Arunachal

A r unachal Pr adesh

Himalayan Topography

Administration Division

1. Tawang, 2,3.Kameng(West&East), 4.Kurung Kumey, 5. Papumpere, 6,7.

Subanseri (Upper&Lower) 8,9,10. Siang (West,East&Upper), 11,12. Dibang Valley(Upper&Lower), 13.Lohit, 14. Anjaw, 15. Changlang, 16. Tirap

ARUNACHAL PRADESH: AN INTRODUCTION Arunachal Pradesh is situated in the North-Eastern part of India with 83743 sq. kms area and has a long international border with Bhutan to the west (160 km), China to the north and north-east (1,080 km) and Myanmar to the east (440 km). It stretches from snow-capped mountains in the north to the plains of Brahmaputra valley in the south.

Arunachal is the largest state area-wise in the north-east region, even larger than Assam which is the most populous.

It is situated between latitude 26 30' N and 29 30 ' N and longitude 91 30' E and 9730' E. Itanagar is the capital of Arunachal Pradesh and located at an altitude of 530 meters above MSL. It is named after Itafort meaning fort of bricks built in 14th century A.D. 1 2 3 4 5 6.

Population of State(2001 Census) Males Females Literate Persons Literacy Rate Sex Ratio Member of Parliament Rajya Sabha Lok Sabha Member of Legislative Assembly

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1, 091, 117 573, 951 517, 166 487, 796 54.74% 901 females to 1000 males

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1 2 60

ARUNACHAL PRADESH: EVOLUTION On 15th August 1947 when India became an independent nation, North East Frontier Agency commonly known as NEFA became an integral part of the Union of India. It was administrated by the Ministry of External Affairs with the Governor of Assam acting as agent to the President of India. The administrative head was the Advisor to the Governor.

In 1972, the NEFA became a Union Territory when Indira Gandhi was the Prime Minister and acquired the name of Arunachal Pradesh. After 3 years, in 1975, it acquired a legislature. And finally, on 20th February 1987 Statehood was conferred on Arunachal Pradesh when Rajiv Gandhi was the Prime Minister and it became the 25th State of the Union of India.

Arunachal Pradesh, area-wise, is the largest state of the NE region of India. It forms a complex hill system of Shivalik and Himalayan origin and is crisscrossed by numerous rivers and streams. The state shares a total of 1630 kms of international boundary with neighboring countries; 1030 kms with China, 160 kms with Bhutan and 440 kms with Myammar. The McMohan line defines the international boundary between India and China.

Administratively, the State is divided into fifteen districts. Capital of the State is Itanagar in Papum Pare district. Itanagar is named after Ita Fort meaning fort of bricks, built in 14th century AD.

McMahon Line In 1913-1914 representatives of China, Tibet and Britain negotiated a treaty in India: the Simla Accord with objective to define the borders between Inner and Outer Tibet as well as between Outer Tibet and British India.

British administrator, Sir Henry McMahon, drew up the 550 miles (890 km) McMahon Line as the border between British India and Outer Tibet during the Simla Conference. The Tibetan and British representatives at the conference agreed to the line, which ceded Tawang and other Tibetan areas to the British Empire. The Chinese representative had no problems with the border between British India and Outer Tibet, however on the issue of the boder between Outer Tibet and Inner Tibet the talks broke down. Thus, the Chinese representative refused to accept the agreement and walked out.

The Tibetan Government and British Government went ahead with the Simla Agreement and declared that the benefits of other articles of this treaty would not be bestowed on China as long as it stays out of the purview.

The Chinese position since then has been that since China had sovereignty over Tibet, the line was invalid without Chinese agreement. Furthermore, by refusing to sign the Simla documents, the Chinese Government had escaped according any recognition to the validity of the McMahon Line.

() -, , 1962 ... . 29 , 1954 --, 1962

Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh ď‚— A Digital Library is a special library with a focused

collection of digital objects that can include text, visual material, audio material, video material, stored as electronic media formats (as opposed to print, microform, Mishmi or other media), along with Adi/Galo means for organizing, storing, (Idu mishmi, (Miri, Pailibo, Digaru Mishmi, and retrieving the filesBokar, andBori, media Karko, contained in the library Miju Mishmi), Ashing, Shimong) Minyong, (Memba Khamba) collection.

Milang, Pasi, Padam, Panggi,

ď‚— Digital libraries can vary immensely in size scope, and Khamptiand Singpho Bangni/Nyishi,

(Sulung, Tagin) can be maintained by individuals, organizations, or Monpa Apatani Yobin (Miji, Khawa, affiliated with established physical library buildings or Nocte Thukpen, Aka) institutions, or with academic institutions.[1] The electronic Wancho content may be stored locally, or accessed remotely via computer networks. An electronic library is a type of information retrieval system.

Tawang Monastery

17th Century

Monpa Tribe (Miji, Khawa,Thukpen, Aka) of Western Arunachal Pradesh.

Nomad family_Yak herder

Nyishi/Bangni (Sulung, Tagin) Tribes Central Arunachal Pradesh.

Apatani Tribe of Central Arunachal Pradesh.

Ziro in Lower Subansiri District

Adi/Galo (Miri, Pailibo, Bokar, Bori, Karko, Ashing, Shimong) (Memba Khamba) Central Arunachal Pradesh.

Adi/Galo (Miri, Pailibo, Bokar, Bori, Karko, Ashing, Shimong) (Memba Khamba) Tribes of Central Arunachal Pradesh.

Mishmi (Idu mishmi, Digaru Mishmi, Miju Mishmi) Tribes Eastern Arunacal Pradesh.

Singpho, Yobin, Nocte, Wancho Tribes of Southern Western Arunachal Pradesh.

The yak (Bos grunniens and Bos mutus) is a long-haired bovid found throughout the Himalaya region of southern Central Asia, the Tibetan Plateau and as far north as Mongolia and Russia. Most yaks are domesticated Bos grunniens. There is also a small, vulnerable population of wild yaks, Bos mutus.

Himalayan characteristic way of life with yaks and sheep being predominant species until recently, the mithun, or gayal (Bos frontalis) is the most prominent animal exploited by Eastern Himalayan groups. The gayal is the state animal of Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland. Gayals play an important role in the social life of the people in Arunachal Pradesh.

The gayal is an independent Bos species originating matrilineally from gaur, zebu and cattle.‌

The great hornbill is the state bird of Chin State in Myanmar, and of Kerala and Arunachal in India.

The species was formerly broken into subspecies cavatus, from the Western Ghats, and homrai, the nominate form from the sub-Himalayan forests. The subspecies from Sumatra was sometimes called cristatus.[7] Variation across populations is mainly in size, Himalayan birds being larger than the those from further south, and the species is now usually considered monotypic.

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