PRIVACY & ETHICS - Nursing Informatics

This module is a product of a concerted effort of Third Year Nursing Students who were tasked to come up

with this instructional module arises due to provide clear viewpoints and comprehensive literature to the students about Nursing care, Policy, and Ethics on Nursing Informatics

The group brainstormed on different avenues and techniques in presenting the lesson to fill the knowledge craving mind of the Nursing Informatics learners The students will uphold the learnings, give creative ideas, accumulate concepts, and gear the substances this module contains. Through compiled educational materials such as video, text format, documents, different interactive activities and assessment, it would provide adequate comprehension of the importance of the said topics

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any forms by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic methods without the prior written permission of the copyright owner, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in reviews and certain other noncommercial usespermittedbycopyrightlaw.

OBJECTIVES

E-MODULE

A and information systems to support a safer environment for both patient and healthcare workers.

toolsembeddedinpatientcare technologies

Discuss the influence of policy and ethics, in regard to patient engagement clinical decision support and the delivery of safe and high-quality of care.

Protect the confidentiality of protected health information in electronic health records. Participate in the evaluation of information systems in practice settings through policy and procedure development.

DataSecurity,Regulatory, Confidentiality,andRighttoPrivacy

Objectives:

Inthistopic,studentswilllearn:

How data security, confidentiality, regulation and right to privacy helps in maintaining good flow of transaction betweenthepatientandhealthcareteam.

How these ethics and policies ensures safety environment of the patient and mitigate vulnerabilities in information systems and processes. Willlearnthepurposeofsafeguardingthepatient’sinformation

As our country continues to develop and increase the demand for healthcare services and delivery, the medical field is progressing to adapt the information

and communication technology to make all healthcare facilities more advanced andsuitableforpatient careinteraction.

However, in recent years, the importance of protecting the privacy and security of health information has emerged as a top priority for health care practitioners and informatics professionals Its relevance to practice is more critical than ever as new approaches to collecting, using, and sharing health data not only promise innovation but also raise the possibility for exploitation and breach

Informatics Nurses play an important role in health policy development, integrating knowledge in data andinformationcontent,filesystems,andITsolutions,

s well as care coordination and advocacy. This is to olve the underlying issues and challenges faced by he medical field in utilizing information technology in heir daily nursing practices. Here are the basic rights hat the patients must have in receiving their ealthcare.

DATASECURITY

In nursing, nurses are required to handle patient data with care and to pay close attention to security concerns. They will be asked to decide when nursingdatamustbestoredindatabanksandwhohasaccesstoit.

Unauthorized disclosures of personal health information are likely to have occurred for as long as comprehensive recordshavebeenkept.

Advancements in technology that allow for the efficient gathering and sharing of information have heightened the ethical issues and challenges associated with keeping personal healthrecordssecureandprivate

Chances for illegal disclosure of personal health information continues to increase since every part of the healthcare industry was entered informationnetworksanddatabas

Data security is vital in securing personal medical information and adhering to standards such as HIPAA. It targets an effective and efficient method to protect the safety of patient data.

Improved healthcare data security solutions are required to mitigate the risks of malicious data

assaults. Especially now that nurses, physicians, and other healthcare workers rely on technology to access, update, and record patient data, such as in computersandtablets.

REGULATORY

WHY

MOREIMPORTANTCONCERNSFORINFORMATICSNURSES?

Comprises

Healthcare professionals are incorporating information technologyintotheirjob.Thereisasubstantialriskthat they may breach regulations in handling their patients' data.Thoughnursinginformaticsismeanttoreducethe workloads of healthcare providers and make daily practices easier and hassle free, health information technologyhasthepotentialtocreateerrors.

the integration of electronic healthrecords with workflow

analysis and restructuring, human computer interface guidelines, preventative measures for medicine administration errors, and potential missed diagnoses may contribute to ensuring each patient's data quality regulation andsecurity.

Here are some of the laws, policies and recommendations that safeguard the patient's information and ensure seamless on of quality and performance ment to enhance patient care outcomes.

