Using BIM technology in analysing the eco-footprint of new buildings
Bjørne Grimsrud Head of the R & D Department The Norwegian Public Construction and Property Management
Statsbygg acts on behalf of the Norwegian government as property manager and advisor in construction and property affairs. Property Management Statsbygg manages approx. 2,6 million m2 of floor space, in Norway and abroad. (annual turnover apx € 400 million) Construction In total Statsbygg’s annual building budget is approx. NOK 3 billion. (apx.€ 400 million) Consultancy Statsbygg offers consultancy and assistance in civil engineering and technical matters to ministries and other governmental organisations. 2 A presentation by Statsbygg
Building Information Modelling Building Information Modelling (BIM) is the process of generating and managing building data during its life cycle. Typically it uses three-dimensional, real-time, dynamic building modelling software to increase productivity in building design and construction. The process produces the Building Information Model (also abbreviated BIM), which encompasses building geometry, spatial relationships, geographic information, and quantities and properties of building components 3 A presentation by Statsbygg
Laws and regulations
CAD software
-Building regulations -Building specifications
-Drawings, calculations -Architect, engineer,…
VRML
Knowledge databases
-Visualisation, 3D models
-Best practise knowledge -Own practice
Simulations
Indicates that: •Information is round tripping •That you can work with partial models (extract/enrich/upload) •The information is software independent •Business processes happens in a sequence
-Comfort -Ventilation, heating -Life cycle cost -Light, sound -Insulation -Fire, usage -Environment -Life time predictions
Briefing
-Functional req. -Estimates -Conditions -Requirements
Demolition, refurbishment -Rebuild -Demolition -Restoration
Facility management -Letting, sale, operations -Maintenance -Guaranties
Specifications Construction management -Scheduling -Logistics, 4D
Lars Bjørkhaug, Norwegian Building Research Institute Illustrations by : Byggforsk, Olof Granlund, NBLN University of California, Stanford University
-Specification sheets -Classification standards -Estimates, accounting
Procurement -Product databases -Price databases
En presentasjon av Statsbygg
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Oil & Gas En presentasjon av Statsbygg
Statsbygg's focus on BIM and IFC: Statement from 2007
Statsbygg aims to increase the utility value of its buildings for tenants and users, and aims to significantly reduce construction and operating costs and building damage, through use of BIM based on open, international standards (IFC). 2010 – BIM (IFC) will be the standard carrier of information in ALL our business processes
6 A presentation by Statsbygg
Government clients in the USA (GSA/PBS), Denmark (DECA), Finland (Senate Properties), and Norway (Statsbygg) has signed a joint statement with the intention to support Building Information Modelling (BIM) with Open Standards for public facilities
7 A presentation by Statsbygg
Using BIM technology in analysing the ecofootprint 8 A presentation by Statsbygg
Statsbygg has developed a GHG Accounting Tool www.klimagassregnskap.no (Norwegian only)
GHG emission accounting tool for buildings
3 modules today
Holistic Life Cycle Approach - 60 years
Systemizing complex conditions - simple calculations
Benchmarking – CO2-eqv./m2
A planning tool to minimize GHG emissions from new buildings
The GHG Accounting Tool
DemoDemoliation liation
Land Landuse use changes changes
Klimagassregnskap for utbyggingsprosjekter
Greenhouse gas emissions from building projects calculated as CO2 equiv. per m2 per year – 60 year lifetime Residential
Day-care
University
100,0 90,0
2/y r
80,0 70,0
O C g k
./m iv u q 2-e
60,0 50,0 40,0
Transport
30,0 20,0
Energy use
10,0 -
Materials
Transport
Energy
Materials
11
Information abut the type an amount of the material can be generated from the BIM.
