MASJID JAMEK SULTAN ABDUL SAMAD

PREPARED BY: NUR AZMINA ROSLAN (2022963971), SHARIFAH NUR ZULAIKHA SYED ZAHIRUDDIN (2022950219) & NURUL NILAM SARI ADENAN (2020831342)

JAMEK SULTAN ABDUL SAMAD

Introduction

MASJID

Masjid Jamek is one of the country’s oldest mosques. It was officiated by thethen Sultan of Selangor in 1909, two years after construction was completed and served as the city’s main mosque before Masjid Negara was built.

Located at the confluence of Klang River and Gombak River, the mosque stands on the city’s first Malay burial ground.

It was designed by Arthur Benison Hubback and features Neo-Moorish architectural style reminiscent of colonial buildings in Northern India. Not far from Masjid Jamek across the Gombak River is the equally-historical Sultan Abdul Samad Building, which was designed by the same architect and shares a similar style.

Masjid Jamek is a fine example of Islamic architecture in British Malaya that was built in the early 20th century. The design resembles Islamic architecture in northern India, which is used not only for Islamic buildings but also as administrative buildings during the British Colonial era. The foundation stone near the entrance of the main prayer hall of the mosque indicates that this mosque started its construction on 14th Safar 1336 Hijri or May 1908, with the ceremony of placing the foundation of the column undertaken by Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah, the Sultan of Selangor at that time.

s

Foundation Stone placed by H.R.H Sultan Alauddin on 23rd of March 1908. 21 months of construction, the mosque was officially opened.

The river bank had been reinforced as early as the late 1930s, and the lower part of the stairs had been buried beneath the ground.

Three worshippers were killed, and the structure was severely damaged during World War 2.

The present National Mosque took the position of Masjid Jamek as Malaysia's National Mosque in 1967 due to population growth.

Expanded with new additions constructed and an outside forecourt covered. Mosque domes were rebuilt after collapsing from severe rain.

Masjid Jamek was gazette as National Heritage through National Heritage Act 2005

The Government Transformation Programme of Kuala Lumpur sees Masjid Jamek expanded to accommodate 10,000 people per congregration prayers and receives a new landscaping.

HISTORY

MASJIDJAMEK SULTAN ABDUL SAMAD

The history of Masjid Jamek's establishment dates back to the founding in the 1870s of the Java Street Mosque, named after the street it was located at about where the Gian Singh Building stands today on Jalan Tun Perak. The early Java Street Mosque was built of timber and attap by Haji Samat, leader of the local Minangkabau/Rawa community in Kuala Lumpur at the time.

The widening of Java Street in 1902 involved the acquisition of Java Street Mosque's plot of land. The elders of the mosque agreed to relocate provided a new mosque was built in return. A collection of funds was raised through the Malay members of the State Council in addition to contributions by the Sultan of Selangor, Sultan Alauddin Suleiman and the FMS Government, totaling to $33,538.25 Straits Dollars.

A marble foundation stone of the new mosque, known today as Masjid Jamek, was laid on 25 March 1908 after 9 coins (three sovereigns and six dollars) were deposited beneath it, marking the beginning of its construction which took one year and nine months.

Masjid Jamek was officiated by Sultan Alauddin Suleiman on 14 Safar 1336 / 25 December 1909. It was described by the British Resident of Selangor, Sir Henry Conway Belfield, as the finest example of this class of building in Malaya. Approaches to the mosque were from between the old Gombak Bridge and the Town Hall, the river and Java Street (today Jalan Tun Perak). The building was considerably damaged when it was bombed by the Japanese on 26 September 1941.

The mosque was then renamed Sultan Abdul Samad Jamek Mosque during the Renaming Ceremony by His Royal Highness Sultan of Selangor, Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah Alhaj on 23 June 2017.

Government

Programme

and the

of Kuala Lumpur and

Klang have planned to expand Masjid Jamek Kuala Lumpur to accommodate a larger number of people for congregation prayers. The expansion is aimed to increase the mosque's capacity to 10,000 people per congregation, which will allow the mosque to better serve the growing Muslim population in the area.