TheHealthInsurancePortabilityand

Its major goals are to promote healthcare industry efficiency and health insurance portability, to guarantee patients' right to privacy and health plan members, to maintain the security of health information, and to notify patients ofbreachesoftheirhealthdata.

It is a substantial and strict privacy law in the Philippines that safeguards the basic human right to privacy and communication while allowing the free flow of information in order to promote innovation and growth. In healthcare, everyone acknowledges that all personal health information is sensitive, and as global technology becomes more prevalent in the medical industry, stricter privacy and security measures for health data must be established to prevent databreachesandpatienttechnicalethicaldilemmas.

In the Philippines’ 1987 Constitution, the Filipino patient’s right to privacy and confidentialityisguaranteedunderArticle3,Section3

Under the Cybercrime law, pertinent sections that protects patient privacy are under Chapter II, SEC. 4. Cybercrime Offenses. The following acts constitute the offense of cybercrime punishable under this Act: (a) Offenses against the confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer data and systems: (1) IllegalAccess,(2)IllegalInterception,(3)DataInterference.

Under the PMA’s Code of Ethics patient privacy and confidentiality is covered byArticle2.DutiesofPhysicianstotheirPatients,inthePMACode: “Section 6. The physician should hold as sacred and highly confidential whatever may be discovered or learned pertinent to the patient even after death, except when required in the promotion of justice, safety and public health”

the categorization of electronic data or information that indicates that it is sensitive for some reason and, as such, must be safeguarded against theft, disclosure, or inappropriate use, or both, and must be distributed only to authorized individuals or groups with a need to know such as their closed family.

TRUSTISONEOFTHEPILLARSOF THEHEALTHCARESYSTEM.

The patient must have trust that the medical professionals caring for themhavetheirbestinterestsatheart.

INSTANCES: When patients see a healthcare worker, they frequently provide information about themselves and their conditions which they might not share with anyone else, they must have something that they can hold onto and feel confident that their healthcare provider won't disclose that information to others.

Patients are more inclined to receive the treatment they require or heed their physician's advice if there is trust between them and the healthcare team. Following a doctor and nurses ' guidance can help patients address their problems early and reduce the loadontheinstitutionasawhole

Patientsandprovidersmustbeabletotrustthetechnology theyusetomakethemostgainsinhealthcare Itisuptoall nursing professionals and particularly nurse informaticists (NI) to establish and maintain this trust so that the benefits of a fully interoperable and learning health system can be realized(Edenet.al.,2008).

D a t a R e g u l a t o r y

RIGHT TO PRIVACY

individuals' right to be left alone and to be safeguarded against physical or psychological invasion or exploitation of their property. It encompasses the righttobefreefromoutsideintrusionor monitoring intoone'sprivateaffairs,the

ability to keep control over certain personal information, and the freedom to act withoutinterruptionfromothers

the categorization of electronic data or information that indicates that it is sensitive for some reason and, as such, must be safeguarded against theft, disclosure, or inappropriate use, or both, and must be distributed only to authorized individuals or groups with a need to know such as their closed family.

Privacy breaches are on the rise, particularly in the midst of the pandemic. Many COVID 19 patients expressed their fear and concern about how their confidential information was disclosed which causes them to experience discrimination from their community https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/indepth/264851-unauthorized-disclosurecovid 19 patients identities continues npc/

TRUSTISONEOFTHEPILLARSOF

THEHEALTHCARESYSTEM.

The patient must have trust that the medical professi themhavetheirbestinterestsatheart.

INSTANCES: When patients see a healthcare worker, the provide information about themselves and their condition might not share with anyone else, they must have someth can hold onto and feel confident that their healthcare pr disclose that information to others.