Ramez Rafat, Statsbygg, 31 mars 2008
(endres under Vis Topptekst/Bunntekst) PRESENTASJONSNAVN
This is combined with generic information onBuilding materials - Embodied Greenhouse Gas Emissions tonnes of CO2-eqv./tonne material GHG in production Alumium – primary and recycled
O fC s e n to
ril a m n ./to v q 2- e
only emissions due to use of fossil fuels and raw materiales
17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
wood
glass
includes emissions from electricity used in production
Polyuretan
Spikes
concrete 13 A presentation by Statsbygg
14 A presentation by Statsbygg
Hundsund day-care, Material and embodied GHG emissions
15
The relative contribution from materials in a building where energy efficiency has been given priority (Fornebu Hage) and one where it has not (Bodø University College). Bodø University College (in use from 2004) Fornebu Hage, housing (under construction) Emission of greenhouse gases - According to main source Emission of greenhouse gases - According to main source
Transport 27 %
Materials 21 %
Materials 5%
Transport 44 %
Energy use 35 %
Energy use 68 %
Emissions from production of the material quantities
O kgC
iv./m u q 2-e
2/yr
14 Day-care 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 -
University Surface treatment Stairs and balconies Roofs Ceilings and floors Internal walls Outside walls Ground and foundations Load-bearing systems
Envir. fr. materials
Renovated
Basic materials
GHG - Transport – use phase Includes transport needs – Personal transport (car or public; bus/metro) and Freight transport
Amount of trips as a function of: – Type of building (dwellings, hospital, university, e.g.), – Location and distance to city centre services (stores, cinema, sports, …) – Availability of public transport and parking space (e.g. toll or not)
Model
– Predefined travel length from national and regional travel habit surveys – Predefined emission factors – national emission inventories + scenarios for technology improvements
GHG from building projects - transport kg CO2 eq. per m2 per year. “Distances/2”
Dwellings
Day-care
19
The intention is to develop interactive tools for such transport analysis
GHG - Energy use – use phase Includes space heating/cooling, warm water, electric appliances Predefined emissions and efficiency factors Electricity use – default: European OECD nations’ average (2004) of 357 g CO2/kWh , but the users can decide factor User choose: – – – –
m2 building Building characteristics (residential, non-residential, etc) climate zone (7 regional zones in Norway) calculated net energy requirements or measured energy use – energy sources – oil, NG, bio, DH, El.,.. – share of electricity specific consumption – Emission factor for district heating and electricity
GHG from operational energy use kg CO2 eq. per m2 per year
District heating Electrisity 357 g/kWh
22
BIM based energy analysis in design phase HOURLY TEMPERATURES ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION Simulation 30 MWh Lighting electricity 77 28 Equipment electricity 54 HVAC, cooling electr. 2 26 HVAC, other electr. 43 Electricity total 176 24 Heating 194 22
1 NOK 38474 27148 880 21530 88032 96879
kWh/m² 25 18 1 14 57 63 119
Simulation 1 Simulation 2 Case 1 B - CAV med solskjerming kWh/m³ MWh NOK 8 77 38474 Air flow rate: 10,0 m³/h,m² (219 m³/h) 6 54 27148 Space cooling: 0,0 W/m² (0 W) 0 2 880 5 43 21530 Simulation 2 19 176 88032 Case 1 - CAV 21 226 113216 Air flow rate: 10,0 m³/h,m² (219 m³/h) Space cooling: 0,0 W/m² (0 W)
20 ENERGY CONSUMPTION 18
1
SPACE
3
MWh
5
0 7 70 9
15
100 17 19
150 21 23 h
Simulation 1 Average space temperature on cooling design day conditions 60 ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION MWh NOK kWh/m² kWh/m³ 50 Lighting electricity 77 38471 24,8 8,2 HOURLY LOADS Simulation 2 Equipment electricity 54 27148 17,5 5,8 40 W/m2 W/m2 Sim. 1 HVAC, cooling electr. 3 1349 0,9 0,3 40 40 4,6 HVAC, other electr. 43 21530 13,9 30 Electricity total 177 88498 57,2 18,8 30 Heating 302 150751 97,4 30 32 ENERGY COST 20 20 10 Simulation 1
Lighting electricity
Heating
10
0
0
0 Equipment2 electricity Simulation
BIM i Universitetet i Stavanger
50 11 13
14 %
1
Electricity 100000 20
50000
2
3
4
5
6
5
7
6
7
5
3
5
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
86 %
-10HVAC, cooling electr. 1 3 5electr. 7 9 11 13 3 15 17 419 4 HVAC, other Domestic hot water Heating Heating, HVAC,spaces other electr. 49 47 41 Heating Heating, AC system Total load Windows Equipment
kWh/m³ 8 6 0 5 19 24
Outdoor temperature: Summer design weather 11.07., Wednesday Max. / min. 250 outdoor temperature +24,8 / +16,9 °C400 200 300 350 Norway, Stavanger, lat. 58,90°, lon. 5,60°
MONTHLY ENERGY CONSUMPTION
16
kWh/m² 25 18 1 14 57 73 130
2410 % 2%
0
31 %
6 6 5
MWh
MWh 450
NOK 16 %
16 %
Sim. 2
11 %
11 % 1%
63 %
7
8
9
7
7
6
5
5
4
0
0
1 -10 1 h 21 323 3 45 Lighting electricity 4 31
9%
NOK Facility and user electricity 200000 250000
150000
43 %
1%
63 %
9%
10
11
7
7
5
5
4
0
0
0
43 %
12 57 %
6
7 4 9 11 3 13 154 17 194 21 23 3 h Equipment HVAC, cooling electr.electricity Equipment electricity LightingFacility electricity electricity HVAC, cooling 27 14 6 electr.4 6 10 20 31 47 User electricity HVAC, other electr. Lighting People Conduction Infiltration (without windows)
Example of design for low energy use
24 A presentation by Statsbygg
www.klimagassregnskap.no: enables systematic GHG calculations in a holistic, life-cycle perspective - repeatable • provides new insight into the significance of different sources of emissions • Basis for Statsbyggs GHG strategy for the future comparing buildings/cases indicate that: – Choice of energy-efficient design and renewable sources can reduce energy use and GHG emissions by more than 50 % – Central location can reduced emissions from transport by more than 50 % – Renovation and reuse of buildings can reduce embodied GHG emissions by 60–70 % compared with a new building
Simple living in Norwegian mountains with low GHG emissions per m2!
Klimagassregnskap for utbyggingsprosjekter