In addition to the expansion, the government also planned to give the mosque a new landscaping as part of the "River of Life" program, which aims to revitalize the area surrounding the mosque and turn it into a Heritage Quarter. This will include the restoration and preservation of other heritage buildings surrounding the mosque, and the development of a new public park and walkway along the river. The program aims to create a vibrant and sustainable community around the mosque, while preserving its historical and cultural significance.

The

Transformation

(GTP)

National Key Economic Area (NKEA)

Lembah

Water features Pedestrian bridge Lurid LED panel

ARCHITECTURAL

MASJIDJAMEK SULTAN ABDUL SAMAD

One of the nation's oldest mosques is Masjid Jamek, which was constructed more than a century ago. It was dedicated by the Sultan of Selangor at the time two years after construction was finished, in 1907, and it functioned as the principal mosque for the city until Masjid Negara was constructed. The mosque is situated on the original Malay burial site in the city, near the meeting of the Klang and Gombak rivers. Its Neo-Moorish architecture is evocative of colonial structures in Northern India, and it was created by Arthur Benison Hubback. The similarly ancient Sultan Abdul Samad Building, which was created by the same architect and has a similar architecture to Masjid Jamek across the Gombak River, is close by.

Arthur Benison Hubback

Haji Osman and other Malay representatives petitioned for the new mosque to be constructed on the site of the old Muslim cemetery reserve instead, where the Gombak and Klang rivers meet.

By this time, about 0.72 acres in the northernmost portion of the cemetery grounds had already been surrendered to the government under the Muhammadan Cemetery Reserve Enactment 1904. The petition was addressed at a State Council meeting held in November 1906.

Selangor’s British Resident, Henry Conway Belfield, was in favour of the proposal.

He suggester that the design of the new mosque at the centre of the Federal capital, should in magnitude partake the character of a modern city rather than a traditional styled mosque.

He represented a design by FMS PWD Assistant Architect, Arthur Benison Hubback, which was in line with the Mughal inspired architecture of the neighbouring government buildings, estimated $30,000.

HC Belfield further suggested that the Malay Council members raise funds to defray the cost, and was prepared to recommend for the government to contribute dollar for dollar of the amount raised up to an aggregate of the estimated cost.

Java Street Mosque

A significant mosque located on neck land at the intersection of Sungai Gombak and Sungai Klang. It is the main mosque in Kuala Lumpur and was constructed to serve the city's expanding population, taking the place of the previous Java Roadway Mosque nearby, which was later destroyed in order to enlarge the street where it was located. Its architecture combines Gothic and Moorish characteristics, such as the pillared arches, with Mughal components like the three onion-shaped domes and chattri, which are reminiscent of the Jama Mosque in New Delhi. The Mughal Eclectic style is what the Malaysian Architect Association (PAM) has dubbed the architecture. The Fifth Sultan of Selangor formally placed the cornerstone on March 24, 1908, and construction was finished on December 23, 1909.

Bulbous/ Onion- Shaped Dome

Two smaller domes flank the 21 3mhigh centre dome Under the main dome, there is a prayer hall that looks out into a walled "sahn" (courtyard)

Pinnacles/ Spires

Narrow spires are typical Moorish architectural motifs.

MoorishMinaret

The pattern of pink and white minarets which are formed of brick and plaster has been described as “blood” and “bandage”

Horseshoe Arches

Kown as a saintly and holy emblem since pre-Islamic Syria permitting a higher ceiling than the traditional (semi-circular) arch

Chhatri

Flank the four corner of the bulbous dome with an octagonal base and small arches on each of the eight side.

Islamic Pattern Fountain

The fountain with an Islamic design enhances Masjid Jamek's tranquil ambiance. Consequently, it also has a cooling effect on the mosque.

Jharokha Screen Window

Moorish arch was incorporated into the window,which is connected to the latter "harem window“.

Mihrab

The mihrab is also known as the mihrab wall since the direction of Mecca is known as qibla. The direction of Mecca may be determined from the mihrab's placement.

Early 20th century and feature elements from classic Moorish architecture, such as arched entryways, geometric patterns, and decorative tilework. A horse arch, keyhole arch and pointed cinquefoil arch is found in Neo-Moorish in Masjid Jamek. It is a decorative archway that is often decorated with horse-related motifs, such as horse heads or horse shoes. The wooden doors are considered a major feature of the mosque's architectural and cultural significance. Ornate wooden carving refers to the decorative and intricate carving of wood. It is a traditional craftsmanship that requires a high level of skill and attention to detail. The designs are usually ornate and detailed, featuring intricate patterns, scrollwork, and other decorative elements.