Since technology has emerged and is still evolving, a great deal of innovation and advanced medical practices may intrude on the privacy of patients. As a result, the privacy must be monitored and ensured at all phases of their treatment The likelihood of patient data or information being misused is more likely to occur Moreover, all medical and healthcare practitioners are required by law to keep patients' medical records and health information secure and private. There must be consent, and the patient must be told of all healthcare teams' plans regarding his or herhealth

Patients are more inclined to receive the treatment they or heed their physician's advice if there is trust betwee and the healthcare team. Following a doctor and nurses ' guidance can help patients address their problems early and reduce loadontheinstitutionasawhole

Howdatasecurity,confidentiality,

SCANTHISQRCODEorCLICKTHELINK/PICTUREBELOW to learn more about the ethics and policies of Nursing Informatics This will direct you to the news article discussing how Data Security, Confidentiality, Regulation,andtheRighttoPrivacyareimportantinthe middleoftheCOVID 19globalhealthcrisis

Patientsandprovidersmustbeablet

ogy theyusetomakethemostgainsinhe oall nursing professionals and particular cists (NI) to establish and maintain this tru efits of a fully interoperable and learning be realized(Edenet.al.,2008).

a t a R e g u l a t o r y

HIPPA-COVEREDENTITIES

Healthcare Provider Healthcare Plan Health Clearinghouse

from

in addition to

In an increasingly digital first world where electronic

are the primary modes of

and

and

the importance of this

COPYRIGHTS

CopyrightsLaw

Objectives: Inthistopic,studentswilllearn:

themeaningofcopywrite thepurposeofcopyrightlaw different terms regarding copyrightlaw

The term used to describe the creator's exclusive right to distribute, sell, publish, copy, lease, or exhibit a work in any way they see fit. In addition to being erroneously interpreted, copyright rules are also frequently challenged byourrapidlydevelopingtechnologicalcapabilities

COPYRIGHT COPYRIGHTSLAW

Took effective on January 1, 1998 under thepresidencyofFidelV.Ramos

The legal defense provided to the owneroftherightstoauniquework

According to the Philippine Intellectual Property (IP) Code, literary and creative works comprise books, scripts, music, movies, paintings, and other creations, including computer programs.

HEALTHCARE SECTOR

Significantly impacted by intellectualpropertylaws.

Trademarks and patents are crucial elements in a subject that heavily relies on research and invention, even though copyright and trade secrets may be less relevant in most situations.

Healthcare system may be responsible for copyright infringement in a lotofinstances.Theseconsistof:

illegally distributing medical journal articles to multiple colleagues without payingaper copylicenseorsubscription using software items many times without authorization when only one license was purchased, none were purchased, or the license had already expired

health and wellness videos being downloaded or used in new ways withoutpermission inappropriateuseofpatienttestimonies usingdigitalphotosandimageswithouttheowner'sconsent

TYPESOFINTELLECTUALPROPERTYLAW

1.Copyright-Itspurposeistosafeguardoriginalworksofart, music, literature, and other creative media. With the exception of a few therapeutic uses, this kind of artistic, intellectual property is not very frequent or significant in the healthcareindustry.

2.TradeSecret despite being more difficult to enforce, trade secrets are slightly more common than copyrights. A trade secret is a piece of secret information, such as a production procedure, a supplier list, or anything else that helps a companybystayingundercover.

3. Trademark protect the names of companies or products, slogans, and other identifying characteristics of brands. Similar to other industries, trademarks also apply to the healthcareindustry.

4. Patents - Innovation would surely considerably slow down without the patenting system. An creator of a new medical product, procedure, or technique is shielded from market competition by a government-granted exclusive right known as a medical patent. It forbids the patented invention from being created, marketed, or utilized by rivals for a set period oftime.

5. Copyright Infringement - In general, copyright infringement refers to the unlawful use of original works that are covered by copyright legislation. The following content is eligible for copyright protection in the context of healthcare marketing and advertising and could be the target of infringementclaims:

Copy for marketing and advertising on various both digitalandprintmaterials

PhotosandimagesthatisavailableintheInternet

Systemsandsoftwarefordigitalhealth

Videodiagnostics

Medicalarticlesandjournals

COPYRIGHTS

Copyright exists from the moment the work is created. Those who want to reuse or replicate content that is protected by copyright in research must request permission from the copyright owner.

Sean (the researcher) can possibly use some content in research

EthicalBehavior

Objectives:

Inthisfourthlesson,wewillbeunderstandingthe:

Properethicalbehavior

Principlesofethicalbehavior

Wordsthatdefineethicalbehavior

How do we apply the context of ethical behavior

WhatisEthicalBehavior?

