reach up to 3 feet and 6 pounds in size.
Habitat: Razorback Suckers inhabit a diversity of areas from mainstream channels to backwaters of medium and large stream or rivers. They prefer to live in mud, or gravel bottoms. Razorbacks feed on algae, insect larvae, plankton, and detritus.
Disclaimer The species that are listed in this brochure are threatened, endangered, or a candidate species in the counties that Whiting operates in. Therefore, these species may or may not be threatened, endangered, or candidate species in other counties in Colorado or other states in the U.S.
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Preble’s Meadow Jumping Mouse Zapus hudsoni-us preblei Federal Status: Threatened State Status: Threatened
Photo Credit: USFWS
They are stunning, yellowish-brown mice with pure white bellies and a prominent buff stripe on the side. The animals are about 10 inches long, of which more than half is the thin, nearly naked tail.
Habitat: The Preble’s Meadow Jumping Mouse occurs in the mountains where the edge of the Great Plains meets the Rockies. Typical habitat is comprised of well-developed plains riparian vegetation with undisturbed grassland communities and a nearby water source. The Preble’s Meadow Jumping Mouse’s diet changes seasonally and consists of insects, seeds, fungus, fruit and more.
Lesser Prairie-Chicken Tympanuchus pallidicinctus Federal Status: Threatened State Status: Threatened
Photo Credit: USFWS
This bird is a medium-sized, grayish-brown grouse. Dark bands on upperparts are complex, including black and cinnamon tones; light bands on upperparts range from buff to white. Upperparts are therefore darker and more richly colored than underparts. The chin and throat are largely unmarked, and the tail is short, rounded and brownish black. Tail short, rounded, and brownish black. Males display a bright yellow eye-comb above the eyes and dull red esophageal “air sacs” on the side of the neck during courtship.
Habitat: The Lesser Prairie-Chicken is listed as “threatened” in Colorado, with the population estimated at fewer than 500 breeding birds. The range of Lesser Prairie-Chickens in Colorado includes southern Baca County on the US Forest Service Comanche National Grasslands, both native rangeland and land enrolled in the conservation reserve program in eastern Prowers, Kiowa, and Cheyenne counties.
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Photo Credit: USFW
Kit Fox Vulpes macrotis Federal Status: Not Listed State Status: Endangered
The Kit Fox is a small mammal of the southwest desert weighing only 3-6 pounds. They closely resemble Swift Foxes, found on the eastern plains of Colorado, but have larger ears and a more angular appearance.
Habitat: They have long black-tipped bushy tails, dark muzzles, and a yellow-gray grizzled coat. They typically reach 3.5-5 pounds, making them about the size of a full-grown jackrabbit.
Greenback Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarki stomias Federal Status: Threatened
Photo Credit: USFWS
State Status: Threatened
Greenback Cutthroat Trout are cold water fish belonging to the trout, salmon and whitefish family. They have dark, round spots on the sides and tail and two colorful blood-red stripes on each side of the throat under the jaw, hence the name “cutthroat�. During the spring spawning season the entire belly may become crimson red.
Habitat: This species inhabits cold water streams and cold water lakes with adequate stream spawning habitat present during spring.
Lake Chub Couesius plumbeus Photo Credit: USFWS
Federal Status: Not Listed State Status: Endangered
This Chub grows to about 4 inches long, its back is olive-brown or dark brown and the sides are silver. The snout is blunt and some breeding males have bright orange at the base of their fins.
Habitat: The Lake Chub is commonly found in lakes but can also be found in rivers or streams. They prefer cool waters.
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Piping Plover Charadrius melodus circumcinctus Federal Status: Threatened State Status: Threatened
Photo Credit: USFWS
At about 7.25 inches in length, this plover is often described as being the color of dry beach sand or a pale gray-brown.
Habitat: Its nesting habitat in Colorado is on sandy lakeshore beaches, sandbars within riverbeds, or even sandy wetland pastures. An important aspect of this habitat is sparse vegetation. The Plover depends on its coloration for camouflage and protection.
Humpback Chub Gila cypha Federal Status: Endangered State Status: Threatened
Photo Credit: USFWS
The Humpback Chub is green to silver and white with an abrupt hump behind the head. They grow to about 18 inches in length.
Habitat: They can be found in deep, canyon-bound portions of the Colorado River system such as Black Rocks, Westwater Canyon, and the Yampa Canyon inside Dinosaur National Monument.
Did you Know? • T here are 15 national forests within the state of Colorado, 42 state parks, 4 national parks, 8 national monuments and 2 national grasslands. • A bundant nesting and migrating birds and other native animals provide a “world-class” watchable wildlife experience. Bald eagles and other raptors, sand hill cranes, shore birds and water birds can be seen seasonally at San Luis Lakes near Alamosa. Colorado is second in the nation for variety of birds. www.coloradodirectory.com/funfacts
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Lynx Lynx canadensis Federal Status: Threatened State Status: Endangered The Lynx is a large, bobtailed cat. It is 3 feet long with a black-tipped tail that is only about one-eighth the total length and only about half the length of its huge, hind foot.
Habitat: The coat is grayish with obscure spots. The magnificent ear tufts may be nearly as long as the actual ears. The Lynx is found in dense subalpine forests, willow-choked corridors along mountain streams and avalanche chutes; the home of its favored prey species, the snowshoe hare.