The Mecca Mosque, also known as the Masjid al-Haram, is the largest mosque in the world and one of the most important sites in Islam. The design of the mosque is heavily influenced by Islamic architecture, and features large parasol-like shadings known as "mashrabiya" to provide shade and protection from the sun for worshippers. These shadings are often intricately designed and can be seen on the exterior of the mosque.

Traditionally, the mosque's interior was entirely carpeted, with a mihrab facing Mecca and a platform where sermons were delivered. A spot where the carpet could be pulled exposing the original tiles. Masjid Jamek Abdul Samad, Kuala Lumpur also has the same traditional design. It has a large carpeted area for praying, with a mihrab and mimbar in the front, facing Mecca. The mosque also has a spot where the carpet can be pulled back to reveal the original tiles. The mosque's interior is adorned with colorful patterned tiles, arabesque motifs and calligraphic inscriptions, it also has a mix of traditional and modern elements that makes it unique.

Masjid Jamek Sultan Abdul Samad in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia is designed with the needs and comfort of men and women in mind. The separate and private ablution facilities for men and women are designed to provide a comfortable and respectful environment for prayer. The men's ablution area is open and conveniently located near the prayer room, making it easy for them to proceed to their prayers. The use of bright tiles and green mosaic in the design of the ablution space creates a sense of spaciousness and tranquility. The circulation in the ablution area is also well-organized, making it easy for visitors to navigate and take ablution comfortably and freely.

The place to take ablution for women is typically separate and more private than the men's ablution area. This is done to ensure that women have a comfortable and respectful space in which to perform ablution. The women's ablution area is typically more enclosed than the men's area, providing a greater degree of privacy. In addition, the space for ablution for women is often limited compared to that of men, which can result in a cramped or cramped environment. This is a common occurrence in many mosques and cultural centers in many countries, which is intended to protect the privacy and respect of women.

The prayer halls for men and women are separated into two sections. However, most suraus are favoured by male visitors to the Jamek Mosque. Prior to Masjid Jamek's enlargement project, the capacity was 300 people. Jamek Mosque can now seat 4,000 people following the completion of the expansion project. On Fridays, the Jamek Mosque will be packed with male worshippers. In fact, it should not be forgotten that during Eid, numerous people pray at Jamek Mosque.

The use of marble was used throughout the prayer hall of Masjid Jamek. Due to its elegant look and durability, marble is frequently employed in architectural and ornamental applications. It is a natural stone made from limestone that has been subjected to tremendous heat and pressure, resulting in the production of a hard, thick rock. Marble's distinct patterns and hues contribute to its visual attractiveness. Marble is also a long-lasting material that is resistant to wear and tear, making it ideal for high-traffic areas.

The prayer hall in a mosque is typically left empty and without furniture to maximize the number of worshippers who can participate in a single prayer session. This is particularly important on Fridays, which is the Muslim holy day, when large numbers of people come to the mosque to pray. The idea is to have as many people as possible in one prayer session, so the prayer hall is designed to be as spacious as possible, without any furniture or other obstructions to impede movement. This allows for more people to stand shoulder-to-shoulder, facing the direction of Mecca, in the proper formation for prayer.

LEGEND

Extended Areas

1. Main gate

2. Safety office

3. Gallery & souvenir kiosk

4. Imam’s office

5. Men’s ablution area

6. Ladies ablution area

7. Ladies Toilet

8. Men’s ablution room

9. Men’s toilet

10. Open ablution area

11. Extended praying area

12. Disabled entrance ramp

13. Enclosed extended praying area

14. Open ablution area

15. Stairs for river passengers

16. Landscaping area

Remained areas

17. Praying area

18. Ladies praying area

19. Praying hall

20. Mihrab

21. Minaret entrances

CONTRIBUTIONS CURRENT AND FUTURE

MASJIDJAMEK SULTAN ABDUL SAMAD

The Masjid Jamek Mosque served as the main centre of worship for the local Muslim community.

The existence of masjid jamek in the context of islamic city and islamic architecture, the mosque had become a center of all the activities.