It refers to well founded moral standards that prescribe what humans should do, usually in terms of rights, obligations, societal benefits, fairness, or specific virtues.

It is characterized by honesty, fairness, and equity ininterpersonal,professional, and academic relationships in research and scholarly activities.

Ethics is essentially a set of rules that we all live by, though they are usually unwrittenrules.

Taking responsibilities sincerely for which, an individualismorallyandlegallyaccountable. Identifying and knowing the importance of decisions. The individual then considers the effect of his or her decision on others and on himorherself.

Respecttherightsofothers.

Stating honest statements when another individual wants and needs to know the truth as the basis for self determination or participationindecision making.

Promoting honest relations to other individuals to foster effective communication andestablishtrustandconfidence.

Abiding not only by personal values but also by professional standards, codes, institutional policies and procedures, and societal and legalresponsibilities.

Each profession has a Code of Ethics that guides them in how we should and should not treat eachother.

It can be difficult to define what needstobedoneattimes Thisis where ethics plays its part; an orderly method of determining whatiscorrectandincorrect.

Assessing interventions done and what will be the benefits of those actions and the possibleharmitcancause.

Evaluating the alternatives in choosing decisionsandchoosinganintervention.

Differentiating right from wrong and acting accordingly.

Policies and procedures for dealing with unethicalbehavior need to reflect an efficient and effective process that avoids obscuring or cloudingtheissues

WORDSUSEDINDEFININGETHICALBEHAVIOR

“Dignity”-thestateorqualityofbeingworthyofhonororrespect;asenseofpridein oneself;self respect.

“Diversity” aninstanceofbeingcomposedofdifferingelementsorqualities,variety “Equity” justiceaccordingtonaturallaworright,specifically:freedomfrombiasor favoritism.

“Fairness” fairorimpartialtreatment:lackoffavoritismtowardonesideoranother; inaccordancewithrules

“Honesty”-adherencetothefacts:sincerity:fairnessandstraightforwardnessof conduct;showingrighteousness

“Respect” toconsiderworthyofhighregard:esteem;torefrainfrominterferingwith; afeelingthatsomethingisrightorimportantandyoushouldnotattempttochangeit orharmitthatwouldnotcauseoffense

“Right/s” thatwhichismorallycorrect,just,orhonorable;beinginaccordancewith whatisjust,good,orproper;conformingtofactsortruth:correct:appropriate

"ANOTTERLIFE"

See how Otter is affected by the hurtful words thrown at him? And how Panda made him feel better by telling him how everyone should be treated with respect, especially in terms of diversity, equality, and rights of others. It is important to know that ethical behavior can inspire positive emotions, not only in ahospitalsetting,but inanyworkplace

Ethicsiswhatmotivatesustotellthetruth,keepour word,andassistthoseinneed Aframeworkofethics underpins our daily lives, assisting us in making decisions that have a positive impact and steering usawayfromunjustoutcomes.

The value of ethics is in providing a guideline for properbehaviorsothatoursocietycanfunctionand grow in the future It also helps us become the best possibleversionofourselvesinthefuture.Thisisthe primaryreasonfortheimportanceofethics

Overview: This video presents about how technology delivers better patient care for our nurses; how clinical expertsdevelopabetterproduct

Thevideoshowshow technology transforms a better workflow to our healthcare workers and how it greatly impacts the patient care and the system in the hospital Watch the full video to dwell into the great minds of how technologybenefitstowardspatientcareandsafety.

T

H T H I S

Make a collage of at least (3 4) pictures, and through your facial expressions, objects, or body action you will showcase about issues/understanding pertaining to the concept of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). After creatingacollage,nameorgiveatitletoyourwork.

BenjaminFranklin said, “hon will you be able to apply t

NEVER if you haven't done a y chooseIHAVE.Brieflyexplainyouranswers.

Never have I ever violated the data privacy of the interviewedpatient.

NeverhaveIever said that the patient's blood pressure was120/80eventhoughtheyweren'tsure.

Never have I ever said to the patient that it is bad to drinkalcoholbuttheydo.