Success Story
For reasons unknown, the Lynx is believed to have disappeared from Colorado by 1973 and then listed as endangered in 1976. The Colorado Parks and Wildlife began a reintroduction plan in 1999 by releasing 96 lynx from Alaska and Canada into Colorado’s San Juan Mountains. By 2006, Colorado’s lynx population had grown to over 200 and is on track to continue growing as strategies are put in place to monitor their occurrence, distribution, and activity. www.fws.gov/endangered/map/ ESA_success_stories/CO/ CO_story2
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Arkansas Darter Etheostoma cragini Federal Status: Candidate State Status: Threatened The Arkansas Darter is a small, 2.5 Photo Credit: NANFA inch fish native to portions of the Arkansas River basin. Its upper body is brown, and its back has many fine, black specks. Its body has 12 -14 dusky stripes along the sides. Its belly is nearly white, except in breeding males in which it becomes bright orange.
Habitat: The Arkansas darter prefers shallow, clear, cool water, sand or silt bottom streams with spring-fed pools and abundant rooted aquatic vegetation.
Plains Minnow Hybognathus placitus Federal Status: Not Listed Photo Credit: USGS
State Status: Endangered
The plains minnow is similar to the western silvery minnow, they are so similar the two can only be told apart after making a dissection and examining a certain bone in the head. The Plains minnow is partly herbivorous and has a long gut and black-lined body cavity. The maximum length of adults is 5 inches.
Habitat: Plains minnows prefer main channel areas with some current. Not much is known about this species. The minnow eats aquatic plants, probably algae, and likely spawns in the spring. More information regarding the distribution, abundance, and habitat requirements of this species in Colorado is required.
Did you Know? Colorado Parks and Wildlife (CPW) is embarking on a Comprehensive Review of the State Wildlife Action Plan that was approved by the USFWS in 2006. The Review will be complete by September 2015. www.cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/StateWildlifeActionPlan.aspx
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Mexican Spotted Owl Strix occidentalis lucida Federal Status: Threatened State Status: Threatened They have dark eyes and an ashychestnut brown color with white and brown spots on its abdomen, back, and head. Their brown tails are Photo Credit: USFWS marked with thin white bands. They are exclusively nocturnal hunters and eat wood rats, mice, voles, rabbits, gophers, bats, birds, reptiles, and arthropods.
Habitat: They can be found in forested mountains and canyons in southern Utah, Colorado, and mountains of Arizona, New Mexico, west Texas and even into the mountains of northern and central Mexico.
Rio Grande Sucker Catostomus plebius Federal Status: Not Listed State Status: Endangered This is a stout fish with a large head and Photo Credit: USFWS broad snout. Adults are dusky to dark greenish brown dorsally and faded yellow or white on the belly. Breeding males are dark dorsally with a red lateral stripe and white bellies.
Habitat: This species is found in areas near rapidly flowing water. During the day they stick to backwaters or banks that are adjacent to fast moving water as a holding area. These suckers move to swifter water at night. The Rio Grande Sucker feeds on diatoms, detritus, and aquatic invertebrates.
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Plains Sharp-Tailed Grouse Tympanuchus phasianellus jamesii Federal Status: Not Listed State Status: Endangered Adult birds have a shorter tail with two central, square-tipped feathers in the center. Their plumage is mottled dark with light browns over white feathers. Their underparts are lighter with v-shaped markings on their bellies. The males have yellow combs over their eyes, purple neck patches, and yellow to orange colored air sacs. Photo Credit: USFWS
Habitat: Occurs in gambel oak and other shrublands lacking conifers. Croplands and riparian areas are also used, especially in fall and winter. Leks are located in wet meadows, ridges and knolls, or recently burned areas.
North Park Phacelia Phacelia formosula Federal Status: Endangered The purple uncoiling, flowering stems of the North Park Phacelia are members of the waterleaf family (Hydrophyllaceae). Photo Credit: USFWS It is found in North Park of north central Colorado, near the small town of Walden. The bright purple flowers and lobed leaf margins make this species easy to spot in July and August. The plant is a biennial, surviving for one year as a rosette of leaves before flowering and dying the following year.
Habitat: The plant grows and thrives on barren exposures of the Coalmont Formation that are easily eroded, poorly vegetated, steep-sided ravines, low sandy hills and bluffs in elevations of 8,000-8,500 feet.
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What You Can Do As a Whiting employee, contractor, or visitor, you are responsible for protecting wildlife and the environment. Your participation is essential. Each employee, contractor, and visitor should be familiar with the measures that are listed below: • Learn to identify potentially sensitive habitats • Understand what species inhabit your area, the habitat types and where they occur • Keep your vehicle on existing roads and observe the posted speed limit • Remove food and solid wastes from project sites • No firearms are permitted on Whiting property or in company vehicles (Whiting Policy) • Clean up oil and chemical spills • Keep well cellars covered and drained to protect wildlife • Use belt guards, screens, lids, or netting to protect wildlife from moving equipment and tanks • All containers and vent stacks must be closed, netted, or screened • Never purchase products made from threatened or endangered species • Respect the lease owner’s property • Coordinate drilling activities to minimize impacts to wildlife during migration and breeding seasons • Use closed containment systems to collect oil field produced water For more information visit: www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/info/regulations/Instruction_Memos_and_Bulletins/ national_instruction/2013/IM_2013-033.html
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