The incoming tourist made the streets so busy that the Malay used this opportunity to open their business along the streets.

Masjid Jamek at the hub of Kuala Lumpur had given a big significance in terms of the culture of the architecture in that area. Indirectly, the survival of Masjid Jamek had become a symbol of colonial architecture and at the same time, the variety of architectural styles in Kuala Lumpur.

Masjid Jamek is a "witness‟ to the evolution of Kuala Lumpur from a small city based on mining activities until today as a mega city that served the latest technology and become a world business venture.

Masjid Jamek are not only open to Malays and Muslims. Even welcoming the arrival of non-Muslims and tourists present who are around the area. At the same time, Islam became a religion that was looked upon favorably by nonMuslims in the future.

AXONOMETRIC OF MASJID JAMEK SULTAN ABDUL SAMAD

MASJIDJAMEK SULTAN ABDUL SAMAD

THE GREAT MOSQUE OF CÓRDOBA AND SHEIKH ZAYED GRAND MOSQUE

SIMILARITY INTERNATIONAL BUILDING IN CONNECTION WITH

MASJID JAMEK

The Great Mosque of Córdoba, also known as Mezquita-Catedral, is a complex and richly historical building located in Córdoba, Spain. The site has been used for different religious and cultural buildings throughout history. Historians believe that a temple to the Roman god Janus was the first structure built on this site. After the Visigoths conquered Córdoba in 572, they converted the temple into a church. Later, when the Muslim Umayyads took control of Córdoba, they converted the church into a mosque and completely rebuilt it. The mosque was then expanded and remodeled over the centuries, reflecting the different architectural styles of the various caliphates that ruled Al-Andalus. In the 13th century, after the Christian reconquest of Córdoba, the mosque was transformed into a cathedral. Today, the Great Mosque of Córdoba is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a popular tourist destination, drawing visitors from all over the world.

Location

Cordoba, Andalusia

Country: Spain

Style: Moorish, Renaissance (with Gothic and Baroque element)

Completed: Began: 785- 786 (169 AH), Finished: 786- 787 (170 AH)

Centuries: 9th & 10th

Style/ Period: Umayyad

Building type: Religious

Building usage: Mosque

The mosque's unique architectural style, blending elements of Visigothic, Byzantine, and Mudéjar architecture, is widely admired and studied. The horseshoe arches, for example, are a characteristic feature of Mudéjar architecture. The mosque's size and grandeur reflect the wealth and power of the Umayyad Caliphate at the time. It was later converted into a cathedral in the 13th century, and now it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The mosque-cathedral is an important architectural and historical monument and a testimony of the cultural and religious coexistence that took place in alAndalus.

Horse Arch

The horseshoe arch is a unique architectural feature that is closely associated with Western Islamic architecture. Horseshoe arches are characterized by a curved arch that is wider at the base than at the top.

Dome

The dome is constructed with crisscrossing ribs that create pointed arches, which is a technique that anticipates later Gothic rib vaulting.

Mihrab

The Mihrab is a focal point for Al-Hakam II's contribution to the Aljama. It has an octagonal structure with a scallop shell dome that rises up from a marble plinth. The wall panels are decorated with trefoil blind arches and stylized plant motifs.

The mosque at Córdoba, at 23,400 m2, was the world's second biggest after that in Mecca until 1588, when the Blue Mosque in Istanbul surpassed it. The mosque is separated into two sections. The first section, the patio or portico sahn, holds the minaret beneath the Renaissance tower, which is Abd al-Rahman III's solitary involvement in the mosque. This area also serves as a prayer chamber, or haram. The interior of the mosque is the second half of it. It is distinguished by the collection of columns and arches that define bicolor. These combine to generate a highly unique colour and formal whole. The interior is organised into five sections, each of which corresponds to the mosque's numerous enlargements throughout the years.

The Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque is one the world’s largest mosques and a massive architectural work of art that intentionally blends different Islamic architectural schools. It features 82 domes, more than 1,000 columns, 24-carat-gold gilded chandeliers and the world's largest hand-knotted carpet. The main prayer hall is dominated by one of the world’s largest chandeliers.