BenjaminFranklin said, “hon will you be able to apply t

NEVER if you haven't done a y chooseIHAVE.Brieflyexplainyouranswers.

Never have I ever made a script for the patient even thoughitissaidtodoaninterview.

Never have I ever had an idea on what to do with the nursingcareplan.

Never have I ever got quiet while being questioned by theclinicalinstructorduringthereturndemonstration.

D.RightstoPrivacy

Now that you have a lot of learning about the topic, it’s now time to reminisce and access yourself from the KWLCHART. Note that you need to be honest while answering all the boxes, as it will serve as your diary. After that, I want you to rateyoursatisfactionusinganemojiandexplainbriefly.

AftertheKWLchart, takeapictureofyourselfbycopyingan emojithatrepresentsyoursatisfactionrateintheactivity.

ized Cha rent que you tor Nur d of serv dures per

and

teachyouthecommonquestionsandyouneedtofillinacomputerized charting.

Objective Cues

Overview: Now that you have knowledge regarding the different Policies, Ethics and Nursing Care through the eyes of Nursing Informatics. You can now watch the documentary video and answerthePostAssessmentTask.

BACKTOBACK

Make a reflection in what ways you could adhere to the concept of Policy and Ethics towards the Technological approach in Healthcare system.Asyouhavewatchedthevideo,whatarethefactorsyoucould thinkofsomewaystomaintainethicalmannersinsomedilemmasyou mightencounterinthefuture,asaprofessionalnurse.

APPENDICES

c, te eof t,and ssion, plete rs.

Originality

Content

Researchshows alargeamount oforiginal thoughtand givescredits whenusing otherpeople’s ideas

Researchshows someoriginal thoughtgives creditswhen usingother people’sideas

Researchshows someoriginal thoughtgives creditswhenusing otherpeople’s ideas

Organization

Coversthetopic in depthwith details Subject knowledgeis excellent

Includes essential knowledge aboutthetopic Subject knowledge appearstobe good

Includesessential knowledgeabout thetopicbutthere arefactual errors/unrelatedto thetopic

Contentiswell organizedwitha title/Nameof thePictogram, transitionof picturesiswell presented

Contentiswell organizedwitha title/Nameof thePictogram, transitionof picturesisweak presented

Contentis organizedbut missingoneofthe instructionsneeded

G R A M

APPENDICES

Somewhatinformativeandorganized.(Content)

Minorgrammaticalerrors(GrammaticalUsage)

18(good)

0 14(needs improvement)

Gives some new information but the organization is poorly organized(Content)

A number of grammatical errors are visible. (Grammatical Usage)

Someoftheideashaveoriginalityandaresubmittedontime. (OriginalityandTimeManagement) 15 (satisfactory)

Some of the ideas had originality but were submitted 5 minutesafterthetime (OriginalityandTimeManagement)

Content does not address the main point of the whole topic. (Content)

All the words used do not have any connection with the content (GrammaticalUsage)

Everything is plagiarized and was submitted 30 minutes after thetime.(OriginalityandTimeManagement)

REFERENCES

Hipaa Academy | Beyond Hipaa, Hitech & MU/Ehr.|Health it | Health Insurance Portability and accountability act. (n.d.). Retrieved October 9, 2022, from https://hipaaacademy.net/hipaa-security-rule/

Lutkevich, B. (2020, August 28). What is HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and accountability act)? SearchHealthIT. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from https://www.techtarget.com/searchhealthit/definition/HIPA A

Magnusson, A. (2022, September 26). What is HIPAA compliance? 2022 complete guide. StrongDM. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from https://www.strongdm.com/hipaa compliance

Raju, S., Aravindhan, & Pasupathy, A. (n.d.). What is HIPAA and how does it work?: Managed IT services and Cyber Security Services Company. Teceze. Retrieved October 14, 2022, from https://www.teceze.com/what-is-hipaa-andhow-does-it-work

RSI Security. (2022, October 7). What are the top 5 components of the HIPAA Privacy Rule? RSI Security. Retrieved October 14, 2022, from https://blog.rsisecurity.com/what-are-the-top-5components-of-the-hipaa-privacy-rule/