Location: Abu Dhabi

Country: United Arab Emirates

Architect: Yusef Abdelki

Style : Islamic, Mughal, Ottoman and Moorish architecture

Completed: 20 December 2007

Height: 115 m

Capacity: 40,000

Building usage: Mosque

The Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque is a magnificent architectural masterpiece that showcases stunning Islamic design and architecture. It was built by the late Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, the founder of the United Arab Emirates, with the goal of creating a cultural haven that welcomes and inspires people from all backgrounds and cultures. The mosque stands over 100 meters high, and features the world's largest hand-woven carpet, white marble domes, 82 reflective pools, columns embedded with amethyst and jasper, and breathtaking marble mosaic artworks. The mosque has an open-door policy, encouraging visitors from all over the world to not only admire its beauty, but also gain a deeper understanding of the UAE's culture of open dialogue and tolerance.

Onion Dome

Pure white marble cladding is used for the onion-shaped 'crowns' and crescent-shaped finials, which are adorned with gold-glass mosaic.

Minarets

The Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque has four minarets, each of which is around 106 meters high. Each minaret is made-up of three different geometric shapes The crowning lantern covered with gold-glass mosaic goes back to the Fatimid era. It is the only library to be found in a minaret.

Horse Arch

The trio of Carrara marble horse shoe arches supported by gold leaf double pillars is one of its most prominent characteristics. The perspective of the minaret with its gold trim peeking through the arch adds to the mosque's magnificence.

Sultan Bin Zayed Al Nahyan directed and oversaw the construction of the mosque. Yusef Abdelki, the mosque's architect, was inspired by a variety of sources, including the Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque in Alexandria, constructed by Mario Rossi in the 1920s, the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore, and other allusions to Persian, Mughal, and Indo-Islamic architecture. The Badshahi Mosque inspired the mosque's dome layout and design. Its arches are distinctly Moorish, and its minarets are traditionally Arab. The mosque can handle over 40,100 people, while the main prayer hall can hold over 7,000. There are two smaller prayer halls, each with a capacity of 1,500 people, one of which is dedicated to women.

The Badshahi Mosque inspired the mosque's dome layout and design. Its arches are distinctly Moorish, and its minarets are traditionally Arab. More than 3,000 people and 38 subcontractors worked on the project with primary contractor Impregilo (Italy).Because of their durability, natural materials such as marble stone, gold, semi-precious stones, crystals, and ceramics were used for much of its design and construction. Many nations provided artisans and materials, including India, Italy, Germany, Egypt, Turkey, Morocco, Pakistan, Malaysia, Iran, China, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, the Republic of Macedonia, and the United Arab Emirates.

MASJID JAMEK SULTAN ABDUL SAMAD

Architect Arthur Benison Hubback

THE GREAT MOSQUE OF CORDOBA SHEIKH ZAYED GRAND MOSQUE

Hernán Ruiz the Younger, Hernan Ruiz the Elder, Hernan Ruiz III, Diego de Ochoa

Praves, Juan de Ochoa Praves

Year of Build 1870s

Yusef Abdelki

785- 786 (169 AH) 2007

Location Kuala Lumpur Andalusia Abu Dhabi

Country Malaysia Spain U.A.E

Style Neo-Moorish Architectural Moorish, Renaissance (with Gothic and Baroque element)

Islamic, Mughal, Ottoman and Moorish architecture

Arches A horse arch, keyhole arch and pointed cinquefoil arch

Dome 3 Onion- shaped

CONCLUSION

MASJIDJAMEK SULTAN ABDUL SAMAD

The design of Masjid Jamek is a fusion of different architectural styles, including Moorish, Indo-Saracenic, and Mughal. This unique blend of styles gives the mosque a distinct appearance and makes it a significant architectural landmark in Kuala Lumpur.

The mosque has played an important role in the local community and has contributed to the social and economic development of the area. It serves as a place of worship and a gathering place for the Muslim community, and it also attracts many visitors, both locals and tourists, as a historical and cultural site.

It is important to recognize the historical and cultural significance of the Masjid Jamek, and to take steps to preserve it for future generations. This includes maintaining the building and its grounds, as well as ensuring that its function as a place of worship and community gathering place is maintained. It is also important to consider ways to improve the mosque's function, such as by providing better accessibility for people with disabilities and updating the facilities to meet the needs of the community.

THANK YOU

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